The moon shone with a languid light. General understanding of introductory words and the basic rules for their identification

Stanza XXVIII succinctly and briefly, as Pushkin did, describes one of the postulates of the Russian Domostroy. Young people and children were obliged to obey their parents and respect their will. The principle of seniority was strictly observed. In those years there was no expression “to create poverty.” Workers and assistants were born into peasant families. From an early age, children were taught to do work that was feasible according to their age.

Most Russian peasants were illiterate, but they were well versed in agricultural issues, they knew how, when and what is best to feed livestock, when to sow certain crops. This knowledge was absorbed during conversations at the table, during field work.
However, we digress. Our theme is building a family, love.
Sons were often married early in order to bring an assistant into the house. The parents talked to each other.

The Larin sisters' nanny got married at the age of 13. Her young husband was younger. Most likely, for the first year or two there was no question of any marital relations. But the young people had time to take a closer look and get used to each other. The girl helped her mother-in-law with housework, the young husband worked with the men. We met at the table, at joint work, or in bed. That's how we grew up together. It is understandable why the illiterate nanny perceived her condition as painful.

And, that's it, Tanya! These summers
We haven't heard about love;
Otherwise I would have driven you away from the world
My deceased mother-in-law. -
“How did you get married, nanny?”
- So, apparently, God ordered it. My Vanya
Was younger than me, my light,
And I was thirteen years old.
The matchmaker went around for two weeks
To my family, and finally
My father blessed me.
I cried bitterly out of fear,
They unraveled my braid while crying
Yes, they took me to church singing.

I continue to comment on “Eugene Onegin”
WHERE I AM: The eighteenth stanza of the third chapter. The nanny's story about her marriage.
TEXT:
- And that’s enough, Tanya! These summers
We haven't heard about love;
Otherwise I would have driven you away from the world
My deceased mother-in-law.-
“How did you get married, nanny?”
- So, apparently, God ordered it. My Vanya
Was younger than me, my light,
And I was thirteen years old.
The matchmaker went around for two weeks
To my family, and finally
My father blessed me.
I cried bitterly out of fear,
They unraveled my braid while crying,
Yes, they took me to church singing.
LOTMAN
The romantically minded young lady, as Tatyana is depicted in the third chapter, and the nanny - a middle-aged serf woman - speak different languages ​​and, using the same words, put fundamentally different content into them. Using the word “love,” Tatyana means the girl’s romantic feeling for her chosen one. Nanny didn’t think about any love before marriage. Love for her is the forbidden feeling of a young woman for another man

It is indecent to talk about what constitutes the topic of women’s conversations with a girl (especially a young lady), and the nanny breaks off the conversation (“And that’s it, Tanya!”).

To understand the ethical nuances of Tatiana’s conversation with the nanny, it is necessary to take into account the fundamental difference in the structure of peasant and noble women’s morality of that time. In noble life, the “fall” of a girl before marriage is tantamount to death, and adultery of a married lady is an almost legalized phenomenon; Peasant ethics allowed relative freedom of behavior for a girl before marriage, but considered infidelity by a married woman as a grave sin. 1. Each of the interlocutors talks about forbidden and “disastrous” love, understanding it completely differently.

“It’s curious that in today’s Russia<т. е. во второй половине XIX столетия. - Ю. Л.>There are areas and tribes among which the innocence of a girl is not valued at all. In Mezensky district, no importance is attached to the loss of virginity by a girl before marriage; on the contrary, a girl who has given birth is more likely to get married than to retain her virginity. In Pinega district, Arch. lips and in the Ussuri Cossack villages<т. е. в районах старообрядческого населения, сохранившего наиболее архаические черты народного быта. - Ю. Л.>at parties there is complete freedom of sexual intercourse"
(Zagorovsky A. On divorce according to Russian law Kharkov, 1884, pp. 106-107).

The mention that “Vanya was younger” (6-7) than his bride indicates one of the abuses of serfdom. Wed. in “The History of the Village of Goryukhin”: “Men usually married 20-year-old girls in the 13th year. The wives beat their husbands for 4 or 5 years. After which the husbands began to beat their wives” (VIII, I, 136).
MY INSINUATIONS:
And the nanny, and the heroine’s mother, and Tatyana herself were forced into marriage - and Pushkin jokes and congratulates, not noticing the tragedy in this. “A surprisingly frivolous attitude towards marriage.” And get married in the same manner.

No sighs, no lamentations - cynicism. “What is the difference between Olga’s marriage, because IT’S TIME, from Tanya’s marriage, because FORCED, from the happy marriage, because THEY WILL BE DECEPTED?” Not a topic for tragedy.

The tragedy, the romance, begins later, when the real choice appears - i.e. in the last scene of the novel - “But I was given to another and I will be faithful to him forever.”

But Pushkin did not show us this tragedy and this conflict at all - he joked, joked, and then disappeared. The ending of EO was given by Tolstoy in “Anna Karenina” - he began exactly from the place where Pushkin disappeared - “Vronsky... never say these words to me, and we will be good friends”

“Anna Karenina” is like the ending of “Eugene Onegin”, there is no doubt, after all, Tanya, although in “literature”, in our thoughts could not live out her life as Tatyana Dmitrievna, and Onegin as a minor? - And we got "Anna Karenina"

Current page: 3 (book has 9 pages in total)

Font:

100% +

“I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here!
Open the window and sit with me.” -
“What, Tanya, what’s wrong with you?” - "I'm bored,
Let's talk about antiquity." -
“About what, Tanya? I used to
I kept quite a bit in my memory
Ancient tales, fables
About evil spirits and maidens;
And now everything is dark to me, Tanya:
What I knew, I forgot. Yes,
A bad turn has come!
It’s a lot..." - “Tell me, nanny,
About your old years:
Were you in love then? -

“That’s it, Tanya! These summers
We haven't heard about love;
Otherwise I would have driven you away from the world
My deceased mother-in-law.” -
“How did you get married, nanny?” -
“So, apparently, God ordered. My Vanya
Was younger than me, my light,
And I was thirteen years old.
The matchmaker went around for two weeks
To my family, and finally
My father blessed me.
I cried bitterly out of fear,
They unraveled my braid while crying
Yes, they took me to church singing.

And so they brought someone else into the family...
You’re not listening to me..." -
“Oh, nanny, nanny, I’m sad,
I'm sick, my dear:
I’m ready to cry, I’m ready to cry!..” -
“My child, you are unwell;
Lord have mercy and save!
What do you want, ask...
Let me sprinkle you with holy water,
You’re all burning...” – “I’m not sick:
I... you know, Nanny... is in love.”
“My child, the Lord is with you!” -
And the nanny girl with a prayer
She baptized with a decrepit hand.

“I’m in love,” she whispered again
She is sad for the old lady.
“Dear friend, you are unwell.” -
"Leave me: I'm in love."
And meanwhile the moon was shining
And illuminated with a languid light
Tatiana's pale beauties,
And loose hair,
And drops of tears, and on the bench
Before the young heroine,
With a scarf on his gray head,
An old lady in a long padded jacket:
And everything was dozing in silence
Under an inspiring moon.

And my heart ran far
Tatyana, looking at the moon...
Suddenly a thought appeared in her mind...
“Go ahead, leave me alone.
Give me a pen and paper, nanny.
Yes, move the table; I'll go to bed soon;
Sorry". And here she is alone.
Everything is quiet. The moon is shining on her.
Leaning on her elbows, Tatyana writes.
And everything is on Evgeny’s mind,
And in a thoughtless letter
The love of an innocent maiden breathes.
The letter is ready, folded...
Tatiana! Who is it for?

I knew unattainable beauties,
Cold, clean like winter,
Relentless, incorruptible,
Incomprehensible to the mind;
I marveled at their fashionable arrogance,
Their natural virtues,
And, I admit, I ran away from them,
And, I think, I read with horror
Above their eyebrows is the inscription of hell:
Give up hope forever.
Inspiring love is a problem for them,
It's their joy to scare people.
Perhaps on the banks of the Neva
You've seen ladies like this.

Among obedient fans
I've seen other eccentrics
Selfishly indifferent
For passionate sighs and praise.
And what did I find with amazement?
They, with harsh behavior
Scaring timid love
They knew how to attract her again,
At least regret
At least the sound of speeches
Sometimes it seemed more tender,
And with gullible blindness
Young lover again
I ran after the sweet vanity.

Why is Tatyana more guilty?
Because in sweet simplicity
She knows no deception
And believes in his chosen dream?
Because he loves without art,
Obedient to the attraction of feelings,
Why is she so trusting?
What is gifted from heaven
With a rebellious imagination,
Alive in mind and will,
And wayward head,
And with a fiery and tender heart?
Won't you forgive her?
Are you frivolous passions?

The coquette judges in cold blood,
Tatiana loves seriously
And he surrenders unconditionally
Love like a sweet child.
She doesn’t say: let’s put it aside -
We will multiply the price of love,
Or rather, let’s start it online;
First vanity is stabbed
Hope, there is bewilderment
We'll torture our hearts, and then
We will revive the jealous with fire;
And then, bored with pleasure,
The slave is cunning from the shackles
Ready to break out at all times.

I still foresee difficulties:
Saving the honor of our native land,
I will have to, without a doubt,
Translate Tatiana's letter.
She didn't speak Russian well
I haven’t read our magazines,
And it was difficult to express myself
In your native language,
So, I wrote in French...
What to do! I repeat again:
Until now, ladies' love
Didn't speak Russian
Our language is still proud
I'm not used to postal prose.

I know: they want to force the ladies
Read in Russian. Right, fear!
Can I imagine them?
With “Well-Intentioned” in your hands!
I swear at you, my poets;
Isn't it true: lovely objects,
Who, for their sins,
You wrote poems in secret,
To whom you dedicated your heart,
Isn't that all, in Russian?
Possessing weakly and with difficulty,
He was so cutely distorted
And in their mouths a foreign language
Didn't you turn to your native?

God forbid I get together at the ball
Or while driving around on the porch
With a seminarian in a yellow chalet
Or with an academician in a cap!
Like rosy lips without a smile,
No grammatical error
I don't like Russian speech.
Perhaps, for my misfortune,
New generation of beauties,
The magazines heeded the pleading voice,
He will teach us grammar;
Poems will be put into use;
But I... why should I care?
I will be faithful to the old days.

Incorrect, careless babble,
Inaccurate pronunciation of speeches
Still heart fluttering
They will produce in my breast;
I have no strength to repent,
Gallicisms will be sweet to me,
Like the sins of past youth,
Like Bogdanovich's poems.
But it's complete. It's time for me to get busy
A letter from my beauty;
I gave my word, so what? hey,
Now I'm ready to give up.
I know: gentle guys
Feather is not in fashion these days.

Singer of Feasts and languid sadness,
If only you were with me,
I would become an immodest request
To disturb you, my dear:
So that magical melodies
You shifted the passionate maiden
Foreign words.
Where are you? come: your rights
I bow to you...
But among the sad rocks,
Having weaned my heart from praise,
Alone, under the Finnish sky,
He wanders, and his soul
He does not hear my grief.

Tatiana's letter is in front of me;
I cherish it sacredly,
I read with secret longing
And I can’t read enough.
Who inspired her with this tenderness,
And words of kind negligence?
Who inspired her with touching nonsense,
Crazy heart conversation
Both fascinating and harmful?
I can not understand. But here
Incomplete, weak translation,
The list is pale from a living picture,
Or the pranked Freischitz
By the fingers of timid students:

Tatiana's letter to Onegin

I am writing to you - what more?
What more can I say?
Now I know it's in your will
Punish me with contempt.
But you, to my unfortunate fate
Keeping at least a drop of pity,
You won't leave me.
At first I wanted to remain silent;
Believe me: my shame
You would never know
If only I had hope
At least rarely, at least once a week
To see you in our village,
Just to hear your speeches,
Say your word, and then
Think everything, think about one thing
And day and night until we meet again.
But they say you are unsociable;
In the wilderness, in the village, everything is boring for you,
And we... we don’t shine with anything,
Even though you are welcome in a simple-minded way.

Why did you visit us?
In the wilderness of a forgotten village
I would never have known you
I wouldn't know bitter torment.
Souls of inexperienced excitement
Having come to terms with time (who knows?),
I would find a friend after my heart,
If only I had a faithful wife
And a virtuous mother.
Another!.. No, no one in the world
I wouldn't give my heart!
It is destined in the highest council...
That is the will of heaven: I am yours;
My whole life was a pledge
The faithful's meeting with you;
I know you were sent to me by God,
Until the grave you are my keeper...
You appeared in my dreams,
Invisible, you were already dear to me,
Your wonderful gaze tormented me,
Your voice was heard in my soul
A long time ago... no, it was not a dream!
You barely walked in, I instantly recognized
Everything was stupefied, on fire
And in my thoughts I said: here he is!
Isn't it true? I heard you:
You spoke to me in silence
When I helped the poor
Or she delighted me with prayer
The longing of a worried soul?
And at this very moment
Isn't it you, sweet vision,
Flashed in the transparent darkness,
Quietly leaning against the headboard?
Isn’t it you, with joy and love,
Did you whisper words of hope to me?
Who are you, my guardian angel
Or the insidious tempter:
Resolve my doubts.
Maybe it's all empty
Deception of an inexperienced soul!
And something completely different is destined...
But so be it! my destiny
From now on I give you
I shed tears before you,
I beg your protection...
Imagine: I'm here alone,
Nobody understands me,
My mind is exhausted
And I must die in silence.
I'm waiting for you: with one glance
Revive the hopes of your heart
Or break the heavy dream,
Alas, a well-deserved reproach!
I'm cumming! It's scary to read...
I freeze with shame and fear...
But your honor is my guarantee,
And I boldly entrust myself to her...

Tatyana will sigh, then gasp;
The letter trembles in her hand;
The pink wafer is drying
On a sore tongue.
She leaned her head towards his shoulder.
The light shirt came off
From her lovely shoulder...
But now there's a moonbeam
The glow goes out. There's a valley there
It becomes clearer through the steam. There's a flow
Silvered; there's a horn there
The shepherd wakes up the villager.
It’s morning: everyone got up a long time ago,
My Tatyana doesn't care.

She doesn't notice the dawn
Sits with drooping head
And he doesn’t press on the letter
Your seal is cut out.
But, quietly unlocking the door,
Filipevna is already gray-haired
He brings tea on a tray.
“It’s time, my child, get up:
Yes, you, beauty, are ready!
Oh my early bird!
I was so afraid of this evening!
Yes, thank God, you are healthy!
There is no trace of nighttime melancholy,
Your face is like the color of poppies.” -

"Oh! Nanny, do me a favor.” -
“If you please, dear, give orders.”
“Don’t think... really... suspicion...
But you see... ah! don’t refuse.” -
“My friend, God is your guarantee.” -
“So, let’s go quietly grandson
With this note to O... to that...
To the neighbor... and tell him to
So that he doesn't say a word,
So that he doesn’t call me...” -
“To whom, my dear?
I've become clueless these days.
There are a lot of neighbors around;
Where can I count them? -

“How slow-witted you are, nanny!” -
“Dear friend, I’m already old,
Stara; the mind is growing dull, Tanya;
And then, it happened, I was excited,
It happened that the word of the lord’s will..." -
“Oh, nanny, nanny! before that?
What do I need in your mind?
You see, it's about the letter
To Onegin." - “Well, business, business.
Don't be angry, my soul,
You know, I’m incomprehensible...
Why are you turning pale again?” -
“So, nanny, really, nothing.
Send your grandson.” -

But the day passed and there was no answer.
The other one has arrived: it’s all gone.
Pale as a shadow, dressed in the morning,
Tatyana is waiting: when will the answer be?
Olga, the admirer, has arrived.
“Tell me: where is your friend? -
He had a question from the hostess. -
He somehow completely forgot about us.”
Tatyana flushed and trembled.
“Today he promised to be,”
Lensky answered the old lady:
Yes, apparently the post office was delayed.” -
Tatyana lowered her gaze,
As if hearing an evil reproach.

It was getting dark; on the table, shining,
The evening samovar hissed,
Chinese teapot heating;
Light steam swirled beneath him.
Spilled by Olga's hand,
Through the cups in a dark stream
Already the fragrant tea was running,
And the boy served the cream;
Tatiana stood in front of the window,
Breathing on the cold glass,
Thoughtful, my soul,
She wrote with a pretty finger
On foggy glass
Treasured monogram ABOUT Yes E.

And meanwhile her soul ached,
And the languid gaze was full of tears.
Suddenly there was a stomp!.. her blood froze.
Here's closer! jump... and into the yard
Eugene! "Oh!" – and lighter than a shadow
Tatyana jumped into another hallway,
From the porch to the yard, and straight into the garden,
Flying, flying; look back
He doesn't dare; ran around instantly
Curtains, bridges, meadow,
Alley to the lake, woods,
I broke the siren bushes,
Flying through the flower beds to the stream,
And, out of breath, onto the bench

Fell...
“Here he is! Evgeniy is here!
Oh my God! What did he think!
She has a heart full of torment,
A dark dream keeps hope alive;
She trembles and glows with heat,
And waits: is it coming? But he doesn't hear.
In the maid's garden, on the ridges,
Picking berries in the bushes
And they sang in chorus as ordered
(Order based on
So that the master's berries secretly
Evil lips do not eat
And they were busy singing:
An idea of ​​rural wit!).

Song of the girls

Girls, beauties,
Darlings, girlfriends,
Play around, girls!
Have fun, darlings!
Play a song
The cherished song,
Lure the fellow
To our round dance.
How can we lure the young man?
As we see from afar,
Let's run away, darlings,
Let's throw cherries
Cherry, raspberry,
Red currants.
Don't go eavesdropping
Treasured songs,
Don't go peeking
Our games are girls' ones.

They sing, and, with carelessness
Hearing their ringing voice,
Tatyana waited impatiently,
So that the trembling of her heart subsides,
So that the glow goes away.
But in the Persians there is the same trembling,
And the heat on the cheeks does not go away,
But brighter, brighter it only burns...
So the poor moth shines,
And beats with a rainbow wing,
Captivated by the school naughty boy;
So a bunny trembles in the winter,
Suddenly seeing from afar
Into the bushes of a fallen shooter.

But finally she sighed
And she rose from her bench;
I went, but only turned around
In the alley, right in front of her,
Shining eyes, Evgeniy
Stands like a menacing shadow,
And, as if burned by fire,
She stopped.
But the consequences of an unexpected meeting
Today, dear friends,
I am not able to retell it;
I owe it after a long speech
And take a walk and relax:
I'll finish it sometime later.

Chapter Four

La morale est dans la nature des choses.

I. II. III. IV. V.VI

The less we love a woman,
The easier it is for her to like us
And the more likely we destroy her
Among seductive networks.
Debauchery used to be cold-blooded
Science was famous for love,
Trumpeting about myself everywhere
And enjoying without loving.
But this is important fun
Worthy of old monkeys
Grandfather's vaunted times:
Lovlasov's fame has faded
With the glory of red heels
And stately wigs.

Who isn't bored of being a hypocrite?
Repeat one thing differently
It is important to try to assure that
What everyone has been sure of for a long time,
Still hearing the same objections,
Destroy prejudices
Which were not and are not
A girl at thirteen years old!
Who can't be tired of threats?
Prayers, oaths, imaginary fear,
Notes on six sheets,
Deceptions, gossip, rings, tears,
Supervision of aunts, mothers,
And friendship is difficult between husbands!

That’s exactly what my Eugene thought.
He is in his first youth
Was a victim of stormy delusions
And unbridled passions.
Spoiled by the habit of life,
One is temporarily fascinated,
Disappointed with others
We slowly languish with desire,
We languish with windy success,
Listening in noise and in silence
The eternal murmur of the soul,
Suppressing a yawn with laughter:
This is how he killed eight years old
Losing life's best color.

He no longer fell in love with beauties,
And somehow he was dragging his feet;
If they refused, I was instantly consoled;
They will change - I was glad to relax.
He searched for them without ecstasy,
And left without regret,
Slightly remembering their love and anger.
So definitely an indifferent guest
On whist the evening one arrives,
sits down; game over:
He leaves the yard
Sleeps peacefully at home
And he himself doesn’t know in the morning,
Where will he go in the evening?

But, having received Tanya’s message,
Onegin was deeply touched:
The language of girlish dreams
He was disturbed by a swarm of thoughts;
And he remembered dear Tatyana
Both pale in color and dull in appearance;
And into a sweet, sinless sleep
He was immersed in his soul.
Perhaps the feeling is an ancient ardor
He took possession of it for a minute;
But he didn't want to deceive
The gullibility of an innocent soul.
Now we'll fly to the garden,
Where Tatyana met him.

They were silent for two minutes,
But Onegin approached her
And he said: “You wrote to me,
Don't deny it. I've read
Souls of trusting confession,
Innocent outpouring of love;
Your sincerity is dear to me;
She got excited
Feelings that have long been silent;
But I don’t want to praise you;
I will repay you for it
Recognition also without art;
Accept my confession:
I submit myself to you for judgment.

Whenever life around home
I wanted to limit;
When would I be a father, a husband?
A pleasant lot has decreed;
When would a family picture
I was captivated at least for a single moment, -
That would be true, except for you alone,
I was looking for no other bride.
I will say without madrigal sparkles:
Found my former ideal,
I would probably choose you alone
To the friends of my sad days,
All the best as a pledge,
And I would be happy... as much as I could!

But I am not made for bliss;
My soul is alien to him;
Your perfections are in vain:
I am not worthy of them at all.
Believe me (conscience is a guarantee),
Marriage will be torment for us.
No matter how much I love you,
Having gotten used to it, I immediately stop loving it;
You start crying: your tears
My heart will not be touched
And they will only infuriate him.
You judge what kind of roses
Hymen will prepare for us
And maybe for many days.

What could be worse in the world?
Families where the poor wife
Sad about an unworthy husband,
Alone both day and evening;
Where is the boring husband, knowing her worth
(However, cursing fate),
Always frowning, silent,
Angry and coldly jealous!
That's how I am. And that's what they were looking for
You are a pure, fiery soul,
When with such simplicity,
Did they write to me with such intelligence?
Is this really your lot?
Appointed by strict fate?

There is no return to dreams and years;
I will not renew my soul...
I love you with the love of a brother
And maybe even more tender.
Listen to me without anger:
The young maiden will change more than once
Dreams are easy dreams;
So the tree has its own leaves
Changes every spring.
So, apparently, it was destined by heaven.
You will love again: but...
Learn to control yourself:
Not everyone will understand you like I do;
Inexperience leads to disaster."

This is what Eugene preached.
Through tears, seeing nothing,
Barely breathing, no objections,
Tatyana listened to him.
He offered his hand to her. Sadly
(As the saying goes, mechanically)
Tatyana leaned silently,
Bowing my languid head;
Let's go home around the garden;
They showed up together and no one
I didn’t think of blaming them for that:
Has rural freedom
Your happy rights,
Just like arrogant Moscow.

You will agree, my reader,
What a very nice thing to do
Our friend is with sad Tanya;
Not for the first time he showed here
Souls of direct nobility,
Although people are unkind
Nothing was spared in him:
His enemies, his friends
(Which might be the same thing)
He was honored this way and that.
Everyone in the world has enemies,
But save us from our friends, God!
These are my friends, my friends!
It’s not for nothing that I remembered them.

And what? Yes so. I'm putting you to sleep
Empty, black dreams;
I just in brackets I notice
That there is no despicable slander,
In the attic born a liar
And encouraged by the secular mob,
That there is no such absurdity
Not a square epigram,
Which would be your friend with a smile,
In a circle of decent people,
Without any malice or pretense,
Didn’t repeat the mistake a hundred times;
However, he is a mountain for you:
He loves you so much... like his own!

Hm! hmm! Noble reader,
Are all your relatives healthy?
Allow: maybe, whatever
Now you learn from me,
What exactly does it mean native.
These are the native people:
We must caress them
Love, sincerely respect
And, according to the custom of the people,
About Christmas to visit them
Or send congratulations by mail,
So that the rest of the year
They didn't think about us...
So, may God grant them long days!

But the love of tender beauties
More reliable than friendship and kinship:
Above it and amid the rebellious storms
You retain the rights.
Of course it is. But the whirlwind of fashion
But the waywardness of nature,
But the opinions of the secular stream...
And the sweet floor is as light as feathers.
Moreover, the opinions of the spouse
For a virtuous wife
You must always be respectful;
So your faithful friend
Sometimes I get carried away:
Satan jokes with love.

Whom to love? Who to believe?
Who won't cheat on us alone?
Who measures all deeds and all speeches?
Helpfully to our arshin?
Who doesn’t sow slander about us?
Who cares for us?
Who cares about our vice?
Who never gets bored?
A vain seeker of a ghost,
Without wasting your labors in vain,
Love yourself
My honorable reader!
Worthy item: nothing
There is probably no one more kind than him.

What was the consequence of the date?
Alas, it’s not hard to guess!
Love's mad suffering
Haven't stopped worrying
Young soul, greedy sadness;
No, more than a joyless passion
Poor Tatyana is burning;
Sleep flies from her bed;
Health, color and sweetness of life,
Smile, virgin peace,
Everything is gone, the sound is empty,
And dear Tanya’s youth fades:
This is how the storm's shadow dresses
The day is barely born.

Alas, Tatiana is fading;
It turns pale, goes dark and is silent!
Nothing occupies her
Her soul doesn't move.
Shaking his head importantly,
Neighbors whisper to each other:
It's time, it's time for her to get married!..
But it's complete. I need it quickly
Enliven the imagination
A picture of happy love.
Involuntarily, my dears,
I am constrained by regret;
Forgive me: I love you so much
My dear Tatiana!

From hour to hour, more and more captivated
Olga's young beauty,
Vladimir sweet captivity
Surrendered with all my soul.
He is always with her. In her peace
The two of them sit in the dark;
They are in the garden, hand in hand,
They walk in the morning;
So what? Intoxicated with love,
In the confusion of tender shame,
He only dares sometimes
Encouraged by Olga's smile,
Play with a developed curl
Or kiss the edge of your clothes.

He sometimes reads to Ole
Moral novel,
In which the author knows more
Nature than Chateaubriand,
Meanwhile, two, three pages
(Empty nonsense, fables,
Dangerous for the heart of virgins)
He lets him in, blushing,
Secluded from everyone far away,
They're over the chessboard
Leaning on the table, sometimes
They sit, thinking deeply,
And Lensky pawn rook
Takes one into distraction.

Will he go home: and at home
He is busy with his Olga.
Flying album leaves
Diligently decorates her:
Then they paint rural views,
Gravestone, Temple of Cypris
Or a dove on the lyre
Lightly pen and paint;
That's on the sheets of memory,
Below the signatures of others,
He leaves a tender verse,
A silent monument to dreams,
A momentary thought has a long trail,
Still the same after many years.

Of course, you've seen it more than once
District young lady's album,
That all the girlfriends got dirty
From the end, from the beginning and all around.
Here, in spite of the spelling,
Poems without measure, according to legend,
Contributed as a sign of true friendship,
Reduced, continued.
On the first leaf you meet
Qu'écrirez-vous sur ces tablettes;
And signature: t. b. v. Annette;
And on the last one you will read:
"Who loves more than you,
Let him write further than me.”

Here you will certainly find
Two hearts, a torch and flowers;
Here, surely, you will read the vows
In love to the grave;
Some peeit army
Here a villainous poem came up.
In such an album, my friends,
Frankly, I’m glad to write too,
I am confident in my soul,
That all my zealous nonsense
Will earn a favorable glance
And what then with an evil smile
It won’t be important to take it apart,
Sharply or not, I could have lied.

But you, scattered volumes
From the library of devils,
Great albums
The torment of fashionable rhymers,
You, nimbly decorated
Tolstoy with a miraculous brush
Il Baratynsky's pen,
May God's thunder burn you!
When a brilliant lady
He gives me his in-quarto,
And trembling and anger take me,
And the epigram moves
In the depths of my soul
And write madrigals for them!

Do you know how old the characters in Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" are? This article presents materials about the ages of Evgeny Onegin, Tatyana Larina, Vladimir Lensky and Olga Larina. The information in the article is based on the scientific works of the famous writer Yuri Lotman (see article by Yu. M. Lotman “Internal chronology of “Eugene Onegin””). PLUS DEBRIEFING FROM CARING READERS...
AND ONEGIN WAS RIGHT IN REFUSING THE YOUNG CHILDREN...

See: All materials on “Eugene Onegin” How old are Eugene Onegin, Tatyana Larina, Lensky and Olga in the novel “Eugene Onegin”? (age of heroes)
1. Evgeny Onegin At the time of the duel with Lensky, Evgeny Onegin was 26 years old. At the beginning of the novel, Pushkin also describes a period in Onegin’s life when he was 18 years old: “...Having killed a friend in a duel, / Having lived without a goal, without labor, / Until he was twenty-six years old...”
2. Vladimir Lensky Vladimir Lensky is only 18 years old when he dies in a duel with Onegin: “...let the poet / Fool; at eighteen years old...”
3. Tatyana Larina Tatyana Larina is 17 years old when she writes a letter to Evgeny Onegin. The fact is that the novel does not say anything specific about Tatyana’s age. But Pushkin indicates Tatyana’s age in a letter to P. A. Vyazemsky: “...I’m amazed how Tanya’s letter ended up in your possession [...] if, however, the meaning is not entirely accurate, then all the more there is truth in the letter; a letter from a woman, besides, 17 years old, and in love!..." (Pushkin to Vyazemsky, November 29, 1824)
4. Olga Larina Olga Larina was about 16 years old at the time of the duel between Onegin and Lensky. According to researcher Yu. M. Lotman, Olga was at least 15 years old when she became Lensky’s bride: according to the rules of that time, Olga could not be less than 15 years old. Therefore, Olga was about 16 years old because she is younger than her sister Tatyana, who is 17 years old.

But in the next chapter, after Tatyana’s letter, it is clearly written: “Destroy prejudices, which the girl did not have and does not have at the age of thirteen!” That is, at the time of writing the letter, Tatyana was 13 or even 12 years old... But not 17...

Pushkin did not intend for readers to read letters either to Vyazemsky or to anyone else. Throughout the novel, Tatiana's age is indicated; 13 years old when he writes a letter, and soon his name day is 14 years old. The number 13 is mentioned 2 times (in Pushkin there is nothing random). Question to opponents: are these lines really written about the 17th girl? Or is there something wrong with Pushkin? “But even in these years Tatyana did not pick up dolls; She did not have conversations with her about city news or fashion. And children’s pranks were alien to her.”

And that's it, Tanya! THIS SUMMER
We haven't heard about love;
Otherwise I would have driven you away from the world
My deceased mother-in-law.

IN THIS (that is, Tanya) SUMMER, the nanny has already walked down the aisle. And let me remind you, she was 13 years old.
Onegin, returning from the ball, where he saw the general’s wife, a society lady, for the first time, asks himself:

Is it really the same Tatyana?
That GIRL... Or is this a dream?
That GIRL he
neglected in humble fate?
It wasn't news to you
Humble GIRL love?

Tatyana herself reprimands the hero.

Let's continue reading the fourth chapter, where a 13-year-old girl appeared.

...having received Tanya's message,
Onegin was deeply touched...
Perhaps the feeling is an ancient ardor
He took possession of it for a minute;
But he didn't want to deceive
The gullibility of an innocent soul.

It turns out that Evgeny did not want, like an old depraved monkey, to destroy an innocent girl. And that’s why he refused. Tactfully taking all the blame on himself so as not to injure Tatyana. And at the end of the date he gave the girl good advice:

Learn to control yourself;
Not everyone will understand you like I do;
Inexperience leads to trouble.

I read Alexander Sergeevich carefully and suddenly realized what stupidity we were forced to do at school, tormented over essays about the relationship between Evgeny and Tatyana! Pushkin explained everything himself and himself assessed the actions of his hero.

You will agree, my reader,
What a very nice thing to do
Our friend is with sad Tanya.

***
How old was Olga then, whom 17-year-old Lensky was going to marry? Maximum 12. Where is this written?
In this case, Pushkin only indicated that Olya was the younger sister of 13-year-old Tatyana. A little boy (about 8 years old according to Dahl), Lensky was a touched witness of her INFANT amusement. (Infant - up to 3 years old. From 3 to 7 - child).

We consider: if he was 8 years old, then she was 2-3 years old. By the time of the duel, he was almost 18, she was 12. Do you remember how indignant Lensky was when Olya danced with Onegin?

Just out of diapers,
Coquette, flighty child!
She knows the trick,
I've learned to change!

Of course you are shocked. At that age - and get married?! Don't forget what time it was. Here is what Belinsky wrote in an article about Onegin:

“A Russian girl is not a woman in the European sense of the word, not a person: she is something else, like a bride... She is barely twelve years old, and her mother, reproaching her for laziness, for her inability to behave..., tells her: “Don't be ashamed.” Do you care, madam: you’re already a bride!”

And at 18, according to Belinsky,“she is no longer the daughter of her parents, not the beloved child of their hearts, but a burdensome burden, goods ready to languish, excess furniture, which, just like that, will fall off the price and will not get away with it.”

This attitude towards girls and early marriages are explained not by the savagery of customs, but by common sense, says sexologist Kotrovsky. - Families then, as a rule, had large families - the church prohibited abortion, and there were no reliable contraceptives.

The parents tried to quickly marry the girl (“an extra mouth”) into someone else’s family, while she looked young. And the dowry required for her was less than for a withered maiden. (The age-old girl is like an autumn fly!)

In the case of the Larins, the situation was even more acute. The girls' father died, the brides had to be arranged urgently! Yuri Lotman, a famous literary critic, wrote in his comments to the novel:

“Young noblewomen married early in the 19th century. True, the frequent marriages of 14-15-year-old girls in the 18th century began to go out of common practice, and 17-19 years became the normal age for marriage.
Early marriages, which were the norm in peasant life, were not uncommon at the end of the 18th century for provincial noble life not affected by Europeanization. A. Labzina, an acquaintance of the poet Kheraskov, was married off when she was barely 13 years old.

Gogol's mother was married at 14. However, the young novel reader's first hobbies began much earlier. And the surrounding men looked at the young noblewoman as a woman already at that age at which subsequent generations would have seen in her only a child.

The 23-year-old poet Zhukovsky fell in love with Masha Protasova when she was 12. The hero of “Woe from Wit” Chatsky fell in love with Sophia when she was 12-14 years old.”

**

In Russian literature there is only one heroine who, in the love of readers, comes close to Tatyana Larina. Natasha from War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy.

Also a noblewoman. We meet the girl for the first time on her name day. In love with officer Drubetsky, she caught Boris in a secluded place and kissed him on the lips. Embarrassed Boris also confessed his love to the girl, but asked not to kiss her again for 4 years. “Then I will ask for your hand.”

Natasha began to count with her thin fingers: “Thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen.” She was 13.
The situation is exactly like in Eugene Onegin. But it does not cause controversy. And at this time, her father, Count Rostov, recalls in small talk that their mothers got married at the age of 12 - 13. "

Arrange all the not-to-one-hundred signs of pre-pi-na-tion: indicate the number(s), in place of which one(s) in the sentence there should be one hundredth place(s).

“And that’s it (1) Tanya! These summers

We haven't heard of love;

Otherwise I would have been driven out of the world

I (2) have no blood.” -

“How did you get married (3) nanny?” -

“So (4) it is clear (5) God commanded. My Vanya

Mo-lo-was me (6)my light (7)

And I was three-twenty years old.

Are there two ho-di-la matchmaker

To my relatives, and (8) finally (9)

My father blessed me.

I cried bitterly out of fear,

I (10) with crying (11) let out my braid

Yes, we'll sing to the church.

(Alexander Pushkin)

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Let's give the correct spelling.

"And it's complete, Tanya! These summers

We haven't heard about love;

Otherwise I would have driven you away from the world

My deceased mother-in-law.” -

“How did you get married? nanny?» -

"So, it is seen, God commanded. My Vanya

Was younger than me my light,

And I was thirteen years old.

The matchmaker went around for two weeks

To my family, and finally

My father blessed me.

I cried bitterly out of fear,

They unraveled my braid while crying

Yes, they took me to church singing.

Commas 1, 3, 6 and 7 for references; 4 and 5 for introductory words. The word “finally” is not introductory; it does not end a series of enumerations and is not final in this series.

Answer: 134567

Answer: 134567

Relevance: Current academic year

Difficulty: normal

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are grammatically unrelated to the members of the sentence

Rule: Task 18. Introductory words and appeal

Task 18 tests the ability to put punctuation marks on words that are grammatically unrelated to the sentence. These include introductory words (constructions, phrases, sentences), plug-in constructions and addresses

In the Unified State Exam 2016-2017, one part of tasks 18 will be presented in the form of a narrative sentence with introductory words

The dacha (1) can be (2) called the cradle from which for each of us the comprehension of the world began, initially limited to the garden, then to the huge street, then to the plots and (3) finally (4) to the entire country side.

The other part (judging by the demo version and the book by I.P. Tsybulko Standard Examination Materials 2017) will look like this:

Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Listen (1)maybe (2)when we leave

Forever this world, where our souls are so cold,

Perhaps (3) in a country where they do not know deception,

You (4) will be an angel, I will become a demon!

Swear then to forget (5) dear (6)

For a former friend, all the happiness of heaven!

Let (7) the gloomy exile, condemned by fate,

It will be heaven for you, and you will be the universe for me!

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Let's look at the rules and concepts necessary to complete this type of task.

17.1 General concept of introductory words and the basic rule for highlighting them.

Introductory words are words (or phrases) that are not grammatically related to the sentence and introduce additional semantic nuances. For example: Obviously, communication with children develops many good qualities in a person; Fortunately, the secret remains a secret.

These meanings are conveyed not only by introductory words, but also introductory sentences. For example: Evening, Do you remember, the blizzard was angry... (Pushkin).

The introductory units are adjacent to plug-in structures, which contain various additional comments, amendments and clarifications. Plug-in constructions, like introductory ones, are not related to other words in the sentence. They abruptly break the sentence. For example: Foreign Literature Magazines (two) I ordered to be sent to Yalta ; Masha talked to him about Rossini (Rossini was just coming into fashion), about Mozart.

The main mistake of most writers is related to inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be highlighted, and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker’s feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to chagrin, to horror, unfortunately, what good...

2. introductory words expressing the speaker’s assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, undoubtedly, of course, indisputably, obviously, certainly, probably, perhaps, truly, perhaps, should be, it seems, in all likelihood, apparently, essentially, essentially, I think... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.

3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts presented and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand… This group is also quite large and insidious.

4. introductory words indicating techniques and ways of forming thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, or rather, more precisely, so to speak...

5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, according to..., according to rumors, according to information..., in opinion..., in my opinion, I remember...

6. introductory words representing the speaker’s address to the interlocutor: you see, you know, understand, forgive, please agree...

7. introductory words indicating an assessment of the measure of what is being said: at most, at least...

8. introductory words showing the degree of commonality of what was said: it happens, it happens, as usual...

9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the statement: All jokes aside, it’s funny to say, to be honest, between you and me...

17.1. 1 THE following words ARE NOT INTRODUCTORY WORDS and therefore are not set off with commas in the letter:

literally, as if, in addition, suddenly, after all, here, there, hardly, after all, ultimately, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which are most often mistakenly isolated as introductory ones.

by tradition, by advice..., by direction..., by request..., by order..., by plan... - these combinations act as non-isolated (not separated by commas) members of the sentence:

On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University.

By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet.

17.1. 2 Depending on the context, the same words can act either as introductory words or as members of a sentence.

MAYBE and COULD BE, MUST BE, IT SEEMED (SEEMED) act as introductory ones if they indicate the degree of reliability of what is being reported:

Maybe, will I come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; May be, he is ill. You, there must be, this is the first time you encounter such a phenomenon. I, Seems, I saw him somewhere.

The same words can appear as predicates:

What can meeting you bring me? How can a person be so unnecessary! This should be your own decision. This all seems very suspicious to me. Note: you can never remove its predicate from a sentence, but the introductory word can.

OBVIOUSLY, POSSIBLY, VISIBLY turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement:

You, obviously, do you want to apologize for your actions? Next month I Maybe, I'm going to go on vacation. You, it is seen, do you want to tell us the whole truth?

These same words can be included in predicates:

It became obvious to everyone that we needed to look for another way to solve the problem. This became possible thanks to the coordinated actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.

SURELY, TRUE, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of what is being reported (in this case they are interchangeable or can be replaced with words of this group that are close in meaning) - You, probably (=must be), and you don’t understand how important it is to do it on time. You, right, is that same Sidorov? She, exactly, was a beauty. All these discussions naturally, so far only our assumptions.

These same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He translated the text correctly (= correctly, circumstance of the course of action). I don’t know for sure (=certainly, the circumstance of the course of action), but he had to do it to spite me. The student accurately (=correctly) solved the problem. This naturally (=naturally) led us to the only correct answer.

BTW is an introductory word if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He's a good athlete. By the way, he studies well too.

This same word does not act as an introductory word in the meaning of “at the same time”:

I'll go for a walk, by the way, I'll buy some bread.

BY THE WAY it turns out to be an introductory word, indicating the connection of thoughts:

Her parents, friends and by the way, best friend is against the trip.

This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context:

He made a long speech, in which he among other things noted that he would soon become our boss.

FIRST OF ALL, as an introductory word, it indicates the connection of thoughts:

First of all(=firstly), is it necessary to raise such a sensitive topic at all?

The same word can act as an adverbial adverb of time (= first):

First of all, I want to say hello from your parents.

It must be said that in the same phrase “first of all” can be considered either introductory or not, depending on the will of the author.

REALLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, UNCONDITIONALLY, ACTUALLY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of what is being reported:

From this hill really(=exactly, in fact, without any doubt), the best view opened up. Undoubtedly(=really, really), your child is capable of music. He, undoubtedly, read this novel. - or to the method of forming thoughts - Here, actually, and the whole story.

The same words are not introductory if they appear in other meanings:

I really am what you imagined me to be (=in reality, in fact). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= without a doubt, in fact). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (=very, quite right). I had nothing actually against the school, but I didn’t want to go to this one (=in general, exactly). The words “really” and “unconditionally,” depending on the intonation proposed by the speaker, can be either introductory or not in the same context.

AND, Then, she turned out to be a celebrity. Further, we will tell you about our conclusions. Thus(=so), our results do not at all contradict those obtained by other scientists. She's smart, beautiful and, finally, she is very kind to me. What, in the end, what do you want from me? Typically, sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations; the words themselves have the meaning “and also.” In the context above, the words “firstly”, “secondly”, “on the one hand”, etc. may appear. “Thus” in the meaning of the introductory word turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the conclusion.

The same words are not highlighted as introductory in the meanings: “in this way” = “in this way”:

In this way he was able to move the heavy cabinet.

Typically, time adverbials, such as “first,” are found in the previous context. "Later" = "then, after that":

And then he became a famous scientist.

“Finally” = “at the end, finally, after everything, as a result of everything”:

Finally, all matters were successfully completed. Usually in this meaning the particle “-that” can be added to the word “finally”, which cannot be done if “finally” is an introductory word. In the same meanings as indicated above for “finally”, the combination “in the end” is not introductory:

In the end (= as a result) an agreement was reached.

HOWEVER, it is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence:

Rain, however, was already in its second week, despite weather forecasters’ forecasts. How cleverly I however!

“However” does not turn out to be introductory at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a part of a complex sentence when it acts as an adversative conjunction (=but): However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We didn't expect to meet, but we were lucky.

Please note that sometimes the word “however” can appear at the beginning of a sentence, but not serve as a conjunction: However, it's incredibly difficult.

GENERALLY is introductory in the sense of “generally speaking” when it indicates the way thoughts are formed:

His works, at all, is of interest only to a narrow circle of specialists. In other meanings, the word “in general” is an adverb meaning “in general, completely, in all respects, under all conditions, always”:

Ostrovsky is for Russian theater what Pushkin is for literature in general. According to the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.

In my opinion, in your opinion, in our opinion, in your opinion, they are introductory, indicating the source of the message:

Your child, In my, caught a cold. This, In your, proves something? The word “in his own way” is not introductory: He is right in his own way.

OF COURSE is most often introductory, indicating the degree of reliability of the statement:

We, Certainly, are ready to help you with everything.

Sometimes this word is not isolated if it is intonationally highlighted with a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word “of course” is considered an intensifying particle: I certainly would have agreed if you had warned me in advance.

IN ANY CASE, it is more often introductory and used for evaluation:

I, anyway, I would not like to remember this. These words, anyway, indicate the seriousness of his attitude to life.

In the meaning “always, under any circumstances” this combination is not introductory:

I anyway was supposed to meet him today and talk to him.

IN REALLY, more often than not, it is NOT introductory, speaking in the sense of “really” - Petya is really good at computers. I really have nothing to do with this. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - What are you, Indeed, are you pretending to be a smart guy?

IN TURN it can be introductory when it indicates a connection of thoughts or a way of forming a thought:

Among the many contemporary writers, Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in its turn, we can especially highlight “Novel”. Having asked me to help him with his work, he in its turn, also did not mess around. The same phrase can be non-introductory in the meaning “in response”, “for one’s part” (= when it’s the turn) - Masha, in turn, talked about how she spent the summer.

MEANS is introductory if it can be replaced by the words “therefore”, “therefore”:

The message is complex Means, it must be submitted today. The rain has already stopped Means, we can go for a walk. If she fights us so hard, Means, she feels she is right.

This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to “means”:

The dog means more to him than his wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him in everything. “So” can appear between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed by infinitives. In this case, a dash is placed before “means”:

To be offended means to admit that you are weak. To be friends means to trust your friend.

ON THE CONTRARY, it is introductory if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He didn't want to offend her, but vice versa, tried to ask her for forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she vice versa, sits at home all day.

The combination “and vice versa”, which can act as a homogeneous member of a sentence, is not an introductory combination; it is used as a word that replaces a whole sentence or part of it:

In spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes become brunettes). The more you study, the higher grades you get, and vice versa (i.e. if you study little, the grades will be bad; the comma before “and” ends up at the end of the sentence - it’s like a complex sentence, where “on the contrary” replaces its second Part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (i.e. I will fulfill it, there is no comma before “and”, since “on the contrary” replaces a homogeneous subordinate clause).

AT LEAST is introductory if evaluation matters:

Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick his teeth with a fork.

This phrase can be used in the meaning “no less than”, “at least”, then it is not isolated:

At least she will know that her father did not live his life in vain. At least five from the class must take part in cross-country skiing.

FROM VIEWPOINT is introductory meaning “in opinion”:

From my grandmother's point of view, a girl shouldn't wear trousers. Her answer from the examiners' point of view, worthy of the highest praise.

The same phrase can have the meaning “in relation to” and then it is not introductory:

The work is going according to plan in terms of timing. If we evaluate the behavior of the heroes of some literary works from the point of view of modern morality, then it should be considered immoral.

IN PARTICULAR, it stands out as an introductory one if it indicates the connection of thoughts in a statement: She is interested in in particular, the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The company takes an active part in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187.

If the combination IN PARTICULAR happens to be at the beginning or at the end of the connecting structure, then it is not separated from this structure (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section):

I love books about animals, particularly dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, vacationed in Spain this summer. The specified combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the conjunction “and” with the word “in general”:

The conversation turned to politics in general and, in particular, to the latest government decisions.

It is MAINLY introductory when it serves to evaluate a fact and highlight it in a statement: The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, add such chapters to it... The room was used on special occasions and, mainly, for organizing ceremonial dinners.

This combination may be part of a connecting structure; in this case, if it appears at its beginning or end, it is not separated from the structure itself by a comma:

Many Russian people mainly representatives of the intelligentsia did not believe the government's promises.

In the meaning of “first of all”, “most of all” this combination is not introductory and is not isolated:

He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. What I like about him mainly is his attitude towards his parents.

FOR EXAMPLE, it will always be introductory, but it is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides:

Pavel Petrovich is a person extremely attentive to his appearance, For example, he takes good care of his nails. If “for example” appears at the beginning or at the end of an already isolated member, then it is not separated from this phrase by a comma:

In many big cities, For example in Moscow, an unfavorable environmental situation is developing. Some works of Russian writers, For example"Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace" served as the basis for the creation of feature films not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after “for example” there can be a colon if “for example” comes after a generalizing word before a series of homogeneous members:

Some fruits can cause allergies, For example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

17.1.3 There are special cases of placing punctuation marks with introductory words.

To highlight introductory words and sentences, not only commas, but also dashes, as well as combinations of dashes and commas can be used.

These cases are not included in the high school course and are not used in Unified State Examination tasks. But some phrases that are often used need to be remembered. Here are examples from Rosenthal's Punctuation Handbook.

So, if the introductory combination forms an incomplete construction (a word is missing that is restored from the context), then it is highlighted with a comma and a dash: Makarenko repeatedly emphasized that pedagogy is based On the one side, on unlimited trust in a person, and with another- high demands placed on him; Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: On the one side to give the horses a rest, with another- to relax and refresh yourself(the comma before the subordinate clause is “absorbed” by the dash); On the one side, it was important to make an urgent decision, but caution was required - with another.

17.2 General concept of circulation and the basic rule for its isolation.

For the first time included in the Unified State Examination tasks in 2016-2017. Students will have to look for appeals in poetic works, which makes the task much more difficult.

Addresses are words that name the person to whom the speech is addressed. The address has the form of the nominative case and is pronounced with a special intonation: Tatiana, dear Tatiana! With you now I'm shedding tears. Addresses are usually expressed by animate nouns, as well as adjectives and participles in the meaning of nouns. For example: Take advantage of life living . In artistic speech, inanimate nouns can also be addresses. For example: Make noise, make noise, obedient sail ; Don't make noise rye, ripe ear.

Personal pronouns You And You, as a rule, act not as a reference, and as the subject: Sorry, peaceful valleys, and you , familiar mountain peaks, and you , familiar forests!

17.1.2. There are also more complex rules for highlighting requests.

1. If the address at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it (the word following the address is written with a capital letter): Old man! Forget about the past; Young native of Naples! What did you leave on the field in Russia?

2. If the address is at the end of a sentence, then a comma is placed before it, and after it - the punctuation mark required by the content and intonation of the sentence: Think about it master of culture; Hello to you, people of peaceful labor!; Are you here, cute?; You're a pig brother…

3.Repeated requests are separated by a comma or exclamation point: The steppe is wide, the steppe is deserted, why are you looking so gloomy?; Hello, wind, a menacing wind, a tailwind of world history!; Vaska! Vaska! Vaska! Great!

4. Homogeneous addresses connected by a union And or Yes, are not separated by commas: Sing, people, cities and rivers! Sing, mountains, steppes and fields!; Hello, sunshine and a cheerful morning!

5. If there are several addresses to one person located in different places in the sentence, each of them is separated by commas: Ivan Ilyich, give orders, brother, about snacks; ...I because Thomas, isn't it better, Brother, breake down?

6. If a common address is “broken” by other words - members of the sentence, then each part of the address is separated by commas according to the general rule: Tighter, horse, hit, hoof, minting a step! ; For blood and tears, thirsty for retribution, we see you, forty-first year.