Composition “The theme of honor and human dignity in one of the works of Russian literature (According to the story “The Fate of a Man”). Composition on the topic “Honor and dishonor The theme of honor in the work is the fate of man

The question of honor and dishonor cannot leave anyone indifferent. It affects all of us to a greater or lesser extent. We understand what is good and what is bad, but how to become better is a topic of paramount importance. What qualities should a man of honor have? What should I do to become like this? Today these questions are most relevant for my generation, but the answers were given to us long ago by great writers and thinkers. Let's consider some of them.

Unfortunately, we often have to deal with human lies, that is, with people who are able to mislead others. I believe that liars lose their honor when they "say what is not," as writer Jonathan Swift evasively put it about deceit. From my reading experience, I can give several examples that clearly show what honest qualities and dishonest ones are. Mikhail Sholokhov touched upon, one of which is the issue of honor. The main character Andrei Sokolov was an ordinary citizen. He had a family, children and a good job, but Andrei loses all this in an instant during the war. It would seem that in such a situation there is no time for moral scrupulousness, but he went through all the difficulties of the war with his head held high, but without a false word. One of the main episodes that reveals his inner strength is the scene of Andrei's interrogation by commandant Muller. The weak, powerless soldier surpassed the German in fortitude. The refusal of the offer to drink to the victory of Germany was unexpected for Müller. Such audacity was fraught with disastrous consequences, but the hero did not stoop to a lie. The enemies unexpectedly appreciated the courage of the Russian soldier. Muller said: “That's what Sokolov is. You are a real Russian soldier. You are very brave. I, too, am a soldier and respect worthy opponents.” The firmness of the character of the hero aroused the respect of those who were in the office of the commandant. They decided that Andrei deserved to live, gave him a loaf of bread and a piece of bacon, which he divided among his starving cellmates. Andrei Sokolov is a true patriot of his country, who personifies honor, dignity and courage.

Other examples are the antipode heroes Pyotr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin from the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Take care of honor from a young age - this is the main instruction of the father to Peter Grinev, who is sent to the service. Peter worthily fulfills the will of the parent. He refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, while another hero Alexei Shvabrin does so without much hesitation. He lies to save himself from reprisal, but his oath is worthless. Shvabrin is a traitor, although if his act could only be explained by the fear of death, then he could somehow be justified, because not everyone can be heroes, like Sokolov, for example. But Shvabrin is a vile and low person. He lies in order to get Masha as his wife and eventually get the coveted position of the commandant of the fortress. The liar tried to deprive the girl of honor in the eyes of Grinev, and later meanly wounded Peter during a duel. Therefore, his betrayal is not justified. Alexey is not afraid of shame, he does not understand the meaning of the word "honor", and therefore lying for him is a common thing. Pushkin described the consequences of such behavior very realistically: everyone turns away from a person without honor. But Grinev appears before society as a courageous, courageous and valiant young man.

Thus, examples from the literature suggest that honor implies bravery, valor, courage, and integrity. Pyotr Grinev and Andrei Sokolov endured many hardships and hardships in order to preserve their dignity, their moral guidelines and values. However, Alexei Shvabrin doesn’t even need a reason, he will betray and lie without any threats, just to get what he wants. Therefore, a person, first of all, needs to defeat a coward in himself in order to defend his honor in any circumstances.

Composition

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov is an outstanding master of Soviet realism literature. One of the works in which the author sought to tell the world the harsh truth about the huge price paid by the Soviet people for the right of mankind to the future is the story “The Fate of a Man”, published in Pravda on December 31, 1956 - January 1, 1957. Sholokhov wrote this story in an amazingly short time. Only a few days of hard work were devoted to the story. However, his creative history takes many years: between a chance meeting with a man who became the prototype of Andrei Sokolov, and the appearance of "The Fate of a Man" ten years passed. The story realistically deepened a great literary tradition and opened up new perspectives for the artistic embodiment of the war theme. If in the late 1940s and early 1950s works devoted to the feat of the people in the war were a rare exception, then in the second half of the 50s, interest in this topic became more and more active. It must be assumed that Sholokhov turned to the events of wartime not only because the impression of the meeting with the driver, which deeply excited him and gave him an almost finished plot, did not disappear. The main and determining factor was something else: the past war was such an event in the life of mankind that without taking into account its lessons, none of the most important problems of the modern world could be comprehended and solved.
Sholokhov, exploring the national origins of the character of the protagonist Andrei Sokolov, was faithful to the deep tradition of Russian literature, the pathos of which was love for the Russian person, admiration for him, and was especially attentive to those manifestations of his soul that are connected with the national soil. Andrei Sokolov is a truly Russian man of the Soviet era, his fate reflects the fate of his native people, his personality embodied the features that characterize the face of the nation. He performs heroic deeds without attaching any importance to them. To be convinced of this, it is enough to remember how he is eager to deliver shells to the battery or, without hesitation, decides to destroy the traitor. The disinterestedness of the feat, modesty and naturalness - these are the features that do not distinguish him from the Soviet people, but make him related to them, talk about him as a person to whom the people generously gave their spiritual heritage. This is a person who represents the people in harsh and tragic circumstances and shows qualities that are not his moral privilege, do not distinguish him from others, but bring him closer to them.
In the story "The Fate of a Man" it is really difficult to find what is sometimes invested in the concept of "innovation". And in fact: the laconism of characteristics and descriptions, the dynamism of the plot, the utmost restraint and objectivity - all this does not have the power of the canon over Sholokhov. Meanwhile, "The Fate of a Man" is an innovative work in the most direct and deepest sense of the word, innovative in essence, in its ideological and aesthetic essence.
Andrey Sokolov, having gone through the war, lost everything: the family died, the hearth was destroyed. A peaceful life has come, the time has come for the spring awakening, the time for hopes for a happy future. And he looks at the world around him “as if sprinkled with ashes” and “filled with inescapable melancholy” eyes, the words escape from his lips: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why did you distort it so much? .. ”In the words of Andrei Sokolov, both sad bewilderment and woeful hopelessness are hidden. A person turns his anxious question to life, and does not expect an answer from her. Looking back into the past, remembering and evaluating everything he did, the hero does not feel guilty before life and people. Sholokhov is looking for the motives of his tragedy not in the features of character, but in the tragic state of the world, in the imperfection of the human life order. The fate of the hero is included in the broad stream of historical existence. There is a problem that no famous modern writer has passed by. We are talking about how the fate of those who went through the Great Patriotic War developed, how peaceful life met them, whether they were rewarded for their exploits and suffering, whether their hopes cherished at the forefront came true, what lessons they learned, and what role they play. in the affairs and concerns of the post-war world. The return of the front-line soldier to peaceful life, to the hearth naturally became one of the main motives in the work of writers. Post-war reality was depicted in pictures of construction sites resurrecting from the ruins of towns and villages. People work, not finding time to think, not giving vent to either bitter memories of the past, or restless feelings that arose in response to injustice and evil that did not disappear from life. In the 1940s, many Soviet writers created a false idea of ​​the scale of the people's feat, instilled a frivolous idea that restoring what was destroyed and healing wounds was not such a difficult task, and the historical mission of the Soviet people, who saved humanity from fascist enslavement, was easily accomplished. Some writers seem to have forgotten that the truth about the era did not receive exhaustive expression in the victory parade that crowned the feat of the people in the war. It will be only a symbol of the era, but not a realistic picture of the time with its suffering, loss and need.
The artistic originality of the story "The Fate of a Man" is in the extraordinary capacity of its content, in the epic scale in the breadth of the paintings. The fate of Andrei Sokolov is the plot's main motif, but the story gives a vivid panorama of the country's history, military episodes that are amazing in their drama are drawn. The discovery of Sholokhov as an artist who explores the soul of the people at the turning points of its history, the character of a person acting in the harsh circumstances of a tragic era, is not limited to the work of individual writers. The experience of a great artist is the property of everyone, but everyone takes from it what is consistent with his creative aspirations. Novels and stories about the war, written in the late 50s - early 60s, despite their artistic individuality, have common features, which allows them to be considered as a literary phenomenon of a certain era. This is trust in man, the activity of humanism, the conscious desire to give the tragic experience of the past to the service of modernity.

Andrey Sokolov begins his story about himself with the words: “At first, my life was ordinary.” But it was in this “ordinary life” that Sholokhov saw the truly sublime and human, because only in everyday cares and work are honest and modest, noble and selfless people revealed. Sholokhov carefully uses the artist’s right to select material when he reproduces the story of the hero, who recalls the “rude words” thrown to his wife and drinking with friends, after which “you write out such pretzels with your feet that from the side, I suppose, it’s scary to look.” But the writer knows that this is not the main thing in Andrey's character. A hard-working man, all absorbed in caring for the family, a gentle husband and father, who finds true happiness in quiet joys and modest successes that did not bypass his home, - Andrei Sokolov personifies those moral values ​​that have been inherent in working people from time immemorial. With what tender penetration he recalls his wife Irina: “Looking from the outside - ...” How much fatherly pride he puts into words about children, especially about his son: “And the children made me happy ...”
Sokolov's path in the war was tragic. Milestones on this path were feats accomplished by a person who was not broken, not reconciled, who did not recognize the power of the enemy over himself and retained moral superiority over them. Only such a person could so simply and deeply say about the exorbitant hardships of the war that fell on the shoulders of women and children: “The whole power leaned on them! ..” But even more difficult trials awaited him: his family died, on Victory Day a German sniper’s bullet ended his life son of Anatoly. Yet there is no vindictive hatred or venomous skepticism in his eyes. Life distorted a person, but could not break him, kill the living soul in him.
And here is the last milestone in the path of the protagonist - Andrei Sokolov adopts little Vanyusha, whom the war has deprived of his relatives. Andrei does not try to motivate his decision to take in an orphan girl philosophically, this step is not connected with the problem of moral duty. For him, "to protect the child" is a natural manifestation of his soul. So that the eyes of the child are clear, “like a sky”, and the fragile soul remains undisturbed, nothing cruel should touch him. That is why it is so important “not to hurt the heart of a child, so that he does not see how a burning and stingy male tear runs down his cheek ...”
The compassion with which the author was seized, shocked by the story of Andrei Sokolov, did not give the story a sentimental coloring, since what was told by the hero caused not only pity, but also pride in the Russian people, admiration for his strength, the beauty of his spirit, faith in the immense possibilities of people. This is exactly how the main character appears, and the author gives him his love, and respect, and pride, when, with faith in justice and reason, he says: “Two orphaned people…”

Andrei Sokolov is a man of great charm. Already at the beginning of the story, Sholokhov makes us feel that we have met a kind and strong man, simple and open, modest and gentle. This tall, “stooping man”, dressed in “a quilted jacket burned in several places”, in coarse boots immediately won over. How much tenderness was in his words addressed to the boy: “- Say hello to your uncle, son! ..” We still don’t know anything about this man, but by the way he says about the boy: “- I’m in trouble with this passenger!. .", - you can certainly see in him a kind, soft nature. Neither irritation nor dismissive indifference of an adult when he talks about a child slipped into his speech. Feigned lamentation: "I'm in trouble with this passenger" - only sharper shaded his true feelings. Noticing that in front of him was “his brother, the driver,” he trustingly and openly, with that noble naturalness that distinguishes simple and good people, entered into a conversation: “Let me, I think, I’ll come in, we’ll smoke together. For one, smoking and dying are sickening. His keen eye noticed that the interlocutor "lives richly, smokes cigarettes," a proverb breaks from his lips, exposing an experienced and good-natured person: "Well, brother, soaked tobacco, like a treated horse, is no good." As an experienced soldier, he asks about the front-line years and drops: “Well, I had to take a sip of goryushka up to my nostrils and higher there, brother.” Andrei is not looking for a reason to pour out his soul in front of everyone he meets. In the interlocutor, he sees a soldier, whose fate was also not easy. Courageous restraint is a trait that is equally inherent in both the author and the hero of the story. A remark involuntarily escaped from him: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why so distorted? - was interrupted: “And suddenly he remembered: affectionately pushing his little son, he said: “Go, my dear, play near the water, there will always be some prey for the children near the big water. Just be careful not to get your feet wet!”

In the experience and observations, in the thoughts and feelings of Sokolov, the historical, vital and moral concepts of the people are reflected, in a severe struggle and hard work comprehending the truth, knowing the world. The depth and subtlety of his statements are combined with simplicity and clarity. Let us recall how poetically he compares childhood memory with summer lightning: “After all, children’s memory is like summer lightning ...” However, spiritual responsiveness and tenderness, the ability for active love, shown by him when he encounters kind and fair people or who need his protection , is the moral basis of intransigence, contempt, courageous firmness in relation to cruelty and betrayal, lies and hypocrisy, cowardice and cowardice.
Andrei Sokolov went to the front as a man already established, the war was a cruel test of the physical and spiritual forces, beliefs and ideals that made up the essence of his personality, the basis of his worldview and character. Sholokhov does not show the details of front-line life and camp ordeals in order to focus on depicting "shock", "climax" moments, when the character of the hero manifests itself most strongly and deeply. Farewell on the platform, captivity, reprisal against a traitor, an unsuccessful attempt to escape from the camp, a clash with Muller, returning to his homeland, his son's funeral, meeting with the boy Vanyushka - these are the milestones of Andrey's path. Where are the sources that gave strength to endure, to resist? The answer to this question is in the pre-war biography of Sokolov, the same age as the century, whose life path is marked by memorable events in the life of the people and the country where the revolution took place, a new world was created in labor and struggle. These were the circumstances that shaped the character and worldview of a person, the historical consciousness of the people, whose son he was.

Other writings on this work

Arguments for the final essay.

1. A. Pushkin"The Captain's Daughter" (As you know, A.S. Pushkin died in a duel, fighting for the honor of his wife. M. Lermontov in his poem called the poet "a slave of honor." A quarrel, caused by the offended honor of A. Pushkin, led to death the greatest writer.However, Alexander Sergeevich retained his honor and good name in the memory of people.

In his story "The Captain's Daughter" Pushkin portrays Petrusha Grinev with high moral character. Peter did not tarnish his honor even in those cases when it was possible to pay for it with his head. He was a man of high morals worthy of respect and pride. He could not leave Shvabrin's slander on Masha unpunished, so he challenged him to a duel. Grinev retained his honor even under pain of death).

2. M. Sholokhov“The fate of a man” (In a short story, Sholokhov touched on the topic of honor. Andrey Sokolov is a simple Russian man, had a family, a loving wife, children, his own home. Everything collapsed in an instant, and the war was to blame. But nothing could break a real Russian spirit. Sokolov managed to endure all the hardships of the war with his head held high. One of the main episodes that reveal the strength and steadfast character of a person is the scene of the interrogation of Andrei Muller. A weak, hungry soldier surpassed the fascist in strength of mind. Refusal of the offer to drink for the victory of German weapons unexpected for the Germans: "Yes, so that I, a Russian soldier, would drink for the victory of German weapons?" The Nazis appreciated the courage of the Russian soldier, saying: "You are a brave soldier. I am also a soldier and respect worthy opponents." that this man deserves life. Andrey Sokolov personifies honor and dignity. For them, he is ready to give even his life.))

3. M. Lermonotov. The novel "A Hero of Our Time" (Pechorin knew about Grushnitsky's intentions, but nevertheless did not wish him harm. An act worthy of respect. Grushnitsky, on the contrary, committed a dishonorable act by offering Pechorin an unloaded weapon for a duel).

4. M. Lermonotov"Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ...". (Lermontov tells about the permissiveness of people in power. This is Kiribeevich, who encroached on his married wife. Laws are not written for him, he is not afraid of anything, even Tsar Ivan the Terrible supports him, so he agrees to fight with the merchant Kalashnikov. Merchant Stepan Paramonovich Kalashnikov is a man of truth, a faithful husband and a loving father. And even despite the risk of losing to Kiribeevich, he challenged him to a fist fight for the honor of his wife Alena. Paramonovich could have yielded to the tsar, avoided his death, but for him the honor of the family turned out to be more precious.Using the example of this hero, Lermontov showed the real Russian character of a simple man of honor - strong in spirit, unshakable, honest and noble.)

5. N. Gogol Taras Bulba. (Ostap accepted death with dignity).

6. V. Rasputin"French lessons". (The boy Vova with honor passes all the tests in order to get an education, to become a man)

6. A. Pushkin"Captain's daughter". (Shvabrin is a vivid example of a person who has lost dignity. He is the complete opposite of Grinev. This is a person for whom the concept of honor and nobility does not exist at all. He walked over the heads of others, stepping over himself for the sake of his momentary desires. Popular rumor says: "take care dress again, and honor from youth. "Once having tarnished honor, you are unlikely to ever be able to restore your good name.)

7. F.M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment" (Raskolnikov is a murderer, but the dishonorable act was based on pure thoughts. What is it: honor or dishonor?)

8. F.M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment". (Sonya Marmeladova sold herself, but she did it for the sake of her family. What is it: honor or dishonor?)

9. F.M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment". (Dunya was slandered. But her honor was restored. Honor is easy to lose.)

10. L.N. Tolstoy"War and Peace" (Becoming the owner of a large inheritance, Bezukhov, with his honesty and faith in the kindness of people, falls into the nets set by Prince Kuragin. His attempts to seize the inheritance failed, then he decided to get money in another way. He married the young man to his daughter Helen , who had no feelings for her husband. In the good-natured and peace-loving Pierre, who learned about Helen's betrayal with Dolokhov, anger boiled and he challenged Fedor to battle. The duel showed Pierre's courage. Thus, using the example of Pierre Bezukhov, Tolstoy showed the qualities that cause respect. And the miserable intrigues of Prince Kuragin, Helen and Dolokhov brought them only suffering. Lies, hypocrisy and sycophancy never bring real success, but they can tarnish the honor and lose the dignity of a person).

Sholokhov M. A.

Composition on a work on the topic: The theme of honor of human dignity.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov is an outstanding master of Soviet realism literature. One of the works in which the author sought to tell the world the harsh truth about the huge price paid by the Soviet people for the right of mankind to the future is the story “The Fate of a Man”, published in Pravda on December 31, 1956 - January 1, 1957. Sholokhov wrote this story in an amazingly short time. Only a few days of hard work were devoted to the story. However, his creative history takes many years: between a chance meeting with a man who became the prototype of Andrei Sokolov, and the appearance of "The Fate of a Man" ten years passed. The story realistically deepened a great literary tradition and opened up new perspectives for the artistic embodiment of the war theme. If in the late 1940s and early 1950s works devoted to the feat of the people in the war were a rare exception, then in the second half of the 50s, interest in this topic became more and more active. It must be assumed that Sholokhov turned to the events of wartime not only because the impression of the meeting with the driver, which deeply excited him and gave him an almost finished plot, did not disappear. The main and determining factor was something else: the past war was such an event in the life of mankind that without taking into account its lessons, none of the most important problems of the modern world could be comprehended and solved.
Sholokhov, exploring the national origins of the character of the protagonist Andrei Sokolov, was faithful to the deep tradition of Russian literature, the pathos of which was love for the Russian person, admiration for him, and was especially attentive to those manifestations of his soul that are connected with the national soil. - this is a truly Russian man of the Soviet era, his fate reflects the fate of his native people, his personality embodied the features that characterize the face of the nation. He performs heroic deeds without attaching any importance to them. To be convinced of this, it is enough to remember how he is eager to deliver shells to the battery or, without hesitation, decides to destroy the traitor. The unselfishness of the feat, and naturalness - these are the features that do not distinguish him from the Soviet people, but make him related to them, talk about him as a person to whom the people generously gave their spiritual heritage. This is a person who represents the people in harsh and tragic circumstances and shows qualities that are not his moral privilege, do not distinguish him from others, but bring him closer to them.
In the story "The Fate of a Man" it is really difficult to find what is sometimes invested in the concept of "innovation". And in fact: the laconism of characteristics and descriptions, the dynamism of the plot, the utmost restraint and objectivity - all this does not have the power of the canon over Sholokhov. Meanwhile, "The Fate of a Man" is an innovative work in the most direct and deepest sense of the word, innovative in essence, in its ideological and aesthetic essence.
Andrey Sokolov, having gone through the war, lost everything: the family died, the hearth was destroyed. A peaceful life has come, the time has come for the spring awakening, the time for hopes for a happy future. And he looks at the world around him “as if sprinkled with ashes” and “filled with inescapable melancholy” eyes, the words escape from his lips: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why so distorted? In the words of Andrei Sokolov, both sad bewilderment and woeful hopelessness are hidden. A person turns his anxious question to life, and does not expect an answer from her. Looking back into the past, remembering and evaluating everything he did, the hero does not feel guilty before life and people. Sholokhov is looking for the motives of his tragedy not in the features of character, but in the tragic state of the world, in the imperfection of the human life order. The fate of the hero is included in the broad stream of historical existence. There is a problem that no famous modern writer has passed by. We are talking about how the fate of those who went through the Great Patriotic War developed, how peaceful life met them, whether they were rewarded for their exploits and suffering, whether their hopes cherished at the forefront came true, what lessons they learned, and what role they play. in the affairs and concerns of the post-war world. The return of the front-line soldier to peaceful life, to the hearth naturally became one of the main motives in the work of writers. Post-war reality was depicted in pictures of construction sites resurrecting from the ruins of towns and villages. People work, not finding time to think, not giving vent to either bitter memories of the past, or restless feelings that arose in response to injustice and evil that did not disappear from life. In the forties, many Soviet people created a false idea of ​​the scale of the people's feat, instilled a frivolous idea that restoring the destroyed, healing the wounds is not such a difficult task, and the historical mission of the Soviet people, who saved humanity from fascist enslavement, was easily accomplished. Some writers seem to have forgotten that the era did not receive exhaustive expression in the victory parade that crowned the feat of the people in the war. It will be only a symbol of the era, but not a realistic picture of the time with its suffering, loss and need.
The artistic originality of the story "The Fate of a Man" is in the extraordinary capacity of its content, in the epic scale in the breadth of the paintings. The fate of Andrei Sokolov is the plot's main motif, but the story gives a vivid panorama of the country's history, military episodes that are amazing in their drama are drawn. The discovery of Sholokhov as an artist who explores the soul of the people at the turning points of its history, the character of a person acting in the harsh circumstances of a tragic era, is not limited to the work of individual writers. The experience of a great artist is the property of everyone, but everyone takes from it what is consistent with his creative aspirations. Novels and stories about the war, written in the late 50s - early 60s, despite their artistic individuality, have common features, which allows them to be considered as a literary phenomenon of a certain era. This is trust in man, the activity of humanism, the conscious desire to give the tragic experience of the past to the service of modernity.

Andrey Sokolov begins his story about himself with the words: “At first, my life was ordinary.” But it was in this “ordinary life” that Sholokhov saw the truly sublime and human, because only in everyday cares and work are honest and modest, noble and selfless people revealed. Sholokhov carefully uses the artist’s right to select material when he reproduces the story of the hero, who recalls the “rude words” thrown to his wife and drinking with friends, after which “you write out such pretzels with your feet that from the side, I suppose, it’s scary to look.” But the writer knows that this is not the main thing in Andrey's character. A hard-working man, all absorbed in caring for the family, a gentle husband and father, who finds true happiness in quiet joys and modest successes that did not bypass his home, - Andrei Sokolov personifies those moral values ​​that have been inherent in working people from time immemorial. With what tender penetration he recalls his wife Irina: “Looking from the outside - ...” How much fatherly pride he puts into words about children, especially about his son: “And the children made me happy ...”
Sokolov's path in the war was tragic. Milestones on this path were feats accomplished by a person who was not broken, not reconciled, who did not recognize the power of the enemy over himself and retained moral superiority over them. Only such a person could say so simply and deeply about the exorbitant hardships of the war that fell on the shoulders of women and children: “The whole power leaned on them!” But even more difficult trials awaited him: his family died, on Victory Day a German sniper's bullet ended the life of his son Anatoly. Yet there is no vindictive hatred or venomous skepticism in his eyes. Life distorted a person, but could not break him, kill the living soul in him.
And here is the last milestone in the path of the protagonist - Andrei Sokolov adopts little Vanyusha, whom the war has deprived of his relatives. Andrei does not try to motivate his decision to take in an orphan girl philosophically, this step is not connected with the problem of moral duty. For him, "to protect the child" is a natural manifestation of his soul. So that the eyes of the child are clear, “like a sky”, and the fragile soul remains undisturbed, nothing cruel should touch him. That is why it is so important “not to hurt the heart of a child, so that he does not see how a burning and stingy male tear runs down his cheek ...”
The compassion with which the author was seized, shocked by the story of Andrei Sokolov, did not give the story a sentimental coloring, since what was told by the hero caused not only pity, but also pride in the Russian people, admiration for his strength, the beauty of his spirit, faith in the immense possibilities of people. This is exactly how the main character appears, and the author gives him his love, and respect, and pride, when, with faith in justice and reason, he says: “Two orphaned people…”

Andrei Sokolov is a man of great charm. Already at the beginning of the story, Sholokhov makes us feel that we have met a kind and strong man, simple and open, modest and gentle. This tall, “stooping man”, dressed in “a quilted jacket burned in several places”, in coarse boots immediately won over. How much tenderness was in his words addressed to the boy: “- Say hello to your uncle, son!” We still don’t know anything about this man, but by the way he says about the boy: “I’m in trouble with this passenger!”, You can definitely see in him a kind, soft nature. Neither irritation nor dismissive indifference of an adult when he talks about a child slipped into his speech. Feigned lamentation: "I'm in trouble with this passenger" - only sharper shaded his true feelings. Noticing that in front of him was “his brother, the driver,” he trustingly and openly, with that noble naturalness that distinguishes simple and good people, entered into a conversation: “Let me, I think, I’ll come in, we’ll smoke together. For one, smoking and dying are sickening. His keen eye noticed that the interlocutor "lives richly, smokes cigarettes," a proverb breaks from his lips, exposing an experienced and good-natured person: "Well, brother, soaked tobacco, like a treated horse, is no good." As an experienced soldier, he asks about the front-line years and drops: “Well, I had to take a sip of goryushka up to my nostrils and higher there, brother.” Andrei is not looking for a reason to pour out his soul in front of everyone he meets. In the interlocutor, he sees a soldier, whose fate was also not easy. Courageous restraint is a trait that is equally inherent in both the author and the hero of the story. A remark involuntarily escaped from him: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why so distorted? - was interrupted: “And suddenly he remembered: affectionately pushing his little son, he said: “Go, my dear, play near the water, there will always be some prey for the children near the big water. Just be careful not to get your feet wet!”

In the experience and observations, in the thoughts and feelings of Sokolov, the historical, vital and moral concepts of the people are reflected, in a severe struggle and hard work comprehending the truth, knowing the world. The depth and subtlety of his statements are combined with simplicity and clarity. Let us recall how poetically he compares childhood memory with summer lightning: “After all, children’s memory is like summer lightning ...” However, spiritual responsiveness and tenderness, the ability for active love, shown by him when he encounters kind and fair people or who need his protection , is the moral basis of intransigence, contempt, courageous firmness in relation to cruelty and betrayal, lies and hypocrisy, cowardice and cowardice.
Andrei Sokolov went to the front as a man already established, the war was a cruel test of the physical and spiritual forces, beliefs and ideals that made up the essence of his personality, the basis of his worldview and character. Sholokhov does not show the details of front-line life and camp ordeals in order to focus on depicting "shock", "climax" moments, when the character of the hero manifests itself most strongly and deeply. Farewell on the platform, captivity, reprisal against a traitor, an unsuccessful attempt to escape from the camp, a clash with Muller, returning to his homeland, his son's funeral, meeting with the boy Vanyushka - these are the milestones of Andrey's path. Where are the sources that gave strength to endure, to resist? The answer to this question is in the pre-war biography of Sokolov, the same age as the century, whose life path is marked by memorable events in the life of the people and the country where the revolution took place, a new world was created in labor and struggle. These were the circumstances that shaped the character and worldview of a person, the historical consciousness of the people, whose son he was.
http://vsekratko.ru/sholohov/sudbacheloveka2

At the end of 56g. M. A. Sholokhov published his story The Fate of Man. This is a story about a simple man in a big war, who, at the cost of losing loved ones, comrades, with his courage, heroism, gave the right to life and freedom to his homeland. Andrei Sokolov is a modest worker, the father of a large family lived, worked and was happy, but the war broke out. Sokolov, like thousands of others, went to the front. And then all the troubles of the war flooded over him: he was shell-shocked and captured, wandered from one concentration camp to another, tried to escape, but was caught.

More than once death looked into his eyes, but Russian pride and human dignity helped him find courage in himself and always remain a man. When the camp commandant summoned Andrei to his place and threatened to personally shoot him, Andrei did not lose his human face, did not begin to drink for the victory of Germany, but said what he thought. And for this, even the sadistic commandant, who personally beat the prisoners every morning, respected him and let him go, rewarding him with bread and lard. This gift was divided equally among all the prisoners. Later, Andrei still finds an opportunity to escape, taking with him an engineer with the rank of major, whom he drove by car. But Sholokhov shows us the heroism of the Russian people not only in the fight against the enemy. A terrible grief befell Andrei Sokolov even before the end of the war from a bomb that hit the house, his wife and two daughters were killed, and his son was shot by a sniper already in Berlin on the very day of Victory, May 9, 1945.

It seemed that after all the trials that fell to the lot of one person, he could become embittered, break down, withdraw into himself. But this did not happen: realizing how hard the loss of relatives and bleak loneliness, he adopts a 5-year-old boy Vanyusha, whose parents were taken away by the war. Andrei warmed, made happy the orphan soul, and thanks to the warmth and gratitude of the child, he himself began to return to life. Sokolov says: At night, you stroke his sleepy one, you smell the hairs in the whirlwinds, and the heart departs, it becomes easier, otherwise it turned to stone with grief. With all the logic of his story, Sholokhov proved that his hero cannot be broken by life, because he has something that cannot be broken: human dignity, love for life, homeland, for people, kindness that helps to live, fight, work. Andrey Sokolov first of all thinks about duties to relatives, comrades, Motherland, humanity. This is not for him, but a natural need.

And there are many such simple wonderful people. It was they who won the war and restored the ruined country so that life could go on and be better, happier. Therefore, Andrey Sokolov is close, understandable and dear to us always.

You read the story, and it seems as if the devastated, as it were, "Andrey's eyes sprinkled with ashes, which were filled with such inescapable, mortal longing, are looking directly into your soul." But it turns out that these eyes, which have seen torment and death, which have seen the monstrously sophisticated enemy in their desire to kill everything human in people, which have seen death in their eyes at every step, have not lost the ability to see and sensitively perceive everything pure, beautiful in nature, in the surrounding life. Sokolov's heart is filled with kindness to the living, to people. He was shocked by the fate - Vanyushka, in some ways similar to his own sad fate. A lot of suffering fell on the lot of Andrei Sokolov: “Where they just didn’t drive me for 2 years of captivity! I traveled half of Germany during this time, and I was in Saxony, I worked at a silicate plant, and I was in the Ruhr region, I chipped coal in a mine, and in Bavaria a hump made a hump in earthworks ”But the hard labor of the atrocities of the Nazis did not break him, they did not kill him sense of duty, love for the native land. With his own hands, A. Sokolov strangled a traitor who threatened his platoon commander to hand him over to the Germans. Sokolov steadfastly endured all the torments of the concentration camp. Someone reported to the authorities Andrei's "bitter words" about the severity of hard labor. And so he was brought to the commandant. Andrei understands that right now, maybe in a few minutes, he will be killed, but he was not afraid, did not begin to beg for mercy, but vice versa. “I wanted to show them, damned, that I have my own Russian dignity and pride and that they didn’t turn me into a beast, no matter how hard they tried.”

The extraordinary courage and dignity with which Sokolov behaved earned respect even from the fascist, who graciously gave Andrei life, a small loaf of bread and an even smaller piece of lard. Andrei Sokolov understood that only the support of his comrades helped him to survive, and, returning to the barracks, Andrei shares the bread he got with everyone equally.

From the first minutes of Sokolov's captivity, the thought of escaping did not leave. The first time the escape failed, but the second time Andrei not only escaped from captivity himself, but also brought with him "a German engineer with the rank of army major" with very important documents. Having recovered in the hospital, Andrei returns home, but here a new heavy grief falls on his shoulders: the death of his wife and daughters. Sokolov returns to the front again and there he learns about the heroic death of his son, who remained the last joy and support in his life.

The meeting with Vanyusha played a big role in the life of A. Sokolov. This orphan boy, with "eyes as bright as the sky," revived his soul. Andrei gives all his fatherly love, all the warmth of his heart to this little boy. The meeting of these two people, who lost everything during the war years, helps both of them to “survive”.

Many works have been written, but, in my opinion, not a single book reflects the strength of the spirit of a Soviet person so much as in the story of M. Sholokhov "SCh".

How many of them, famous and nameless heroes, about which books and poems have already been written or are just being written. We will always remain indebted to people. Defending the world from fascism, in front of the soldiers, their mothers and widows. They have always lived and will live in the memory of the people, they will always be an example for us young people. It is to us that the words of R. Rozhdestvensky's "Requiem" are addressed:

Do not Cry! Keep Moaning in your throat. The memory of the fallen Be worthy, Forever worthy.