What is workplace preparation? Preparing the workplace for work

2.7. Preparation of the workplace and the initial admission of the brigade to work along with and order.

2.7.1. It is not allowed to change the measures provided for by the order for the preparation of jobs.

If there is any doubt about the sufficiency and correctness of the measures to prepare the workplace and the possibility of safe performance of work, this preparation should be stopped, and the planned work should be postponed until a new order is issued, which provides for technical measures that eliminate the doubts about safety.

2.7.2. In cases where the foreman combines the duties of an admitting person, he must prepare the workplace with one of the members of the team who has group III.

2.7.3. Before admission to work, the admitting person must make sure that technical measures have been taken to prepare the workplace by personal inspection, according to entries in the operational log, according to the operational scheme and according to reports from the operational, operational and repair personnel of the organizations involved.

2.7.4. The responsible manager and the work foreman (supervisor), before admission to work, must find out from the admitting person what measures were taken in preparing the workplace, and together with the admitting person, verify this preparation by a personal inspection within the workplace.

In the absence of operational personnel, but with his permission, the responsible work manager together with the work foreman can perform the check of the preparation of the workplace independently.

2.7.5. Admission to work on orders and orders should be carried out directly at the workplace.

Admission to work by order in cases where the preparation of the workplace is not needed, it is not necessary to carry out at the workplace, but on overhead lines, overhead lines and cable lines it is not required.

2.7.6. Admission to work is carried out after checking the preparation of the workplace. At the same time, the admitting person must check the compliance of the composition of the brigade with the composition indicated in the order or order, according to the personal certificates of the members of the brigade; prove to the team that there is no voltage by showing the installed grounding or checking the absence of voltage if the groundings are not visible from the workplace, and in electrical installations with a voltage of 35 kV and below (where the design allows) - by subsequent touching the live parts with your hand.

2.7.7. The start of work according to an order or order should be preceded by a targeted briefing, providing instructions for the safe performance of specific work in a sequential chain from the person who issued the order, gave the order to the team member (performer).

Without a targeted briefing, admission to work is not allowed.

Target briefing during work on the side is carried out:

• issuing outfit - to the responsible work manager or, if the responsible manager is not appointed, to the work foreman (supervisor);
• allowing - to the responsible work manager, the work foreman (supervising) and members of the team;
• responsible work manager - for the work foreman (supervising) and members of the team;
• the foreman (supervising) - to the members of the team.

Target briefing during work according to the order is carried out:

• giving the order - to the manufacturer (supervising) or the direct executor of the work;
• allowing - to the producer of works (supervising), members of the team (performers).

It is allowed to carry out targeted briefing by the issuer of the order, giving the order by phone.

When a new member of the brigade is introduced to the brigade, the briefing, as a rule, should be carried out by the foreman (supervisor).

2.7.8. The person issuing the order, giving the order, the responsible work manager, the work foreman in their target briefings, in addition to electrical safety issues, must give clear instructions on the technology of safe work, the use of lifting machines and mechanisms, tools and devices.

The supervisor instructs the brigade on measures for the safe conduct of work, excluding the possibility of electric shock, and on the procedure for moving members of the brigade around the territory of the electrical installation. The foreman instructs the team on the safe technology of work, the use of tools and fixtures.

The foreman in the target briefing is obliged to give comprehensive instructions to the members of the team, excluding the possibility of electric shock.

2.7.9. The person admitting in the target briefing must familiarize the members of the brigade with the content of the order, order, indicate the boundaries of the workplace, the presence of induced voltage, show the equipment closest to the workplace and current-carrying parts of the repaired and neighboring connections, which are not allowed to approach, regardless of whether they are energized or not.

2.7.10. When working on the side, the target briefing must be drawn up in the table "Registration of the target briefing at the initial admission" with the signatures of the employees who conducted and received the briefing (Appendix No. 4 to these Rules).

2.7.11. When working on the order, the target briefing must be drawn up in the appropriate column of the Journal of accounting for work on orders and orders with the signatures of the one who gave the order (instructed) and accepted the order (foreman, performer, allowing), i.e. employees who received instruction (Appendix N 5 to these Rules).

2.7.12. The permit to work is issued in both copies of the order, of which one remains with the work producer (supervisor), and the second with the employee who allows them.

When the work foreman combines the duties of an admission, the admission is issued in one copy of the order.

Admission to work by order is issued in the Journal of work on orders and orders (Appendix N 5 to these Rules) with a record of admission to work in the operational journal.

Before starting work, you must:

§ Turn on the full lighting of the workplace and make sure that the lamps work properly.

§ Check the sanitary condition of the workplace and ventilate it by opening windows or transoms and doors. Make sure that the air temperature in the workplace complies with the established sanitary standards.

§ Put on overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment.

§ Prepare the work area for safe work.

§ Check the availability and reliability of the protective earth connection to the electrical equipment housings (if the workplace is equipped with electrical equipment).

§ Make sure that the electrical equipment of the workplace (if any) is in good condition: the luminaires must be securely suspended from the ceiling and have light-scattering fittings; electrical junction boxes must be closed, and electrical sockets - with false plugs; cases and covers of switches and sockets should not have cracks and chips, as well as bare contacts. When using technical teaching aids in the classroom, make sure that they are in good condition and that the supply cables and electrical plugs are intact.

§ Prepare the necessary equipment and inventory for work. Check its correctness.

General requirements for industrial sanitation and occupational health.

The staff of the preschool institution must come to work in clean, tidy clothes and shoes. Before starting work, wash your hands thoroughly, put on a clean dressing gown or other clean suit, have a change of shoes; carefully pick up the hair under the cap or scarf. Technicians should have a separate robe for cleaning the premises, as well as a clean apron for distributing food. Before entering the toilet room, you should take off your bathrobe and wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after leaving; the use of children's toilet staff is prohibited. Before leaving the kindergarten, the dressing gown must be removed and put away in the closet.

The staff of preschool institutions is obliged to conduct a medical examination in accordance with the requirements of the "Instructions for conducting mandatory medical examinations of persons entering work and working at food enterprises, at water supply facilities, in children's institutions, etc."

Newly admitted persons without a document on the results of medical examinations and special examinations are not allowed to work.

All employees of a preschool institution associated with the maintenance and nutrition of children are required to complete a sanitary minimum course, pass an exam and strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene at work, and catering workers - and sanitary requirements for cooking technology. A repeated course of the sanitary minimum is required to take place 1 time in 2 years. All catering workers should be examined daily by a nurse for the presence of pustular diseases with a mandatory mark in a special journal.

Employees of preschool institutions who are ill or who are suspected of having a disease are not allowed or immediately suspended from work.

Safety requirements when performing work on the movement of weights.

NORM

Maximum allowable loads for women when moving weights manually

Note:

1. The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of tare and packaging.

2. When moving cargo on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.

Hello, dear readers and visitors of the Electrician's Notes website.

In this article, you will clearly see the entire sequence of technical measures for preparing a workplace in electrical installations.

To begin with, let's turn to POT R M 016-2001 (Intersectoral rules for labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations). By the way, if you want to test your knowledge in this book, then you are here:.

So, we open POT R M 016-2001, Chapter 3 and read what is written there:

To make it easier to understand what was written, as an example, consider the conclusion of the VMG-10 high-voltage oil circuit breaker for repair. Cell type - KSO, voltage class - 10 (kV).

According to POT R M 016-2001, all operational switching in existing electrical installations is carried out by operational personnel who have been assigned this right on the basis of an administrative document of the head of the enterprise. In our example, the electrical installation is above 1000 (V), so the operating personnel must have the following electrical safety groups:

• senior shift worker - IV group
• the rest of the workers in the shift - III group

All operational personnel use the following personal protective equipment (PPE):

• leather boots (protect from high temperatures)
• heat-resistant balaclava
• heat resistant gloves
• heat-resistant helmet with a protective screen with a heat-resistant edging

We will also hang a prohibition poster on the oil switch control key “Do not turn it on! People are working."

4. We put on dielectric gloves and turn off the cable disconnector.

5. Similarly, turn off the bus disconnector.

After disconnecting the bus and cable disconnectors, make sure that they are disconnected - a gap between the moving and fixed contacts should be visible.

On the handles of the manual drives of the disconnectors, we will install a blocking rod and hang prohibition posters “Do not turn on! People are working."

6. Turn off the automatic switch of operational circuits (control circuits) and hang on its power button a prohibition poster “Do not turn on! People are working."

7. Check the absence of voltage on cable 10 (kV) with a high voltage indicator UVN-10.

Before working with the UVN-10 high voltage indicator, you must make sure that it is in good working order. Let's check it on the next cell by touching the tires that are under operating voltage.

And now let's check the absence of voltage at 10 (kV) of our cell.

Let me remind you that in switchgears (RU) with a voltage above 1 (kV), it is necessary to use the UVN indicator ONLY with dielectric gloves, and the right to check for the absence of voltage can be done independently with the IV electrical safety group.

8. Install a protective earth on the cable 10 (kV).

Portable grounding should be installed at a disconnected workplace from all sides, from wheremay be filed voltage (either erroneously or abnormally).

After checking the absence of voltage on the power cable 10 (kV), we will connect it to the grounding device and install it with the help of it at the junction of the cable with the cable disconnector or special “braces”, only they must be cleaned of paint.

It is allowed to tighten the portable grounding clamps with hands in dielectric gloves or using the same insulating rod.

Let me remind you that it is necessary to install and remove portable grounding ONLY with dielectric gloves. Two employees with IV and III electrical safety groups can install portable grounding in an electrical installation above 1000 (V).

9. Check the voltage indicator UVN-10 for the absence of voltage in the cell of the oil circuit breaker 10 (kV).

Everything is done in the same way as point 7.

10. Install a portable grounding in the cell of the oil circuit breaker 10 (kV) from the side of the busbars.

Everything is done in the same way as point 8.

After installing portable grounding on the handles of the manual drives of the busbar and cable disconnectors, we will hang them.

11. Prepare a workplace for the work of teams of repair personnel.

On the cells located next to and opposite the prepared workplace, warning posters “Stop! Voltage".

All technical measures to ensure the safety of work in an electrical installation with a voltage of 10 (kV) have been completed. It remains to hang out the prescriptive poster "Work here" directly at the prepared workplace.

All is ready.

We draw up the completion of work according to the switching form and report to the shift foreman of the operational service on the completion of work on preparing the workplace.

Addition: POT R M-016-2001 is valid until August 4, 2014! Then new Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations are introduced - more on this.

P.S. In this article, I showed you in detail, using a good example with a large number of photographs, all the technical measures that ensure the safety of work that must be observed when preparing a workplace in an electrical installation with a voltage of 10 (kV). If you have any questions or additions to the material of the article, then I am ready to listen to you in the comments. Thank you for your attention.

52 comments on the entry “Technical measures for the preparation of a workplace in an electrical installation”

And you can describe the reverse process, when this oil circuit breaker is put into operation after repair. Or is the process completely similar, only now everything needs to be repeated in reverse order?

Aleksey, the actions for entering the work are somewhat different. This is the topic of a separate article. If interested, I can write.

Hello! And why is the second PZ placed after the RV-10, in the cable line, and not before the disconnector, on the switch? The 10kV circuit breakers on my substation are withdrawable (KRUN-10kV), but if I take the MKP-110 for repair according to standard forms, there is an item “Turn on the grounding knives LR-110kV (or ShR-110kV) towards the switch”. Thus, the circuit breaker with CT is protected by earths on both sides.

Alexey, this was the withdrawal task, because. in addition to the repair of the VM, it was planned to check the relay protection and test the high-voltage cable, and for this it is necessary that portable grounding be applied to the 10 (kV) cable. Those. in fact, these are technical measures to bring not only the VM, but the entire cell into repair.

In KRU-10 (kV) to work on the VM, we roll out the VM carriage and this is enough. If it is planned to work on current transformers and cable lines, then we turn on the grounding knives (Z.N.) on cable 10 (kV). I plan to write a separate article about technical measures in CRU.

Signal lamps and the position of the drive do not prove the disconnected position of the circuit breaker. a cord or signal tape is stretched from the entrance to the workplace and “stop tension” posters are hung on it. Why is there no check operation for checking off in the switching form? provisions of LR and CL. In the bank, before performing the operation, we put a tick, after the execution we cross it out with red paste, so that it is clear what we have done. We have more than 120 operations at the substation 110/35/10 when removing the transformer and section 35. And how quickly you switched, in 6 minutes, it’s necessary to check the absence of voltage and install the PZ. I would get a poke from the dispatcher for such a speed.

I know that the signal lights are not evidence of the VM's off position, so read point 2, in which I indicated that we open the mesh cage of the cell and look at the "plugs" of the oil circuit breaker and the position of the drive.

We hang the tape only on the outdoor switchgear, and in this switchgear there is one passage, and if we hang the tape, the passage will be blocked along which it is necessary to bring a working tool, test equipment, etc. to the workplace. Moreover, all cells are locked, and posters “Stop! Voltage". This is quite enough.

After the operation is completed, a tick is placed in front of it, and when the switching form is completely completed, it is crossed out, as shown in the photo.

You can see that this is an ordinary dead-end feeder. In this case, it is not necessary to parallelize, therefore there are minimal operations. When a transformer is taken out for repair at the GPP or a section at a substation, there are much more operations in the form.

Nobody gets a poke, there is no hurry, as they did, they filled the column in time. I don't really see any reason to worry here.

There are really no fences in the cells of the KRU, KSO, ropes are not needed, there are enough locks, posters. It's not the deaf-blind people who work there. And on the switchgear, of course, all this is necessary. 6 minutes, I think, is normal if all actions are worked out to automatism. And another question: why in the photo are all the dispatcher names on AV, KU, signal lamps made with abbreviations, paint and by hand? Is this allowed? Many of us would get a poke for this.

Aleksey, the substation is quite old, the inscriptions were applied during start-up and correspond to reality.

This is permissible according to the rules of the PUE, clause 4.1.3: “Switchgears and NKU must have clear inscriptions indicating the purpose of individual circuits, panels, devices. The inscriptions must be made on the front side of the device, and when servicing from both sides, also on the back side of the device "and PUE clause 1.1.28:" In electrical installations, it must be possible to easily recognize parts related to individual elements (simplicity and clarity of diagrams, proper location of electrical equipment, inscriptions, markings, colors).

Nothing is said about the method of applying inscriptions, which means that all methods have the right to exist.

I haven’t read it yet, but I’m very glad that such an article appeared !!!
It would also be very cool if we considered how electronic parts and various mechanical devices work, such as a pneumatic distributor, valves, etc.

They did not convince me about the verification operations, although they are in the photo. The instructions for operational switching say that the PSU is a clear sequence of actions and operations, and no deviations are allowed. Although if you were not allowed, then maybe you can. We were warned with the UDF that soon it would be necessary to indicate in the BP and the hanging of posters

Thanks for the material.

Why is the SR lever red? only grounding knives should be red, or am I mistaken?
Thank you for the article. And your groundings are, of course, brutal, since the times of the USSR they have probably served properly?

Emil, you are not mistaken, the handles of grounding knives are painted red. In this example, there are no grounding knives on the cell, and the substation in question is older than all of us put together. Apparently, someone once painted it, and it remains.

And groundings have served faithfully since the times of the USSR. They are reliable and there are no complaints about them, although once a site visitor reproached me that we use "unreliable" grounding. You can read the comments in the article.

electrician OVB:
06/29/2013 at 22:58

Signal lamps and the position of the actuator do not prove the open position of the circuit breaker.

Quite right, but when performing on the shutdown panel, first they are visually convinced of the disconnected position by signaling devices and measuring instruments in the success of the operation, then according to the sequence according to the switching form before performing the following operations with switching devices on the switchgear, in the switchgear in the cell. MV, BB, etc. according to the mechanical indicator of the drive: off or on. Moreover, this operation is mandatory for reflection in the BP.

After checking the absence of voltage on the power cable 10 (kV), we connect the portable ground to the grounding device and install it using an insulating rod at the junction of the cable with the cable disconnector or special “braces”, only they must be cleaned of paint.

You will have to check the absence of voltage again, immediately before applying it to the phases.

Thanks for the article, the algorithm of actions for removing cells for repair is very informative and understandable. We have exactly the same old ones on the P / st and still serve.

Thank you, good story, and illustrations too.

“And another question: why in the photo are all the dispatcher names on AV, KU, signal lamps made in abbreviations, paint and by hand? Is this allowed? Many of us would get a poke for this.”

Oh you gods! You should have seen how operational application switching is carried out at the transformer substation of the M plant. Without arc protection, without grounding. Without a PSU and without an order One transformer is leaking, another one periodically knocks out protection, the third one was dismantled for metal. Therefore, only one is in operation. And we generally had tank oilers, I won’t even name the brand, no documents have been preserved.

There are plenty of places where work has been “established” through a well-known place for more than a dozen years. People work before the state of emergency.

Here I read the comments and make sure that everyone has their own rules :) Although this is not surprising, the new rules are written in such a way that almost every paragraph of the rules should be issued local instructions. They didn't want to take responsibility.

For example, we do not require a 6 (10) kV outgoing feeder for repair according to the form. Yes, and on 110 kV lines we output without forms. Recently, the network organization sent standard forms for the withdrawal of transit lines (with permission to perform operations by one person). So everything is written in these forms (hanging up posters, locking the locks of the drives, checking the disabled (on) position of the disconnectors and grounding knives), if there were 4 points off before. MV, LR, check the absence of voltage, incl. ZN (and all this was done step by step), now there are 15 of them (approximately :)). Well, it's impossible to say that this is the wrong form. However, posting posters and checking the disabled position visually, this by itself should be on the machine (and all this is indicated in the rules).

It’s just that in the end you can reach insanity and paint down to how many steps you need to take from the control room to the switchgear, how to hang posters so that they don’t blow away with the wind, how to remove the electric lock, which side to approach, etc. Just imagine what kind of treatise will be written when the system is brought out at 110 kV for 10-20 connections (not typical). This form will be written and checked all day long, and the probability of an error creeping in increases in proportion to each item on the form, and an error can lead to an accident. As a result, as usual, we wanted the best (or, again, relieve ourselves of all responsibility), it turned out as always ...

According to this logic, I would have done the installation of the PZ according to the form and painted each item there (I would actually add this to the rules, this is where most accidents happen). In general, I like to work according to the form, it can be standard or pre-written and thought out, but as usual, there is no staff problem(

Well, we don’t have any general energy management in our country, I work at my own level (((

I would like to advise: Always when issuing a command, demand that there is no load (if possible, the outgoing ones are usually unloaded, or there is a tr-or on xx) and the absence of voltage when installing the PZ (even if knives are turned on), this will protect personnel from mistakes ( they didn’t fit there, etc.)

Got a question!!
And why, after turning off the oil circuit breaker, did they not check the absence of voltage on the disconnected current-carrying parts of the circuit breaker ???
And here is the case:
The dispatcher directs the team to turn off the oil circuit breaker at the request of consumers in the switchgear-10 kV
Disconnects then, at the direction of the dispatcher, disconnects the cable disconnector and grounds it with a cable earthing switch.
Two hours later, at the direction of the dispatcher, he turns off the cable grounding switch and, before turning on the oil switch, he tries to be smart and checks for the absence of voltage on the disconnected parts of the switch, and there the pointer beeps and howls, the change in the stopper does not understand anything and takes the oiler out for repair. In the future, when checking all the pots, they are in order. Insulation is 40 kV, leakage is 0. They ask you to explain what is the reason for such a pickup, because when the cable disconnector is turned on, the indicator works normally, showing that the switch is off.
Can you explain please

we need such a sorted topic as: “Performing measures to prepare a workplace for repairing a power voltage transformer” ... Thank you

can 1 person with group 3 and the right of sole inspection be involved in the preparation of a workplace with the imposition of portable grounding?
I'm just on shift 1

forgot to add substation 35/10 single transformer

Ivan, there is no such thing in the rules, and if there is, please indicate.

Here are links to POT R M-016-2001 for installing grounding in the switchgear:

clause 3.5.7. In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, installation and removal of grounding operations is allowed to be performed by one employee with group III from among the operating personnel.

clause 3.5.8. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, two employees must install portable grounding: one with group IV (from among the operating personnel), the other with group III; an employee with group III may be from among the repair personnel, and when grounding consumer connections, from among the consumer personnel. At remote substations, with the permission of administrative and technical or operational personnel, when installing grounding in the main circuit, the work of a second employee with group III is allowed from among the consumer personnel; grounding knives can be switched on by one employee with group IV from among the operating personnel.
An employee from among the operational personnel who has group III can turn off the grounding knives and remove portable grounding.

Good afternoon. Could you describe the Energosbyt methodology for calculating the losses of a 10/0.4 63 kVA transformer? It is not clear where some of the coefficients come from. Thank you

Hello! I would also add about checking the UVN for serviceability ... After checking, we made sure that the UVN was working, i.e. the control lamp is on and the sound indicator is working (depending on the model, but this is not the point). If we move from the cell in which the UVN was checked to the cell where it is necessary to check the absence of voltage and accidentally hit the UVN on some obstacle (for example, on the open door of the cell), then in this case it is necessary to check the UVN again for serviceability. At least this is what a person from the State Energy Supervision Authority who recently came to us said (the purpose of his visit was to familiarize himself with the changes in the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations (which is most interesting, despite the fact that the new Rules have not yet entered into force - we take exams on it already passed) .

UVN must be handled with care. This was emphasized in both old and very old rules.

I read and feel how horror creeps up when I remember working at my pumping station. What personal protective equipment, what form of switching, what dispatchers and engineers!? There is no light in the 10kV switchgear, one and a half out of 10 lamps work. And everywhere there is such gouging, wherever managers and thieves sit at the helm.

UVN, like any other pointers, up to the “screwdriver”, must always be checked before use. The more often, the better.

Igor: Yes, that's right...

Hello! I’m reading these articles and I’m surprised what kind of terminology is “adjusting”, the dog is adjusting. Installing a PZ, the normal terminology of a qualified electrician. Now: 1) it is clearly written in the rules to open the mesh fence of the KRUN cell (if equipped) is PROHIBITED. Only visual inspection and inspection of the mechanical part in the switch. 2) where is the check of dielectric gloves, timing, integrity, as well as the check of the PZ before setting up for connection.

and moreover, did the old-style UVN-10s really remain somewhere?

The rules prohibit opening a mesh fence that is in operation and energized. In our case, the workplace is being prepared and the mesh fence after turning off the VM, in any case, needs to be opened for the installation of portable grounding. Moreover, the voltage has been removed from the electrical installation, and before that we checked the actual shutdown of the VM by signal lamps and a flag on the drive.

If you mean that you opened the door of a neighboring cell that is energized, then explain what to do? How to check the UVN before checking the absence of voltage, if all the feeders at the substation are closed with doors and there is no access to them? No way, this is operational personnel, and they are obliged to check the serviceability of the UVN in any case - as it is written in the rules. Therefore, it is quite “legal” to do this in a neighboring cell in compliance with all electrical safety measures and the use of PPE: a heat-resistant suit, a helmet with a shield, dielectric gloves, etc. This is clearly visible in the photo, and in the article I listed the entire list of PPE.

With dielectric gloves, it goes without saying that you need to check not only the test stamp, but also the integrity by twisting. Here I did not say this, because. I talked about this in detail in a separate article about. For portable grounding - the same thing, this is the topic of a separate article -.

Why didn't you like the old ones? They successfully pass all tests, are mechanically sound, in a word, there are no complaints. This issue has already been raised in the comments, only on the PP (I indicated the link in the previous comment). There are new UVNs at other substations, although the first batch of Armenian UVNs was unsuccessful, the handle was only 20 (cm) long. I had to write a claim to the manufacturer and look for other suppliers.

And here's the question. Can I refuse to turn on the 380v feeder cell if it is turned on only in the open?

Tell me, why do we turn off the AV control circuits after turning off the disconnectors, and not after turning off the oil circuit breaker?

Hello Dmitry.
Please explain why, after switching off the circuit breaker, it is necessary to operate the cable disconnector and then the bus disconnector. And when you bring the scheme in reverse. Thank you.

Michael:
01/04/2015 at 11:19

The cable disconnector (KR) is switched off earlier than the bus disconnector to localize a possible accident due to errors of the operating personnel. If the opening operation of the oil circuit breaker is omitted, then when the breaker is opened under load, an arc may occur, leading to a phase-to-phase short circuit. The relay protection will work and turn off the MW of the cell being taken out for repair. The remaining cells of the section will remain in operation. The drive PE-11 for disconnection from protection requires the voltage of the operating current to operate the electromagnet of the trip. If the AV of the control circuits is turned off, then the MW of the cell will not be able to turn off. The short circuit will be disabled by the protection of the 10 kV input MV section, which will lead to a de-energization of all connections of the section.

Nicholas:
02/11/2015 at 20:13

When the cell is switched on, the bus disconnector is switched on earlier than the cable disconnector to localize a possible accident. When the bus disconnector is switched on to the switched on MW, no accident will occur. And when the cable disconnector is turned on under load, its contacts may burn out and a short circuit may occur, which will be turned off by the protection of the switched cell.
And if you turn on the cable disconnector when the MV is on, then when you turn on the bus disconnector, the arc will be on the busbars of the 10 kV section.

The same example could be used to show organizational measures. What and how is prescribed in the order and the switching form

I think you should specify how to properly install the software, step by step. From practice, not everyone knows this ...

Alexander, on portable grounding it is written in detail in POTEU (clause 20.1, clause 20.2, clause 20.3).

POTEU, clause 20.1. It is necessary to install grounding on current-carrying parts immediately after checking the absence of voltage.
POTEU, clause 20.2. Portable grounding must first be connected to the grounding device, and then, after checking the absence of voltage, installed on live parts. It is necessary to remove the portable grounding in the reverse order: first remove it from the current-carrying parts, and then disconnect it from the grounding device.
POTEU, clause 20.3. Installation and removal of portable grounding must be carried out in dielectric gloves using an insulating rod in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V. The portable grounding clamps should be fixed with the same rod.

True, it’s practically problematic to do this with a barbell and often we still tighten the clamps with our hands, but in dielectric gloves.

I meant that it is necessary to describe in detail the process of installing the software in the article. Many electricians do not know how to correctly install the PZ. Often they cannot answer such questions - how many voltage measurements need to be taken and when, how to install on the tires - from far to near, or vice versa, on which part of the tires to install.

hello this question
brought the transformer substation for repair, the dispatcher gave the command to hang out only 1 poster for BP 6 kV, do not turn on the people working, and the inspector made a remark that the posters should be hung out and on the automatic outgoing lines, the work was to replace the power transformer

and tomorrow there will be work to replace ktp with ktp where to hang posters do not turn on people work

Almost everything is described correctly.
There is only one mistake. Posters “Do not include. People are working” and “Grounded” are not hung out on the drive of the cable (we call it linear) disconnector. With this disconnector, you will not apply voltage to the workplace. Moreover, most often when repairing a cell, it also needs to be repaired, at least checked, that is, turned on, but you are forbidden to do this. Same thing with the "Grounded" poster. It should be hung out on the disconnector drive, which can supply voltage to the grounded area, which is most likely located in another electrical installation (clause 23.1. of the latest rules).
And it’s not very clear how you locked the bus disconnector from erroneous and spontaneous switching on. Usually a separate lock is hung. In your photo, both before shutdown and after the drive, they are locked by a stem, apparently associated with the drive. At what both drives are locked. It is not right. There must be separate devices - otherwise it is not clear - how, for example, to repair a cable disconnector with an unlocked bus.

Vasily, posters “Do not include. People are working” and “Grounded” are always posted, including on the cable disconnector. Yes, I understand you perfectly, but that's how we got it over time. In addition, there were cases (accidents) when reverse voltage came from the cable side (from two transformer substations). In separate instructions, we write that during the "audit, turn on the cable disconnector for the work manager." By the way, the same is true for the OTs and TS machines, or otherwise, if this is not indicated, this operation should be performed by operational personnel.

There are separate locks for each disconnector drive, they just didn’t get into the frame, plus both disconnector drives are blocked by an electromagnetic drive by lining a special spacer under the common stem. If it's not clear, I can attach a photo for clarity.

And how did the "return" come? Has the switchgear been locked on the reverse side? Was there a poster that said “Don’t turn on people working”?

4.1. Workplace preparation procedure

4.1.1. To prepare the workplace for work requiring stress relief, the following technical measures must be performed in the specified order:

The necessary shutdowns have been made and measures have been taken to prevent erroneous or spontaneous switching on of the switching equipment;

Prohibiting posters were posted on the manual drives and on the remote control keys of the switching equipment;

The absence of voltage on current-carrying parts, which must be grounded to protect people from electric shock, has been checked;

Grounding is installed (grounding knives are switched on, portable groundings are installed);

If necessary, workplaces or current-carrying parts remaining under voltage are fenced off and safety posters are posted on the fences. Depending on local conditions, current-carrying parts are protected before or after their grounding.

In case of operational maintenance of the electrical installation by two or more workers per shift, the activities listed in this paragraph must be performed by two. With sole maintenance, they can be performed by one person, except for the imposition of portable grounding and the production of switching operations carried out at two or more connections in electrical installations with a voltage above 1000 V that do not have active devices for blocking disconnectors from incorrect actions.

4.2. Shutdown (voltage relief)

4.2.1. When working on current-carrying parts that require voltage relief, the following must be turned off:

Current-carrying parts on which work will be carried out;

Unshielded current-carrying parts, to which people or repair equipment and tools, mechanisms and lifting machines can approach at a distance less than that indicated in Table 2.3.

When working on a disconnected overhead line, when the possibility of approaching the elements of this overhead line at distances less than those indicated in the third column of Table 2.3, to the current-carrying parts of other overhead lines that are energized, the latter must be turned off. VLAN, radio, suspended together with the repaired overhead line, should also be turned off.

If the current-carrying parts specified in this paragraph cannot be disconnected, they must be fenced.

4.2.2. In electrical installations above 1000 V, on each side, from where the switching device can supply voltage to the workplace, there must be a visible break formed by disconnecting or removing busbars and wires, disconnecting disconnectors, removing fuses, as well as disconnecting separators and load switches, with the exception of those , in which automatic activation is carried out by springs installed on the devices themselves.

Voltage transformers and power transformers associated with the section of the electrical installation allocated for work must also be disconnected from the side of voltage up to 1000 V to exclude the possibility of reverse transformation.

4.2.3. When preparing the workplace after switching off the disconnectors and load switches with manual control, it is necessary to visually verify their disconnected position and the absence of bypass jumpers.

4.2.4. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, the following measures must be taken to prevent erroneous or spontaneous switching on of switching devices that can supply voltage to the place of work:

At disconnectors, separators, load break switches, manual drives in the off position are locked with a mechanical lock;

At disconnectors controlled by an operational bar, stationary fences are locked with a mechanical lock;

For drives of switching devices with remote control, the power and control circuits are disconnected, and for pneumatic drives, and, in addition, on the supply pipeline of compressed air, the valve is closed and locked with a mechanical lock and compressed air is released, while the drain valves are left open position;

For load and spring drives, the closing load or closing springs are in the non-working position.

Measures to prevent erroneous switching on of switching devices of switchgear with withdrawable carts must be taken in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.

4.2.5. In electrical installations with a voltage of 6 to 10 kV with single-pole disconnectors, to prevent their erroneous switching on, it is allowed to put on special insulating pads on the knives.

4.2.6. In electrical installations up to 1000 V, on all sides of the live parts on which work will be carried out, the voltage must be removed by turning off the manually operated switching devices, and if there are fuses in the circuit, by removing the latter. If there are no fuses in the circuit, the prevention of erroneous switching on of switching devices must be ensured by such measures as locking handles or cabinet doors, closing buttons, installing insulating pads between the contacts of the switching device, etc. When the voltage is removed by a switching device with remote control, it is necessary to turn off the closing coil.

If the design of the devices and the nature of the work allow, the above measures can be replaced by splicing or disconnecting the ends of the cable, wires from the switching device or from the equipment on which the work is to be performed.

Splicing or disconnecting the cable during the preparation of the workplace can be carried out by a repair worker who has group III, under the supervision of a duty or operational repair worker. From the current-carrying parts closest to the workplace, accessible to touch, the voltage must be removed or they must be fenced.

4.2.7. The off position of switching devices up to 1000 V with contacts that are not accessible for inspection (non-withdrawable type circuit breakers, package switches, closed circuit breakers, etc.) is determined by checking the absence of voltage at their terminals or at the outgoing buses, wires or terminals of equipment switched on by these switching devices.

Intersectoral rules on labor protection when working in an electrical installation.
Content.

Section I. General provisions.

Section II. Requirements for workers in electrical installations.

Section III. Technical measures to ensure the safety of work in electrical installations with voltage relief.

Section IV. Occupational safety requirements for the performance of individual work.

Section V. Distribution devices of power plants, boiler houses, substations and electrical networks.

Section VI. Overhead power lines.

Section VII. cable lines.

Section VIII. Tests and measurements

Section IX. Dispatch and process control facilities

Section X. Admission of employees of construction and installation organizations to work in existing electrical installations and in the security zone of power lines.

Section XI. Means of protection working in electrical installations.

Section XII. Means of protection against electric fields of increased intensity.

Section XIII. Individual protection means

Section III

TECHNICAL MEASURES TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF WORK IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS WITH VOLTAGE RELIEF

Chapter 14

PREPARATION OF THE WORKPLACE. GROUND INSTALLATION. VERIFICATION OF THE ABSENCE OF VOLTAGE. FENCE OF THE WORKPLACE. HANGING POSTERS

111. To exclude the supply of voltage to the workplace, posters "DO NOT SWITCH ON! PEOPLE WORK" should be posted:

on drives (handles of drives) of disconnectors, separators and load switches with manual control;

on keys and buttons of remote and local control, as well as on automatic machines or at removed fuses of control circuits and power supply circuits of switching device drives;

on switching equipment with voltage up to 1000V (circuit breakers, knife switches);

for removed fuses - on connections with voltage up to 1000V that do not have switching devices (circuit breakers or knife switches);

on fences - at disconnectors controlled by an operational bar;

for single-pole disconnectors - on the drive of each pole;

in KRU - in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 209 of these Intersectoral Rules.

112. On the drives of the disconnectors, which are turned off for the operation of the overhead line or cable lines, regardless of the number of working teams, one poster "DO NOT SWITCH ON! WORK ON THE LINE" should be posted. This poster is posted and removed at the direction of operational personnel, who gives permission for the preparation of jobs and keeps records of the number of teams working on the line.

113. A poster "DO NOT OPEN! PEOPLE WORK" is hung on the valves that close the access of air to the pneumatic actuators of the switches.

114. It is necessary to check the absence of voltage with a voltage indicator, the serviceability of which must be established before use using special devices intended for this purpose or by approaching live parts that are known to be energized.

In electrical installations with voltages above 1000V, it is necessary to use a voltage indicator with electrically insulating gloves.

In electrical installations of 35 kV and above, to check the absence of voltage, you can use an insulating rod, touching it several times to live parts. A sign of no voltage is the absence of sparking and crackling.

On single-circuit overhead lines of 330 kV and above, a sufficient sign of the absence of voltage is the absence of corona.

115. In switchgears, it is allowed to check the absence of voltage by one employee from among the operational and repair personnel who has an electrical safety group IV in electrical installations with voltages above 1000V and an electrical safety group III in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000V.

On overhead lines, two employees must perform a voltage absence check: on overhead lines with voltages above 1000V - having electrical safety groups IV and III, on overhead lines with voltage up to 1000V - having electrical safety group III.

116. It is allowed to check the absence of voltage by reconciling the circuit in kind:

in switchgear, complete transformer substations (hereinafter referred to as PTS), mast transformer substations (hereinafter referred to as MTP) of outdoor installation, outdoor switchgear and on overhead lines in case of fog, rain, snowfall in the absence of special voltage indicators, as well as in electrical installations, the design feature of which (sealed , insulated current-carrying parts) does not allow you to check the absence of voltage with a voltage indicator;

in outdoor switchgear 330kV and above and on double-circuit overhead lines 330kV and above.

When reconciling the circuit in kind, the absence of voltage at the inputs of the overhead line and cable lines is confirmed by the person on duty, in whose operational control are the lines.

On overhead lines, the alignment of the circuit in kind consists in checking the direction and external signs of the lines, as well as the designations on the supports, which must correspond to the dispatcher names of the lines.

117. In electrical installations that have sealed, insulated live parts, the alignment of the circuit consists in checking the selected direction according to operational inscriptions, as well as checking the switched off position of the switching device, including on the reverse side of the line, from where voltage can be applied. Checking the disconnected position of the switching device is carried out by mechanical indicators of the position of the drive shaft, rigidly connected to the moving contacts, as well as by checking the absence of voltage in specially made sockets that are electrically connected to current-carrying parts through a voltage divider.

118. On an overhead line with a voltage of 6 - 10 kV, the absence of voltage must be checked with a voltage indicator, for which it is not necessary to ground the working part.

119. On overhead lines when suspended at different levels, check the absence of voltage with a pointer or rod and grounding should be installed from the bottom up, starting from the bottom wire. With a horizontal suspension, the test must begin with the nearest wire.

120. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000V with a grounded neutral, when using a two-pole indicator, it is necessary to check the absence of voltage both between the phases and between each phase and the grounding (neutral) conductor. It is allowed to use a previously checked voltmeter.

It is forbidden to use test lamps to check the absence of voltage.

121. Devices signaling the disconnected position of the apparatus, blocking devices, permanently on voltmeters, indicator indicators, and the like are additional means of confirming the absence of voltage, and based on their readings, it is impossible to draw a conclusion about the absence of voltage.

122. It is necessary to install grounding on current-carrying parts immediately after checking the absence of voltage.

123. Portable grounding must first be connected to a grounding device, and then, after checking the absence of voltage, installed on live parts.

It is necessary to remove the portable grounding in the reverse order: first remove it from the current-carrying parts, and then disconnect it from the grounding device.

124. Installation and removal of portable grounding must be carried out in electrically insulating gloves using an insulating rod in electrical installations above 1000V. The portable grounding clamps should be fixed with the same rod or directly with hands in electrically insulating gloves.

125. The cross section of the portable grounding conductor must meet the requirements of thermal resistance in case of single-phase and short phase-to-phase short circuits. It is forbidden to use for grounding conductors not intended for this purpose, except for the cases specified in paragraph 189 of these Interbranch Rules.

126. Installation of grounding in switchgears and overhead lines must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 35 and Chapter 36 of these Interbranch Rules.

127. In electrical installations, posters "Grounded" should be posted on the drives of disconnectors, separators and load switches, as well as on the keys and buttons for remote control of switching devices, when turned on, voltage can be applied to the grounded section of the electrical installation.

128. For temporary fencing of live parts remaining energized, shields, screens, screens made of insulating materials can be used.

When installing temporary fences without de-energizing, the distance from them to current-carrying parts must be at least the permissible distance to live parts that are energized in accordance with Appendix 5. In electrical installations with a voltage of 6-10 kV, this distance can be reduced to 0.35 m.

Temporary fences should be marked with the inscription "STOP! VOLTAGE" or appropriate posters should be fixed.

129. In electrical installations with voltage up to 10 kV, in cases where it is impossible to protect the current-carrying parts with shields, it is allowed to use insulating pads placed between disconnected and energized live parts (for example, between the contacts of a disconnected disconnector). These pads may touch live parts under voltage.

Install and remove the insulating pads must be two employees with electrical safety groups IV and III. The senior of them should be from the operational and repair personnel. When handling overlays, electrically insulating gloves and an electrically insulating rod should be used.

130. On the fences of the cells, cabinets and panels bordering the workplace, posters "STOP! VOLTAGE" should be posted.

131. In outdoor switchgear, during work carried out from the ground, and on equipment installed on foundations and separate structures, the workplace must be fenced (with the passage, passage left) with a rope, rope or cord made of vegetable or synthetic fibers with posters hung on them " STOP! VOLTAGE" facing the inside of the fenced area.

It is allowed to use structures not included in the workplace area for rope suspension, provided that they remain outside the fenced area.

When voltage is removed from the entire outdoor switchgear, with the exception of linear disconnectors, the latter must be fenced with a rope with posters "STOP! VOLTAGE".

In outdoor switchgear, when working in secondary circuits, by order, it is not required to enclose the workplace.

132. In the outdoor switchgear, in sections of structures along which it is possible to pass from the workplace to the areas adjacent to it under voltage, clearly visible posters "STOP! VOLTAGE" should be installed. These posters can be installed by an employee who has an electrical safety group III, from among the repair personnel under the guidance of an admitting person.

On adjacent structures, along which it is possible to climb to parts of the electrical installation that are energized, and bordering on the one on which it is allowed to climb, posters "DO NOT CLIMB! KILL" must be hung below.

On fixed ladders and structures, on which it is allowed to climb for work, a poster "CLIMB HERE" must be posted.

133. At prepared workplaces in electrical installations, except for overhead lines and cable lines, a poster "WORK HERE" should be posted.

134. It is not allowed to remove or rearrange before the completion of work posters and fences installed during the preparation of workplaces allowing, except as specified in the line "Separate instructions" of the order.