What is the author's attitude to the romantic poetry of Lensky. The attitude of A.S. Pushkin to the main characters of the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Ah, dear Alexander Sergeevich! Has your pen written something more perfect than the living and eternal novel "Eugene Onegin"? Haven't you invested a large part of yourself, your frantic inspiration, all your poetic passion in it?

But didn't you, O immortal classic, lie when you said that Onegin has nothing in common with you? Are the traits of his character peculiar to you? Isn't it your "spleen" on it, isn't it your disappointment? Is it not your "black epigrams" he draws to his enemies?

And Lensky! Really, how he looks like you, young lover! On you - another, on that you whom you no longer dared to open to the world clearly ...

Lensky and Onegin ... both of them - yours, O immortal Alexander Sergeevich, a colorful and lively portrait on the wall of poetry. Do you agree with the idea of ​​such audacity?

However, be that as it may, allow, in view of your silence, every admirer of your genius to draw their own conclusions, letting their own imagination fly.

We will compare and compare two bright ones, barely touching the facets of your personality directly. In order to avoid obtrusive parallels between you, sir, and the characters of your poem, we will make every effort to make a dry statement of their striking characteristics.

So, Onegin. Handsome, smart, stately. In the description of his Petersburg daily routine, dear Alexander Sergeevich, we find your lines about at least three hours he spends at the mirrors in preening. You even compare it to a young lady dressed like a man, hurrying to the ball. Perfume, lipstick, fashion haircut. Dandy, pedant and dandy. Always elegant in clothes. And, by the way, it will be said, nails, sir ... He, like you, sir, spends a lot of time at the dressing table, caring for them.

Alas, all the actions he performs on himself in order to be attractive are just a tribute to secular habit. He has long cooled down to the opposite sex, disappointed in love. He does not want to please women at all. No! Love has long been replaced by the "art of seduction", which, however, does not bring any satisfaction.

Social events have long lost all taste for him. He often goes to balls, but out of inertia, out of boredom and nothing to do. Secular is boring to him. Everything is disgusting, tired! But, not knowing another life, he continues to drag out his usual way of life. No friends, no love, no interest in life.

Onegin's way of thinking, worldview - you, Alexander Sergeevich, expose everything to the merciless "Russian blues", or depression. Immeasurable inner emptiness, lack of dreams, boredom, joylessness. At the same time, the liveliness of a cold, sober mind, the absence of cynicism, nobility.

You emphasize its prosaic nature by the inability to “distinguish the polecat from the iambic”, and their preference for Scott Smith, with his political economic books, only confirms the presence of non-poetic exact thinking.

Whether business Lensky!

What evil muse visited you, Alexander Sergeevich, when you brought together your so different heroes in friendly bonds? Could the relationship between Lensky and Onegin not lead to tragedy? Your Lensky...

Handsome, but beautiful differently than Onegin. You endow him with natural beauty with long, dark, curly hair. With the inspirational look of the poet and a lively, warm heart, open to the world.

Vladimir Lensky is sensitive to the perception of nature and the universe as a whole. “Suspicious of miracles” in everything, he understands and feels the world in his own way. Idealist, the right word!

The eighteen-year-old dreamer, in love with life, firmly believes in the existence of his soulmate, who is waiting for him and languishing. In faithful, devoted friendship and "sacred family", as you, venerable Alexander Sergeevich, deigned to call the Holy Trinity.

Describing the relationship between Onegin and Lensky with your own pen, you compare them with the union of water and stone, fire and ice, poetry and prose. How different they are!

Lensky and Onegin. Comparative characteristics

It was your pleasure, Lord of the Muses, to play these two beautiful youths in a sad game that to this day prompts the reader to sprinkle tears on the pages of your great novel. You make them related by friendship, at first “from nothing to do”, and after a closer one. And then brutally...

No, better in order. So, they get closer: Lensky and Onegin. A comparative description of these two heroes, so characteristic of your time, Alexander Sergeevich, can be complete only when describing their friendship.

So, contradictions meet, as states At first they are boring to each other because of the dissimilarity of judgments. But after a while this difference turns into a magnet that attracts opposites. Each thesis becomes the cause of lively disputes and discussions between friends, each dispute turns into a subject of deep reflection. Perhaps none of them took the position of a comrade, but they also retained interest, respect for the flow of someone else's thought. Listening to Lensky, Onegin does not interrupt his youthfully naive judgments, poems and ancient legends. Being a disappointed realist, he is in no hurry to reproach Vladimir for idealizing people and the world.

similarity of heroes

Daily joint horse rides, dinners by the fireplace, wine and conversations bring young people together. And, at the same time, over time, similarities between Onegin and Lensky are revealed. Endowing them with such bright features, you, master of the pen, pull them out of the usual circle of rural communication, with boring conversations about the kennel, their own relatives and other nonsense. The education of the main characters, which is one of the few common features for both of them, makes them yawn in the circle of rural nobility.

Two destinies, two loves

Onegin is five or six years older than Lensky. Such a conclusion can be reached, proceeding from the precious Alexander Sergeevich, indicated by you, at the age of twenty-six at the end of the novel ... When, bending his knees, he wept for love at her feet ... at Tatyana's feet ... But, no. Everything is in order.

Oh, great connoisseur of the human soul, oh, subtlest psychologist of deepest feelings! Your pen reveals before Onegin's dead soul the bright, pure ideal of a young maiden - Tatyana Larina. Her young, tender passion pours out before him in a frank letter, which you attribute to him to keep for life as evidence of the possibility of sincerity and beauty of feelings in which he no longer believed. Alas, his hardened, moping heart was not ready to reciprocate. He tries to avoid meeting Tatyana after a conversation with her in which he denies her high feelings.

In parallel with this discordant love, you develop Vladimir Lensky's feelings for Tatiana's sister, Olga. Oh, how different these two loves are, like Lensky and Onegin themselves. A comparative description of these two feelings would be superfluous. The love of Olga and Vladimir is full of chaste passion, poetry, youthful inspiration. The naive Lensky, sincerely wishing his friend happiness, tries to push him into Tatyana's arms, inviting him to her name day. Knowing Onegin's dislike for noisy receptions, he promises him a close family circle, without unnecessary guests.

Revenge, honor and duel

Oh, how much effort Eugene is making to hide his furious indignation when, having agreed, he ends up at a provincial ball with many guests, instead of the promised family dinner. But more than that, he is outraged by Tatyana's confusion when he sits on the place prepared for him in advance ... opposite her. Lensky knew! Everything is set up!

Onegin, really, did not want what your, Alexander Sergeevich, inexorable pen prepared for when he took revenge on Lensky for his deceit! When he drew his beloved Olga into his arms in a dance, when he whispered freedom in her ear, he portrayed a gentle look. Cynically and short-sightedly appealing to the jealousy and contempt of the young poet, he obediently followed the fate you had destined for both of them. Duel!

In the morning at the mill...

Both have already moved away from stupid insults. Both had difficulty finding a reason to duel. But no one stopped. Pride is to blame: no one intended to pass for a coward by refusing to fight. The result is known. A young poet is killed by a friend's bullet two weeks before his own wedding. Onegin, unable to indulge in memories and regrets about the death of the only person close to him, leaves the country ...

Upon his return, he will fall in love with Tatyana, who has matured and flourished, only now a princess. Kneeling before her, he will kiss her hand, pray for love. But no, it’s too late: “Now I have been given to another and I will be faithful to him for a century,” she will say, weeping bitterly. Onegin will be left completely alone, face to face with memories of love and a friend killed by his own hand.

Duels of the creator of Onegin and quite appropriate parallels

You have been reproached, dear Alexander Sergeevich, for insufficient grounds for a duel between your heroes. Funny! Didn't your contemporaries draw parallels between these two young men and yourself? Haven't they noted the similarities between such opposite Onegin and Lensky with your contradictory, dual nature? This boundary bifurcation into Lensky - an inspired poet, a superstitious lyricist - and a secular rake, a chilled, tired Onegin ... did they not discover? To one you give your fiery genius, love, cheerfulness and, without suspecting it, your own death. The other is given over to wandering, alienation and, in the end, a long trip abroad, which you yourself so dreamed of. The characterization of Onegin and Lensky is a comprehensive disclosure of yourself, isn't it? And if such an obvious resemblance of both heroes to you, dear classic, was exposed by your contemporaries, did they not know what easy, insignificant reasons for dueling were enough for you yourself? And how many times in every week of your life have you started to play with death, fearlessly and indifferently looking at the cold barrel in the hands of your enraged opponent?

The life of the nobility and borrowed Western culture determined the romantic mood of Lensky's thoughts and feelings, far from real Russian life. Onegin's "half-Russian neighbor", "an admirer of Kant 1 and a poet" does not have any clear idea of ​​real life. In my poems

He sang separation and sadness,
And something, and foggy distance,
And romantic roses...

According to Pushkin's joking remark, "his poems / Are full of love nonsense." Lensky is young. He is "nearly... eighteen years old." How would his life have developed in the future, at the time of maturity? Faithful to the truth of life, Pushkin does not give a direct answer to this question. Lensky could keep his heart warm, but he could also turn into an ordinary landowner who, like Dmitry Larin, would “wear a quilted robe” and end his life in a very ordinary way:

Drank, ate, missed, got fat, sickly
And finally in your bed
I would die among the children,
Crying women and doctors.

Pushkin's attitude to Lensky is ambivalent: sympathy is seen through frank irony, and irony comes through sympathy.

Lensky is 18 years old in the novel. He is 8 years younger than Onegin. Lensky is partly young Onegin, who has not yet matured, has not had time to experience pleasures and has not experienced deceit, but has already heard about light:

I hate your fashionable light,
I love the home circle.

At this, Onegin, feeling the borrowed judgments of Lensky, impatiently breaks off:

Eclogue again!
Come on, honey, for God's sake.

The main artistic role of Lensky is to set off the character of Onegin. They mutually explain each other. Lensky is a friend worthy of Onegin. He, like Onegin, is one of the best people in Russia at that time. A poet, an enthusiast, he is full of childish faith in people, in romantic friendship to the grave and in eternal love. Lensky is noble, educated, his feelings and thoughts are pure, his enthusiasm is sincere. He loves life. Many of these qualities favorably distinguish Lensky from Onegin. Lensky believes in ideals, Onegin is idealless. Lensky's soul is filled with feelings, thoughts, poems, creative fire. Like Onegin, Lensky meets the hostility of the neighbors-landlords and is subjected to "strict analysis". And he did not like the feasts of the masters of neighboring villages:

He ran their noisy conversation.

However, Lensky's misfortune was that "He was ignorant at heart ...", he did not know either the world or people. Everything in it: the love of freedom of the German model, and poems, and thoughts, and feelings, and actions - was naive, ingenuous, borrowed:

He believed that the soul is dear
Must connect with him
What, hopelessly languishing,
She is waiting for him every day;
He believed that friends were ready
For his honor to accept shackles ...

Lensky's ideas are biased towards the ideal. He looks at the world through the prism of age and literature. Hence his poems - a set of general elegiac formulas, behind which there is no living, clear content. It's funny when a young man at the age of eighteen sings "the faded color of life", remaining full of health. When, on the eve of the duel, Lensky writes the elegy “Where, where have you gone ...”, these elegiac lines produce a parodic impression. Indeed, where did the “arrow” come from (“Will I fall, pierced by an arrow ...”), if they decided to shoot with pistols? These are conventionally bookish speech, conventionally romantic posture, conventionally romantic gestures. Lensky took it into his head to save Olga (and again he thinks in verse in paraphrases 2, poetic clichés, where Onegin is a “libertine” and at the same time a “worm”, and Olga is a “two-morning flower”). Theatrical rhetoric, empty declamation, expressed in beautiful allegory, contains a simple and clear meaning:

All this meant, friends:
I'm shooting with a friend.

At the same time, Lensky does not understand Olga's spiritual movements at all: she does not require a sacrifice from him. Lensky's speeches and actions evoke irony, which, of course, is not foreseen by the hero. Pushkin describes Olga through the eyes of Lensky:

Always humble, always obedient,
Always as cheerful as the morning
How simple is the life of a poet,
Like a kiss of love sweet...

But this is Olga's "ideal portrait", the true one is different. Onegin looked at her with other, sober eyes:

Olga has no life in features.
Exactly the same in the Vandykova Madonna:
She is round, red-faced,
Like that stupid moon
In this stupid sky.

Lensky's misfortune is that he has not yet matured as a person, and that between him and the world there is an alien literary and poetic prism that distorts objects in the spirit of the ideal and prevents them from seeing them in full size. For experienced Onegin and the author, this is ridiculous. But is sadness mixed with this laughter? Does not the inexperience of the hero testify to the purity of the soul? And is a sober look so impeccable, devoid of youthful enthusiasm, faith in the ideal, in the triumph of universal values? Pushkin answers this as follows:

But it's sad to think that in vain
We were given youth
What cheated on her all the time,
That she deceived us;
That our best wishes
That our fresh dreams
Decayed in rapid succession,
Like leaves in autumn rotten.

The reality is sad and unfavorable if in people, even mature ones, neither a share of naivety nor innocence is preserved, if doubt, unbelief, and lack of ideality dominate in society. Pushkin pities the poet who died early and appreciates in him “hot excitement”, “noble aspiration”, “stormy desire for love”, “thirst for knowledge”, “fear of vice and shame”, “cherished dreams” and “dreams of holy poetry”.

1 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - German philosopher, founder of German classical philosophy.
2 Paraphrase, periphrase - a stylistic device that consists in replacing a word or phrase with a descriptive turn of speech, which indicates the signs of an object not directly named (for example, instead of an expression, morning came, the writer prefers to use something else - when the first rays of the rising sun lit up the edges of the eastern sky).

Municipal educational institution

Secondary school №13

Named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Sanchirov F.V.

City district of Samara

Literature abstract

"The image of Vladimir Lensky in

novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Performed:

Student 9 "A" class

Chabarova Daria

leader: teacher

Russian language and literature

Tverdova I.V.

1. Romanticism as a phenomenon in literature

2 The image of Vladimir Lensky

2.1 Friendship with Onegin and romantic ideals

2.2 Falling in love with Olga

2.3 Duel with Eugene

2.4 Opportunities in destiny

3 The meaning of the image of a romantic poet

List of used literature

1 Romanticism as a phenomenon in literature

Romanticism first arose in Germany, among the writers and philosophers of the Jena school. In the further development of German romanticism, interest in fairy-tale and mythological motifs was distinguished, which was especially clearly expressed in the work of the brothers Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm, Hoffmann.

In close connection with German influences is the emergence of romanticism in England. English romanticism is characterized by an interest in social problems: they oppose to modern bourgeois society the old, pre-bourgeois relations, the glorification of nature, simple, natural feelings.

A prominent representative of English romanticism is Byron, who, in the words of Pushkin, "clothed in dull romanticism and hopeless egoism." His work is imbued with the pathos of struggle and protest against the modern world, the glorification of freedom and individualism.

In Russian romanticism, freedom from classical convention appears, a ballad, a romantic drama, is created. A new idea of ​​the essence and meaning of poetry is affirmed, which is recognized as an independent sphere of life, an expression of the highest, ideal aspirations of man; the old view, according to which poetry was an empty pastime, something completely serviceable, is no longer possible.

In a creative dispute with supporters and practitioners of romanticism, fighting for the establishment of realism, Pushkin introduced into the novel a collective image of a Russian romantic poet at the turn of the 1910s-1920s. Vladimir Lensky. Developing this character, he analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of romanticism. The author's attitude towards Lensky is complex: good-natured irony, sympathy for the hero in love, bitterness over his premature and senseless death.

While working on "Eugene Onegin", Pushkin experienced the tragedy of the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. Among those executed and driven to hard labor were many writers, Pushkin's friends: K. Ryleev, the largest representative of the civil romanticism of the Decembrists; A. Bestuzhev, V. Küchelbecker, A. Odoevsky, V. Raevsky The sixth chapter of the novel, which tells about the duel and death of Lensky, was created in 1826, largely after the news of the execution of Ryleev and his comrades. Pushkin's emotional story about the death of Lensky and the author's lyrical reflections on the possible fate of the hero were perceived by the most sensitive contemporaries as a poetic requiem for the Decembrists.The image of Lensky is multifaceted and should not be interpreted unambiguously.

For the first time in literature, the complex dialectics of the human soul was revealed with such depth and power, the conditionality of the character of the hero by the epoch and environment was shown, a picture of evolution, the spiritual renewal of man was drawn. Mastery of the word, the use of the richest shades of its meaning, a variety of intonations - all this helped the poet to reveal the endless depths of the human soul.

2 The image of Vladimir Lensky

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" A.S. Pushkin contrasts two heroes: Onegin, a disappointed and mentally devastated "suffering egoist", and Vladimir Lensky, a young, romantically enthusiastic, with a large supply of unspent spiritual strength, an enthusiastic altoist.

Describing his hero, Pushkin revealed the attitude of Vladimir Lensky. Moral purity, romantic daydreaming, freshness of feelings, freedom-loving moods are very attractive in him.

Handsome, in full bloom of years,

Kant's admirer and poet.

He is from foggy germany

Bring the fruits of learning:

freedom dreams,

The spirit is ardent and rather strange,

Always an enthusiastic speech

And shoulder-length black curls.

From these lines we learn that Lensky's infancy passed away from his homeland. He lived and studied in Germany, "under the skies of Schiller and Goethe," where "their poetic fire ignited his personality." Lensky is a romantic poet, “before he had time to fade from the cold debauchery of the world”, “he sang the faded color of life at almost eighteen years old.” We see a dreamy person who seeks to express his moods and dreams in poetry. It is alien to secular society and stands out sharply against the background of trifling, buffoonery, cockerels and harliks:

... He did not like feasts,

He ran their conversations.

2.1 Friendship with Onegin and romantic ideals

Feeling uncomfortable in the estate of his parents, where everything was too unromantic, where conversations were “about haymaking, about wine, about the kennel, about his relatives”, imbued with “poetic fire”, Lensky is burning with a desire to get acquainted with Onegin, smart, educated, unusual and strange, according to the neighbors-landlords, and from this even more attractive interlocutor. The acquaintance took place - “they agreed. Wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire. Not so different."

Listening to the enthusiastic, passionate conversations of the young poet, wise by experience and years, disappointed in all the pleasures of life and in people, Onegin:

... listened to Lensky with a smile ...

And I thought: it's stupid to disturb me

His momentary bliss;

And without me the time will come;

Let him live for now

Let the world believe in perfection;

Forgive the fever of youth

And youthful fever and youthful delirium.

In contrast to him, Lensky is inexperienced, naive, sincere, he reveals his soul to a friend, he "cannot hide anything", he is ready to "blab", "enmity, love, sadness and joy." The verb to chat indicates the frivolity, youthful naivety of all these feelings.

In love, being considered a disabled person,

Onegin listened with an air of importance,

How, loving confession heart,

The poet expressed himself;

Your trusting conscience

He casually exposed.

Eugene easily recognized

His love is a young story,

Emotional story,

Not new to us for a long time.

Despite the fact that “everything between them gave rise to disputes and attracted reflection,” these people feel mutual sympathy. For Lensky, this friendship was of particular importance, since at that moment he needed a faithful friend, to whom he could trust all his feelings, experiences, and talk on philosophical topics:

Tribes of past treaties,

The fruits of science, good evil,

And age-old prejudices

And fatal secrets of the coffin.

Fate and life in turn

Everything was judged by them.

But in the subtext of the further characterization of the young poet, one can always feel his opposition to Onegin. Unlike Yevgeny, Lensky's soul has not yet had time to "fade" "from the cold debauchery of the world." If Onegin gained rich experience in love affairs, then Lensky, on the contrary, "was an ignoramus at heart." If Onegin knew and despised people, then Lensky believed in the affinity of souls, in friendship; he believed that there were chosen ones who would make people happy; if Onegin did not have a “high passion” “do not spare the sounds of life”, then Lensky burns with “poetic fire”.

But what are the themes of Lensky's poetry?

He sang separation, and sadness,

And something, and far from the fog,

And romantic roses;

He sang those distant countries

Where long in the bosom of silence

2.2 Falling in love with Olga

Lensky's love for Olga is also a figment of his romantic imagination. No, he did not love Olga, he loved the image he created himself.

Romantic image. And Olga ... an ordinary provincial young lady, whose portrait the Author was "tired of ... immensely."

Romantic Lensky idealizes Olga. He refers not so much to a real girl, but to an abstract beauty maiden created by his imagination.

Lensky vividly imagines in his imagination the situation of Olga's arrival at his grave. In the imagination of the young man, a high content of thoughts and feelings of the beloved arises - the experiences of an ideal being, captured by the idea of ​​the significance and exclusivity of their love. Such depth, strength and detachment of experience, as Lensky believes, is possible only on the part of a very close and devoted person. Hence the passionately expressed request-spell, the call to be faithful:

Dear friend, dear friend,

Come, come, I am your husband!

The author draws sensitivity to the fact that Lensky lives in his own romantic world. "Dear ignoramus with a heart," the hero does not understand the whole depth of the essence of things, and therefore falls in love with Olga, noticing only "eyes, like blue skies, a smile, linen curls, movements, sound, a light camp ..." According to Belinsky, Vladimir " adorned her with virtues and perfections, attributed to her feelings and thoughts that were not in her.

Lensky and Olga: their characters are not opposed to one another, but they are not similar either.

Always humble, always obedient,

Always as cheerful as the morning

How simple is the life of a poet,

Like a kiss of love sweet, eyes like blue sky,

Smile, flaxen hair,

Everything in Olga ... but any novel

Take it and find it right

Her portrait: he is very nice;

I used to love him myself

But he bored me to no end.

Olga is very sweet, but this is an ordinary, ordinary nature.

The thirst for love, the desire to be loved, characteristic of youth, make Lensky blind, unable to discern that Olga is not worth the kind of love that a young poet is capable of. It is clear why he "dryly answered" Onegin's remark-question:

“Are you really in love with a smaller one?” - “What?” - “I would choose another if I were like you a poet.” But Lensky did not choose:

A little lad, captivated by Olga,

I don't know the pain of the heart yet

He was a touching witness

Her infantile fun;

In the shadow of the protective oak forest

He shared her fun

And crowns were read to the children

Friends, neighbors, their fathers.

It took this indifferent, chilled person one or two inattentive glances to understand the difference between the two sisters - while the fiery, enthusiastic Lensky did not even enter his head that his beloved was not at all an ideal and poetic creature, but simply a pretty and unpretentious girl , which was not at all worth the risk of killing a friend or being killed for it.

Lensky's reaction is quite understandable:

Vladimir dryly answered

And after all the way was silent

2.3 Duel with Eugene

A further quarrel with Lensky is natural, it was prepared by such clashes and inevitably had to flare up, since Onegin had casually joked more than once about “timid, tender love” before the fatal ball at the Larins.

The duel between Onegin and Lensky is the most tragic and most mysterious episode of the novel. Onegin is, at best, "a small scientist, but a pedant", but not a cold-blooded killer and a bully. Vladimir Lensky - a naive poet and dreamer, also does not give the impression of an inveterate shooter.

From the pages of the novel you read, you understand that the essence and task of Lensky's life was faith in love, friendship and freedom. And, perhaps, that is why the hero perceives Onegin's unsuccessful joke as a betrayal and betrayal of his best friend. "Unable to bear the deceit," Lensky challenges Onegin to a duel, "deciding to hate the coquette."

The eve of the duel. Before the fight, Lensky goes to Olga. Her ingenuous question: “Why did the evening disappear so early?” - disarmed the young man and dramatically changed his state of mind.

Jealousy and annoyance gone

Before this clarity of sight...

A very natural behavior of a young man in love and jealous, who "had an ignorant heart." The transition from doubts about Olga's feelings to hope for her reciprocal feeling gives a new turn to Lensky's thoughts: he convinces himself that he must protect Olga from the "corruptor" Onegin.

And again pensive, dull

Before my dear Olga,

Vladimir has no power

Remind her of yesterday;

He thinks: “I will be her savior

I will not tolerate a corrupter

Fire and breaths and praises

Tempted a young heart;

So that the despicable, poisonous worm

I sharpened a stalk of a lily;

To a two-morning flower

Withered still half-opened.

All this meant, friends:

I'm shooting with a friend.

The situation that led to a quarrel between two friends, as Lensky imagines it, is far from reality. In addition, being alone with his thoughts, the poet expresses them not in ordinary words, but resorts to literary cliches (Onegin is a despicable, poisonous worm; Olga is a stalk of lilies, a two-morning flower), book words: savior, corrupter.

2.4 Opportunities in destiny

Pushkin also finds other methods of depicting Lensky.

Here is a slight irony: the contrast of the excited state of the young man and Olga's usual behavior at the meeting (, ... as before, Olenka jumped from the porch to meet the poor singer); and comic resolution of the severity of the situation by the introduction of colloquial everyday speech; "And silently he hung his nose"; and the author's conclusion: "All this meant, friends: I'm shooting with a friend." Pushkin translates the content of Lensky's monologue into ordinary, natural spoken language. The author's assessment of everything that happens as absurdity is introduced (a duel with a friend).

Lensky anticipates the tragic outcome of the duel for him. As the fateful hour approaches, the dreary mood intensifies (“He squeezed his heart full of longing; Saying goodbye to the young maiden, It seemed to break”). The first sentence of his elegy:

Where, where did you go,

My golden days of spring?

A typically romantic motive for complaining about the early loss of youth.

And now, "seething with impatient enmity" towards his yesterday's friend, he is under the bullet of a cold and indifferent Onegin.

Your gun then Eugene,

Never stop advancing

Became the first to quietly raise.

Here are five more steps

And Lensky, screwing up his left eye,

He also began to aim - but just

Onegin fired...

The anxious tension that had grown from the beginning of preparations for the duel until Onegin's shot was replaced by a detente of despair. The action slows down, there is a terrible silence:

Drops silently pistol

He puts his hand gently on his chest

... young singer

Found an untimely end!

The storm has died, the color is beautiful

Withered at the dawn,

Extinguished the fire on the altar!..

Extinguished the fire on the altar!..

But this is no longer irony, not a parody. Words that remind us of the sounds of Lensky's "silenced lyre" are a kind of way to enhance the memory, to resurrect the image of the young romantic poet in the reader's memory. Looking into the face of a friend he killed, Evgeny sees the living Lensky with an inner eye, hears his enthusiastic speeches, recalls his romantic poems. In a different style, the following stanza is given, where death is spoken of in simple, precise words:

He lay motionless, and strange

There was a languid world of his chela.

He was wounded through the chest;

Smoking from the wound, blood flowed.

The following detailed comparison is strikingly simple. Perhaps there were no poems in world poetry where the tragic theme of death would be embodied in such ordinary words: house, shutters, windows, hostess, and so on:

A moment ago

In this heart beat inspiration,

Enmity, hope and love,

Life played, blood boiled;

Now, as in an empty house,

Everything in it is both quiet and dark;

It is silent forever.

Shutters closed, windows chalked

Whitewashed. There is no hostess.

Where, God knows. Lost a trace.

The death of the hero is symbolic, it involuntarily leads to the idea that a romantic, a dreamer who is ignorant of reality, must die in a collision with life. For the poet himself, death is a deliverance from life among the townsfolk, a way out of the moral void that reigns in secular society.

He is attractive to us with his pure youth, spontaneity and genuineness of his feelings, he is always and in everything guided by "pure love for the good." We kindly sneer at the fact that Lensky apparently believes in the impossible. And for some reason it is sad to agree that this is impossible. And Belinsky was right, who at one time wrote about Lensky: “He had a lot of good things, but the best thing is that he was young ... He was not one of those natures for whom to live means to develop and move forward. It was a romantic and nothing more.

Reflecting on the failed future of Lensky, Pushkin suggests two options: either the glory of a great poet or the ordinary lot of prosaic existence:

Maybe it's for the good of the world

Or at least for glory was born;

His silent lyre

Rattling, continuous ringing

For centuries I could lift ...

Or maybe that: a poet

An ordinary one was waiting for a lot.

The youth of summer would pass away:

In it, the ardor of the soul would have cooled.

He would have changed a lot.

I would part with the muses, get married ...

And Vladimir Lensky would have become the same landowner as his parents, one of those whom he sincerely despised in his youth.

Both of these options are historically possible, because Pushkin speaks not only about his hero. Lensky is a social type of his time, a typical character.

3 The meaning of the image of a romantic poet

Describing the early death of Lensky, Pushkin tells us: "My friends, you feel sorry for the poet." The poet does not ask, he is sure that the reader of names thinks so. And indeed, no matter how strange and sometimes even ridiculous Lensky may be, he is always touching to us at the same time. And if we relate to him partly with irony, but this kind irony. There is a lot of good and positive in it. A talented poet - lyricist, the most noble convictions, the most "freedom-loving dreams."

But the consequences of romantic imagination, based not on reality, but on ardent feelings, when confronted with life, can be sad, difficult and even tragic both for the person himself and for those around him. So it happened with Lensky.

The examples given show that Lensky was immediately conceived as a typical image of a Russian poet - a romantic at the turn of the 1910s-1920s.

Vladimir is impulsive, serene, full of freedom, ready to sacrifice himself for friendship and confident in the reciprocal feelings of friends, an optimist who believes that the main purpose of a person is to serve the fatherland.

Lensky is a romantic poet. It could not be otherwise: a passionate, impulsive nature was looking for an outlet for its inexhaustible energy, and his poems nourished young dreams.

Lucky, he did not shame:

He proudly preserved in songs

Always high feelings

Gusts of a virgin dream

And the beauty of important simplicity...

He sang love, obedient love,

And his song was clear

Like the thoughts of a simple-hearted maiden,

Like a baby's dream, like the moon

In the deserts of the sky serene.

“We note that the concepts of “simplicity” and “clarity” in the poetry of the romantic Lensky do not coincide with the requirement of simplicity and clarity inherent in the realist Pushkin. In Lensky they come from ignorance of life, from striving into the world of dreams, they are generated by the poetic prejudices of the soul.

Lensky is depicted in just a few chapters of the novel, so the analysis of this image makes it easier to discern that innovative feature of Pushkin's realism, which is expressed in the ambiguity of the assessments given by the author to his hero. In these assessments, in relation to the image of Lensky, sympathy, and irony, and sadness, and a joke, and sorrow are expressed. Taken in interconnection, they help to better understand the meaning of the image of Lensky, to more fully feel its vitality. There is no predestination in the image of a young poet. "The further development of Lensky, if he had remained alive, did not exclude the possibility of his transformation into a romantic poet of the Decembrist orientation (he could have been hanged like Ryleev") under appropriate circumstances.

List of used literature

1. Pushkin A.S. Eugene Onegin.

2. Pushkin A.S. Eugene Onegin - Educational and methodological guide for working with the novel. - M: Iris - press, 2005 - 400s.

3. Belinsky V.G. Article Eight "Eugene Onegin". V. G. Belinsky. Selected works - Minsk, State Educational and Pedagogical Publishing House of the USSR, 1954-440s.

4. Bogomolova E.I., Zharov T.K., Klochikhina M.M. Methodical manual for teachers of literature of preparatory departments of universities - M., No. Higher School, 1873-382 p.

5. Nightingale N.Ya. The image of Lensky and his Elegy in the novel "Eugene Onegin" - Literature at school, 1979 - No. 2

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>The friendship of Onegin and Lensky happened, according to Pushkin himself, "there is nothing to do." Indeed, they were completely opposite in character, with different life experiences, with different aspirations. But they were united by the situation in the rural wilderness. Both of them were burdened by the imposed communication from their neighbors, both were smart enough (in relation to Lensky, it would be more correct to say that he was educated). Regardless of beliefs, each person strives to communicate with his own kind. Only a mentally deranged person can fundamentally run away not from any particular social group, but from people in general. A holy hermit may retire, but he communicates with the whole world, praying for him. The solitude of Onegin was painful for him, and he was glad that at least one person was found with whom he was not disgusted to communicate.

Moreover, such communication was necessary for Vladimir Lensky. Onegin was the ideal listener. He was mostly silent, without interrupting the poet, and if he objected, then justifiably, and was interested in the subject of the conversation. Lensky was in love, and like any lover, he needed a person to whom he could pour out his love, especially if poetry was written at the same time, they had to be read to someone.

Thus, it is clear that in other conditions Onegin and Lensky would hardly have begun to communicate so closely, but human relationships are special because different situations bring people together and separate them sometimes in a completely paradoxical way.

The difference between Lensky and Onegin was not as fundamental as their difference with the neighboring landowners, who considered Lensky half-Russian, and Onegin - a dangerous eccentric and freemason. Speaking extremely generally, Onegin and Lensky were opposites within the same system, and their neighbors generally went beyond the system. That is why Vladimir and Evgeny instinctively found each other and united.

That their friendship was superficial and largely formal is proved by their duel. What kind of friend would shoot with a friend, and even in addition, without any explanation ?! In reality, very little connected them, and it was easy enough to break this little.

Olga and Tatyana Larina: similarities and differences

Speaking about the similarities and differences between the Larin sisters, we can actually only talk about differences. They had one last name, and nothing more. Lively, cheerful, superficial, narrow-minded Olga - and deep, dreamy, languid and melancholy Tatyana. One quickly forgets about the death of the groom and jumps out to marry some lancer, captivated by "love flattery", the other loves the chosen one wholeheartedly, despite the refusal, is struggling to understand him. As a result, Tatyana became a secular queen, and Olga ... Olga sank into obscurity.

Pushkin treats all his heroes condescendingly. He shrewdly draws attention to their mistakes and impartial acts, but also points to the nobility shown by them. He is more indifferent to Olga than to others, and pays less attention to her due to the typical nature of her character. He loves Lensky, although he teases him a little. Onegin, who occupies the main author's attention, is subjected to close examination in its various manifestations. The same can be said about Tatyana. Probably, the most reverent attitude of the author is to Tatyana, who appeared as the most integral and developing nature.

Herzen's attitude to Lensky

Herzen's opinion that Vladimir Lensky was a gratifying phenomenon, but was killed for the cause, otherwise he could not have remained a noble, beautiful phenomenon, is deep enough. The poet himself, trying to describe the possible future fate of Lensky, indicates a possible variant of his development - turning into a kind patriarchal host with a kind, hospitable and stupid wife (Olga). Lensky was too detached from life and too poorly understood people to be a real talent, all his ebullient emotions were weakly consistent with what was happening around him. Therefore, there is great reason in Herzen's words.

2 years ago

Studying the works of A.S. Pushkin, we are increasingly imbued with respect for his literary activity. The constant interest in his works makes us dive deeper and deeper into the world of his creations. Everything that belongs to Pushkin's pen is capacious, beautiful, impressive. His immortal works will be studied by more than one generation of readers.

"Eugene Onegin" is a novel to which Pushkin devoted eight long years. The value of this novel for our cultural and spiritual life is undeniable. The novel is written according to the new canons - it is a novel in verse. The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a philosophical, historical novel.

Onegin and Lensky are the two central figures of the novel. In order to understand what these characters are, to understand the concept of the personality of these people, to penetrate deeper into the author's intention, we will give their comparative characteristics.

The comparative characteristics of the heroes are given according to the following criteria:
upbringing,
education,
character,
ideals,
relation to poetry
relationship to love
attitude to life.

Upbringing

Eugene Onegin. Onegin, by right of birth, belongs to a noble family. Under the guidance of a French tutor, Onegin, “having fun and luxury a child”, was brought up in the spirit of aristocracy, far from truly Russian, national foundations.

“At first Madame followed him,
Then Monsieur replaced her ...
Slightly scolded for pranks
And he took me for a walk in the Summer Garden"

Vladimir Lensky. Humanly attractive character. A handsome man, “black curls to the shoulders”, a rich man, youthfully enthusiastic and ardent. On what ideals Lensky was brought up, the author is silent.

Education

Eugene Onegin
“We all learned little by little, something and somehow,” A.S. Pushkin wisely remarks. Onegin was taught in such a way "so that the child would not be exhausted."

Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, a friend of A.S. Pushkin, wrote at one time that according to the canons of that time, insufficient knowledge of the Russian language was allowed, but ignorance of French was not allowed.

"He's completely French.
Could speak and write

What other knowledge did Eugene shine with? He was a little familiar with classical literature, Roman, Greek. He was interested in history (“from Romulus to the present day”). He had an idea about the social sciences (“he knew how to judge how the state gets richer and how it lives”), political economy (“but read Adam Smith”).

“A small scientist, but a pedant:
He had a lucky talent
No compulsion to speak
Touch everything lightly
With a learned look of a connoisseur.

In general, Onegin can be described as an intelligent person, critical of reality, able to weigh all the pros and cons.

Vladimir Lensky
"Half-Russian" student at the University of Göttingen. Pretty smart, passionate about philosophy (“an admirer of Kant”) and poetry.

"He's from foggy Germany
Bring the fruits of learning ... "

Perhaps he had a bright future, but, most likely,

"... the poet
An ordinary one was waiting for a fate.

Ideals

Eugene Onegin. In order to understand Onegin's ideals, one must understand the very concept of "ideal". The ideal is what we strive for. What was Onegin aiming for? To harmony. Which way did he go? Onegin's path is a struggle between the eternal (national) and the temporal (that which has settled in the character of the hero thanks to society and the ideals of a foreign, introduced philosophy).

Vladimir Lensky. Lensky's ideal is eternal love and holy friendship to the grave.

Character

Eugene Onegin. The character of Onegin is contradictory, complex, as his time is complex and contradictory.

What is he, Onegin?
Onegin is lazy (“which occupied his melancholy laziness all day long”), proud, indifferent. He is a hypocrite and a flatterer, a hunter to slander and criticize. He likes to draw attention to himself, to philosophize. At the feast of life, Onegin is superfluous. He clearly stands out from the crowd around him, seeks to seek the meaning of life. He is tired of hard work. Boredom, spleen, loss of orientation in life, skepticism are the main signs of "superfluous people", to which Onegin belongs.

Vladimir Lensky. Lensky is the exact opposite of Onegin. There is nothing rebellious in Lensky's character.

What is he, Lensky?
Enthusiastic, freedom-loving, dreamy. He is a romantic, a sincere person, with a pure soul, not spoiled by the world, direct, honest. But Lensky is not ideal. The meaning of life for him is a mystery.

"The purpose of our life for him
Was a tempting mystery…”

Lensky and Onegin are different. But at the same time, they are similar: both do not have a worthwhile business, reliable prospects, they lack firmness of mind.

Attitude towards poetry

Eugene Onegin.“Yawning, I took up the pen, I wanted to write ...” What literary material did Onegin decide to take on? It is unlikely that he was going to write poetry. "He could not iambic from chorea, No matter how hard we fought, to distinguish ...". At the same time, it cannot be said that Onegin was averse to poetry. He did not understand the true purpose of poetry, but he was engaged in poetry. He wrote epigrams. (An epigram is a small satirical poem that ridicules a person or social phenomenon).

"And make the ladies smile
Fire of unexpected epigrams"

Vladimir Lensky. Lensky's attitude to poetry is the most favorable. Lensky is a poet, romantic, dreamer. And who is not a romantic at eighteen? Who does not secretly write poetry, does not awaken the lyre?

Attitude towards love

Eugene Onegin.“In love, being considered an invalid, Onegin listened with an air of importance ...” Onegin’s attitude to love is skeptical, with a certain amount of irony and pragmatism.

Vladimir Lensky. Lensky is a singer of love.
"He sang love, obedient to love,
And his song was clear ... "

Attitude to life

Eugene Onegin. Onegin's views on life: life is meaningless, empty. There is no worthy goal in life to strive for.

Vladimir Lensky. Romance, with an ardent spirit and enthusiastic speeches, is alien to a deep look at life.

Conclusion

A.S. Pushkin is the great son of the Russian land. He was given the opportunity to open a new page in Russian literature.

Onegin and Lensky are antipodes. Onegin is a man in whom a good beginning is dormant, but his superficial "ideals" lead to constant conflicts, internal disharmony.

Lensky is freedom-loving, dreamy and enthusiastic, he firmly believes in his ideals. But he is cut off from his native soil, he has no inner core.