Because of what Lensky died. Analysis of the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin: what is its significance in the novel? How is the main character revealed in this scene?

This explains the mistake of those who accuse Onegin of deliberate murder.
https://ru-bykov.livejournal.com/3334566.html

Let us turn to the history of the duel between Onegin and Lensky. That it was possible to shoot in the air, Bykov takes from Pisarev, and both simply do not know how it was with duels in those days. But if the commoner Pisarev can be forgiven, then the commoner Bykov's ignorance in this matter is unforgivable. For Lotman explained everything long ago. The rules of duels changed throughout the 19th century, and in Pushkin's time they were the most severe and rigidly ritualized.

Zaretsky was obliged to discuss the possibility of reconciliation when handing over the cartel. But this “bachelor of the family” hastened to take his leave, “having a lot to do” ...

Secondly, according to the rules, Zaretsky was obliged to make an attempt at reconciliation before the start of the fight. He did not even hint about it, and Onegin, in the position of being summoned, could not recall it. It was supposed to wait on the spot for a quarter of an hour (after which the duel was declared invalid, and the seconds of the one who appeared should draw up a protocol about this). Onegin was two hours late, but the duel was not cancelled. Seconds should be equal in position, he brought a servant, which was an insult to Zaretsky. And for the second time he insulted him quite directly: Although he is not a famous person, // but certainly an honest fellow. // Zaretsky bit his lip...

Onegin did everything that depended on him so that the duel did not take place, violating all the established rules. Zaretsky preferred not to notice anything - he really wanted a bloody duel to take place. He even silently endured the double insult by Onegin. In this light, the author's characterization of him as a pedant in dueling rules is downright mocking.

Bykov claims that Onegin could have refused the duel, but did not do so, as he valued Zaretsky's opinion. Another slander against Onegin, another invention of our dashing friend. Zaretsky knew how, says the poet, “To quarrel young friends // And put them on the barrier, // Or force them to reconcile, // In order to have breakfast together, // And then secretly dishonor // With a cheerful joke, a lie.”

The reputation is still ... But here, after all, everything is written in black and white:

He had to disarm
Young heart. "But now
It's too late; time has flown...
... Besides - he thinks - in this matter
The old duelist intervened;
He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker...
Of course there must be contempt
At the cost of his funny words,
But the whisper, the laughter of fools ... "
And here is the public opinion! (Ch. 6, XI, italics mine - EAT)

Onegin knew that if he directly refused the duel, Zaretsky would blather everywhere, and even embellish it. For a man of honor, the rejection of the challenge in itself, regardless of motivation, was unacceptable, but Onegin, cursing himself for what happened, still considers such an option ... However, this meant being branded a coward for the whole world.

You can only try to prevent the duel by breaking the rules... Being late can have a thousand reasons... They will reassign, but the enemy will have time to cool down... And Zaretsky will not dare to spread bad rumors, otherwise Onegin will be obliged to call him to prove that he is not a coward. .. Everything was calculated by both, but Zaretsky violated the rules, knowing that Lensky would not protest, and Onegin could not ...

“Onegin’s words addressed to Lensky, “Well, shall we begin?” should be understood as said after a pause, during which Onegin vainly expected conciliatory steps from Zaretsky, writes Lotman. “It is significant that with these words he, contrary to all the rules (enemies on the battlefield do not enter into any direct relations), turned directly to Lensky, defiantly ignoring Zaretsky.”

“Onegin’s behavior in the duel irrefutably testifies that the author wanted to make him a murderer involuntarily,” continues Yu. M.

For all contemporaries of P, it was obvious that he who wants to kill the enemy does not shoot first (converged from 32 steps). He allows the enemy to shoot first, and then (if not killed) requires him to the barrier (10 or even 6 steps) and shoots him at close range. True, at the discretion of the seconds, the rules left the possibility of setting the condition that after the first shot (whoever fired it), both participants remain in the place where they were caught by the shot. Zaretsky did not do this either.

Therefore, Onegin fired first - when they had just begun to converge, but had not yet reached the barrier. He aimed, most likely at the feet of the enemy, because an unsuccessful duel was not allowed, it had to be repeated. Lotman gives many examples of real duels of the time and mentions the case when the one who aimed at the legs hit the chest.

In the light of everything that has gone before, what happened on the Black River becomes somewhat clearer. The conditions of that duel provided that after the first shot, both remain in place. So writes Lotman. Dantès, most likely knowing that Pushkin was an excellent shot, fired first to prevent the convergence to the barrier. How good a marksman he was, we do not know. We know where the bullet hit, but where he was aiming, we are unlikely to find out. There is still a lot of uncertainty about how Dantes survived when Pushkin's return shot hit him in the chest...

The question why Onegin killed Lensky is asked by many readers of Pushkin's immortal novel. In the eyes of a modern person, the duel that took place between young people looks absurd, meaningless. The reason for her was trifling. Besides, Onegin and Lensky are comrades. How could it happen that the heroes met in a duel, and one of them died? Why did Pushkin come up with such a denouement of their acquaintance?

To understand, you need to know a little about the characters themselves. Onegin is an aristocrat to the marrow of his bones: by blood, status in society, behavior. From childhood, Eugene had access to all the delights of a luxurious social life, and by the age of 24 he was mortally tired of them. Onegin no longer finds pleasure in all these balls, gossip, intrigues.

He despises the representatives of his circle - people, in his opinion, empty and worthless. He has a sharp critical mind. A young man wants something more in life, something meaningful, real. However, he cannot change himself, and remains just a cynic looking down on the world.

Lensky is quite another matter. First, he is younger. Vladimir is only 18 years old. Secondly, he has a completely different temperament. Lensky is a romantic, an enthusiastic person who likes life as it is. The future looks great to him. Before us is a dreamer, a poet. If Onegin can be called cold-blooded, then Lensky is hot and ardent.

It is difficult to understand what brought together such different people. Nevertheless, having met in the village, they began to communicate and even became friends. Perhaps the law of mutual attraction of opposites worked here. Then why was that fatal shot that cut short his young life and why did Eugene Onegin kill Lensky?

The reason for the duel was an incident at the Larins' ball. Lensky invited Onegin there. The latter was unbearably bored to be at this, in his opinion, useless gathering. He was angry with Vladimir for the invitation and began to flirt with Olga Larina, Lensky's lover.

The coquettish and stupid girl accepted the courtship of the young man, although there was nothing serious on either side. Naturally, Lensky was touched by this flirtation. He is young, hot and emotional. His challenge to Onegin is quite logical.

Eugene could have refused, explained himself to a friend, dissuaded him from a fatal step, apologized. For an adult person who has known life, who has a cold head, just such behavior would be logical. However, Onegin accepted the challenge. And here it is necessary to "bring to the light of God" the true reason for the duel.

Both - Eugene and Vladimir were brought up in the western spirit fashionable for that period. The boys were raised by foreign tutors who instilled in them the values ​​of Europe, where duels were in the order of things. In Pushkin's Russia, this way of sorting things out has already taken root. This was approved by the high society. It was considered cowardly not to challenge the offender to a duel, and shameful not to “pick up the glove”.

With Lensky, in this case, everything is clear, but how could Onegin, who despised the high society with its "rotten" values, be led by the traditions that disgusted him so much? The whole point is that, despising his contemporary society, Eugene continued to be a part of it.

Therefore, he could not act contrary to public opinion, even in the face of death. This contradiction is the tragedy of the hero. This is precisely the real reason for the duel, which Pushkin wanted to show that it is not enough to deny something, you also need to be able to resist it, have courage, and remain true to your principles.
Onegin was weak. He took the life of not only his young comrade, but to some extent himself. Having betrayed his ideals, following the lead of society, Eugene buried himself spiritually. So terrible, but fair, was the retribution for Onegin's double standards.

In the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" one of the saddest scenes is the duel between Lensky and Onegin. But why did the author decide to bring them into a duel? What motivated young people? Could this situation have been avoided? Below is an analysis of the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin.

Before moving on to the discussion, let's make up the duels of Onegin and Lensky. This is necessary so that the review of the scene goes consistently, and the reader can understand why this episode was introduced into the novel.

Reasons for the fight

Why did Lensky challenge his friend to a duel? Readers will remember that Vladimir was a man of a soft, romantic disposition, in contrast to Yevgeny, a cynical person who was tired of the world, always bored. The reason for the duel is banal - jealousy. But who and why was jealous?

Lensky brought Onegin to Larina. If Vladimir had his own interest (he was the bridegroom of the sister of the birthday girl, Olga), then Eugene was bored. To this is added the attention of Tatyana, who is in love with him. All this only irritates the young man, and he chose Lensky as the reason for his bad mood.

Onegin decides to take revenge on his friend for spoiling the evening and begins to court his bride. Olga was a windy girl, so she gladly accepted Evgeny's courtship. Lensky does not understand what is happening and, determined to put an end to it, invites her to dance. But Olga ignores his invitation and continues to waltz with Onegin. Humiliated, Lensky leaves the party and challenges his only friend to a duel.

Brief description of the duel between Onegin and Lensky

Eugene receives a call through Zaretsky, an acquaintance of Lensky. Onegin understands that he was to blame, that such stupidity is not worth having best friends shoot because of it. He repents and realizes that the meeting could have been avoided, but proud young people do not refuse the fatal meeting...

When analyzing the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin, one should note Yevgeny's attempts to provoke Vladimir's refusal to duel: he is an hour late, appoints a servant as his second. But Lensky prefers not to notice this and waits for a friend.

Zaretsky counts the required number of steps, the young people are preparing to shoot. While Lensky takes aim, Onegin shoots first. Vladimir dies instantly, Eugene, shocked by this, leaves. Zaretsky, taking Lensky's body, goes to the Larins.

Could there be another outcome of the fight?

Analyzing the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin, it should be noted what role Zaretsky played in this story. If you carefully read the novel, you can find lines that hint at the fact that it was he who persuaded Lensky to call Onegin to shoot himself.

It was also in the power of Zaretsky to prevent the duel. After all, Eugene realized his guilt and no longer wanted to participate in this farce. And Levin's second was supposed to try to reconcile the rivals, but this was not done. Zaretsky could cancel the duel just because Onegin was late for it, and his second was a servant, although according to the rules of a duel, only people of equal social status could be seconds. Zaretsky was the sole arbiter of the duel, but he did nothing to prevent the fatal duel.

The result of the duel

What happened to Onegin after the duel? Nothing, he just left the village. In those days, duels were forbidden, so it is obvious that the cause of Lensky's death was presented to the police in a completely different way. A simple monument was erected to Vladimir Lensky, his bride Olga soon forgot about him and married another.

How is the main character revealed in this scene?

When schoolchildren write an essay on the analysis of the episode of the duel between Onegin and Lensky, they pay great attention to which side Eugene reveals himself. It seems that he does not depend on the opinion of society and is tired of the circle of aristocrats with whom he revels and has fun. But is it because he does not refuse a duel that he is actually afraid of what society will say about him? Suddenly he will be considered a coward who did not defend his honor?

An analysis of the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin presents a somewhat different image before the reader's eyes: Eugene is a weak-willed person who is guided not by his own judgments, but by the opinion of the world. For the sake of his selfishness, he decided to take revenge on Vladimir, not thinking about hurting his feelings. Yes, he tried to avoid the duel, but still he did not apologize and did not explain anything to his friend.

At the end of the analysis of the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin, one should write about the significance of the scene for the novel. It is in this fight that the real character of Eugene is revealed. Here his spiritual weakness, the duality of nature is manifested. Zaretsky can be compared with a secular society, the condemnation of which the hero is so afraid of.

The death of Lensky suggests that people with a fine mental organization cannot survive in a deceitful one. They are too elevated, sensitive and sincere. It is worth noting that Eugene Onegin is a collective character who has absorbed the typical features of secular society.

But as readers know, the author did not spare Onegin, and in literature he is considered a cynical hero with a hard heart. He rejected Tatyana's love, ruined a friend, played with human feelings. And when he repented and realized that he had done wrong, it was already too late. Onegin never found his happiness, his destiny is loneliness among people who are not interesting to him ...

This was a brief analysis of the episode of the duel between Onegin and Lensky, which reveals the essence of this scene in the work.

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THE POET IS A SLAVE OF HONOR IS KILLED!!

Boris Kustodiev Pushkin on the Neva embankment 1915

Today I want to recall one of the most famous literary duels. In rankings, social In the polls, I'm sure she should be number one in popularity. But first, let's remember the names of the duelists.

EUGENE ONEGIN

A. Samokhvalov Onegin at the ball

He is the protagonist of the novel - a young landowner. Onegin is the son of a wealthy gentleman, "the heir to all his relatives." He did not have to work because of a piece of bread, "hard work was sickening to him." The upbringing received by Eugene was the worst. He grew up without a mother. The father, a frivolous gentleman, an official, did not pay any attention to his son, entrusting him to hired tutors and governesses. They taught the boy almost nothing, did not educate him in any way and only slightly scolded him for pranks.
In Petersburg, Onegin leads an empty, aimless and empty life. Meeting with friends in a restaurant, visiting the theater, balls, wooing women.
Tired of being bored in Petersburg, Onegin goes to be bored in the countryside. And here his life is not distinguished by a wealth of events: swimming in the river, horseback riding and walking, reading magazines, kissing serf girls.

VLADIMIR LENSKY

A. Samokhvalov Lensky before the duel

Onegin's "half-Russian neighbor", "an admirer of Kant and a poet" has no clear idea of ​​real life. Lensky is young. He is 18 years old in the novel. He is 8 years younger than Onegin. Nevertheless, Lensky graduated from the best university in Germany. Lensky is partly a young Onegin, not yet mature, not having time to experience pleasure and not knowing deceit, but already heard about light and read about it.
Lensky is a friend worthy of Onegin. He, like Onegin, is one of the best people in Russia at that time. A poet, an enthusiast, he is full of childish faith in people, romantic friendship to the grave and eternal love. Lensky is noble, educated, his feelings and thoughts are pure, his enthusiasm is sincere. He loves life.
And it is precisely such a positive character that the author “kills” in a duel.

The history of the duel itself seems to be banal and simple. Lensky is in love with Tatyana Larina's sister, Olga. Olga's romance with Lensky is developing rapidly. They walk, read, play chess. Lensky thinks about his beloved all the time.
Lensky invites Onegin to Tatyana's name day. Onegin agrees to go.
Onegin deliberately courts and dances only with Olga, she promised him all the dances. Lensky is jealous, leaves with the thought of a duel. Noticing Vladimir's absence, Onegin became sad, and so did Olga. Lensky chooses his second:
Zaretsky, once a brawler,
Ataman of the gambling gang,
The head of the rake, the tribune of the tavern...
Zaretsky brings Lensky's challenge to Onegin. Having received a duel challenge, knowing full well his wrong and the senselessness of this duel, Onegin nevertheless accepts the challenge and kills his young friend Vladimir Lensky.
The murder of Lensky turned Onegin's whole life upside down. He is no longer able to stay in those places where everything reminded him of his terrible crime, "Where the bloodied shadow appeared to him every day."

Well, now read the stanzas of the novel and look at the artists' illustrations for this chapter.

CHAPTER SIX

F. Konstantinov Onegin and Lensky
.......

IX
It was pleasant, noble,
Short call, il cartel:
Courteously, with cold clarity
He called his friend Lensky to a duel.
Onegin from the first movement,
To the ambassador of such a commission
Turning around, without further ado
Said he was always ready.
Zaretsky got up without explanation;
Didn't want to stay
Having a lot to do at home
And immediately went out; but Eugene
Alone with your soul
He was dissatisfied with himself.

X
And rightly so: in a strict analysis,
Calling himself to a secret court,
He blamed himself for many things:
First of all, he was wrong
What is above love, timid, tender
So the evening joked casually.
And secondly: let the poet
Fooling around; at eighteen
It is forgiving. Eugene,
Loving the young man with all my heart,
Was supposed to render myself
Not a ball of prejudice,
Not an ardent boy, a fighter,
But a husband with honor and intelligence.

XI
He could find feelings
And not to bristle like a beast;
He had to disarm
Young heart. "But now
It's too late; time has flown...
Besides - he thinks - in this matter
The old duelist intervened;
He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker...
Of course, there must be contempt
At the cost of his funny words,
But the whisper, the laughter of fools ... "
And here is the public opinion! 38
Spring of honor, our idol!
And that's what the world revolves on!

XII
Seething with impatient enmity,
The poet is waiting for an answer at home;
And here's the eloquent neighbor
Brought solemnly the answer.
Now it's a holiday for the jealous!
He was afraid that the prankster
Didn't joke around,
Inventing a trick and chest
Turned away from the gun.
Doubts are now resolved.
They must go to the mill
Arrive tomorrow before dawn
Pull the trigger on each other
And aim at the thigh or at the temple.
.........

XIX
All evening Lensky was distracted,
Now silent, then cheerful again;
But the one who is cherished by the muse,
Always like this: furrowing his brow,
He sat down at the clavichord
And he took some chords on them,
That, looking at Olga,
Whisperer: Isn't it true? I'm happy.
But it's too late; time to go. shrunk
It has a heart full of longing;
Saying goodbye to a young maiden,
It seemed to be torn apart.
She looks into his face.
"What's wrong with you?" - So. - And on the porch.

XX
Arriving home, pistols
He examined, then put
Again them in a box and, undressed,
By candlelight, Schiller opened;
But thought alone embraces him;
In it, a sad heart does not sleep:
With indescribable beauty
He sees Olga in front of him.
Vladimir closes the book
Takes a pen; his poetry,
Full of love nonsense
They sound and flow. Reads them
He is out loud, in lyrical heat,
Like Delvig drunk at a feast.

A. Kostin Lensky before the duel
..........

XXIII
So he wrote dark and sluggish
(What we call romanticism,
Although there is no romanticism here
I don't see; what's in it for us?)
And finally before dawn
Bowing your weary head
On the buzzword ideal
Quietly Lensky dozed off;
But only sleepy charm
He forgot, already a neighbor
The office enters the silent
And wakes up Lensky with an appeal:
“It’s time to get up: it’s already seven o’clock.
Onegin is surely waiting for us.”

XXIV
But he was wrong: Eugene
Slept in a dead sleep at this time.
The shadows are already thinning at night
And met Vesper with a rooster;
Onegin sleeps deeply.
The sun is rolling high
And a migratory blizzard
Shines and curls; but the bed
Eugene has not left yet,
A dream still flies over him.
He finally woke up
And the veil parted the floors;
Looks - and sees that it's time
It's been a long time to leave the yard.

XXV
He calls quickly. Runs in
To him the servant of the Frenchman Guillo,
Bathrobe and shoes offers
And gives him clothes.
Onegin hurries to get dressed,
Servant tells to get ready
To go with him and with you
Also take a combat box.
Running sleds are ready.
He sat down, flies to the mill.
Rushed. He tells the servant
Lepage 39 fatal trunks
Carry after him, and the horses
Drive off into the field to two oak trees.

XXVI
Lean on the dam, Lensky
I've been waiting impatiently for a long time;
Meanwhile, the village mechanic,
Zaretsky condemned millstones.
Onegin goes with an apology.
"But where," he said with astonishment
Zaretsky, where is your second?
In duels, a classic and a pedant,
He loved the method out of feeling,
And stretch the man
He allowed - not somehow,
But in the strict rules of art,
According to all the legends of antiquity
(What we should praise in it).

XXVII
"My second? Eugene said,
Here he is: my friend, monsieur Guillot
I foresee no objection
For my presentation:
Although he is an unknown person,
But certainly an honest little one.”
Zaretsky bit his lip.
Onegin Lensky asked:
"Well, start?" - Let's start, perhaps.
Vladimir said. And let's go
For the mill. While away
Our Zaretsky and honest fellow
Entered into an important agreement
Enemies stand with downcast eyes.

A.Samokhvalov Seconds before the duel

XXVIII
Enemies! How long apart
Was their bloodlust taken away?
How long have they been hours of leisure,
Meal, thoughts and deeds
Shared together? Now it's wicked
Like hereditary enemies,
As in a terrible, incomprehensible dream,
They are each other in silence
Prepare for death in cold blood...
Do not laugh at them until
Their hand did not turn red,
Do not part amicably? ..
But wildly secular feud
Fear of false shame.

XXIX
Now the pistols are flashing
A hammer rattles on a ramrod.
Bullets go into the faceted barrel,
And he pulled the trigger for the first time.
Here is gunpowder in a grayish stream
Falls on the shelf. jagged,
Securely screwed flint
Still raised. For the near stump
Guillo becomes embarrassed.
Cloaks are thrown by two enemies.
Zaretsky thirty-two steps
Measured with excellent accuracy,
Friends spread on the last trace,
And each took his gun.

F. Konstantinov Duel of Onegin and Lensky

"Now come down."
in cold blood
Not a target yet, two enemies
Gait firm, quiet, even
Four steps passed
Four death steps.
Your gun then Eugene,
Never stop advancing
Became the first to quietly raise.
Here are five more steps
And Lensky, screwing up his left eye,
He also began to aim - but just
Onegin fired... They struck
Fixed hours: poet
Silently drops the gun

Ilya Repin Duel of Onegin with Lensky 1899

He puts his hand gently on his chest
And falls. misty eye
Depicts death, not flour.
So slowly down the mountain slope
Shining sparks in the sun,
A block of snow falls.
Immersed in instant cold
Onegin hurries to the young man,
He looks, calls him ... in vain:
He no longer exists. Young singer
Found an untimely end!
The storm has died, the color is beautiful
Withered at the dawn,
Extinguished the fire on the altar!..

XXXII
He lay motionless, and strange
There was a languid world of his chela.
He was wounded through the chest;
Smoking, blood flowed from the wound.
A moment ago
In this heart beat inspiration,
Enmity, hope and love,
Life played, blood boiled:
Now, as in an empty house,
Everything in it is both quiet and dark;
It is silent forever.
Shutters closed, windows chalked
Whitewashed. There is no hostess.
Where, God knows. Lost a trace.

XXXIII
Pleasantly cheeky epigram
Enrage a blundered enemy;
It's nice to see how he is, stubbornly
Bowing his boisterous horns,
Involuntarily looking in the mirror
And he is ashamed to recognize himself;
It's nicer if he, friends,
Howl foolishly: it's me!
Even more pleasant in silence
Him to prepare an honest coffin
And quietly aim at the pale forehead
At a noble distance;
But send him to his fathers
You will hardly be pleased.

XXXIV
Well, if your pistol
A young friend is smitten,
With an immodest look, or an answer,
Or another trifle
Who offended you over a bottle,
Or even himself in an ardent annoyance
Proudly challenging you to battle,
Say: with your soul
What feeling will take over
When immovable, on the ground
Before you with death on your forehead,
He gradually stiffens
When he is deaf and silent
To your desperate call?

E. Samokish-Sudkovskaya Death of Lensky 1900s

In anguish of heart remorse,
hand holding a pistol,
Yevgeny looks at Lensky.
"Well? killed, ”the neighbor decided.
Killed!.. With a terrible exclamation
Struck, Onegin with a shudder
He leaves and calls people.
Zaretsky carefully puts
On the sleigh the corpse is icy;
He brings home a terrible treasure.
Sensing the dead, they snore
And the horses are fighting with white foam
Steel wet the bit,
And they flew like an arrow.

The text of the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" was used
materials of the site "Eugene Onegin"