Where courage is shown in the captain's daughter.  The image of Grinev in the Captain's daughter

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Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter".

While reading the book, we see a series of events that vividly characterize the personality of Pyotr Grinev, allowing us to see the formation and formation of his inner world, views and foundations.

Grinev's character was influenced by his mother's upbringing, he adopted her kindness, sensitivity and even some gentleness. Little Petrusha lived with his father on the estate, where he received the usual, for that time, home education. He was trained first by the stirrup Savelich, and then by the French teacher Beaupre. However, the concepts of justice, honor and devotion, he acquired, for the most part, not from his tutors, but in a noisy company of his friends - yard boys.

Peter developed a sense of reverence and respect for his parents. Therefore, when his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, and not in the long-desired Semenovsky regiment, Pyotr Grinev obediently fulfilled his will.

Thus, young Pyotr Andreevich ended up in the Belogorsk fortress, where instead of the full brilliance of Petersburg life, village silence awaited him behind a log fence. But Grinev did not have to be upset for long. Unexpectedly for himself, he finds here a simple charm in communicating with kind, unpretentious people living in the fortress. It is in conversations with them that the best qualities of Pyotr Grinev are finally strengthened and formed.

To such a young and open person as Grinev, a high feeling could not but come. Pyotr Andreevich fell in love with Masha Mironova, the lovely daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The subsequent duel with Shvabrin, who insulted Masha, ends with Grinev's injury and a ban on the marriage of lovers from the hero's father.

Lyrical events in the life of Peter Andreevich are interrupted by the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. At this time, such qualities of Pyotr Grinev as honesty, straightforwardness and nobility, which used to seem like an unnecessary burden, now help to save the life of not only himself, but also Masha. Grinev's courage and courage make an indelible impression on Pugachev, causing sincere, genuine respect.

Everything that Grinev experienced made him think more and more about the meaning of human life, allowed him to grow up. Throughout the story, we see the continuous development and growth of Peter Grinev. From a frivolous boy, Grinev imperceptibly grows into a self-affirming, looking for the meaning of existence, a young man, and, in the end, a brave, determined and mature man appears before us.

I think that the heightened sense of justice that the author put into the image of his hero seems so sincere only because the nobility and defense of honor were very important for Pushkin himself. As well as his character, Alexander Sergeevich, subsequently defended the honor of his wife, challenging the offender to a duel. Therefore, the straightforwardness and inner dignity of Grinev does not seem to be a literary exaggeration. This is the quality of a real, adult person.

More essays on the topic: "The Captain's Daughter"

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".

Peter lived on his father's estate and received the usual home education. He was brought up first by the stirrup Savelyich, and then by the Frenchman Beaupre, and in his free time, Peter spent with the yard boys.

Peter honored his parents and respected their wishes. When his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, Peter did not dare to disobey, although he really wanted to serve in St. Petersburg. Before the dear father ordered Peter to serve faithfully and remember the proverb: "take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Grinev remembered well the words of his father and faithfully served the empress.

Pyotr Grinev is very noble and honest. Having lost a hundred rubles to Zurin, he forces Savelich to repay the debt, considering it a debt of honor. And when Shvabrin insulted Masha, Peter did not hesitate to challenge him to a duel.

Grinev showed himself to be a brave, courageous and courageous person. When talking with Emelyan Pugachev, he did not lie to him, but directly said that he would not go over to his side, and if ordered, he would fight against Emelyan's gang. Peter was not afraid to go to save Masha from Shvabrin, although he knew that he could be caught and killed. He risked his life making his way into the fortress, showed courage and ingenuity.

Grinev's kindness and generosity were very useful to him, because Pugachev remembered the gift and that was the only reason he pardoned him.

In the story, Pyotr Grinev is shown in development: first, a frivolous boy, then a self-affirming young man, and finally, an adult and determined man.

Source: sdamna5.ru

Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the story. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. Telling his own life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is excited and does not hide it: “I confess that I did not have that composure, which almost always boast of those who were in my position.” He also directly and simply speaks of his condition before the conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: “The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded.” Grinev does not hide his negative actions either (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelch).
Grinev's Duma has not yet hardened in military service, he kept some of them until the end of his life. He shuddered at the sight of the mutilated Bashkir, captured while distributing Pugachev's leaflets. The singing of the Pugachevtsy makes a strong impression on him: “It is impossible to tell what effect this simple song about the gallows, sung by people doomed to the gallows, had on me. Their formidable faces, slender voices, the dull expression that they gave to words that were already expressive - everything shook me with some kind of poetic horror.
Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few defending the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the command of the commandant, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.
These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He does not tend to be malicious. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."
A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.

Source: litra.ru

Pyotr Grinev is the main character in A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". The reader goes through the entire life path of the protagonist, the formation of his personality, reveals his attitude to the ongoing events, of which he is a participant.

The kindness of the mother and the simplicity of the life of the Grinev family developed softness and even sensitivity in Petrusha. He is eager to go to the Semyonovsky regiment, where he was assigned from birth, but his dreams of life in St. Petersburg are not destined to come true - his father decides to send his son to Orenburg.

And here is Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions, there is a village surrounded by a log fence, with thatched huts. Instead of a strict, angry boss, there is a commandant who went out for training in a cap and a dressing gown; Instead of a brave army, there are elderly invalids. Instead of a deadly weapon - an old cannon clogged with debris. Life in the Belogorsk fortress reveals to the young man the beauty of the life of simple kind people, gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. “There was no other society in the fortress; but I didn’t want anything else, ”recalls Grinev, the author of the notes. Not military service, not reviews and parades attract a young officer, but conversations with nice, simple people, literature studies, love experiences. It is here, in the “God-saved fortress”, in the atmosphere of a patriarchal life, that the best inclinations of Pyotr Grinev grow stronger. The young man fell in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress Masha Mironova. Faith in her feelings, sincerity and honesty caused a duel between Grinev and Shvabrin: Shvabrin dared to laugh at the feelings of Masha and Peter. The duel ended unsuccessfully for the main character. During the recovery, Masha looked after Peter and this served to bring the two young people closer. However, their desire to get married was opposed by Grinev's father, who was angry with his son's duel and did not give his blessing for the marriage.

The quiet and measured life of the inhabitants of the distant fortress was interrupted by the Pugachev uprising. Participation in hostilities shook Peter Grinev, made him think about the meaning of human existence. The son of a retired major turned out to be an honest, decent, noble man; Hatred and disgust for cruelty and inhumanity, Grinev's humanity and kindness allowed him not only to save his life and the life of Masha Mironova, but also to earn the respect of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the uprising, the rebel, the enemy.

Honesty, straightforwardness, loyalty to the oath, a sense of duty - these are the character traits that Peter Grinev acquired while serving in the Belogorsk fortress.

Source: answer.mail.ru

The story "The Captain's Daughter" is a unique and interesting work by A. S. Pushkin, in which the author describes pure and sincere love that suddenly flared up and warms the heart throughout the story.

Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the work. This is an honest, noble and kind person who was raised by his father.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev is a former military man with an open heart and a sincere soul. He does not want to be dependent on others and "beg for" ranks. That is why his service ended quickly. He devoted himself entirely to raising his son and raised a noble man

Adult Petya dreamed of a bright and interesting service in St. Petersburg, but a strict father chose a worthy place for him and sent him to serve near Orenburg. At parting, Andrei Petrovich said: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Peter carried these cherished words throughout his life.

In Orenburg, young Grinev met his true love - a modest and shy girl Masha Mironova. The main character of the story lived in the family of the commandant, a brave and correct man, a loyal subject of Empress Catherine II.

The character of the father and the nobility of the nobleman with age are manifested in Pyotr Andreevich more and more. I was especially impressed by the duel between Grinev and Shvabrin, an evil and mean coeval of Peter. Shvabrin publicly insulted Masha, and Grinev defended the honor of the girl. As a result, Peter was wounded, and Shvabrin emerged victorious, but what! This unfortunate coward struck from behind.

In the story "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is one of the most vivid and memorable. This guy is not distinguished by a dodgy mind and heroic strength, but he is open, sincere and naive. It is these qualities that make readers especially sympathetic. He does not hypocrite and does not pretend, even being on the verge of death. This is the expression of strength of character and true nobility.

Source: sochinenienatemu.com

Narration in "The Captain's Daughter" by Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who talks about his youth, plunged into the cycle of historical events. Grinev appears in the novel, therefore, both as a narrator and as one of the main characters of the events described.

Petr Andreevich Grinev is a typical representative of the provincial Russian nobility of the second half of the 18th century. He was born and raised on the estate of his father, a landowner in the Simbirsk province. His childhood passed as it did for most of the poor provincial nobles of that time. From the age of five, he was given into the hands of a serf uncle Savelich. Having overcome the letter in the twelfth year under the guidance of his uncle, Grinev comes under the supervision of Monsieur Beaupre, a French tutor, discharged from Moscow "along with a year's supply of wine and Provencal oil" and who turned out to be a bitter drunkard.

Describing his student years with good-natured humor, Grinev says: "I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with yard boys." It would be a mistake, however, to think that we have before us a minor like Mitrofanushka from Fonvizin's comedy. Grinev grew up as an intelligent and inquisitive teenager and subsequently, having entered the service, writes poetry, reads French books and tries his hand even in translations.

A decisive influence on Grinev's spiritual warehouse had a healthy atmosphere of family life, simple and modest. Grinev's father, a retired prime minister who had gone through a harsh school of life, was a man of firm and honest views. Seeing off his son to the army, he gives such instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; do not ask for service, do not refuse service; do not chase after the caress of the boss; take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age. Grinev inherited a sense of honor and a sense of duty from his father.
The first life steps of young Grinev reveal his youthful frivolity and inexperience. But the young man proved with his life that he had learned the basic rule of his father's morality: "take care of honor from a young age." For two years, Grinev experiences many events: acquaintance with Pugachev, love for Marya Ivanovna, duel with Shvabrin, illness; he almost dies when the fortress is taken by the troops of Pugachev, etc. Before our eyes, the character of the young man develops and grows stronger, and Grinev turns into a mature young man. A sense of honor and courage save him in life's adversities. With intrepid courage, he looks into the eyes of death when Pugachev orders him to be hanged. All the positive aspects of his character are revealed: simplicity and not depravity of nature, kindness, honesty, fidelity in love, etc. These properties of nature captivate Marya Ivanovna and arouse sympathy from Pugachev. Grinev comes out of life's trials with honor.

Grinev is not a hero in the usual sense of the word. This is an ordinary person, an average nobleman. This is a typical representative of those army officers who, in the words of the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “made our military history of the 18th century.” Pushkin does not idealize him, does not put him in beautiful poses. Grinev remains a modest ordinary person, retaining all the features of a realistic image.

Source: biblioman.org

Initially, Pushkin wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but the censorship would hardly have let him through. Therefore, the main storyline of the story is the service of a young nobleman for the good of the fatherland and his love for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress. In parallel, another topic of Pugachevism that interested the author is given. The second topic, of course, Pushkin devotes much less pages, but enough to reveal the essence of the peasant revolt and acquaint the reader with the leader of the peasants, Emelyan Pugachev. In order for his image to be more reliable, the author needed a hero who personally knew Pugachev and would subsequently speak out about what he saw. Such a hero was Pyotr Grinev, a nobleman, an honest, noble young man. A nobleman was needed, and precisely a noble one, in order to make what he told look plausible and be believed.

The childhood of Petrusha Grinev was no different from the childhood of other children of the local nobles. Through the mouth of the hero himself, Pushkin ironically speaks of the customs of the old local nobility: “Mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant ... If, more than any expectation, mother gave birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced where it should be about the death of the sergeant who did not appear, and that would be the end of the matter."

The author also makes fun of Pyotr Grinev's studies: at the age of five, Savelich was assigned to the boy as an uncle - a courtyard man, to whom such trust was given "for sober behavior." Thanks to Savelich, Petrusha learned to read and write by the age of twelve and "could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." The next step in the training was the Frenchman Monsieur Beaupre, who was supposed to teach the boy "all sciences," discharged from Moscow "together with a year's supply of wine and Provence oil." However, due to the fact that the Frenchman was very fond of wine and the fair sex, Petrusha was left to his own devices. When the son reaches the age of seventeen, the father, filled with a sense of duty, sends Peter to serve for the good of the motherland.

Descriptions of the independent life of Pyotr Grinev are already devoid of irony. From the young man left to himself and to the simple Russian peasant Savelich, a noble nobleman turned out. Having lost at cards due to inexperience, Peter never succumbed to Savelich's persuasion to fall at the feet of the winner with a request to forgive the debt. He is guided by honor: lost - give it back. The young man understands that he must be responsible for his actions.

The meeting with the “counselor” reveals in Pyotr Grinev such a purely Russian quality as generosity. Finding themselves in the steppe during a blizzard, Grinev and Savelich accidentally stumbled upon a man who knew the way. Then, already at the inn, Pyotr Grinev really wanted to thank this stranger. And he offered him his hare coat, which, according to Savelich, cost a lot of money. At first glance, Grinev's act is a manifestation of youthful carelessness, but in fact it is a manifestation of the nobility of the soul, compassion for man.

Arriving at the service in the Belogorod fortress, Pyotr Grinev fell in love with the daughter of the captain of the fortress, Masha Mironova. Nobility and honor do not allow him to ignore the slander directed at his beloved by another nobleman, Alexei Shvabrin. The result of this is a duel that could cost Peter Grinev his life.

It is not in vain that the author introduces into the story the clever, well-read and at the same time vile and dishonorable Shvabrin, and also a nobleman. Comparing two young officers, Pushkin argues that high morality is not the lot of people of a separate class, and even more so, it has nothing to do with education: nobles can be scoundrels, and nobility can be a hallmark of a simple person, Pugachev for example.

The possibility of execution did not force the Pushkin hero to change the ideals of morality. He does not go into the enemy camp to save his life, he learned all too well.

the words spoken by the father as parting words: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Honest Grinev and in a conversation with Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” Moreover, to Pugachev’s question whether Grinev could make a promise not to go against him if ordered, the young man answered with the same sincerity and directness: “How can I promise you this ... You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go , nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse the service when my service is needed?

Grinev's sincerity struck Pugachev. Imbued with respect for the young man, he lets him go. Pugachev's conversation with Grinev is very important. On the one hand, he shows the nobility of a nobleman, on the other hand, the same quality of his opponent: only an equal can appreciate another person.

All the same nobility, as well as love and tender affection, do not allow Grinev to name Masha Mironova at the trial, and this could explain a lot in the story with Pugachev, save him from imprisonment.

The events in the story are presented on behalf of Grinev, who, many years later, talks about two years of his life, about a meeting with Pugachev. The narrator strives to tell everything without exaggeration, objectively. Pugachev in his eyes does not look like a real beast. And we believe him, we cannot but believe: we know this man too well - noble, honest, just. And we think: who is this Pugachev really and what is it - Pugachevism?

Can be excellent

Raise a person in you.

V. G. Belinsky

In any literary work, one way or another, in one form or another, eternal questions are posed - what is considered the norm of morality? Where is the line separating morality from immorality? Are they different at all? And in almost any work, as a rule, it is about the ideals of morality.

I believe that honor occupies the first place in the series of moral symbols. You can survive the collapse of the economy, endure even parting with the dearest people and with the Motherland, but not a single people on earth will ever put up with the decay of morality. In human society, dishonorable people have always been treated with contempt.

The loss of honor is a fall in moral foundations, followed by an inevitable punishment: entire states disappear from the map of the earth, peoples disappear into the black hole of history, individuals die.

Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor in their works. Today, in our difficult time, it sounds especially acute.

The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. On the example of A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" one can clearly see how this happens in life and what results it leads to. The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, was brought up in an atmosphere of high morality from childhood. On the first pages of the story, Pushkin, through the lips of Savelich, acquaints readers with the moral attitudes of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there’s nothing to say about mother ... ”The old servant of his ward Pyotr Grinev brings up with these words, who for the first time got drunk and behaved unsightly. And before leaving for the service, Grinev receives a covenant from his father: “Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.” This folk proverb is also an epigraph to the work. The whole subsequent history of Grinev is the fulfillment, despite all the difficulties and mistakes, of this paternal testament. But honor is a broadly understood term. If for Grinev the father, honor is first of all the honor of a nobleman and officer, then Grinev the son, without abandoning such an understanding, was able to expand the concept of honor to its human and civil meaning.

In him, as it were, the kind, loving heart of his mother was combined with honesty, directness, courage - qualities that are inherent in his father.

The first time Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade the calculation. But nobility prevailed.

A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and disinterested in dealing with others. These qualities were manifested in a generous gift to a "peasant" unknown to him, who showed the way during a snowstorm and which then played a decisive role in his entire future fate. And how, risking everything, he rushed to the rescue of the captured Savelich.

Trials awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. By his behavior here, Pyotr Andreevich proved his loyalty to his father's precepts, did not change what he considered his duty and his honor. Shvabrin interferes with Grinev's love for Masha Mironova, weaves intrigues. In the end, it comes down to a duel. The complete opposite of the honest and direct Grinev is his rival Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. He is a selfish and ungrateful person. For the sake of his personal goals, Shvabrin is ready to commit any dishonorable act. He slanders Masha Mironova, casts a shadow on her mother. He inflicts a treacherous blow to Grinev in a duel and, in addition, writes a false denunciation of him to Grinev the father. Shvabrin goes over to Pugachev’s side not out of ideological convictions: he expects to save his life, hopes to make a career with him if Pugachev succeeds, and most importantly, he wants, having dealt with his rival, to forcibly marry a girl who does not love him.

Honesty and decency occupies a special place in the characteristics of the characters. It is amazing how honest Masha and Grinev are with each other. Between them it is natural to understand, save, pity each other. Mutual devotion helps them overcome life's difficulties and find happiness.

During the rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes and the meanness of others were especially clearly manifested. For example, Captain Mironov and his wife preferred to die rather than surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Grinev did the same, not wanting to swear allegiance to Pugachev, but was pardoned. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of a sense of gratitude for the old service. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated the man of honor in Grinev. The leader of the uprising himself was not alien to the concepts of honor. In addition, thanks to him, Grinev and Masha found each other forever.

Here, too, Shvabrin turned out to be powerless in the implementation of his selfish plans, since Pugachev not only did not support him, but also clearly made it clear that he was dishonest and therefore Grinev was not a competitor.

The ending of the story is also interesting: Grinev is arrested on a denunciation for his connection with the rebellious ataman. He faces the death penalty, but Grinev decides for reasons of honor not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about Masha, then he would certainly have been acquitted. And at the very last moment, justice has triumphed: Masha appeals to the lady, who turns out to be the empress, to pardon Grinev. And the fate of her beloved Masha was decided for the better.

Grinev remained a man of honor to the end. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, to whom he owed his happiness. Pugachev recognized him and nodded his head from the scaffold.

Unfortunately, now there are very few people like Petr Grinev, honest, kind and disinterested. Modern society has almost lost these qualities. And so I want the proverb “take care of honor from a young age” for everyone to have the meaning of a life talisman that helps to overcome the harsh life obstacles.

The protagonist of the novel A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - military Petr Andreevich Grinev or simply Petrusha.
At first glance, this is the image of a simple man liable for military service, who arrived by assignment to the Belogorsk fortress to serve in the troubled times for Russia in the 18th century.
In the novel, the father and son of Grineva are partly compared. It seems that Andrei Grinev is a man of the old military school, he has his own worldview. His son Peter is still too young, he is just starting his career and has no life experience. However, the author chooses as his main character a young person who has not yet been in difficult situations. It is no coincidence that, as a preface to the work, Pushkin cited the words of a well-known saying: "Take care of honor from a young age." That is, the reader immediately understands that the hero of the story is a young, outstanding and honest person.
Like any young man of sixteen, Petrusha Grinev at first appears extremely cheerful and carefree. A noble upbringing affects him - he is a bit like Fonvizin's undergrowth Mitrofanushka. He shows these inclinations, for example, in an episode of a meeting with officer Zurin in Simbirsk. Or another example of the manifestation of Barchuk's gullibility and simplicity - in the chapter "Counsellor", when he easily and cheerfully decides to give a hare coat to the first person he meets, despite the grumbling of his valet. However, this episode can also characterize the young man as a kind, merciful person. These qualities of Peter's character in the future narrative will play an almost decisive role in shaping his image and in the development of the whole action.
The fact that Grinev is very kind and reasonable is confirmed by his trusting relationship with the servant Savelich. He realizes the loyalty of the serf, understands that he is wrong when he shouts at him. And, contrary to the lordly habit of the relationship between master and servant, he asks Savelich for forgiveness.
In addition, Petrusha sacredly honors family traditions, honors his parents - he reacted with reverence to the words of his father's parting words. And in response, he sincerely wishes to serve honestly and well for the good of the Fatherland.
The image of Grinev is gradually revealed as the action of the novel develops. Having barely met Pugachev, he was the first to show his mercy in the above episode with a hare sheepskin coat. Here, in fact, for the first time he shows independence in his judgments - he insists on his own when Savelich is distrustful of the first person he meets. The fact is that, in his spiritual simplicity, he treats well almost all people who do him good.
The breadth of Grinev's open soul manifests itself especially violently when he meets Masha Mironova, the captain's daughter. For her, he is ready to fight with the worst enemies, to save her from the clutches of wild animals and robbers. He does not give up his love even when the captain of the fortress does not give an unambiguous answer to the ardor of the young man's feelings towards his daughter. In a word, having fallen in love, he behaves like a knight and a real man.
When Pushkin describes the events of the siege of the Belogorsk fortress, he emphasizes that his hero shows all the qualities that his father brought up in him - fearlessness, loyalty to honor and military duty. So, a young man fulfills his father's covenants and this promise to preserve honor from a young age.
So, reminiscent of a dullard at the beginning of the novel, and at the stage of the culmination of the action turning into a fair and honest young man, Peter becomes an exemplary highly moral hero of a realistic novel.
Thus, Pushkin puts forward the idea that the seemingly exaggeratedly ideal images of Peter, Masha, the commandant of the fortress, in fact, are such, there were quite a lot of people like them in Russian history.
However, Petr Grinev cannot be perfect for everyone. According to the code of loyalty to his noble family, he cannot support the Pugachev uprising, although he was sympathetic to its ideologist, Emelyan Pugachev. He accepts that changes are needed in the life of the country, but due to circumstances, he acts as the military oath dictates to him.
A clear division of heroes into positive and negative in the story is also a characteristic feature of Pushkin: this is how their comparative characteristics are left. When one character sets off another, it is easier to understand the meaning of the author's idea and get a real idea of ​​the era being described.
The historicism of the novel is another feature that distinguishes it from similar works of that time. It is no coincidence that Pushkin actively studied historical documents in the archives. Their materials are the basis of the work. The author presented the reader with one of the episodes in Russian history in artistic form.

The novel "The Captain's Daughter" (you should not read it in abbreviation if you want to feel the feelings of the characters) will tell the reader about the events described in the memoirs of the nobleman Grinev P.A., a man of fifty years of age. The work tells about the uprising caused by the rebel Pugachev, in which Pyotr Andreevich, being a seventeen-year-old officer, unwittingly took part.

In an ironic form, A. S. Pushkin presents Grinev's childhood memories to the reader. "The Captain's Daughter" tells the story of a minor nobleman who chased pigeons and played leapfrog with local boys. Grinev recalls that, when he was still in the womb, he was already enrolled as a sergeant in Savelich, who looked after Petrusha as a child, who was granted a boy's uncle for a sober lifestyle.

The novel (a brief retelling is given in the article) “The Captain's Daughter” tells that when Grinev was in his seventeenth year, his father decided to send his son to serve, but not in St. Petersburg, but in the regular army in Orenburg. The dreams of young Peter about a cheerful and brilliant life in the capital city are crumbling, they are replaced by the expectation of boredom in a distant and deaf side.

When Grinev and Savelyich drive up to Orenburg, they are overtaken by a snowstorm. The kibitka wanders in a snowstorm, having gone astray. A. S. Pushkin continues his novel with a miraculous rescue of characters. The Captain's Daughter tells the story of a man who happens to meet travelers and leads them to the umet. The escort is very lightly dressed, and Grinev presents him with his sheepskin coat and wine as a token of gratitude for his salvation.

From Orenburg, Peter was sent to serve in the Belgorod fortress, which turns out to be a simple village. It has neither a brave garrison nor formidable artillery, but only invalids and an old cannon.

Further, the novel "The Captain's Daughter" introduces the reader to the commandant of the fortress Mironov Ivan Kuzmich, his wife Vasilisa Egorovna and their daughter Masha. Grinev gradually becomes "native" to them and becomes attached to a kind and honest family.

Lieutenant Shvabrin becomes close to Peter with his education, age and occupation. But soon a conflict occurs between them on the basis of a common sympathy for Masha Mironova, which ends in a duel. Reading the novel "The Captain's Daughter" in abbreviated form, we learn about Grinev's injury in this battle. Masha takes care of him, and the young people confess their sympathy to each other.

Did A. S. Pushkin allow to be together in love? The captain's daughter is a dowry, and Grinev's father forbids them to marry. Peter falls into despondency and retires. A good spiritual shock for him is an unexpected attack on the fortress of the rebels led by the rebel Pugachev Yemelyan.

The fortress has fallen, the prisoners are being taken for the oath to the leader of the gang, among them is Grinev. They kill the commandant and his wife, Pyotr Pugachev pardoned. It turns out that the rebel is the tramp to whom Grinev granted a sheepskin coat.

The chieftain of the gang talks with Peter and, amazed by his sincerity, releases the officer. Grinev rushes to Orenburg to ask for help, since Masha remained in the fortress. Most of all, Peter is frightened by the fact that his enemy Shvabrin has been appointed commandant. He wasted no time in forcing the girl to marry him.

Grinev's help is refused, and he goes to the fortress himself. Again getting to the rebels, Peter meets with Pugachev and explains the reason for his trip. The rebel decides to punish Shvabrin and rescue Masha.

What ending did A. S. Pushkin prepare for the reader? The captain's daughter is released and goes to Grinev's parents as his bride. The groom himself, remaining in the army, is at war with the rebels. Shvabrin slanders him, exposing him as a spy. Peter is arrested, he is waiting for a link to an eternal settlement in Siberia.

Masha saves her lover from the shame, asking for mercy for Grinev from the queen herself. The Empress listened to the girl and pardoned Peter.

Cowardice is nothing more than human weakness, which manifests itself in the inability of a person to overcome his fear of danger, in the lack of determination, which is so necessary for making important decisions. This quality is characteristic of each of us, but it manifests itself in each in its own way. After all, cowardice, first of all, follows from such a quality inherent in all of us as pride. A person cannot help feeling fear, but he can take over it, control it - this is called courage. It, in turn, manifests itself in the courage and fortitude of a person, in the ability to take responsibility and make difficult decisions in different life situations.

In Russian fiction, there are many heroes who possess these qualities. A vivid example of this is the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

The protagonist of the work, Pyotr Grinev, is an honest, straightforward and sincere person, for whom honor and loyalty are above all else. On his account there are many noble and truly brave, selfless deeds that characterize him as a man of courage and strong spirit. So he considered it his duty to intercede for his beloved Maria Ivanovna and accepted the challenge to a duel from Shvabrin. Defending the honor of his girlfriend, he was not afraid to risk his own life. Shvabrin acted meanly: he wounded Grinev when he turned away. Shvabrin's fear and cowardice forced him to strike surreptitiously, in the back of the enemy, when he did not pose any threat. But an even greater sense of fear took possession of him when Pugachev captured the Belgorod fortress. Shvabrin, fearing for his own life, goes over to Pugachev's side. The cowardice and cowardice of the hero pushed him to such a low and dishonorable act as betrayal. Pyotr Grinev acted completely differently. He preferred death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of duty and honor, refused the oath to Pugachev and was ready to bravely accept his death. After such a brave act of the hero, there is no doubt that Pyotr Grinev is a brave and courageous person who is not afraid to face danger. Another confirmation of this is the departure from Orenburg. Exposing himself to great danger, he leaves the fortified city and goes to save his beloved girl. Such a low and cowardly person as Shvabrin would never have dared to take such a bold and selfless act.

Summing up the above, we can conclude that it is courage that frees a person from an oppressive feeling of fear and fills his soul with courage and courage, giving strength for the most outcast acts. Cowardice, on the other hand, destroys all the strength of the spirit in a person and can push him to the meanest and basest deeds.

Updated: 2017-12-08

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