“The image of Yuri Zhivago is the central image of B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago

A short essay-reasoning on literature on the topic: Characteristics of Doctor Zhivago from the novel of the same name by Pasternak. The fate and love of Yuri Zhivago. Description of the hero in quotes

The novel "Doctor Zhivago" became a landmark event in the world of literature of the 20th century. Its author even won the Nobel Prize and became world famous. However, along with fame, Pasternak also received severe persecution. The authorities did not want to see an intellectual in positive heroes, because literature was used as a means of propagating the political course of the party, therefore only “proletarians of all countries” could be “good”. However, the writer considered it necessary to raise the topic of the intelligentsia and dedicate the novel to how they survived in the hard times of the civil war. And it was for such a book that he was awarded a prestigious award, which the party elite could not forgive Pasternak in any way. On the other hand, the novel was fully appreciated by the descendants, who were able to understand the complex and contradictory image of the central character of the novel, Yuri Zhivago.

The fate of Yuri Zhivago is the fate of a typical intellectual during the Civil War. His family was rich, and the prospects in peacetime were cloudless. But there was a revolution, and then a civil war, and yesterday's respectable citizens turned into bourgeois. Therefore, although he received an excellent education, he still could not fit into the new social reality. For his country, he became a renegade by birthright. Neither his work nor his spiritual riches were in demand and understood.

Initially, the hero welcomed the revolution as "a magnificent surgery", but he was one of the first to realize that "you can't get anything by violence." He does not like "the leap from serene, innocent regularity into blood and screams, general madness and savagery of everyday and hourly, legalized and praised murder." Although he understands that he cannot stop the course of history, he still does not accept "bloody goloshmatina and human slaughter." And now, when “everything of everyday life is overturned and destroyed”, only “naked, robbed soulfulness” remains, which the hero does not hold.

The characterization of Doctor Zhivago, first of all, is revealed to those who carefully read his poems. In them, the hero appears before us as a refined lyricist who thinks about eternal questions more than about pressing matters. He is always somewhat out of touch with reality. Many reproach him for lack of will and absolute inertia, because Yuri Andreevich cannot even decide on whose side he is. At a time when people are sacrificing themselves, defending their vision of the future of Russia, he tries to stay away from the makers of history. The love of Doctor Zhivago also betrays in him an indecisive and driven person: he had three women, but he could not make any of them happy. The hero sometimes gives the impression of a restless holy fool who lives parallel to reality and regardless of society. Unlike the brave and determined heroes of socialist realism, Zhivago, it would seem, cannot serve as an example for anyone to follow: he cheated on his wife, abandoned his children, and so on.

Why did Pasternak portray such an unsightly hero? Yes, for such a portrait of the intelligentsia, he could have been awarded. But it was not there. Yuri Zhivago defends ideals far more important than class interests. He defends his right to individuality even in conditions of war. The hero abstracted from society with its eternal squabble for power and began to live in his own inner world, where the true spiritual values ​​of love and freedom of thought and creativity reign. Yuri lives the way he wants, with quiet, creative activity for the good, and does not interfere with anyone: “Oh, how sweet it is to exist! How sweet it is to live in the world and love life! He is not weak, just all his forces are directed inward and concentrated on spiritual work.

Yuri Zhivago reflects the inner world of Pasternak himself. The author wrote that he combined in this image the characters of Blok, Mayakovsky, Yesenin and himself. Therefore, listening to Yuri, we hear the voice of his creator, and by the number of monologues of the main character, we understand that the writer is “boiled” and in this novel he is trying to throw out his experiences and impressions that burst him from the inside.

Pasternak in his novel "Doctor Zhivago" raises the question of the role of man in history and affirms the idea of ​​the self-worth of the individual. A person, according to Pasternak, is valuable in itself, and without a contribution to common affairs, if he does not consider them as such. In spite of everything, the hero retained his "I" and remained himself, without soiling his inner world in the blood and dust of hard times.

Zhivago Yuri Andreevich- the main character of the novel, a doctor and a poet. The hero's surname associates him with the image of "God Zhivago", that is, Christ (cf. the name of the character's mother - Maria Nikolaevna); the phrase "Doctor Zhivago" can be read as "healing all living things." The name Yury echoes both main toponyms of the novel - Moscow (cf. the mythopoetic connotations of the name Georgy = Yury) and Yuryatin. Wed also the associative connection of the words "Yuri" - "holy fool". The meaning of the patronymic is also significant: Andrei - “man”, Andreevich - “son of man”.

The novel begins with the death of the hero's parents: the mother dies, and the father, a ruined millionaire, commits suicide by jumping out of a courier train on the move. The boy's uncle, Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin, brings him to Moscow and settles in the family of Professor Gromeko. One day, after an interrupted musical evening, Zh., together with his friend Misha Gordon, accompany Alexander Alexandrovich Gromeko to the rooms “Montenegro”: here Zh. first sees Lara, a girl sleeping in an armchair, then watches her silent explanation with Komarovsky. Almost 20 years later, Zh. will remember this scene: “I, a boy who didn’t know anything about you, understood with all the flour of the strength that responded to you: this puny, thin girl is charged, like electricity, to the limit, with all conceivable femininity in the world.” Zh. enters the university at the Faculty of Medicine. Starts writing poetry. After graduating from university, he writes a paper on the physiology of vision. On Christmas Eve in 1911, Zh., together with Tonya Gromeko, goes to the Sventitsky Christmas tree: driving along Kamergersky Lane, he pays attention to the window behind which a candle is lit (this is the window of the room where Lara is talking to Pasha Antipov, but Zh. does not know this). There is a line of the poem: “The candle burned on the table. The candle was burning ... "(" The candle was burning on the table "- an unconscious quote from the poem by K. Romanov in 1885" It was getting dark: we were sitting in the garden ... "). On the Christmas tree at the Sventitskys, Zh. sees Lara immediately after her shot at the prosecutor and recognizes her, although he does not know her name. Returning from the Christmas tree, J. and Tonya learn that Tonya's mother has died; before her death, she asked them to marry. During the funeral, Zh. feels a desire, in contrast to death, “to work on forms, to produce beauty. Now, more than ever, it was clear to him that art is always, without ceasing, occupied with two things. It relentlessly meditates on death and relentlessly creates life through it. Zh. and Tonya get married; in the fall of 1915, their son Sashenka was born. Zh. are drafted into the army; he is wounded; lying in the hospital, meets Lara. He is informed from Moscow that without his permission a book of his poems has been published, which is praised. Working in the town of Melyuzeevo, Zh. lives in the same house with Antipova, but does not even know her room. They often collide at work. He "honestly tries not to love" her, but he blurts out, and she leaves.

In the summer of 1917, Mr.. and Zh. leaves for Moscow from the disintegrating front. In Moscow, having met with his family, he still feels lonely, foresees social cataclysms, "considers himself and his environment doomed." He works in a hospital and also writes The Game of People, a diary of poetry and prose. The days of the October battles in Moscow coincide with the serious illness of Sashenka's son. Going outside a few days later, Zh. at the entrance of the house at the corner of Serebryany Lane and Molchanovka reads in the newspaper the first decree of the Soviet government; in the same entrance he meets an unknown young man, not knowing that this is his half-brother Evgraf. J. accepts the revolution with enthusiasm, calling it "great surgery." In the winter of 1918, he suffers from typhus. When Zh. recovers, in April 1918, together with his wife, son and father-in-law, on the advice of Evgraf, they leave for the Urals, to the former estate of his grandfather Tony Varykino, not far from Yuriatin. They go for several weeks. Already at the entrance to Yuriatin, at one of the stations, Zh. was arrested at night by the Red Army, mistaking him for a spy. He is interrogated by the military commissar Strelnikov (Zh. does not know that this is Antipov, Lara's husband) and after a conversation he is released. Zh. says to a random fellow traveler Samdevyatov: “I was very revolutionary, and now I think that you won’t get anything by violence.” ^K. with his family safely gets to Yuriatin, then they go to Varykino, where they settle, occupying two rooms in an old manor house. In winter, Zh. keeps records - in particular, he writes down that he refused medicine and is silent about the medical specialty so as not to tie his freedom. Periodically, he visits the library in Yuriatin and one day he sees Antipova in the library; does not approach her, but writes off her address from the library card. Then he comes to her apartment; after a while they get closer. Zh. is burdened by the fact that he is deceiving his wife, and he decides to "cut the knot by force." However, when he returns on horseback from the city to Varykino, he is stopped by the partisans of the red detachment and "forced to be mobilized as a medical worker."

Zh. spends more than a year in captivity with the partisans, and he directly tells the detachment commander Livery Mikulitsyn that he does not share the ideas of Bolshevism at all: “When I hear about the alteration of life, I lose power over myself and fall into despair.<...>material, substance, life is never. She herself, if you want to know, is a continuously renewing herself, eternally reworking herself, she herself is eternally remaking and transforming herself, she herself is much higher than our stupid theories with you. Zh. knows nothing about Lara and his family - he does not know how his wife's birth went (when he was captured, Tonya was pregnant). In the end, Zh. manages to escape from the detachment, and, after walking dozens of miles, he returns to Yuryatin. He comes to Lara's apartment, but she, together with Katenka, having heard about his appearance in the vicinity, left for the empty Varykino to wait for him there. While waiting for Lara, J. falls ill, and when he comes to, he sees her next to him. They live together. Zh. works in an outpatient clinic and in medical courses. Despite his outstanding abilities as a diagnostician, he is treated with distrust, criticized for "intuitionism" and suspected of idealism. He receives a letter from Moscow from his wife, which was written five months ago: Tonya reported that their daughter Masha was born, and also that her father, uncle, and her children were being sent abroad.

Komarovsky, who arrived in Yuryatin, says to J.: “There is a certain communist style. Few fit that standard. But no one so clearly violates this manner of living and thinking as you do.<...>You are a mockery of this world, its insult.<...>Your destruction is next." Nevertheless, Zh. refuses Komarovsky's offer to leave for the Far East, and he and Lara decide to wait out the danger in Barykino. There, J. begins to write down previously composed poems at night, and also to work on new things: “he experienced the approach of what is called inspiration. The balance of forces that govern creativity, as it were, turns on its head. It is not the person and the state of his soul that he is looking for expression that takes precedence, but the language with which he wants to express it. Language, the homeland and receptacle of beauty and meaning, itself begins to think and speak for a person and the whole thing becomes music, not in relation to outwardly auditory sound, but in relation to the swiftness and power of its inner flow. Komarovsky arrives in Varykino, who, in a secret conversation with Zhivago, reports that Strelnikov / Antipov, Lara's husband, has been shot and she and her daughter are in great danger. Zh. agrees that Lara and Katenka leave with Komarovsky, telling her that he himself will join them later. Left alone in Barykino, Zh. drinks at night and writes poems dedicated to Lara, “but Lara of his poems and notes, as they faded and replaced one word with another, moved further and further away from his true prototype.” One day, Strelnikov appears in the Varykin house, who, it turns out, is alive; he and Zh. talk all night, and in the morning, when! Zh. still asleep, Strelnikov at the porch of the house puts a bullet in his temple. Burying him, 2K. goes to Moscow, where he arrives in the spring of 1922, accompanied by a peasant youth Vasya Brykin (whom he once met on the way from Moscow to Yuryatin). In Moscow, Zh. begins to write small books that “contained the philosophy of Yuri Andreevich, a presentation of his medical views, his definitions of health and ill health, thoughts about transformism and evolution, about personality as the biological basis of the body, Yuri Andreevich’s thoughts on history and religion,<...>essays on the Pugachev places visited by the doctor, poems by Yuri Andreevich and stories”; Vasya is engaged in their publication, but gradually their cooperation ceases. Zh. is busy with going abroad to her family, but without much energy. He settles in the former apartment of the Sventitskys, where he occupies a small room; he "abandoned medicine, turned into a slut, stopped seeing acquaintances and became poor." Then he converges with Marina, the daughter of a janitor: “she became the third wife of Yuri Andreevich not registered in the registry office, with the first not divorced. They have children": "two girls, Kapka and Klashka." One day Zh. disappears: on the street he meets Evgraf, and he rents him a room in Kamergersky Lane - the same one in which Antipov once lived as a student and in the window of which Zh. saw a candle burning on the table. Zh. begins to work on articles and poems, the subject of which is the city. He enters the service at the Botkin hospital; but when J. first goes there by tram, he has a heart attack: he manages to get out of the car and dies on the street. Zh.'s poems collected by Evgraf form the final part of the novel.

Pasternak's novels show the problems of life at that time.

"Doctor Zhivago" main characters

• Yuri Andreevich Zhivago - doctor, protagonist of the novel
• Antonina Alexandrovna Zhivago (Gromeko) - Yuri's wife
• Larisa Fyodorovna Antipova (Guichard) - Antipov's wife
• Pavel Pavlovich Antipov (Strelnikov) - Lara's husband, revolutionary commissar
• Alexander Alexandrovich and Anna Ivanovna Gromeko - Antonina's parents
• Evgraf Andreevich Zhivago - major general, half-brother of Yuri
• Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin - uncle of Yuri Andreevich
• Victor Ippolitovich Komarovsky - Moscow lawyer
• Katenka Antipova - daughter of Larisa
• Mikhail Gordon and Innokenty Dudorov - Yuri's classmates at the gymnasium
• Osip Gimazetdinovich Galiullin - white general
• Anfim Efimovich Samdevyatov - lawyer, Bolshevik
• Livery Averkievich Mikulitsyn (Comrade Lesnykh) - Leader of the Forest Brothers
• Marina - third common-law wife of Yuri
• Kipriyan Savelyevich Tiverzin and Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov - workers of the Brest railway, political prisoners
• Maria Nikolaevna Zhivago (Vedenyapina) - Yuri's mother
• Prov Afanasyevich Sokolov - acolyte
• Shura Schlesinger - friend of Antonina Alexandrovna
• Marfa Gavrilovna Tiverzina - mother of Kipriyan Savelyevich Tiverzin
• Sofia Malakhova - savelia's friend
• Markel - janitor in the old house of the Zhivago family, Marina's father

Yuri Zhivago is a little boy who is experiencing the death of his mother: “We walked and walked and sang“ Eternal Memory ”...”. Yura is the descendant of a wealthy family who made a fortune in industrial, commercial and banking operations. The marriage of the parents was not happy: the father left the family before the death of the mother.

Orphaned Yura will be given shelter for a while by his uncle who lives in the south of Russia. Then numerous relatives and friends will send him to Moscow, where he will be adopted as a native into the family of Alexander and Anna Gromeko.

The exclusivity of Yuri becomes apparent quite early - even as a young man, he manifests himself as a talented poet. But at the same time, he decides to follow in the footsteps of his foster father Alexander Gromeko and enters the medical department of the university, where he also proves himself as a talented doctor. The first love, and later the wife of Yuri Zhivago, is the daughter of his benefactors - Tonya Gromeko.

Yuri and Tony had two children, but then fate separated them forever, and the doctor never saw his youngest daughter, who was born after the separation.

At the beginning of the novel, new faces constantly appear before the reader. All of them will be connected into a single ball by the further course of the story. One of them is Larisa, the slave of the elderly lawyer Komarovsky, who is trying with all her might and cannot escape from the captivity of his "protection". Lara has a childhood friend - Pavel Antipov, who will later become her husband, and Lara will see her salvation in him. Having married, he and Antipov cannot find their happiness, Pavel will leave his family and go to the front of the First World War. Subsequently, he would become a formidable revolutionary commissar, changing his last name to Strelnikov. At the end of the Civil War, he plans to reunite with his family, but this wish will never come true.

Fate brings Yuri Zhivago and Lara in different ways during the First World War in the front-line settlement of Melyuzeevo, where the protagonist of the work is drafted to war as a military doctor, and Antipova is voluntarily a nurse, trying to find her missing husband Pavel. Subsequently, the lives of Zhivago and Lara intersect again in the provincial Yuriatin-on-Rynva (a fictional city in the Urals, the prototype of which was Perm), where they vainly seek refuge from the revolution that destroys everything and everything. Yuri and Larisa will meet and fall in love with each other. But soon poverty, hunger and repression will separate both the family of Doctor Zhivago and Larina's family. For a year and a half, Zhivago would disappear in Siberia, serving as a military doctor as a prisoner of the Red partisans. Having escaped, he will walk back to the Urals - to Yuriatin, where he will meet Lara again. His wife Tonya, together with the children and Yuri's father-in-law, while in Moscow, writes about the imminent forced expulsion abroad. Hoping to wait out the winter and the horrors of the Yuryatinsky Revolutionary Military Council, Yuri and Lara take refuge in the abandoned estate of Varykino. Soon an unexpected guest arrives - Komarovsky, who received an invitation to head the Ministry of Justice in the Far Eastern Republic, proclaimed on the territory of Transbaikalia and the Russian Far East. He persuades Yuri Andreevich to let Lara and her daughter go east with him, promising to send them abroad. Yuri Andreevich agrees, realizing that he will never see them again.

Gradually, he begins to go crazy with loneliness. Soon Lara's husband, Pavel Antipov (Strelnikov), comes to Varykino. Degraded and wandering across the expanses of Siberia, he tells Yuri Andreevich about his participation in the revolution, about Lenin, about the ideals of Soviet power, but, having learned from Yuri Andreevich that Lara loved and loves him all this time, he understands how bitterly he was mistaken. Strelnikov commits suicide with a shot from a rifle. After Strelnikov's suicide, the doctor returns to Moscow in the hope of fighting for his future life. There he meets his last woman - Marina, the daughter of the former (still under Tsarist Russia) Zhivagovsky janitor Markel. In a civil marriage with Marina, they have two girls. Yuri gradually descends, abandons his scientific and literary activities, and, even realizing his fall, cannot do anything about it. One morning, on his way to work, he becomes ill on the tram and dies of a heart attack in the center of Moscow. His half-brother Evgraf and Lara come to say goodbye to his coffin, who will go missing soon after.

Ahead will be the Second World War, and the Kursk Bulge, and the washerwoman Tanya, who will tell the gray-haired childhood friends of Yuri Andreevich - Innokenty Dudorov and Mikhail Gordon, who survived the Gulag, arrests and repressions of the late 30s, the story of his life; it turns out that this is the illegitimate daughter of Yuri and Lara, and Yuri's brother Major General Evgraf Zhivago will take her under his care. He will also compile a collection of Yuri's works - a notebook that Dudorov and Gordon read in the last scene of the novel. The novel ends with 25 poems by Yuri Zhivago.

Yuri Andreevich is a spontaneous, creative person, and his uncle, Nikolai Nikolaevich, matches him. Although perhaps I did not express myself quite accurately and it makes sense to clarify this idea. Yuri Zhivago is spontaneous, not in the sense that he controls life, subdues him. No, on the contrary, the element captures him. The actions of the hero are spontaneous, often thoughtless precisely because he is subject to these elements, depends on them.

It is they who manage his life, throw him back and forth, endow the hero with creative upsurges, love. But in Yuri Andreevich there is a spiritual fire, and perhaps that is why the element of inspiration chose it as a means of its expression, through Doctor Zhivago it shows its power and beauty. And the hero feels this: “At such moments, Yuri Andreevich felt that it was not he himself who did the main work, but what was above him, what was above him and controlled him, namely: the state of world thought and poetry, and what destined for the future, the next step in order to be taken in its historical development. And he felt himself only a pretext and a reference point for her to come into this movement.

Yuri is a spokesman for this element, but Nikolai Nikolayevich is no less creative, gifted person. Their meetings, conversations are like a kind of thunder discharge, a flash of lightning. This is how he describes their meeting

And although the past arose and began to live a second life, memories flooded in and the circumstances that occurred during the time of separation surfaced, but as soon as the conversation turned to the main thing, about things known to people of a creative warehouse, as all connections disappeared, except for this one, there was no uncle, no nephew, no difference in age, but only the proximity of the elements with the elements, energy with energy, beginning and beginning.

And with the same energy, fervor, spontaneously, he writes after leaving

Larisa Feodorovna and Katenka. And again, his creative inspiration lifts him to unimaginable heights, lifts him above everything gloomy, above the doctor's pain, and brings consolation. “Thus, the bloody, smoking, and uncooled were squeezed out of the poems, and instead of the bleeding and disease-producing, a pacified breadth appeared in them, raising the particular case to the generality of the familiar to everyone. He did not achieve this goal, but this breadth itself came as a consolation personally sent to him ... "

The novel, in my opinion, is completely based on the interweaving of the elements. But the main one, commanding all the rest, is the element of revolution, the element of war. The heroes understand that the war and the revolution, this reorganization of society, drove everyone from their homes, mixed them up, alienated some, brought others closer together. It is this spontaneous reorganization that dictates its will to people. “Am I, a weak woman, to explain to you, so smart, what is being done now with life in general, with human life in Russia, and why families are falling apart, including yours and mine? - says Larisa Fedorovna to Yuri Andreevich. - Ah, as if the matter is in people, in the similarity and dissimilarity of characters, in love and dislike. Everything derivative, organized, everything related to everyday life, human nest and order, all this went to dust along with the upheaval of the whole society and its reorganization.

e derivative, adjusted, everything related to everyday life, the human nest and order, all this went to dust along with the upheaval of the whole society and its reorganization. All household items were overturned and destroyed. There was only one non-domestic, immutable force of a naked, stripped-down spirituality, for which nothing has changed, because at all times it shivered, trembled and reached for the nearest one, just as naked and lonely. You and I are like the first two people, Adam and Eve, who had nothing to hide behind at the beginning of the world, and now we are just as naked and homeless at the end of it. And you and I are the last memory of all that incalculably great that has been done in the world for many thousands of years between them and us, and in memory of these disappeared miracles we breathe and love, and cry, and hold on to each other and cling to each other. .

And indeed, it was this element, this war and revolution, that brought Yuri and Lara together, united them. If there hadn’t been a war, maybe Lara would have remained in Yuri’s memory as that young girl-woman whom he saw only twice: in a hotel room when her mother was poisoned, and on the Christmas tree at the Svetnitskys, when Lara shot at Komarovsky. But now the war again pushes them together, and the heroes get to know each other. Tonya already then, according to Yuri Andreevich's letter, felt, felt that thin, transparent, like a gossamer, but already strong inner connection between Yuri and Lara. With her instinct alone, Antonina Alexandrovna realized that Yuri Andreevich and Larisa Fedorovna were destined to be together. Their life is connected by some kind of coincidence. And Tonya knows this and writes about it to Yuri, who still does not understand this, does not believe, and resists. The duty of fidelity and love still overpowers this connection. “In this letter, in which sobs broke the construction of periods, and traces of tears and blots served as dots, Antonina Alexandrovna urged her husband not to return to Moscow, but to follow straight to the Urals for this amazing sister, walking through life accompanied by such signs and coincidence of circumstances, with which her, Tonin's, modest life path cannot be compared.

Yuri Andreevich did not take this seriously. But the revolution again pushes them together by some supernatural coincidence. What is predetermined cannot be avoided. Doctor Zhivago was destined to be with Lara Antipova. And the war, the revolution pushes them to each other. The elements so wanted it, it was useless to resist.

“He loved Tonya to adoration. The peace of her soul, her tranquility were dearer to him than anything in the world. He stood up for her honor, more than her own father and than she herself. In defense of her wounded pride, he would have torn the offender to pieces with his own hands. And that offender was himself.” Doctor Zhivago tried to figure it out, to resist this, hoping that something would break this connection. "What will happen next? - sometimes he asked himself and, not finding an answer, he hoped for something unrealizable, for the intervention of some unforeseen, bringing resolution, circumstances. And these circumstances intervened, but not at all in the way that Yuri thought. At that moment, when the doctor decides to open up to Tonya and break with Lara, he is taken to the partisan detachment, and when he returns, Tonya has already left.

break up with Lara, he is taken to a partisan detachment, and when he returns, Tonya has already left. The choice, so difficult for Yuri Andreevich, no longer exists, life, fate, the elements themselves solved this puzzle, not allowing the hero to break the connection with Larisa Fedorovna.

War, revolution played a huge role in the life of this generation. Rather, it was not the war and the revolution that played, but the people played their role, assigned to each by the elements in this drama of madness. The element of bloodshed mixed all the values, all the shrines, the whole way of life.

“Now I am sure,” Lara says to Yuri, “that it [the war] was the fault of everything, all the misfortunes that followed, until now befell our generation. I remember my childhood well. I still found a time when the concepts of a peaceful previous century were in force. It was customary to trust the voice of reason. What conscience prompted was considered natural and necessary. The death of a person at the hands of another was a rarity, an extraordinary, out of the ordinary phenomenon ... And suddenly this leap from serene, innocent regularity into blood and screams, general madness and savagery of everyday and hourly, legalized and praised murder. Probably, this never goes in vain ... Immediately everything began to fall into destruction. The movement of trains, the supply of cities with food, the basics of the household, the moral foundations of consciousness.

The elements broke the way of life, the system of values, the people themselves. Most have lost their own opinion, lost faith in themselves, in their rightness. The elements have taken possession of the minds of people, their hearts, imposing their standards, their ideas on them. “The main trouble, the root of the future evil was the loss of faith in the value of one's own opinion. They imagined that the time when they followed the suggestions of moral instinct had passed, that now they had to sing from a common

Voices and live by other people's ideas, imposed on everyone. The dominance of the phrase began to grow, first monarchist - then revolutionary. This public delusion was all-encompassing, sticky.” And after all, the heroes know that their life is subject to a certain element. They don't resist, they don't grumble, they just wait for her will. “I have a presentiment that we will soon be carried away somewhere further,” - these are the words of Lara. She knows that their temporary peace in Varykino is short-lived, it will soon end at the whim of the elements, and the heroes will again be blown in different directions. Until we meet again, though this meeting will be for one of them - for Lara. She will see Yuri only after his death. But the elements so wanted ...

The main character of his novel, Pasternak made a prominent representative of the Russian intelligentsia, Yuri Zhivago. Moreover, the writer changed the original title of the novel "The Candle Burned" to "Doctor Zhivago".

Name Main character Yuri has something in common with the main toponyms of the novel - Yuriatin and Moscow (her patron is St. George, whose name in Rus' was transformed into Yuri), and also has an associative connection with the word "holy fool". The patronymic of the hero is formed from the name "Andrey", which means "courageous". The surname of Yuri evokes associations with Christ: Pasternak spoke of his deepest childhood impressions caused by the words of the prayer: "You are truly the Christ, the son of the living God." In combination with the profession, the hero's surname - Dr. Zhivago - can be read as "the doctor of all living things."

Yuri Zhivago is peculiar alter ego Pasternak, embodying his spiritual biography. The author himself said that he combined the features of Blok, Mayakovsky, Yesenin and himself in the image of the protagonist. He trusts Yuri to express his thoughts, views, doubts, and himself - his poems.

Pasternak reveals image of Zhivago in two planes: the outer plane tells the story of his life, and the inner plane reflects the spiritual life of the hero. The writer assigns the main role to spiritual experience, paying great attention to the monologues of the hero.

The offspring of a wealthy family, Muscovite Yuri Zhivago - typical intellectual. He is an intellectual by profession (Yuri is a talented diagnostician), by creative self-expression (he has an outstanding poetic gift) and by spirit - by his surprisingly sensitive soulfulness, desire for independence and restlessness.

Possessing a strong mind and good intuition, Zhivago outwardly looks like a weak-willed person. Seeing and perceiving everything, he does what life requires of him: he agrees to a wedding with Tonya, does not oppose being drafted into the army, does not object to a trip to the Urals.

Once in the thick of historical events, the hero hesitates, not knowing which side to take. Brought up in the Christian traditions of love and compassion for one's neighbor, Zhivago faces all the horrors of bloodshed on the fronts of the war and during captivity in a partisan detachment. He fulfills his duty as a doctor, equally caring for suffering people - whether they are wounded partisans, or Kolchak volunteer Rantsevich.

Initially enthusiastic about the revolution, as "great surgery", Yuri soon realizes that "you won't get anything by violence". He is disgusted “a leap from serene, innocent regularity into blood and screams, general madness and savagery of everyday and hourly, legalized and praised murder”. Understanding the inevitability of the course of history, Zhivago with his humanistic principles absolutely does not accept "bloody goloshmatina and man-slaughter". In conditions where " everything household is overturned and destroyed”, there is only one force - "Naked, stripped to the skin sincerity". Feeling the need for spiritual freedom, wanting to preserve himself as a person, Zhivago deliberately refuses to participate in history; he constructs his own personal space in time, where he exists in the true values ​​of love, freedom of spirit, thoughts, feelings and creativity. Yuri lives the time allotted to him by fate as he would like to live: “Oh, how sweet it is to exist! How sweet it is to live in the world and love life!”. This spirituality of being and inner strength, allowing one to defend one's convictions, more than cover Zhivago's outward lack of will.

In an atmosphere of total impersonality of society, Yuri Zhivago remains the person who, while maintaining kindness and humanity, can comprehend the whole essence of events and express it on paper, in poetry. But a person cannot live in conditions of lack of freedom, which is why the hero dies in the year of the “great turning point”, which marks the final victory of lack of freedom. But the novel does not end with the death of the protagonist, it ends with a cycle of Zhivago's poems, because poetry, unlike the final life of a person, is immortal.

Solving the complex problem of the fate of a person in the whirlpool of history through the image of the protagonist, Pasternak proclaims the idea of ​​self-worth of the individual embodying in the novel the eternal ideals of humanity.

• "Doctor Zhivago", an analysis of the novel by Pasternak
• "Doctor Zhivago", a summary of the novel by Pasternak