Golden gates to ancient Rus'. VI

IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM Read the text of the lesson's problem on page 32.
What were the travelers called?
Ancient Rus'?
"Land of Cities"
Where did most of the inhabitants of Ancient Rus' live?
Golden Gate
in Vladimir.
In the village.
What contradiction do you notice?
There were few cities, but Rus' was called the "country of cities."
What is the question?

DISCOVERING NEW KNOWLEDGE

DISCOVERING NEW KNOWLEDGE

DISCOVERING NEW KNOWLEDGE

DISCOVERING NEW KNOWLEDGE

WE APPLY NEW KNOWLEDGE

WE APPLY NEW KNOWLEDGE

WE APPLY NEW KNOWLEDGE

Information sources:

One of the oldest architectural monuments of Kievan Rus is the well-known Golden Gate in the capital of Ukraine, the city of Kyiv. Their construction dates back to the "golden era" of Yaroslav the Wise - during this period, Kievan Rus was at the zenith of its power.
Initially, the Golden Gate was built as part of a defensive structure that was supposed to protect Kyiv from enemy attacks. Over time, the boundaries of the city were pushed back, the gates were destroyed, and soon lost their defensive function. The exact date of construction by the thief is called 1037, just when the construction of protective ramparts around the city walls and the famous Kyiv Cathedral of St. Sophia was completed.

The Golden Gate is one of the oldest cultural monuments that has survived to this day. It is not in vain that it is included in the list of the most valuable cultural monuments of UNESCO, because this building is an example of ancient Russian architecture, built in an adapted Byzantine style.

As already mentioned, these gates were built during the time of Yaroslav, in the same period as the Hagia Sophia. Since then, they did not suffer serious destruction until 1240, when the horde of Batu Khan broke into Kyiv and destroyed the city. The Golden Gate was destroyed almost to the very foundation. Historians have drawn this conclusion from the notes and sketches of European travelers. Their first name is “Southern”, as they were located on the southern wall of the city of Kyiv. In general, many gates led to the ancient Russian capital from different sides, the main of them were Lyadsky, Southern (Golden) and Lvov.

The Golden Gate was originally made of stone. The building was made according to the technological process of hybrid masonry, known to her in Antiquity. The procedure involved the laying of stones, interspersed with layers of plinth for leveling. This distinctive feature of the masonry is noticeable in the texture of the walls.

The Golden Gate was intended to be a part of the defensive structure of the central gates of Kyiv. They were a three-dimensional arch, above which was the Church of the Annunciation, and below - a battlefield. Every visitor saw that Kyiv is a city of Christians. This work of architectural art amazed the inhabitants of the city and wanderers, and it was supposed to inspire horror and fear in its enemies with its majesty. They were also a kind of Arc de Triomphe - through them princes with squads returning from a military campaign entered the city.

Restoration work on the Golden Gate began in 1832. Now they no longer perform a defensive function, but become a national historical monument, a monument of ancient architecture and military art. Further research by archaeologists and the restoration of the historical monument continued at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1970, it was decided to build a pavilion over the gates, which would save them from further natural destruction.

To date, the Golden Gate in Kyiv is a cultural and historical museum. Those who visit this museum will be shown the internal structure of the Golden Gate, introduced to historical monuments and exhibits of Ancient Rus', told about the city of Kiev, its history, and about the building itself in a historical context.

Also, from the guides, you will definitely hear a legend related to the events in Kyiv in 1240. In this year, Batu Khan gathered a huge horde and attacked Rus'. Kyiv did not give up longer than all other cities. According to legend, the most skillful of the Kiev archers, 18-year-old Mikhailik, seeing how Batu was taking lunch with his entourage on Vyshgorodskaya Gora during the siege of Kiev, shot him in the arm with a note tied to it demanding to immediately lift the siege from the city. Frightened and angry, Batu demanded that the besieged give him a young man, and the frightened residents of the city, in turn, submitted. Mikhailik addressed the residents with a speech in which he said that if he had remained in the city, the Tatars would not have taken him forever.

The guides will offer you to climb to the entrance platform in front of the Church of the Annunciation. From there it opens a magnificent view of the surroundings - the historical part of the city of Kyiv.

Teacher: - What is the mood like?

Children: - In! (shows who is in what mood)

There are red leaves in front of you. Write: what are you afraid of, what worries you. Pin these papers to the board.

And on yellow - what do you expect from the lesson.

Now join hands, close your eyes and feel each other. You are together, you are a team! Open your eyes, smile, wish each other good luck, tune in to the working mood and ... good luck!

Teacher: - What is the mood like?

Preparation for work at the main stage.

We continue to travel through Ancient Rus'.

What is the topic of our today's lesson? Read.(slide 1)

Do you understand the topic? What questions would you like to ask the author? (Why were gates needed in Ancient Rus'? Did they exist? Were they really golden?)

Let's try to answer the first question:

What do you know about Ancient Rus'? When did the state emerge? (This is a state. Formed in 882 as a result of the unification of cities?).

What was the territory of the ancient Russian state? Were gates necessary?

Why are the gates called "golden"? (children's answers)

In the city of VladimirThis city is named after its founder Vladimir Monomakh.)the main gate was also called “golden”, but whether they were actually made of gold, no one knows for sure until now.

Contradiction:“The gates are called “golden”, and what material they were made of is unknown.”

Are all the things we call gold made of gold? Explain the expressions: "golden hands", "golden heart".

So why were the gates called "golden"? (special, main, important) (In the old days, gates led to the city. The most solemn ones were called Golden. Many legends are associated with them, the most honored guests entered through them, the enemy tried to enter the city through them to demonstrate his victory.The Golden Gate served the city at the same time as a defense hub and a solemn entrance. Their powerful white-stone cube, cut through by a huge arch and highly crowned with a golden-domed church, is a remarkable building of fortress architecture.(slide 2)

your assumptions.

So, what do they want to tell us about? (about something special, very important and main)

What is the purpose of our lesson? (Learn: what is there behind the gate?)slide 3

To find answers to our questions, let's work in groups. (Each group receives a piece of paper with a task):

Task 1 group:

Task 2 group: Read the text and answer the questions:

Task 4 group :

Who are monks?

Task 5 group :

Primary check of understanding of what has been studied (demonstration of the work of groups) slide 4

Teacher: Look back at our ancestors

On the heroes of the past.

Remember them with a kind word -

Glory to them, tough fighters!

Glory to our side!

Glory to Russian antiquity!

And about this old

I'll start telling

So that people can know

About the affairs of the native land ...

Performance of the 1st group. (slide 5)

In the table: merchants, artisans, peasants

- Artisans - craftsmen who forged tools and weapons from iron, molded beautiful dishes from clay, sewed clothes, built houses, churches.
Artisans were engaged in blacksmithing, others sculpted clay pots, others were carpenters, others made gold and silver utensils, various decorations.Merchants hot pies with hare and mushrooms, pancakes with honey were sold directly from the stalls.
visiting peasants directly from the carts they sold wax in bags, honey in tubs, furs (animal skins used for fur), leather, fish, and vegetables.

Group 2 performance. (slide 6)

In the table: merchants

Merchant - traded various goods, traveled to distant countries and brought outlandish things.

Foreign merchants sold amber, bright fabrics, shiny helmets, expensive clothes, colorful carpets, silver and gold vessels, wines, fragrant herbs.
Russian merchants offered their customers grain, swords with patterns on the blade and a jeweled handle, ingenious locks with springs, chain mail shirts woven from small but strong rings, and fur.

Teacher: There are many Orthodox churches in Russia. They reveal the soul of the Russian people, love for their land. They were built in the most beautiful places and impressed with their huge size, austerity and exceptional beauty of the interior decoration.

Slide 7-10 Mosaic

The walls are paintedfrescoes

Teacher. altar, icons (iconostasis). Royal Doors.

Read the text of the textbook on p.34 (starting from the last paragraph) and on p. 35 (up to the section “Learning to learn is always useful”). Answer the questions:
1. What did the temples look like inside? What was on the walls?
2. How do frescoes differ from icons?
3. Why do people go to the temple?

What do you think an icon is?

Icon - (translated from Greek - image, image) the sacred image of Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, saints or angels, as well as the events of Sacred History. The icon, being the main shrine, is called upon to rivet the eyes of those who pray. In ancient manuscripts about the icon it is said: “Its beauty is unspeakable, and it is written marvelously.”The writing of icons was considered a charitable deed.

In ancient Rus', icon painters paint icons on wooden boards. To paint icons, one had to have talent, to know the secret of making paints, because they were painted for centuries. Many people believed and still believe that icons can work miracles.

A real icon painter had to be a righteous person, an outstanding personality: to have the talent of an artist, the knowledge of a theologian. A woman, as well as a person of a different faith, could not become an icon painter. In Rus', icon painters were treated with great respect. Before starting work on the icon, the artist fasted, went to the bath the day before, put on a clean shirt. Getting to work, the icon painter offered up a prayer to God, asking him for grace for his labors.

Student. - The most revered icon in Rus' was the image of the Mother of God with a baby in her arms. This icon is calledOur Lady of Vladimir and became a kind of symbol of Rus' - the greatest Russian shrine (currently it is stored in the Tretyakov Gallery). Our Lady of Vladimir is one of the most perfect works of world art.

The plot of the icon is eternal, like life itself, and touching, like love. The Christ Child embraced the Mother of God by the neck and tenderly pressed his cheek to her face. The face of the Mother of God is amazing and unique. The deepest grief and sadness of the mother, who foresaw the cruel fate of her son, was imprinted in her eyes. Love and sadness - two feelings conveyed by a brilliant Byzantine master. The mother feels the fate of her child.

There is a story associated with it. In 1395, a new danger loomed over Russia. The invincible commander of Asia Tamerlane moved his innumerable hordes to the Russian lands. The son of Dmitry Donskoy Vasily ordered to bring the icon from Vladimir to Moscow. And the incredible happened: Tamerlane's army turned and went home.

What cultural values ​​were considered? . - Icons, frescoes, mosaics.

. - How to call in one word? . - Painting.

Cyril and Methodius

Student.

Teaches. The creators of the Cyrillic alphabet, Cyril and Methodius, for their ascetic activity, the brothers were canonized as saints. Cyrillic letters in their style did not quite resemble modern ones. The letter A was called "az", the letter B - "beeches". From their name came the word "alphabet".

Most of the ancient written sources that have come down to us are written with these letters - Cyrillic.

What written sources do you know?

chronicle - a record of the events of Russian history, arranged by year. It was the chronicles that preserved for us the memory of the times of Ancient Rus' - a strong state in which a rich and vibrant culture was created.

Why were they called that?

. - The year was then called "summer", so the annual record was called a chronicle.

. - Who wrote chronicles?

. - But chronicles were written most often by monks, i.e. people who have dedicated their lives to the service of God.

. - When did chronicle writing begin in Rus'?

. - This type of literature was widespread in the 11th - 17th centuries.

All books were handwritten: they did not yet know how to print them. In the XII century. In Rus', they still did not know how to make paper. Most of the books were written on parchment - specially treated calfskin or sheepskin. Parchment is a very expensive material.

Parchment - processed calf skins that were used for writing.

Teacher. - What is the name of the most famous chronicle?

Slide 20. Student. - One of the ancient Russian chronicles "The Tale of Bygone Years" was compiled in the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery by the monk Nestor, which tells about the birth of the Old Russian state. Chronicles tell about our ancient history.

Teacher. - What else did the Slavs use to record everyday decrees, letters, expenses?

Student. - Birch bark - birch bark.

What do we consider cultural values? Chronicles, ancient Russian books.

. - How to call in one word? - Writing.

Fizminutka.

Imagine that we went to the forest for birch bark for writing.

We met a river. Movements are fluid and soft. We swim across it.

And now on the way a thick thicket. You have to go through it. The movements are strong, chopping.

Looking for a birch We move our eyes in different directions.

We found a birch. We cut the bark. Making a sharp writing stick.

5. Generalization of the received knowledge. Problem solving expression.

So what's behind the gate? (cities, people, occupations, products, temples, i.e.culture)

What do you understand by the word "culture"? (children's answers)

Check your guesses with the dictionary in the textbook on p. 141. In the same place, find what "monuments of culture" are. What can be attributed to them?

What are cultural monuments for us? (historical springs, sources)Why is it necessary to take care of cultural monuments?

How else could we formulate the topic of our lesson? ("Monuments of culture")

Ancient Rus' was called the country of cities. Consult in groups and offer your answers (Cities are the centers of the entire life of the state. They were beautiful, unusual, many people had the impression that the entire population lives in cities)

6. Control and self-control of knowledge.

Solving a crossword puzzle (in groups)

Horizontally:

2. The main part of the temple

3. Kirill's brother

4. Old Church Slavonic alphabet

Vertically:

7. Reflection.

Our lesson is coming to an end.

"I found out…",

"I was surprised..."

"I remembered…",

"I wanna know …".

8. Information about homework:

P.32-37, vol. No. 1.2, 3 p.12-13

Task number 3 on p. 37 textbooks

Horizontally:

2. The main part of the temple

3. Kirill's brother

4. Old Church Slavonic alphabet

6. Image made with paints

7. The man who dedicated his life to God

8. What was written in Ancient Rus'

Vertically:

1. The city in which the Golden Gate is located

5. Recording the events of Russian history by years

Horizontally:

2. The main part of the temple

3. Kirill's brother

4. Old Church Slavonic alphabet

6. Image made with paints

7. The man who dedicated his life to God

8. What was written in Ancient Rus'

Vertically:

1. The city in which the Golden Gate is located

5. Recording the events of Russian history by years

Horizontally:

2. The main part of the temple

3. Kirill's brother

4. Old Church Slavonic alphabet

6. Image made with paints

7. The man who dedicated his life to God

8. What was written in Ancient Rus'

Vertically:

1. The city in which the Golden Gate is located

5. Recording the events of Russian history by years

Horizontally:

2. The main part of the temple

3. Kirill's brother

4. Old Church Slavonic alphabet

6. Image made with paints

7. The man who dedicated his life to God

8. What was written in Ancient Rus'

Vertically:

1. The city in which the Golden Gate is located

5. Recording the events of Russian history by years

Horizontally:

2. The main part of the temple

3. Kirill's brother

4. Old Church Slavonic alphabet

6. Image made with paints

7. The man who dedicated his life to God

8. What was written in Ancient Rus'

Vertically:

1. The city in which the Golden Gate is located

5. Recording the events of Russian history by years

Task 1 group: Read the text and answer the questions:
1. Who are artisans? (check your guess in the dictionary p. 142)
2. What products did the artisans sell? (list)
3. Who are the peasants? What did they trade?
Kyiv was then divided into two districts. The part that stretched along the river valley was called Podol. And along the high bank of the Dnieper stretched the Upper City. Merchants and artisans lived in Podil.
Craftsmen were engaged in blacksmithing, others sculpted clay pots, others were carpenters, others made gold and silver utensils, various decorations. Merchants sold hot pies with hare and mushrooms, pancakes with honey directly from the stalls.
Visiting peasants sold wax in bags, honey in tubs, furs (animal skins used for fur), leather, fish, and vegetables directly from the carts.

Task 2 group: Read the text and answer the questions:
1. Who are merchants? (check your guess in the dictionary p.140)
2. What did foreign merchants trade in?
3. What goods did Russian merchants offer?
Early morning. Fog still spreads over the Dnieper. You can hear the splash of oars on the water and the voice of people. Rowers work harmoniously with oars. On one of the boats, the benches are covered with carpets. On them sit people in beautiful clothes and with expensive weapons. These are foreign trading guests (merchants).
Opposite the Novgorod Kremlin was the main trading square of the city. Foreign merchants sold amber, bright fabrics, shiny helmets, expensive clothes, colorful carpets, silver and gold vessels, wines, fragrant herbs.
Russian merchants offered their customers grain, swords with patterns on the blade and a jeweled handle, ingenious locks with springs, chain mail shirts woven from small but strong rings, and fur.

Task 4 group : Read the text of the textbook "Works and Prayers" p.36-37 and answer the questions:

Who are monks?

Why did they wear black clothes?

What were they doing? Where did they live?

Task 5 group : Read the text of the textbook on pp. 35-36 “Learning to learn is always useful” and answer the questions:

What was the name of the ancient Russian alphabet?

In honor of whom did he receive such a name? What was the name of the second brother

What were the books of the times of Ancient Rus'?

Group 4 performance. (slide 11-12)

Our ancestors did not know how to read books and write letters. Two educators appeared in Rus', wise brothersCyril and Methodius . In 862 they created the Slavic alphabet.

Student. - They lived on the border of the state of Byzantium and the Slavic lands in the city of Thessalonica. At home, the two brothers spoke Slavic, while at school, instruction was only in Greek. The younger Cyril dreamed of writing books understandable to the Slavs, and for this it was necessary to come up with Slavic letters. Years have passed. The brothers grew up and learned. But the dream to create a Slavic alphabet left his younger brother. He worked hard. And now the alphabet was ready. But thinking is half the battle. It is necessary to translate books from Greek into Slavonic so that the Slavs have something to read. It turned out to be a very difficult task, and Kirill alone could not cope with it. His elder brother Methodius began to help him. Cyril and Methodius did a great job! This event took place in 863. More recently, in our country they began to celebrate the holiday of Slavic writing and culture.

Slide 7-10 Assumption Cathedral. The walls of the cathedral are richly decorated inside: mosaics, frescoes and icons. The floors are tiled with colored tiles. The walls and dome of the temple were decoratedMosaic - an image or pattern made of pieces of stone, marble, ceramics, smalt.

The walls are paintedfrescoes (painting with water-based paints applied on wet plaster). These images told about the life of Jesus Christ and the saints. It was a very difficult art work - it required precision and great speed, because. plaster dried quickly.

Teacher. - The main part of all Orthodox churches isaltar, where sacred objects are located and where only priests are allowed to enter. It is separated from the rest by a wall withicons placed in a specific order(iconostasis). The doors in the center of the iconostasis are calledRoyal Doors.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school No. 36 in Murmansk

Lesson of the world around in grade 3

according to the educational system "School 2100"

Subject :

"Golden Gate" to Ancient Rus'

Primary school teacher: Ilchenko L.V.

2017

Lesson of the world around in grade 3 according to the educational system "School 2100", authors D.D. Danilov, S.V. Tyrin "My Fatherland"

Subject : ,Golden Gate, to Ancient Rus'

Target : - to form an idea of ​​ancient Russian cultural monuments.

To give a primary idea of ​​such terms as icon, Cyrillic, monk, monastery.

Development of imagination, memory, speech

Raising a sense of pride in the history of our Motherland

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Attention game

Now we will see who is the most attentive?

slide 2

What words are hidden?

AKIEVRONOVCITYTVIMUROMZO

What unites these words? (cities of Ancient Rus')

2 Frontal survey

What other cities of Ancient Rus' do you know?

What do you know about the cities of Ancient Rus'? Where did they arise? For what purpose was it built?

(they built a trading square on a high bank in the center, the main place around which the city grew. They surrounded their settlement with an earthen rampart, on which they erected a strong fence of pointed oak logs. From the side of the unprotected river, they dug a deep ditch that was filled with water? A bridge was thrown over it. In case of danger, the bridge was raised.It was not easy for the enemy to take the fortress.)

Why is there no city of Moscow? (1147)

Who was the founder? (Yuri Dolgoruky)

Why was Moscow called white-stone?

By cards WELL ON

Underline the correct answer.

1. Who traded in the Old Russian city?

A) an artisan

B) companion

2. What is the reason for the emergence of cities?

A) trading

B) fishing

3. Around what were cities built?

3 Check D/Z slide3,4

Notebook from 13 No. 23, 24

Peer review and evaluation.

4. Message of the topic and purpose of the lesson

slide map 5

What card is in front of you?

Our journey continues, through the cities of the Old Russian state?

Remember the mushroom picker advised the heroes to visit the city of Vladimir, because there are many cultural monuments

Slide Vladimir 6

We will visit the city of Vladimir?

Topic: ,Golden Gate, to Ancient Rus'

Slide 7, Golden Gate, Sound

And here are our heroes, let's carefully listen to what they have to say

(recording on slide )

Artist:- Before us is the Golden Gate of the fortress wall of ancient Vladimir. It was built in the 12th century.

Anyuta Q: Why do you draw them?

Artist: I want to draw our city the way it was in the times of Ancient Rus'. And for this I have to study well all the surviving ancient Russian buildings, things, books

Ilyusha: It would be interesting to be in that time.

Artist: Well, you can try.

Who can tell us about the times of Ancient Rus'?

What does the artist want to study?

5 New material

Teacher: And they went to the Golden Gate. When the travelers entered the gate, they were enveloped in twilight

slide universe 8 Sound

Vladimir 12th century appeared before the travelers.

Slide 9 (Assumption Cathedral) Sound

We see the main Temple of Vladimir,

This is a multi-domed cathedral i.e. it has several domes

This is a powerful structure erected from thin brick interspersed with natural stone.

, Assumption Cathedral,

Each temple collects all the cultural wealth Ancient Rus'.

And what kind of wealth will we see now?

Let's get in there! Sound 10 Slide service and church hymns

Teacher: Here there is a service, the clergyman says a prayer., and you hear a church hymn

Slide 11 Fresco

Let's look at the walls of the temple. What do we see? (drawings)

The walls of the temple are covered with frescoes.

Exercise

Read what frescoes are and what they depict from 47 last paragraph

Slide 12 Mosaics

In the temples there are mosaics - a picture pressed into damp plaster, vitreous pebbles.

Slide 13 Altar Iconostasis.

We approached the main part of the temple. What is the name of the main part of the temple?

(page 48 1 paragraph)

Altar-The main part of the temple is separated by a barrier on which the iconostasis is located.

Iconostasis- row of icons

5 rows. 1st row of local icons

2 row-main (depicting Jesus Christ and his life)

On the rest of the saints

What are icons?

Icons sacred images of Jesus Christ, sacred.

Student message

Icons are paintings on boards. This work was difficult. The carpenter went first. Linden was preferred for making icons. The board was dried for several years. The carpenter was carefully smoothing with an axe. Then the carpenter passed the board to the icon painter. He applied the primer - made from fish glue mixed with crushed chalk. This mass was polished with pumice; bear tooth. Paints were prepared separately on egg yolk. When everything was ready, the crucial moment of painting came. The writing of icons was considered a charitable deed.

C 48 looking at the icons in the figure

Slide 14 Our Lady of Vladimir

The main icon in the Assumption Cathedral is Our Lady of Vladimir

Do you want to know why the main one?

Student message

Yuri Dolgoruky was an active prince. The city of Vladimir grew especially during his reign.

Yuri Dolgoruky sent his son Andrei to reign in the southern Vyshgorod. In this city there was an icon with which a miracle happened; she got off the wall of the Temple as if she wanted to leave. Andrei went back to Vladimir and took this icon with him. On the way, his horses stood up as if rooted to the spot. Nothing could make them move, and then they spent the night, and in a dream the Mother of God ordered him to place an icon in the city of Vladimir. Andrei began to be called Bogolyubov, and the settlement of Bogolyubovo was built on this site.

After the death of his father, Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei became a prince and transferred the capital from Kyiv to Vladimir. Andrei Bogolyubov took care of strengthening the new capital

Slide 15

Teacher: At that time, the alphabet was different from the modern one and was called Cyrillic

What letters are similar to modern ones?

Slide 16 Cyrillic

And why is it called so, we now read?

Slide 17 Cyril and Methodius . Sound

Slide 18 How much did he write in Rus'

Exercise

Consider illustration c50 who is depicted? What did they write on?

Slide 19 Birch bark letter Sound

In the 12th century in Rus' they still did not know how to make paper and did not know about this material.

In Novgorod, 600 birch bark letters were found. And he wrote in 40 Old Russian cities.

-Let's try to write on birch bark

Slide 20 Parchment

Slide 21 Book Sound

Books were written by hand, capital letters were drawn with paints, pictures were drawn in the margins. Scripture was considered a great thing.

Each letter was carefully written out with a strict rule of the Charter.

Drawings are miniatures. When all the pages of the book were rewritten, they were put together in a binder. Well-dried and processed boards served as its main. The boards were covered with leather and metal corners were attached, which decorated and protected the skin. One book took more than a year.

Were there many books at that time?

Who rewrote them?

Slide22 Monk .

Chronicle - records of the events of Russian history over the years.

Who are monks? C 51

What else did you do?

Work with illustration from 52 A. Vasnetsov, Monastery in Muscovite Rus',

The monks not only prayed, wrote chronicles, icons, worked, stood up for the defense of the Motherland.

Where do monks live?

Slide 23 Monastery

The monks preserved the memory of the history of the Russian land.

Slide24 illustrations of monasteries

What did you notice? (monasteries are built near rivers, surrounded by walls, in the center there is a temple)

The journey is coming to an end, it's time for us to return.

6. Bottom line

What objects, things, structures told us about the life of the people of Ancient Rus'?

What do we call it? (monuments of culture)

What is the Cyrillic alphabet, and who invented it?

What did you learn about the monastery?

How did the ancient Russian monks help us learn about the past of our country?

7. Checking ZUN

Check yourself. Slide25

Imagine that you are historians and you have to write what kind of cultural monuments these are. On the right are numbers and names, on the left there will be an image of objects, buildings, you write under which number this name is.

Children complete the task in notebook T. C 12 No. 22

c) frescoes

2. b) an altar

3. a) Cyrillic

4. c) parchment

5. b) monks

6. b) annals

Slide26 Universe Sound

book exhibition

If someone wanted to continue the journey, books will help you in this; you yourself will make a trip and learn more about cities, icons, books.

Game HISTORICAL DOMINO

D / Z notebook from 12 No. 21

Methodical literature:

2. E.V. Sizova N.V. Kharitonova Independent and verification work

3. D.D. Danilov, G.E. Belitskaya, N.V. Ivanova "Lesson Plans" Part 2.

additional literature:

Encyclopedia of the young historian.

Encyclopedia "I know the world" (History).

Introductory course of history and social science "My Fatherland".

Lesson 8

to form in the student the image of the culture of Ancient Rus' as a set of great monuments of writing, literature, art, with the help of which we can plunge into the world of thoughts and feelings of our distant ancestors;

create an image of the life of the monks of medieval Rus' and monasteries as centers of culture, creative activity, moral behavior;

develop the ability to meaningfully use concepts and terms in your speech when solving creative tasks;

cultivate a sense of pride in the culture of their homeland.

During the classes.

May this lesson, conducted by joint efforts, allow you to discover many new things.

History is a process of development, it can be compared with an unstoppable movement forward. For several lessons, we talked about Ancient Rus'. And what exactly we will talk about today, you will find out if you continue the sentence:

Ancient Rus' was famous for its rich cities, in which a unique ... (culture).

What is culture? (All the achievements of mankind, everything useful or beautiful that has been made by man.)

Give examples.

In the last lesson, you understood what culture and cultural monuments are. And today we will try to determine. What cultural monuments help us to tell about the times of Ancient Rus'.

In what centuries was our state called Ancient Russia? Open your textbook on p. 22 and say. (9th-13th centuries)

Open your textbook on p. 30, look at the map and name which cities were part of Ancient Rus'. (Kyiv, Galich, Pinsk, Turov, Chernigov, Smolensk, Vladimir, Suzdal, Ryazan, Kursk, etc.)

Did you meet the names of cities that are familiar to you and that exist at the present time?

Would you like to make a trip to Ancient Rus' in order to get even better acquainted with the preserved cultural monuments?

Why do you need it?

We will visit the city of Vladimir today. Look at the map and find where Vladimir is.

Before embarking on a journey, I suggest that you determine which concepts we already know and which we do not know.

On the board of the concept: culture, cultural monuments, frescoes, an altar, an icon, Cyrillic, a monk, a monastery, an annals.

(Distribute all concepts in 2 columns)

Which of these terms is the broadest? (culture)

Can all other concepts be attributed to culture? Why?

Let's see if our knowledge will be replenished by the end of the lesson.

We will travel not alone, but with the heroes of our textbook.

Anyuta and Ilyusha's parents decided to extend their trip. When they arrived at the Vladimir station, they went for a walk around the city. On one of the squares, the attention of Anyuta and Ilyusha was attracted by an old building. (Illustration display)

An artist was standing next to the guys. He sketched this building in his album. Suddenly, he turned to the children and said: “Before us is the Golden Gate of the fortress wall of Ancient Vladimir. They were built in the 12th century."

The children asked: “Why do you draw them?” To which the artist replied: “I want to draw our city the way it was in the days of Ancient Rus'. To do this, I must study well all the old Russian buildings, things, books that have survived in the whirlpool of time. In a word - all ... (monuments of culture) that have survived to this day.

So, what cultural monuments will help tell us about the times of Ancient Rus'?

Let's compare our conclusion with the conclusion in the textbook, p.46.

This is the main idea of ​​our lesson and we will talk about it today.

Are you interested in being in Ancient Rus'?

Well, well, you can try.

Close your eyes and listen to the modern city noise. Now imagine that we approached the Golden Gate, passed through the gate opening, we were enveloped in twilight. Behind him the city was noisy, cars were honking, the smell of gasoline could be heard. Ahead, we also hear the city noise, but different, and it smells differently: freshly cut wood and fragrant honey (light a candle for a smell). We went ahead and before us appeared the city of Vladimir of the 12th century. We are fascinated looking at the revived ancient city. At this time, the bells rang (recording of the sound of bells). All the townspeople left their affairs and went to the upper fortress, where the white-stone temple shone with golden domes. Open your eyes and look: this is the main temple of Vladimir - the Assumption Cathedral.

Listen to the poem and say what words of the poet prove that the cathedral or temple is a cultural monument.

So, what words of the poet prove that the cathedral or temple is a cultural monument?

Choose the words that are suitable for describing the Assumption Cathedral:

majestic

white stone

solemn

unsightly

miserable

slim

expressive

golden-domed

And what was inside the temple, we learn by reading from the textbook, p. 47.

Reading text, working with concepts and placing them from the unknown to the known on the board.

frescoes

What shorter word can replace the word priest? (priest)

Continued from 48.

altar

icon

Examining illustrations.

The children saw intricate letters on one of the icons, but they could not read it. The letters seemed to be familiar, but they did not add up to words. Why do you think?

Look at the Old Slavonic alphabet, which is called Cyrillic . How is it similar to the modern one? What is the difference?

From the history of the Cyrillic alphabet

Especially for the Slavs, this alphabet was invented by two brothers, Cyril and Methodius. Why do you think the alphabet is called Cyrillic? Us. 49th

In the illustration on the left you see these brothers. What do you think this image is? (icon)

Now let's look at the illustrations on p. 50 and determine what they wrote with such intricate letters?

review and discussion.

In the 12th century in Rus' they still did not know how to make paper and did not even know that such material existed in the world. But many were literate and used birch bark (birch bark) for everyday records. The letters on it were pressed with a pointed stick. But books were written on parchment - specially treated animal skin. The book was very hard. The covers were made of thin boards and covered with leather. The cover was decorated with gold and silver plates and precious stones. They wrote them by hand. Looking at the illustration on p. 49 and 53. And who wrote them, we learn from the textbook, p. 51, last paragraph.

Who wrote books in Ancient Rus'?

And who copied them by hand?

Reading and looking at the illustration.

Who are they monks ?

Where they lived? ( in the monastery )

Reading text on c52

What very important work did the monks do?

Examining the illustration.

What did the monks do in the monastery?

After the illustration on p. 52 read the text on your own and find the answer to the question “what is annals? ».

Reading text on pages 52-53

What's happened annals?

Talking with the artist, Anyuta and Ilyusha, and together with them we again passed under the arches of the Golden Gate.

5. Generalization.

On the desk: The Golden Gates of the Vladimir Fortress - the gates to Ancient Rus'. Why can we say so?

Let's repeat once again what cultural monuments help us learn about the times of Ancient Rus'. (Houses, temples, books)

6. Application of knowledge in practice.

All concepts during the lesson were moved from the ignorance column to the knowledge column. And now we will check how you learned these concepts.?

Open the workbooks on p.12 and do task number 21 on your own.

Examination.

7. The result of the lesson.

Evaluate student work.

Let's sum up the lesson. Start with any words.

I found out…

I was surprised...

I thought...

8. Home task.

P.46-53 (account). p.12#22(t.)