Hyperbole in literature definition. What is the difference between hyperbole and other literary devices? Linguistic means of understatement

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Meaning of the word hyperbole

hyperbole in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Dal Vladimir

hyperbola

and. mathematician a curved line that would appear on the surface of a sugar loaf (cone) if it were cut from the side, vertically along.

Rhetorician. exaggeration, any expression that goes to any extreme, for example. I don't have a penny; he takes in everything with his gaze. Hyperbolic, belonging to hyperbole, related to it. Hyperboloid math. geometric body, formed by rotation of the hyperbola. Hypersthene m. black stone with a bronze tint; pavlit.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

hyperbola

hyperbole, g. (Greek hyperbole).

Curve from the number of conic sections (mat.). A hyperbola is obtained by cutting the right gyre of a cone with a plane.

Figure of exaggeration (lit.). Gogol's style is replete with hyperbole.

Any excessive or exaggerated statement about something. (book). Well, this is a hyperbole: in reality, everything happened simpler.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

hyperbola

Y, f. In poetics: a word or expression containing exaggeration to create artistic image; In general - an exaggeration.

hyperbola

Y, f. In mathematics: an open curve consisting of two branches that is formed when a plane intersects a conical surface.

adj. hyperbolic, -aya, -oe.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

hyperbola

and. An open curve of two branches, obtained when both planes of the surface of a circular cone intersect with a plane that does not pass through its vertex (in geometry).

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

hyperbola

HYPERBOLE (from the Greek hyperbole - exaggeration) is a type of trope based on exaggeration (“rivers of blood”). Wed. Litotes.

Hyperbole (mathematics)

2a,$ and ∣ FF∣ > 2a > 0.

Along with the ellipse and parabola, the hyperbola is a conic section and a quadric. A hyperbola can be defined as a conic section with an eccentricity greater than one.

Hyperbola

Hyperbola :

Hyperbola- a flat curve of the second order.
Hyperbola- trope, exaggeration.

Hyperbole (rhetoric)

Hyperbola- a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration, with the aim of enhancing the expressiveness of expressiveness and emphasizing the said thought. For example: “I’ve said this a thousand times” or “we have enough food for six months.”

Hyperjj is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them an appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. The character or situation portrayed may also be hyperbolic. Hyperbole is also characteristic of the rhetorical and oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as romantic style, where pathos meets irony. Among Russian authors, Gogol is especially prone to hyperbole; among poets, Mayakovsky

Examples of the use of the word hyperbole in literature.

In this case, your words should be considered as hyperbole, Autolycus, - declared Danaus, - for these two beautiful little creatures hardly jumped out in full armor from your forehead, like Athena from the head of Zeus.

And since it was absolutely clear that punishment would fall on one of these three, Alcibiades and Nicias came to an agreement and, uniting the forces of their supporters, turned the ostracism against himself. Hyperbola.

Some, however, claim that Alcibiades came to an agreement not with Nicias, but with Phaeac and attracted the Phaeacian community to his side in order to expel Hyperbola, who did not at all expect such a misfortune: after all, vicious and insignificant people have never been subject to this punishment, as the comedian Plato quite rightly noted, speaking about Hyperbole: Although he deservedly accepted the punishment, there is no way to combine it with his brand: The trial of shards is not for such was made up.

Hyperbola, gradation, oxymoron, periphrase, alogism, rhetorical question, rhetorical exclamation, but above all, comparison and metaphor became the object of study here.

Along with hyperbole and with caricature, Domanovich often turns to the technique of contrast.

Even now the titles of their sovereigns are just as fantastic hyperboles and exaggerations, like those titles with which religious flattery has long tried to glorify the gods.

It turned out to be a coordinate system, in the upper left corner of which was very neatly depicted hyperbola, adjacent to the horizontal and vertical axes.

Since the sixteenth century our hyperbola suddenly begins to rise sharply.

All this means that our hyperbola crossed its symmetrical axis, and sharply goes upward along a vertical branch.

This is, of course, an exaggeration hyperbola- that is, an instrument that is naturally more suitable for a destroyer-civilizer than for a cultural conservative, such as Turgenev was.

This meant that he would have to almost literally emerge from the sun on a strict course in the form hyperboles or a parabola passing in close proximity to the sun, and hide behind its brilliance and the noise of its flares.

This means that we are not afraid hyperboles, no parabolas, no other open curves?

IN in this case we are interested in the fact that on the vertical axis hyperboles There is certainly a point at which the number of people present on Earth at one time will coincide with the number who have lived on it throughout world history.

Deadlines on our vertical branch hyperboles are compressed so much that an error by several times will mean an error of only one or two decades.

And successful ones hyperboles- metaphors, for example, about a beaten face you can say: it can be mistaken for a basket of mulberries, so blue under the eyes.

Hello, dear readers blog site. All of us in our lives have said or heard similar expressions at least once (and some more than once): YOU ARE ALWAYS LATE or HAVEN'T SEEN SEEN FOR A HUNDRED YEARS.

And few people thought that these phrases were devoid of any common sense. So, a person simply cannot “always be late.” And it’s impossible for someone not to see each other for “a hundred years,” if only because people rarely live that long.

Such exaggerations in Russian are called hyperboles and they will be discussed in this publication.

Hyperbole is a beautiful exaggeration

This word itself is Greek - “hyperbole” and it means “excess, excess, exaggeration.”

Hyperbole is one of the means strengthening emotional assessment, which consists in excessive exaggeration of any phenomena, qualities, properties or processes. This creates a more impressive image.

Moreover, exaggeration often reaches completely incomprehensible concepts, sometimes even. Any foreigner, if translated literally, will be clearly puzzled. We have long been accustomed to them, and perceive them as completely normal.

Here are examples of the most commonly used hyperboles in everyday life:

SCARE TO DEATH
A THOUSAND APOLOGIES
AT LEAST FLY
RIVERS OF BLOOD
MOUNTAINS OF CORPSES
I'VE BEEN WAITING FOREVER
GO OVER A THOUSAND KILOMETERS
STANDED ALL DAY
A LOT OF MONEY
A Feast FOR THE WHOLE WORLD
SEA OF TEARS
NOT SEEN FOR 100 YEARS
OCEAN OF PASSIONS
WEIGHS ONE HUNDRED POUNDS
Smother in your arms
SCARED TO DEATH

All listed expressions we constantly use in colloquial speech. And for the sake of experiment, just try to parse them verbatim and see how funny and sometimes absurd some of them are.

Well, for example, “at least fill yourself up” - this should be such an amount of liquid that it is enough for a whole pool into which you could plunge headlong. Although in fact, with this expression we just want to say that we have a lot of drinks - even more than we need.

Or does the phrase “a lot of money” actually mean just good things? financial condition, and not that a person has collected all his savings and let’s put them in one pile.

And we never use the expression “to travel a thousand kilometers” we're talking about about the real distance, for example, from Moscow to Volgograd or Rostov-on-Don. But simply in the sense of “far”, although in fact in real numbers there the distance may be only a few kilometers.

And this way you can “debunk” absolutely any hyperbole. But you shouldn't do this. They do not have to mean the absolute truth; their task is to characterize a specific situation or thought in the most picturesque way, enhancing her emotional coloring.

Examples of hyperbole in fiction

In fact, such exaggerations are a very old literary device. It was used, and this was almost a thousand years ago. With the help of hyperboles, the strength of the heroes and their opponents was repeatedly strengthened.

The heroic sleep lasted 12 DAYS (well, a person cannot sleep for almost two weeks)
Countless forces stood in the way of the hero - A WOLF WILL NOT OUTRUN THEM IN A DAY, A RAVE WILL NOT FLY FROM THEM IN A DAY (how many enemies should there be - a million?)
The hero waves his hand - A STREET IS AMONG ENEMIES, he waves another - AN ALLEY (that is, with one blow the hero kills several dozen at once)
Ilya Muromets took a club WEIGHTING ONE HUNDRED POUDS (here you must understand that one hundred pounds is one and a half tons)
The Nightingale the Robber whistles - THE FOREST IS STOPPING TO THE GROUND, AND PEOPLE ARE FALLING DEAD (well, this is something out of a fairy tale)

Exactly the same hyperboles occur in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". For example:

“The Russians blocked wide fields with scarlet shields, seeking honor for themselves and glory for the prince” or “The army is such that you can splash the Volga with oars, and scoop up the Don with helmets.”

Among writers, Nikolai Vasilyevich has the most hyperbole Gogol. There are exaggerations in almost every one of his famous work. For example, he describes the Dnieper River:

A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper.
The Dnieper is like a road without end in length and without measure in width.

Or he uses exaggerations in his words, putting them in the mouths of the heroes:

I would destroy you all into flour! (Governor)
Thirty-five thousand couriers alone... The State Council itself is afraid of me. (Khlestakov)

And in " Dead souls" there are these words: "Countless human passions like the sands of the sea."

Almost every writer or poet uses hyperbole. With their help, they, for example, more colorfully describe the character of the heroes of the works or show their author’s attitude towards them.

Moreover, writers often do not use already established expressions, but try to come up with something of their own.

Here's another examples of hyperbole in literature:

And a mountain of bloody bodies prevented the cannonballs from flying (Lermontov)
The sunset glowed with a hundred and forty suns (Mayakovsky)
A million torments (Griboedov)
A decent person is ready to run away to distant lands for you (Dostoevsky)
And the pine tree reaches the stars (Mandelshtam)
In the dream, the janitor became as heavy as a chest of drawers (Ilf and Petrov)

Examples of hyperbole in advertising

Of course, past this interesting reception, which allows enhance the real meaning of words, advertisers couldn’t get through either. A lot of slogans are based on this principle. After all, the task is to attract the client’s attention, while promising “mountains of gold” and in every possible way emphasizing the uniqueness of the product:

Taste on the verge of possible (chewing gum "Stimorol")
Control over the elements (Adidas sneakers)
King of salads (Oliviez mayonnaise)

The principle of hyperbole is also often used in the creation of advertising videos. For example, a series of famous videos about Snickers bars with the slogan “You are not you when you are hungry.” Where various characters turn into completely different people and start doing all sorts of stupid things, and only a candy bar can bring them back to normal.

These commercials clearly exaggerate (greatly exaggerate) the feeling of hunger and the “miraculous” power of Snickers itself.

Well the simplest example The hyperbole that is used in advertising is expressions like “the best”, “the most stylish”, “the most comfortable” and so on, but about prices, on the contrary, they say “the lowest”.

Instead of a conclusion

You can add greater expressiveness and emotional coloring to any expression not only with the help of hyperbole. There is a technique in the Russian language that is its complete opposite. He does not exaggerate, but, on the contrary, reduces the significance.

Before you can blink an eye, the years have already flown by.

This technique is called "". This will be discussed in detail in our next article.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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The meaning of the word HYPERBOLE in the Literary Encyclopedia

HYPERBOLA

[Greek - ??????????] - a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration, aimed at enhancing expressiveness, for example. "I've said this a thousand times." Hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them an appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. (“the waves rose like mountains”). The character or situation portrayed may also be hyperbolic. G. is also characteristic of the rhetorical, oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as

538 romantic style, where pathos meets irony. Of the Russian authors, Gogol is especially inclined to G., from newest poets— Mayakovsky (see “Stylists”).

Literary encyclopedia. 2012

What is hyperbole in Russian?

A stylistic device, the name of which is borrowed from the ancient Greek language and is translated as “exaggeration,” is present in classical and modern works along with metaphor, epithet, metonymy, synecdoche, etc. What is hyperbole in literature? This is a deliberate exaggeration of the properties of phenomena and objects. Language device used in Russian colloquial speech for emotional enhancement, when there is not just the transfer of dry information, a personal assessment of what is happening is emphasized.

The figure of speech was the authors' favorite means of expression folk tales, epic. Stylistic device widely used by writers whose works have become classics of literature. Visual enhancements contain humorous and satirical stories, poetic creativity. Exaggeration is used wherever it is necessary to highlight one or another fact of reality.

Why is exaggeration used in literature?

Hyperbole catches attention, has a stimulating effect on the imagination, makes you look at the facts of reality in a new way, feel their significance and special role. Exaggeration exceeds the limits set by verisimilitude, imbuing a person, thing, or a natural phenomenon supernatural characteristics. expressive means emphasizes the conventionality of the world created by the writer. What is hyperbole in literature? The technique indicates the author’s attitude towards the depicted - sublime, idealistic or, conversely, mocking.

How is artistic exaggeration realized?

To clearly understand what hyperboles are in literature, you need to know the methods of implementing amplification inherent in the text work of art. Expressiveness is achieved by the writer through the use of lexical hyperboles, including the words “completely”, “at all”, “all”. The metaphorical device is based on a figurative comparison. Phraseological hyperboles in literature are set expressions. Quantitative amplification includes a number designation.

Lexical hyperboles

Expressiveness is created in literature through the use of certain words:

completely bad, completely incomprehensible handwriting, no good, everyone knows.

Metaphorical hyperboles

The following phrases contain figurative transfer: the whole world is a theater, a forest of hands, a boundless ocean of love, promise mountains of gold.

Phraseological hyperboles

The following exaggerations are common expressions:

the goat understands, I’ll beat you like a baby, the contract is cheaper than the paper it’s written on.

Quantitative hyperbolas

Numerical exaggerations contain the following expressions:

a thousand things to do for the evening, I warned you a million times, a mountain of folders with papers.

Poetic examples of hyperbole in Russian

Expressiveness poetic work achieved by exaggerating the meaning of sentences:

But I love - for what, I don’t know myself -

Its steppes are coldly silent,

Her boundless forests sway,

The floods of its rivers are like seas (M.Yu. Lermontov)

The sunset glowed with one hundred and forty suns... (V.V. Mayakovsky)

Midnight whirlwind - the hero is flying!

Darkness from his brow, dust whistling from him!

Lightning from the eyes runs ahead,

The oak trees lie in a row behind (G.R. Derzhavin).

Goy, Rus', my dear,

The huts are in the robes of the image...

No end in sight -

Only blue sucks eyes (S. Yesenin).

Literature is rich in means artistic expression that help authors the best way convey your idea to the reader. Thus, when studying the works of classics, students look for epithets, comparisons, personifications in them and try to figure out why the writer used this or that technique. To the number artistic means hyperbole also applies, which we will consider.

Definition

Let's consider what a hyperbole is, examples of which will be given below. This is a special deliberate exaggeration that allows the author to achieve the desired effect. The term is very ancient; the technique began to be used in antiquity. To express hyperbole, linguistic means are used: words, combinations of words and sentences.

The simplest examples

Hyperbole is widely used in Russian. Examples will show that we often use this technique without even paying attention. For example, the words “I’ve already told you a thousand times!” In this case, “a thousand times” is an exaggeration, because the author of the statement, firstly, is unlikely to have said anything so many times. Secondly, she did not count the number of her repetitions. Another example of hyperbole in Russian: “We haven’t seen each other for a hundred years.” Here we are talking about the fact that people did not meet a long period time, but certainly not a hundred years.

By saying that he has a million problems, a person will emphasize that he now has a bad streak in his life, and there is no talk of a clear quantitative description of the problems. There are many similar examples:

“There are a hundred reasons why I still strive to get an education.”
“Grandfather has a thousand ailments, but he still works in the garden.”
“You won’t believe it, yesterday I saw such a big man. Not a man, but an elephant." Here the hyperbole is combined with an element of comparison. A person is like an elephant in terms of weight.
“Sit, work, you’ll earn a million!” There is clearly irony in this example. The speaker greatly exaggerates the earning potential of his opponent and mockingly makes fun of him.
“Are you saying Masha didn’t go to college? Yes, everyone knows this!” The example presents a lexical hyperbole; exaggeration is achieved through the phrase “known to everyone.” It is clear that this is not so, because residents of another city may not know about Masha’s problems, and they are not interested in them.

Often, without paying attention, we use hyperbole. The examples in Russian given above illustrate this idea.

Varieties

There are several types of hyperboles in Russian:

Lexical. Exaggeration is achieved by using the words “completely”, “all”, “absolutely”. For example, a completely useless person, everyone has known this for a long time.
Metaphorical. This is a memorable comparison. For example, the forest of hands, golden mountains.
Phraseological. Use For example, a goat understands.
Quantitative. Using numerals: a million things to do, thousands of ideas.

All these types of exaggerations can be used by native speakers unconsciously, without being perceived as an artistic and stylistic device.

Modern options

Young people often use hyperbole in their speech. There are many examples in Russian:

“We’ve already gone through this 100,500 times! Is it really difficult to remember?
“We still have a carriage and a small cart of time, we’ll do everything.”

Such statements allow you to make speech more figurative and expressive.

From works of art

Writers often use hyperbole. Examples from the literature are quite varied. So, Pushkin very often turned to this technique: “All the flags will come to visit us.”

Yesenin, when creating the image of Rus', used exaggeration: “There is no end in sight, only the blue is sucking the eyes.”

There are hyperboles in Mayakovsky's lyrics:

“In battle I glorify millions, I see millions, I sing millions.”
The poem "Cloud in Pants" ends very in an interesting way, based on the technique of exaggeration: “Hey, you! Sky! Hats off! I'm coming! This helps the poet express the strength and power of the human personality.
Often the poet exaggerates the size human body, creating a capacious and sharp satirical image: “Two arshins of faceless pink dough, head in Kazbek, stomach in the ditch.”

There are several interesting examples hyperbole in Russian, when exaggeration concerns inanimate objects: baobabs to the skies, a kilometer-long sting.

Often, for the effect of exaggeration, the poet uses words in a figurative sense: lump, carcass. Or combinations of words that individually do not have a similar property, but put together create hyperbolization: glasses are bicycles, eyes are two meadows.

An example of hyperbole from literature can be found in the works of other writers: “harem pants, the width of the Black Sea” (Gogol), “we spent four years preparing our escape, we saved three tons of grub” (Vysotsky).

We looked at what hyperbole is and examples of its use by wordsmiths. This technique makes it possible to make the writers’ speech figurative and more expressive, to draw the reader’s attention to any property or feature of the described object or person. Also, it was deliberate exaggeration that often helped the author express his attitude to what was happening.

Hyperbole in literature definition. What is the difference between hyperbole and other literary devices? Linguistic means of understatement

Meaning of the word hyperbole

hyperbole in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Dal Vladimir

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

Examples of the use of the word hyperbole in literature.

Hyperbole is a beautiful exaggeration

Examples of hyperbole in fiction

Examples of hyperbole in advertising

Instead of a conclusion

The meaning of the word HYPERBOLE in the Literary Encyclopedia

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what HYPERBOLE is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

What is hyperbole in Russian?

Why is exaggeration used in literature?

How is artistic exaggeration realized?

Lexical hyperboles

Metaphorical hyperboles

Phraseological hyperboles

Quantitative hyperbolas

Poetic examples of hyperbole in Russian

Definition

The simplest examples

Varieties

Modern options

From works of art