The problem of life choice and achievement - arguments and composition. Essay-reasoning on the topic of heroism - the problem of heroism in literary works The problem of heroism during the war arguments

Introduction

1 The heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War

2 The origins of the mass heroism of the Soviet people

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

The Soviet people were seriously alarmed by the war, the sudden attack of fascist Germany, but they were not spiritually depressed and confused. He was sure that the insidious and strong enemy would receive a proper rebuff. All means and methods of spiritual influence, all branches and sections of spiritual culture and art, immediately began to work to raise the people to the Patriotic War, to inspire their Armed Forces for selfless struggle. "Get up, huge country, get up for a mortal battle with the dark fascist force, with the damned horde" - the song called everyone and everyone. The people felt themselves to be a full-fledged subject of the spiritual life of mankind, they took on the mission of fighting the fascist invasion not only as a defense of their historical existence, but also as a great salvific universal task.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 clearly showed that the spiritual struggle significantly affects the entire course of the military struggle. If the spirit is broken, the will is broken, the war will be lost even with military-technical and economic superiority. And vice versa, the war is not lost if the spirit of the people is not broken, even with great initial successes of the enemy. And this was convincingly proved by the Patriotic War. Each battle, each operation of this war represents the most complex forceful and spiritual action at the same time.

The war lasted 1418 days. All of them are filled with the bitterness of defeats and the joy of victories, large and small losses. How much and what kind of spiritual strength was required to overcome this path?!

May 9, 1945 is not only a victory for weapons, but also a victory for the national spirit. Millions of people do not stop thinking about its origin, results and lessons. What was the spiritual power of our people? Where to look for the origins of such mass heroism, steadfastness and fearlessness?

All of the above justifies the relevance of this topic.

The purpose of the work: the study and analysis of the causes of the heroism of the Soviet people on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

The work consists of introduction, 2 chapters, conclusion and list of references. The total volume of work is 16 pages.

1 The heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War is an ordeal that befell the Russian people. From the very first days of the war, we had to deal with a very serious enemy who knew how to wage a big modern war. Hitler's mechanized hordes, regardless of losses, rushed forward and betrayed to fire and sword everything that they met on the way. It was necessary to sharply turn the whole life and consciousness of the Soviet people, morally and ideologically organize and mobilize them for a hard and long struggle.

All means of spiritual influence on the masses, agitation and propaganda, political mass work, the press, cinema, radio, literature, art - were used to explain the goals, nature and characteristics of the war against Nazi Germany, to solve military problems in the rear and at the front, to achieve victory over the enemy.

Exciting documents have been preserved - suicide notes of some Soviet soldiers. The lines of the notes resurrect before us in all their beauty the appearance of people who are courageous and infinitely devoted to the Motherland. An unshakable faith in the strength and invincibility of the Motherland is permeated by the collective testament of 18 members of the underground organization of the city of Donetsk: “Friends! We are dying for a just cause... Don't lay down your hands, rise up, beat the enemy at every turn. Farewell, Russian people."

The Russian people spared neither strength nor life in order to hasten the hour of victory over the enemy. Shoulder to shoulder with men, our women also forged victory over the enemy. They courageously endured the incredible hardships of wartime, they were unparalleled workers in factories, collective farms, hospitals and schools.

The divisions of the people's militia, created by the working people of Moscow, fought heroically. During the defense of Moscow, the capital's party and Komsomol organizations sent up to 100,000 communists and 250,000 Komsomol members to the front. Almost half a million Muscovites came to the construction of defensive lines. They surrounded Moscow with anti-tank ditches, barbed wire, trenches, gouges, pillboxes, bunkers, etc.

The motto of the guards - to be always heroes - found a vivid embodiment in the immortal feat of the Panfilovites, which was accomplished by 28 fighters of the 316th division of General I.V. Panfilov. Defending the line at the Dubosekovo junction, this group, under the command of political instructor V.G. Klochkov, on November 16 entered into combat with 50 German tanks, accompanied by a large detachment of enemy machine gunners. Soviet soldiers fought with unparalleled courage and stamina. “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat. Behind Moscow, ”the political instructor addressed the soldiers with such an appeal. And the soldiers fought to the death, 24 of them, including VG Klochkov, died the death of the brave, but the enemy did not pass here.

The example of the Panfilovites was followed by many other units and units, crews of aircraft, tanks and ships.

In all its grandeur, the legendary feat of the landing detachment under the command of Senior Lieutenant K.F. Olshansky appears before us. A detachment of 55 sailors and 12 Red Army soldiers in March 1944 made a daring raid on the German garrison in the city of Nikolaev. Eighteen fierce attacks were repulsed by Soviet soldiers during the day, destroying four hundred Nazis and knocking out several tanks. But the paratroopers also suffered huge losses, their strength was running out. By this time, the Soviet troops, advancing on Nikolaev bypass, achieved decisive success. The city was free.

All 67 participants in the landing, 55 of them posthumously, were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war years, this high title was awarded to 11,525 people.

“Win or die” was the only question in the war against German fascism, and our soldiers understood this. They deliberately gave their lives for their homeland when the situation demanded it. The legendary scout N.I. Kuznetsov, going behind enemy lines with a mission, wrote: “I love life, I am still very young. But because the Fatherland, which I love like my own mother, requires me to sacrifice my life in the name of liberating her from the German occupiers, I will do it. Let the whole world know what a Russian patriot and Bolshevik is capable of. Let the fascist leaders remember that it is impossible to conquer our people, just as it is impossible to extinguish the Sun.

A vivid example that embodies the heroic spirit of our soldiers is the feat of a marine fighter, Komsomol member M.A. Panikakhin. During an enemy attack on the outskirts of the Volga, he, engulfed in flames, rushed to meet a Nazi tank and set it on fire with a bottle of fuel. The hero burned down together with the enemy tank. Comrades compared his feat with the feat of Gorky's Danko: the light of the feat of the Soviet hero became a beacon to which other warrior heroes were equal.

What fortitude was shown by those who did not hesitate to cover with their bodies the embrasure of the enemy bunker, which was spewing deadly fire! Private Alexander Matrosov was one of the first to accomplish such a feat. The feat of this Russian soldier was repeated by dozens of fighters of other nationalities. Among them are Uzbek T.Erjigitov, Estonian I.I.Laar, Ukrainian A.E.Shevchenko, Kyrgyz Ch.Tuleberdiev, Moldovan I.S.Soltys, Kazakh S.B.Baytagatbetov and many others.

Following the Belarusian Nikolai Gastello, Russian pilots L.I. Ivanov, N.N. Skovorodin, E.V. Mikhailov, Ukrainian N.T. Vdovenko, Kazakh N. Abdirov, Jew I.Ya. other.

Of course, selflessness, contempt for death in the fight against the enemy does not necessarily entail the loss of life. Moreover, often these qualities of Soviet soldiers help them mobilize all their spiritual and physical strength in order to find a way out of a difficult situation. Faith in the people, confidence in victory, in the name of which the Russian man goes to his death without fear of it, inspires the fighter, pours new strength into him.

Thanks to the same reasons, thanks to iron discipline and military skill, millions of Soviet people, who looked death in the face, won and survived. Among these heroes are 33 Soviet heroes, who in August 1942, on the outskirts of the Volga, defeated 70 enemy tanks and a battalion of his infantry. Almost unbelievable, but, nevertheless, the fact that this small group of Soviet soldiers, led by junior political instructor A.G. Evtifiev and deputy political instructor L.I. Kovalev, having only grenades, machine guns, bottles with a combustible mixture and one anti-tank rifle , destroyed 27 German tanks and about 150 Nazis, and she herself got out of this unequal battle without losses.

During the war years, such qualities of our soldiers and officers as steadfastness and inflexibility of will in the performance of military duty, which are an important element of true heroism, were very clearly manifested. Even in the most difficult conditions of the initial period of the war, the bulk of our soldiers did not become discouraged, did not lose their presence of mind, and retained firm confidence in victory. Courageously overcoming "tank and aircraft fear", inexperienced soldiers became hardened fighters.

The whole world knows the iron steadfastness of our soldiers in the days of the heroic defense of Leningrad, Sevastopol, Kyiv, Odessa. The determination to fight the enemy to the end was a mass phenomenon and found its expression in the oaths of individual fighters and units. Here is one of these oaths taken by Soviet sailors during the days of the defense of Sevastopol: “For us, the slogan “Not a step back!” became the slogan of life. We are all, as one, unshakable. If among us there is a lurking coward or a traitor, then our hand will not falter - he will be destroyed.

Great stamina and courage marked the actions of Soviet soldiers in the historic battle on the Volga. There was essentially no frontier—it was everywhere. A fierce bloody struggle was going on for every meter of land, for every house. But even in these incredibly difficult conditions, the Soviet soldiers survived. We survived and won, first of all, because a close-knit military team was formed here, there was an idea here. It was the common idea that was the cementing force that united the warriors and made their fortitude truly iron. The words "Not a step back!" for all soldiers and officers they became a requirement, an order, a raison d'être. The whole country supported the defenders of the military stronghold. 140 days and nights of continuous battles for the city on the Volga is a true epic of national heroism. The legendary resilience of the city on the Volga is personified by its famous heroes, among them Sergeant I.F. Pavlov, who led a handful of brave men who entered one of the houses. This house, turned into an impregnable fortress, entered the annals of the war as Pavlov's House. The memory of the feat of the signalman V.P. Titaev will never fade, who, dying, clamped the broken ends of the wire with his teeth and restored the broken connection. He and the dead continued to fight the Nazis.

The Kursk Bulge - here the Nazi command wanted to take revenge and change the course of the war in their favor. However, the heroism of the Soviet people knew no bounds. It seemed that our fighters turned into fearless heroes and no force is able to keep them from fulfilling the order of the Motherland.

Only one 3rd Fighter Brigade repelled 20 attacks and destroyed 146 enemy tanks in four days of fighting. The battery of Captain G.I. Igishev heroically defended its combat positions near the village of Samodurovka, on which up to 60 fascist tanks rushed. Having destroyed 19 tanks and 2 infantry battalions, almost all the batterymen died, but did not let the enemy through. The village where the battle took place bears the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union Igishev. The pilot of the guard, Lieutenant A.K. Gorovets, on a fighter plane, the fuselage of which was decorated with the inscription “From the collective farmers and collective farmers of the Gorky Region”, one entered into battle with a large group of enemy bombers and shot down 9 of them. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the battles near Orel, pilot A.P. Maresyev showed an example of valor and courage, who returned to service after a serious wound and amputation of the shins of both legs and shot down 3 enemy aircraft.

The enemy was stopped along the entire front and the Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive. On this day, in the area of ​​​​the village of Prokhorovka, the largest oncoming tank battle in history took place, in which about 1200 tanks participated on both sides. The main role in delivering a counterattack against the advancing enemy belonged to the 5th Guards Tank Army under the command of General P.A. Rotmistrov.

Having liberated Ukraine and Donbass, Soviet troops reached the Dnieper and immediately began forcing the river at the same time in many areas. The advanced units on improvised means - fishing boats, rafts, boards, empty barrels, etc. - overcame this powerful water barrier and created the necessary bridgeheads. It was an outstanding feat. About 2,500 soldiers and officers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the successful crossing of the Dnieper. Access to the lower reaches of the Dnieper allowed our troops to block the enemy in the Crimea.

A vivid example of courage and extraordinary courage is the combat activity of the intelligence officer of the Hero of the Soviet Union V.A. Molodtsov and his comrades I.N. Petrenko, Yasha Gordienko and others. Having settled on the instructions of the state security agencies in the catacombs of Odessa, occupied by the enemy, and experiencing the greatest difficulties (there was not enough food, the Nazis poisoned them with gas, walled up the entrances to the catacombs, poisoned the water in the wells, etc.), Molodtsov’s reconnaissance group for seven months regularly transmitted valuable intelligence about the enemy to Moscow. They remained faithful to their country to the end. On the proposal to file a petition for pardon, Molodtsov, on behalf of his comrades, said: "We do not ask for pardon from our enemies on our land."

Military skill greatly enhanced the stamina and other moral and combat qualities of our soldiers. That is why our soldiers invested their whole soul in mastering weapons, equipment, and new methods of combat. It is known how widespread the sniper movement has become at the front. How many glorious names there were that received well-deserved fame!

One of the most characteristic features of the spiritual image of our soldiers is a sense of collectivism and camaraderie.

The Soviet partisans rendered great assistance to the Red Army. 1943 was the time of an unprecedented heroic mass partisan movement. Coordination of the interaction of partisan detachments, their close connection with the combat operations of the Red Army were characteristic features of the nationwide struggle behind enemy lines.

By the end of 1941, 40 partisan detachments were operating near Moscow, numbering up to 10 thousand people. In a short time they destroyed 18 thousand fascist invaders, 222 tanks and armored vehicles, 6 aircraft, 29 warehouses with ammunition and food.

Like the soldiers at the front, the partisans showed unprecedented heroism. The Soviet people sacredly honors the memory of the fearless patriot, the eighteen-year-old Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who voluntarily joined the ranks of the defenders of the Motherland and performed the most dangerous tasks behind enemy lines. During an attempt to set fire to an important military facility, Zoya was captured by the Nazis, who subjected her to monstrous torture. But Zoya did not betray her comrades to the enemy. Standing at the gallows with a noose around her neck, Zoya turned to the Soviet people driven to the place of execution: “I'm not afraid to die, comrades! It is happiness to die for your people!” Thousands of other Soviet people behaved just as heroically.

By the end of 1943, there were more than 250 thousand people in partisan detachments. In the occupied territory, there were entire partisan territories in the Leningrad and Kalinin regions, in Belarus, Oryol, Smolensk and other regions. Over 200 thousand km 2 of territory were under the complete control of the partisans.

During the period of preparation and during the Battle of Kursk, they disrupted the work of the enemy's rear, conducted continuous reconnaissance, made it difficult to transfer troops, and diverted enemy reserves by active combat operations. Thus, the 1st Kursk partisan brigade blew up several railway bridges and interrupted the movement of trains for 18 days.

Of particular note are the partisan operations under the code names "Rail War" and "Concert", carried out in August - October 1943. During the first operation, in which about 170 partisan formations numbering 100 thousand people, many echelons were destroyed, bridges were destroyed and station buildings. Operation "Concert" was even more effective: the capacity of the railways decreased by 35-40%, which greatly hampered the regrouping of the Nazi troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Red Army.

The steadfastness of spirit, the proud consciousness of their strength and moral superiority over the enemy did not leave the Soviet soldiers and officers even when they fell into the hands of the Nazis and found themselves in a hopeless situation. Dying, the heroes remained undefeated. They crucified Yuri Smirnov, a Komsomol soldier, by driving nails into his palms and feet; they killed the partisan Vera Lisovaya by lighting a fire on her chest; tortured the legendary general D.M. Karbyshev, pouring water on him in the cold, who, in response to the Nazis’ offer to serve them, answered with dignity: “I am a Soviet man, a soldier, and I remain true to my duty.”

Thus, in the harsh time of the war, the spiritual power of our people, selflessly devoted to their Motherland, stubborn in battle for a just cause, tireless in work, ready for any sacrifice and deprivation in the name of the prosperity of the Fatherland, manifested itself in all its greatness.

2 The origins of the mass heroism of the Soviet people

Victory or defeat in a war is the result of a number of components, among which the moral factor occupies a paramount place. What did the Soviet people defend? The answer to this question largely explains the behavior of people at the front and in the rear, the incentives for their public consciousness of that time and their personal attitude towards the confrontation with the Nazis. The people stood up to defend their state, their homeland. Millions of the dead and the living invested in this concept all the best connected with the life of the country, their families, children, with a new just society, which they believed would be built. Pride in the country, participation in its successes and failures is an important feature of public sentiments and personal actions of that time. They knew that they were waging war for a just cause, and for the most part, even in the most hopeless situation, they did not doubt the final victory.

Love for the motherland, for the Russian land, Albert Axel singles out as the main source of the moral strength of the army, which during the Great Patriotic War manifested itself in the "ambience of universal heroism." The historian consistently defends the thesis that the self-sacrifice of the Soviet people and their military exploits "changed the course of events in World War II."

Today, quite a few publications and books about the heroes of the past war, about the nature of heroism, are published, weighted by their assessments. Their authors penetrate deeply into the origins and essence of a heroic feat, understanding by this an act of a person or a group of people when a step is consciously taken that goes beyond the usual norms of behavior. This heroism consists in resolving the contradiction of life, which at the present moment cannot be resolved by ordinary, everyday means. Of particular importance in this case are the content of the motive for the act, its compliance with the spiritual mood, the ideological convictions of people and the requirements of the situation.

The heroic in the behavior and deeds of this or that person is necessarily associated with exceptional tension of thought, will, feelings, is associated with risk, in most cases - with mortal danger. However, during the war years, people deliberately took any risk and any test. They were led to this by a selfless concern for the fate of the motherland, its present and future, a deep awareness of the formidable danger that German Nazism brought with it to our country. It is here that we must look for the source of that unprecedented mass heroism, which became the decisive driving force in the war, the most important factor in victory in it. It manifested itself in the activities of people of all ages and professions, men and women, representatives of all nations and nationalities of the USSR. More than 11 thousand became Heroes of the Soviet Union, hundreds of thousands - holders of orders and medals.

The origins of mass heroism are seen in the Russian national character, in patriotism, a sense of pride in their homeland, in the moral spirit of the people, in the fraternal friendship of people of different nationalities.

Forms of mass heroism were diverse. But especially characteristic was the collective feat of units, formations - at the front, factories, collective farms, and many other labor collectives - in the rear. It was a heroism of a special kind: the long-term and most intense military work of millions of Red Army soldiers in conditions of constant mortal danger, the selfless work of millions of workers, peasants, employees, scientific and technical intelligentsia with the utmost strain of spiritual forces, often in conditions of hunger and cold.

The mass labor heroism of the Soviet people is also a historical phenomenon. With their selfless labor they won the battle for metal and bread, fuel and raw materials, for the creation of weapons of victory. People worked twelve or more hours a day, without days off and holidays. Even during the German air raids on the front-line cities, work did not stop. And if we take into account the lack of food, the most basic things, the cold in irregularly heated houses, it becomes clear in what harsh conditions people lived and worked. But they knew that the active army was waiting for planes, tanks, guns, ammunition, and so on. And everyone tried to produce products as much as possible.

Thus, the patriotic mood of the majority of the country's population was convincingly confirmed by practical deeds at the front and in the rear, as well as in the temporarily occupied territory of the USSR.

And in this sense, one can speak of the moral and political unity of the Soviet people in those years. The vast majority of the population of the USSR, regardless of nationality, political views and religion, showed a deep sense of patriotism and at the same time hatred of the enemy. This circumstance was also reflected in the change in official ideological attitudes.

Gradual deep awareness of the above was the most important source of spiritual strength of the bulk of the Soviet people, so clearly manifested at the front, in the rear and in the occupied Soviet territory. They saw the main condition for the defeat of the aggressor, first of all, in their unprecedented fraternal unity as the sons of a single historically formed people who had built a powerful state. That is why the victory achieved by common forces and at an extremely high price is the property of all the peoples of the former USSR, the natural pride of those who won this victory in bloody battles, and those who inherited it from their fathers and grandfathers. At the same time, this is also an instructive lesson for present generations - a lesson of selfless love for the Fatherland, a lesson of the selfless great struggle for its freedom and independence.

Conclusion

The Great Patriotic War showed the depth, progressive character, and spiritual strength of the Soviet; showed the decisive role in the historical fate of the people of the quality of its spirituality, the importance of spiritual culture and ideology in its rise, in mobilizing the people to fight for their historical existence.

This experience of war is extremely important in our time for the people to gain confidence in themselves, in their ability to solve problems that seem insurmountable. The Great Victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany obliges and inspires the solution of such problems.

During the war years, there were situations when our troops clearly did not have enough physical strength to stop the fascist hordes. Saved by the strength of the spirit, which allowed to make a turning point in a fierce struggle. Spiritual strength raised millions of soldiers to sacrificial service to the Fatherland on the endless fronts of the great war and on the endless expanses of the near and far rear. She united everyone and made them the creators of the Great Victory. This is the greatest example for posterity of all time.

The people have not forgotten and glorify those who bravely fought and died a hero's death, bringing closer the hour of our victory, glorifies the survivors who managed to defeat the enemy. Heroes do not die, their glory is immortal, their names are forever inscribed not only in the lists of personnel of the Armed Forces, but also in people's memory. The people make up legends about heroes, put up beautiful monuments to them, and call the best streets of their cities and villages after them.

List of used literature

1. Axel A. Heroes of Russia. 1941-1945 / A. Axel. – M.: Interstamo, 2002.

2. Bagramyan I.Kh. So we went to victory. Military memoirs / I.Kh.Bagramyan. - M.: Military Publishing, 1990.

3. Dmitrienko V.P. The history of homeland. XX century.: A manual for students / V.P. Dmitrienko, V.D. Esakov, V.A. Shestakov. – M.: Bustard, 2002.

4. Brief world history. In 2 books / Ed. A.Z. Manfred. - M .: Publishing house Nauka, 1996.

5. Paderin A.A. War and peace: the role of spiritual culture in the education of patriotic consciousness / A.A. Paderin // Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference. - Moscow: Publishing House Silver Threads, 2005.

* We learn about the heroism of soldiers from A. Fedorov's book "Nightingales".

*The cruel truth of the war is shown in B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet".

*Looking back, we have no right to forget the countless victims. E. Yevtushenko is right when he wrote in the story "Fuku":

The one who forgets yesterday's victims,

Maybe tomorrow's victim will be.

The problem of heroism of people of peaceful professions during the Great Patriotic War

• Breeders of besieged Leningrad, in conditions of wild famine, managed to preserve priceless varieties of breeding wheat for a future peaceful life.
• E. Krieger, a well-known modern prose writer, in the story "Light" tells how, during the hostilities, the workers of the power plant decided not to evacuate with the inhabitants of the village, but to work. The “light-emitting power plant,” as its author called it, not only generated electricity, but also inspired the soldiers, helped them remember what they were fighting for.
• The cycle of stories by A. Krutetsky “In the steppes of Bashkiria” shows the hard work of collective farmers living with the slogan “Everything for the front, everything for victory!”
• F. Abramov's novel "Brothers and Sisters" tells about the feat of Russian women who spent the best years of their lives on the labor front during the Great Patriotic War.
• Teacher Ales Moroz, the hero of V. Bykov's story "Obelisk", in occupied Belarus, risking his life, brought up hatred for the invaders in his students. When the guys are arrested, he surrenders to the Nazis to support them in a tragic moment.

The problem of national unity during the Great Patriotic War

• In the poem "Ukraine" M. Rylsky wrote:

You see: Russian with you, Bashkir and Tajik,

All brothers and friends are an avalanche of formidable rati.

Holy is our union, the people are infinitely great,

Infinitely strong in his lion's fury.

POW problem

• The story of V. Bykov "Alpine Ballad" shows the tragedy of people who were captured.
• The story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" shows the tragic fate of Andrei Sokolov. The protagonist passed the tests of fascist captivity, lost his family, but managed to defend his human dignity, did not lose the will to live, a sense of compassion for people.

The problem of patriotism

• Talking about the Patriotic War of 1812 in the novel "War and Peace", L.N. Tolstoy with love and respect draws people of different social class, who were united by a common love for Russia.

The problem of true and false patriotism

• In the novel "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy paints pictures of military operations and various types of their participants. We see both faithful sons of the Fatherland (Denis Davydov, elder Vasilisa, etc.), and false patriots who think only about their own selfish interests.

The problem of the tragic situation of man in a totalitarian state

• The protagonist of A. Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" is an extraordinary person. Shukhov survives in the vile camp life thanks to his extraordinary diligence and long-suffering. In the world of evil and violence, lack of rights and enslavement, "sixes" and "blatars" who profess the camp law "you die today, and I - tomorrow", it is not easy to save the soul and human warmth. But Ivan Denisovich had his own sure means to restore a good mood - work.

· About the inhumanity, the horror of the situation that prevailed in the country during the era of Stalin's rule, Y. Bondarev told in his work "Bouquet". The fate of the heroine was typical for that time. The fault of the heroine consisted only in the fact that she was young, good-looking, naively believed in the decency of those who were in power.

The role of personality in history

• The true spokesman of the national spirit was M.I. Kutuzov. L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" historically accurately painted the image of the great commander.
• A.N. Tolstoy in the novel "Peter the Great" tells about the life of the reformer tsar. On the one hand, Peter the Great seems to love his people and believes in their creative forces, on the other hand, he brutally cracks down on the participants in the archery rebellion, and later builds a beautiful city on the bones of convicts and serfs. The main tragedy, according to the author, is that for Peter the people are only a means, an instrument for the realization of his plans.
• Y. Ovsyannikov in the book “Peter the Great. The First Russian Emperor” tells how Peter determined the character of the new Russia with his activities. Under the clash of axes and the thunder of cannons, the medieval state entered the union of European countries as an equal partner. which must be reckoned with.

In the text proposed for analysis by Yu.Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of feat, heroism and selflessness. That's what he's thinking about.

This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but excite modern man.

The writer reveals this problem on the example of a story about a history teacher who had the opportunity to save his life, but when he learned that the inhabitants of Kragujevac were dying, among whom were his students, he decided to be with the children in their dying hour so that they would not it was so scary to soften the picture of horror that unfolded before them: “He was afraid to be late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly stand on his feet. He found his class, gathered all his students. there are many more children, because when a teacher is around, it’s not so scary.”

And also the writer shows the masculinity, fearlessness and selflessness of the teacher, his love for children, how he inspired them by teaching them his last lesson: “Children,” the teacher said, “I told you how real people died for their homeland.

Now it's our turn. Come on! Your last history lesson is about to begin." And the fifth grade followed its teacher."

The author's position is clear: Yu.Ya. Yakovlev believes that a feat can be understood not only as saving the lives of other people, but also as help in the hour of death, for example, to become a role model and support, especially if you have to sacrifice your life for this.

This problem is reflected in the literature. For example, in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Sonya Marmeladova sacrifices herself, living on a "yellow ticket" in order to feed her consumptive stepmother, her young children and her father, a drunkard. Sonya helps Raskolnikov to overcome himself, shares his fate, following him to hard labor. Throughout the novel, Sonya performs repeated feats, trying to save and saving the lives of people dear and close to her, which characterizes her as a highly moral person, strong in spirit.

Another example is the story of Maxim Gorky "Old Woman Izergil", in particular, the legend about Danko, which is told by the old woman Izergil. Danko, in order to prove his love for people, tore his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch, thereby leading people out of the dark forest. Danko is the embodiment of selfless, sublime and sacrificial love for people, he accomplished a feat, sacrificing himself for their salvation.

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: a feat means not only saving the lives of others, but also help, self-sacrifice.

For him, flight is the meaning of life, like wings for a bird. But they were cut off by a German fighter. Despite his injuries, Meresyev crawled through the forest for a very long time, he had neither water nor food. He overcame this difficulty, but more were waiting for him ahead. He lost his legs, he had to learn how to use prostheses, but this man was so strong in spirit that he even learned to dance on them. Despite a large number of obstacles, Meresyev regained his wings. The heroism and selflessness of the hero can only be envied. “He was not on the lists” Since we are interested in the problem of courage, we selected arguments from the literature about the war and the hard fate of the heroes. Also, Boris Vasilyev’s novel “He Was Not on the Lists” is dedicated to the fate of Nikolai, who had just graduated from college, went to work and came under fire.

Bank of arguments of the exam in the Russian language

Danko is the embodiment of selfless, sublime and sacrificial love for people, he accomplished a feat, sacrificing himself for their salvation.

• The problem of misunderstanding Lvov Often, in a loved one - a son, daughter, husband, wife - an interest is suddenly discovered (USE in Russian)
• Image of the Pugachev movement based on the story The Captain's Daughter (Pushkin A.

The problem of feat, heroism and selflessness (exa arguments)

This is confirmed by an example from this work: Pierre Bezukhov, being a rich man, decides to stay in Moscow besieged by the enemy, although he has every opportunity to leave.
He is a real person who does not put his financial situation in the first place.
Not sparing himself, the hero saves a little girl from the fire, performing a heroic deed.

Attention

You can also refer to the image of Captain Tushin. At first, he does not make a good impression on us: Tushin appears before the command without boots.

And it doesn’t matter at all what impression these people make on us when we first meet them.

Important

I.A. Bunin "Lapti". In an impenetrable blizzard, Nefed went to Novoselki, located six miles from home.

Solutions and exam

The problem of courage, heroism, self-sacrifice in war according to the text of V.

M. Bogomolova Many great poets and writers talked about duty in the war.

Millions of people died defending their home. Yes, they died, but they are alive in our memory.

In his text, V.M. Bogomolov raises the issue of courage, heroism, self-sacrifice in war.
Reflecting on this problem, the author turns to the facts and tells us the story of what happened during the Great Patriotic War: Sergeant Smirnov was instructed to ferry the longboat across the river.

It turned out that the Nazis were nearby. The bombardment began.

The mine hit the barge and started a fire. The fire was next to the ammunition.

But no one even thought of running away.

The fire burned their hands and faces. Stuffy. Happy. Breathing is difficult,” writes Bogomolov.

Sotnikov sacrificed his life, but did not betray the Motherland, as Rybak did.
Sotnikov even tried to save the lives of other people. He stepped towards his own death with a high sense of dignity and pride in his own country. Such an act is heroism and self-sacrifice. And in the story B.

Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet”, the girls act heroically.

To Captain Vaskov, a women's anti-aircraft battalion arrives. He goes on a mission with 5 girls. They learn that Nazi scouts are approaching to detain them, the girls had to die. Rita Osyanina, Liza Brichkina, Zhenya Komelkova, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak died defending their Motherland.

One drowned in a swamp, the others were shot dead. But, one way or another, they delayed the enemy.

The girls have done a great job. After analyzing this problem, I came to the conclusion that there is a place for heroism in war.

This problem is reflected in the literature.

For example, in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Sonya Marmeladova sacrifices herself, living on a "yellow ticket" in order to feed her consumptive stepmother, her young children and her father, a drunkard.

Sonya helps Raskolnikov to overcome himself, shares his fate, following him to hard labor.

Throughout the novel, Sonya performs repeated feats, trying to save and saving the lives of people dear and close to her, which characterizes her as a highly moral person, strong in spirit.

Another example is Maxim Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil", in particular, the legend about Danko, which is told by the old woman Izergil. Danko, in order to prove his love for people, tore his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch, thereby leading people out of the dark forest.

Composition exam arguments the problem of heroism and selflessness

Powerful AI: http://XEvil.net/ - "XEvil" can break more than 8000 of different types of Captcha, including so popular, like Google-captcha (ReCaptcha-1, ReCaptcha-2), Captcha.Com, SolveMedia, Bing-Captcha, Facebook-captcha, Ucoz-captcha, DLE-captcha, VBulletin-Captcha, SMF-Captcha and a lot of other 2.

3. Very simple interface: just 3 main buttons to start recognition, it's so easy to use XEvil with a wide spectrum of SEO, SMM, Analytics, Mass Registering/Postion/Sending/Bruteforcing/Bitcoin Mining Software. 4. Flexible: logic of XEvil scripted with Lua - easy language, so if you need, you can adjust functionality as you want.

However, the heroes were sure: you can’t retreat, you need to fight to the end: “Don’t give the German a single piece ...

No matter how hard, no matter how hopeless - to keep ... ". These are the words of a true patriot.

All the characters of the story are shown acting, fighting, dying in the name of saving the Motherland.

It was these people who forged the victory of our country in the rear, resisted the invaders in captivity and occupation, and fought at the front.

Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man". Everyone knows the immortal work of Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man." The dramatic story is based on the real facts of the biography of fighter pilot Alexei Meresyev.

Shot down in battle over the occupied territory, he made his way through the steppe forests for three weeks until he got to the partisans.

Having lost both legs, the hero subsequently shows amazing strength of character and replenishes the account of air victories over the enemy.
Abstracts

• Self-sacrifice is not always associated with a risk to life.
• To commit heroic deeds of a person is motivated by love for the Motherland.
• A person is ready to sacrifice himself for the one he really loves.
• To save a child, it is sometimes not a pity to sacrifice the most valuable thing that a person has - his own life.
• Only a moral person is capable of committing a heroic deed
• Readiness for self-sacrifice does not depend on the level of income and social status
• Heroism is expressed not only in deeds, but also in the ability to be true to one's word even in the most difficult life situations.
• People are ready for self-sacrifice even in the name of saving a stranger

Arguments L.N.

Tolstoy "War and Peace". Sometimes we do not suspect that this or that person can commit a heroic deed.

In the text proposed for analysis, Yu. Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of feat, heroism and selflessness. That's what he's thinking about. This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but excite modern man. The writer reveals this problem on the example of a story about a history teacher who had the opportunity to save his life, but when he learned that the inhabitants of Kragujevac were dying, among whom were his students, he decided to be with the children in their dying hour so that they would not it was so scary to soften the picture of horror that unfolded before them: “He was afraid of being late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly stand on his feet. He found his class, gathered all his students. And many more children joined this fifth grade, because when a teacher is nearby, it’s not so scary.”

Powerful AI: http://XEvil.net/ - "XEvil" can bypass more than 8000 of different types of Captcha, including so popular, like Google-captcha (ReCaptcha-1, ReCaptcha-2), Captcha.Com, SolveMedia, Bing-Captcha, Facebook-captcha, Ucoz-captcha, DLE-captcha, VBulletin-Captcha, SMF-Captcha and a lot of other 2.

High speed and precision: in speed 0.01 second per image,XEvil can recognize and solve wide types or captcha with high precision,without depending of difficulty, distortion, noises, fonts, colors.

3. Very simple interface: just 3 main buttons to start recognition, it's so easy to use XEvil with a wide spectrum of SEO, SMM, Analytics, Mass Registering/Postion/Sending/Bruteforcing/Bitcoin Mining Software. 4.

Flexible: logic of XEvil scripted with Lua - easy language, so if you need, you can adjust functionality as you want.