Music research project. "Balalaika is a folk instrument" - presentation
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Music project "Russian folk instrument balalaika" Completed by: Anastasia Glazovskaya, 3rd grade student of the MBOU "Secondary School No. 1", Khanymei village Head: music teacher German Galina Alexandrovna
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The purpose of the project: to expand knowledge about the musical instrument balalaika Tasks: search for information and its processing; the study of methodological literature on the history of the emergence and use of the balalaika in the life of the Russian people; obtaining individual consultations from the project manager; search for information about musicians - balalaika players; fulfillment of tasks given by the project manager; compiling a crossword puzzle "Russian folk instruments"; creation of a presentation “Russian folk instrument balalaika; project protection
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The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that modern children are less and less interested in the customs and traditions of the Russian people, that people forget about their cultural heritage, their music and musical instruments, without which it was once impossible to imagine the life of Russian people. I consider it necessary to acquaint the children of my class and school with the history of the appearance of the balalaika with the help of my research. The hypothesis has its own characteristics. I made the assumption that if I learn and tell about the balalaika and the history of its development, then the students of my class will learn more about the Russian musical instrument, their horizons in the field of musical art will expand, their interest in the subject “music” will increase at school, and maybe even they will have a desire to learn how to play the balalaika. Problems. I found a lot of interesting information on the topic of the project. But I still don’t know how to process and highlight the main thing. I lacked the necessary knowledge and computer skills to work on the presentation, and therefore had to seek help from the project manager and parents. My interest in Russian folk instruments arose when, during the festive concerts at our school, I noticed that almost all the guys are interested in modern music and choreography. And few people are interested in musical folk art.
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Historical information When and by whom the balalaika was invented, there is no exact information. There are different versions about the appearance of the balalaika. Balalaika, like a whistle, a bagpipe, a harp, etc., is revered as one of the oldest musical instruments, which is also evidenced by the Arab historian Ibn-Fatslan, who visited Volga Bulgaria in 921 as an ambassador and saw how the visiting "Russians" buried their prince. According to pagan custom, among other things, they put in the grave of the deceased: “a strong drink, fruits and a musical instrument” - “eine Laute”, translated by Fran, according to A. Kotlyarevsky - “balalaika”, so that, according to pagan belief in the afterlife, he could delight himself in the next world by playing the instrument he loved during his lifetime. There is also such information about the origin of the balalaika that in the 17th century, during the performances of buffoons, they had an unusual instrument. They were made from a dried pumpkin, to which a stick was tied, and instead of two strings, horsehair was stretched. On a stick that served as a neck, nutlets were made from animal veins. Later, the balalaika was “a long two-stringed instrument, had a body about one and a half spans in length (about 27 cm) and one span in width (about 18 cm) and a neck (neck) at least four times longer” (M. Gutry, "Dissertation on Russian antiquities").
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Painting by P. E. Zabolotsky "Boy with a balalaika" (1835). The body shape of the balalaika was originally rounded
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By the end of the 18th century, the balalaika was firmly gaining wide public recognition and became one of the most popular instruments of the Russian people. Apparently, the compilers of the musical dictionary "Pocket Book for 1795" had sufficient reason to assert that "this instrument is in great use in Russia ... among the common people." The popularity of the balalaika in the second half of the 18th century is also indicated by the fact that among its lovers there were many representatives of the "upper class". All this contributed to the emergence of true masters of balalaika performance from among Russian musicians. Ivan Evstafievich Khandoshkin (1747-1804) should first of all be attributed to the number of such masters. In his person, the balalaika found a perfect performer, an unsurpassed virtuoso. A new life was given to the balalaika by a Russian musician, organizer and leader of the first orchestra of folk instruments in the history of Russia (1888), composer, virtuoso balalaika player Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev.
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The famous balalaika musician V.V. Andreev V.V. Andreev decided to give a new life to the common folk instrument: to bring it to concert halls. He decided first to improve the balalaika. According to his instructions, the masters made changes in its design, and in addition, they created not one instrument, but a whole family: large and small balalaikas, which, depending on the size, were called piccolo, prima, second, viola, bass and double bass. On the balalaika of this design Andreev played, gave solo concerts. In 1887, he organized in St. Petersburg the "Circle of Balalaika Lovers", and 9 years later this circle was transformed into the Great Russian Orchestra.
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Where does such a name - balalaika come from? The root of the words "balalaika", or, as it was also called, "balabayka", has long attracted the attention of researchers by its kinship with such Russian words as balakat, balabonit, balabolit, joker, which means talking about something insignificant, chatting, making out, empty calls , scribble... All these concepts, complementing each other, convey the essence of the balalaika - a light, funny, "strumming" instrument, not very serious.
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Balalaika - Russian folk stringed plucked musical instrument Balalaika has a triangular body, three strings. A characteristic method of sound extraction on the balalaika is rattling - hitting all the strings with your finger at the same time. The balalaika is one of the instruments that, along with the accordion, has become a symbol of the Russian people. The most famous Russian instrument. Not only folk songs, but also works of Russian and Western classics sound great on it. Many composers create their works for her. More than a hundred suites, sonatas, concertos and other works have been created for the balalaika. Balalaika is taught in music schools, colleges and conservatories.
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Complete the crossword by guessing riddles about folk musical instruments (horizontally from top to bottom) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Municipal state educational institution secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects of the village of Demyanovo, Podosinovsky district, Kirov region
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The balalaika is a Russian folk three-stringed plucked musical instrument with a triangular slightly curved (also oval in the 18th and 19th centuries) wooden body. The sound is loud but soft. The most common techniques for extracting sound: rattling, pizzicato, vibrato, tremolo, fractions, guitar tricks.
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Let's look into dictionaries and books... "... When and by whom the balalaika was invented is unknown..." (Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 1891) "The balalaika is a musical instrument with frets, but mostly about two strings." (Dictionary of the Russian Academy in alphabetical order of arrangements, part I. - St. Petersburg, 1806) "This instrument is in great use in Russia ... among the common people." (Pocket book for music lovers for 1795.)
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When and where did the balalaika come to us? Historians and musicologists are still arguing about the origin of the balalaika. There are a number of assumptions: the ancestor of the Russian balalaika is the Kazakh dombra or Russian domra; balalaika is a native Russian instrument; balalaika is an instrument of Tatar origin.
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Scientists believe that the balalaika owes its appearance to the rule of the Golden Horde and is a modified Kazakh dombra (two-stringed plucked musical instrument). Zabolotsky P.E. A boy with a balalaika 1 assumption: dombra and domra are the ancestors of the balalaika. Dombra
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Domra and dombra Domra is a Ukrainian folk three-stringed or four-stringed musical instrument. Dombra Domra It is very likely that domra, which still exists among the Kalmyks (under the name domra), and among the Tatars and Kirghiz (under the name domra, dombra, dunbura, dumbra), was brought to Russia during the Mongol yoke.
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During its infancy, the balalaika had the shape of a domra, i.e. oval body and long neck. Russian origin can only be attributed to the triangular shape of the balalaika body, which replaced the round shape of the domra. The people gave a different outline to the body of the instrument, not for acoustic purposes, but for less difficulty in "home-made construction." Folk performer with a balalaika with a round body. Early 19th century
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2 assumption: the balalaika is a primordially Russian instrument Scientists believe that the balalaika was invented at the end of the 17th century by craftsmen. The invention of the first balalaika is attributed to serfs who allegedly wanted to somehow brighten up their disenfranchised, joyless existence in submission to the landowner. Scenes from Russian folk life in the early 19th century
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The name "balalaika", sometimes found in the form "balabayka", is a folk one, probably given to the instrument in imitation of the strumming, "balakan" of the strings during the game. The root of the word "balalaika" has long attracted the attention of researchers by its kinship with such Russian words as "balakat", "joke", "balabonit", which means in the folk dialect to chat, empty calls. Folk balalaika of the late 19th century Lithograph 1820
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Some scientists attribute the Tatar origin to the word "balalaika". They believe that the words "talk", "joke", "talk", obviously, originated from the Tatar words bala - child, balalar - children. All these concepts, complementing each other, convey the essence of the balalaika - an instrument of light, funny, "strumming", not very serious. 3 assumption: the balalaika is an instrument of Tatar origin.
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The first mention of the balalaika For the first time the word "balalaika" is found in written monuments from the reign of Peter I. The first written mention of the balalaika is contained in a document dated June 13, 1688 - "Memory from the Streltsy order to the Little Russian order", which, among other things, reports that in Moscow, in the Streltsy Prikaz, “the townsman Savka Fedorov and the peasant Ivashko Dmitriev were brought, and a balalaika was brought with them so that they rode a chariot horse in a cart, sang songs and played a balalaika in toe ... ". The next written source in which the balalaika is mentioned is the “Register” signed by Peter I, referring to 1715: in St. Petersburg, during the celebration of a comic wedding arranged by order of the tsar, in addition to other instruments carried by the mummers, four balalaikas were named.
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"This instrument is in great use in Russia... among the common people." By the end of the 18th century, the balalaika was firmly gaining wide public recognition and became one of the most popular instruments of the Russian people. The balalaika plays, I hear - my dear is coming, And my heart stops - she sings songs about me.
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By the middle of the 19th century, the balalaika had become very popular in many places in Russia. Balalaika became the main guest of folk holidays and festivities, fervent buffoon songs and folk ditties were performed under her. The peasants accompanied it to folk dance songs. And buffoons, playing the balalaika, amused the people at fairs and in taverns. Sokolov P.P. At the gate.
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Popular favorite The popularity of the balalaika in the second half of the 18th century is also indicated by the fact that among its lovers there were many representatives of the "upper class". The balalaika was played not only by village boys, but also by serious court musicians. Khandoshkin Ivan Evstafievich (1747-1804) - Russian violinist, composer, conductor, teacher, collector of folk songs. From the beginning of the 60s. chamber musician at the court in St. Petersburg. The founder of the Russian violin school, the greatest virtuoso of the second half of the 18th century. Khandoshkin was famous as an improviser and performer of Russian folk songs. In his face, not only the violin, but also the balalaika found a perfect performer, an unsurpassed virtuoso.
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"Voicious rivals" At the beginning of the 19th century, the popularity of the balalaika was dealt a blow. In Russia, the seven-string guitar and harmonica spread, which gradually replaced it. Tula accordion V.I. Surikov. with guitar
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The second birth of the balalaika Russian nobleman Vasily Andreev, a connoisseur of folk instruments, traveling in 1883, heard a balalaika from his courtyard, the sound of which amazed him. Andreev not only learned to play it, but also became a balalaika virtuoso. Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev 1861-1918
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Andreev learned to play the balalaika from a rural virtuoso serf Antip Vasiliev in 1883. Here is what V.V. Andreev said, recalling this. “It was a quiet June evening. I sat on the terrace and enjoyed the silence of the village evening. Suddenly, quite unexpectedly, I heard sounds hitherto unknown to me. I took off and ran to the wing, where the sounds were coming from. In front of me, on the steps of the porch, a peasant was sitting and playing ... a balalaika! ... I had already seen this instrument in the small shops at the windows, but I had never heard it played. I was amazed at the rhythm and originality of the playing technique and could not comprehend how such a poor-looking, imperfect instrument with only three strings could produce so many sounds. Antip Vasiliev
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Studying the balalaika A young enthusiastic musician learns the laws of acoustics, studies Russian and foreign studies on the history of the manufacture of musical instruments, collects and studies samples of handicraft balalaikas from various provinces of Russia. He is amazed by the variety of forms of folk balalaikas. Andreev was especially interested in the balalaikas of the Vyatka province. There, in the wilderness of the Vyatka forests, there are still traditions dating back almost to the end of the 18th century. Vyatka balalaikas with their round, or rather, hemispherical body, very much resembled Andreev's mandolins. However, they played them with the usual folk balalaika technique - rattling.
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Improved tool Andreev decided to improve this tool and return it to the people. He succeeded. In the 1880s, Andreev, together with craftsmen Franz Stanislavovich Paserbsky (tool maker) and Semyon Ivanovich Nalimov (carpenter), improved the balalaika: They changed the shape One round resonator hole replaced several, arranged in a star-shaped manner. Improved resonance properties. The strings of the balalaika were replaced with violin and guitar strings. Added a third string. Balalaika again spread in Russia and won love.
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A circle of fans of playing the balalaika 1886, when Andreev's first public performance took place, can be safely called the year of the second birth of the balalaika, and the period of Andreev's active creative activity was the beginning of the heyday of national instrumental music. The sound of one balalaika no longer satisfies Andreev. He, seeking to revive the folklore traditions of collective performance on folk instruments, creates the "Circle of Balalaika Fans", the first performance of which took place on March 20, 1888. It was for this ensemble that in 1887 F.S. Paserbsky made varieties of balalaika: piccolo, viola, bass, double bass, and in 1888 - treble and tenor.
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Balalaika. The presentation was made by a student of the 6th "A" class Telegina Daria GOU secondary school No. 627 Project leader: Belonogova G.M.slide 2
What it is? Balalaika is a Russian folk three-stringed plucked musical instrument, from 600-700 mm (prima balalaika) to 1.7 meters (subcontrabass balalaika) in length, with a triangular slightly curved (also oval in the 18th-19th centuries) wooden case. The balalaika is one of the instruments that have become (along with the accordion and, to a lesser extent, the pity) the musical symbol of the Russian people.
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History of musical instrument. There is no single point of view on the time of the appearance of the balalaika. Conventionally, it is believed that the balalaika has been spreading since the beginning of the 18th century; in the 1880s, it was improved by V. V. Andreev together with the masters Paserbsky and Nalimov. A family of modernized balalaikas has been created - prima, second, viola, bass, double bass. The balalaika is used as a solo concert, ensemble and orchestral instrument.
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Etymology The very name of the instrument is already curious, it is typically folk, conveying the character of playing on it with the sound of syllable combinations. The root of the words "balalaika", or, as it was also called, "balabayka", has long attracted the attention of researchers by its kinship with such Russian words as balakat, balabonit, balabolit, joker, which means to chat, empty calls (go back to the common Slavic *bolbol of the same meaning ). All these concepts, complementing each other, convey the essence of the balalaika - an instrument of light, funny, "strumming", not very serious. For the first time, the word "balalaika" is found in written monuments dating back to the reign of Peter I. The first written mention of the balalaika is contained in a document dated June 13, 1688 - "Memory from the Streltsy order to the Little Russian order" (RGADA), which, among other things, reports that in Moscow, in the Streltsy Prikaz, “the townsman Savka Fedorov and the peasant Ivashko Dmitriev were brought, and with them a balalaika was brought so that they rode a chariot horse in a cart to the Yausky Gate, sang songs and played the balalaika in toe and sentry archers who were on guard at the Yausky Gates, scolded.
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System Before the balalaika was turned into a concert instrument at the end of the 19th century by Vasily Andreev, it did not have a permanent, ubiquitous system. Each performer tuned the instrument according to his own style of performance, the general mood of the pieces played, and local traditions. The system introduced by Andreev (two strings in unison - the note "mi", one - a quart higher - the note "la") was widely used by concert balalaika players and began to be called "academic". There is also a "folk" system - the first string is "la", the second - "mi", the third - "do". With this system, triads are easier to take, its disadvantage is the difficulty of playing on open strings
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The fact that the balalaika in the form in which it is now familiar to everyone is a Russian folk instrument is not entirely true. And the version that in the 17th century the balalaika was brought to Russia from the east is completely implausible: the Asian peoples never had similar instruments. The history, however, is confusing. In the annals until the 17th century there is no word "balalaika", there is - "domra". Buffoons played on domra. In 1648 and 1657, by decrees on the prohibition of buffoonery, their "demonic, buzzing vessels" were ordered to be collected and burned throughout Moscow. And when rewriting the annals, even the word "domra" was blacked out and replaced with a "balalaika" from nowhere.
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Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. The balalaika is a three-stringed plucked musical instrument with a triangular soundboard.
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Why is she called that? The name "balalaika", sometimes found in the form "balabaika", is a folk name, probably given to the instrument in imitation of the strumming, "balakan" of the strings during the game. "Balagat", "joke" in the folk dialect means to chat, empty calls. Some attribute the Tatar origin to the word "balalaika". The Tatars have the word "bala" meaning "child". It may have served as the source of the origin of the words "talk", "talk", etc. containing the concept of unreasonable, as if childish chatter.
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Synonyms. Chatty, garrulous, garrulous, verbose, restless, talkative, garrulous, garrulous, expansive; talker, joker, talker, dialectician, rhetorician, mill, idle talker, idle talker, magpie, Aquarius, rattle, phrase-monger; Emelya. Yes, this is a stringless balalaika.
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Songs. Balalaika blues. A. Ozol. Sounds scattered, flying off the walls, Sending invitations to the concert to everyone. There was both a peasant and a musician. A huge Russian talent sat on the stove And sang his song: And I'll put my luck in my pocket. Oh, you are my pain, you fell into the fog. Yes, I'm still not afraid of you. You play, Hut-Vanka-Stove-Balalaika-Blues, Balalaika-blues. The musicians said: "The guy will be good." A gray wolf ran to listen to him from the forest, And a hare ran, not being afraid of wolves, To listen to non-folk melodies and words. And Vanya sang his song: “Oh, spring has come, but my heart hurts. The doctor tells me - from sitting on the stove, Oh, the disease is thirty letters long, but I'm not afraid of it. You play, Hut-Vanka-Stove-Balalaika-Blues, e, Balalaika-blues. They came to listen to Miracle and Yudo ...
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You're playing with me again, This song can not be written Between us and only she, It excites me so much. I'll name the notes that sound in me. I can give everything I have to you. This is bala - bala - bala - balalaika Somewhere - bala - bala - bala - balalaika Breaks the heart again And no words are needed Only bala - bala - bala - balalaika And like a maple I tremble in the wind, You captured my soul. Hearts feeling every beat, I'm with you forever...
BALALAIKA
Balalaika is a Russian three-stringed plucked musical instrument, from 600-700 mm (prima balalaika) to 1.7 meters (double bass balalaika) in length, with a triangular slightly curved (also oval in the 18th-19th centuries) wooden case. The balalaika is one of the instruments that, along with the accordion, has become a symbol of the Russian people.
P. E. Zabolotsky. Boy with Balalaika (1835).
The body shape of the balalaika was originally rounded.
One of the first mentions of the balalaika dates back to October 1700 in connection with a fight that took place in the Verkhoturye district. According to the coachmen Pronka and Alexei Bayanov, the courtyard man of the steward of the governor K.P. Kozlova I. Pashkov chased them and "beat them with a balalaika."
- a small peddler who sold haberdashery, fabrics, books, etc.
- petty street vendor
- box maker
(1861 - 1918) - Russian musician, composer, balalaika virtuoso.
Organizer and leader of the first orchestra of Russian folk instruments (1888, since 1896 - Great Russian Orchestra).
Once, while traveling around his estate, a young nobleman Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev heard a balalaika from his yard Antipas. Andreev was struck by the peculiarity of the sound of this instrument, and yet he considered himself an expert on Russian folk instruments. And Vasily Vasilyevich decided to make the most popular instrument out of the balalaika. To begin with, he slowly learned to play himself, then he noticed that the instrument was fraught with enormous possibilities, and decided to improve the balalaika. Andreev went to St. Petersburg to the violin maker Ivanov, for advice and asked him to think about how to improve the sound of the instrument. Ivanov, however, opposed and said that he would not make a balalaika, categorically. Andreev thought about it, then took out an old balalaika, which he bought at the fair for thirty kopecks, and masterfully performed one of the folk songs, of which there are a huge number in Russia. Ivanov could not resist such an onslaught and agreed. The work was long and hard, but still a new balalaika was made. But Vasily Andreev conceived something more than the creation of an improved balalaika. Taking it from the people, he wanted to return it to the people and distribute it. Now all the soldiers serving were given a balalaika, and, leaving the army, the military took the instrument with them.
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Balalaika Compiled by: music director of MBDOU kindergarten No. 20, Pavlovo Egorova E.B., 1 qualification category
The history of the origin of the balalaika is rooted in the depths of centuries. There are a large number of documents and information about the origin of the instrument. Many believe that the balalaika was invented in Rus', others think that it came from the folk instrument of the Kirghiz-Kaisaks - dombra. There is another version: perhaps the balalaika was invented during the Tatar rule, or at least borrowed from the Tatars. The Tatar word "balalar" translated into Russian means "children". For the first time, the name "balalaika" is found in written monuments from the time of Peter the Great. In 1715, during the celebration of a comic wedding arranged by order of the king, balalaikas were mentioned among the instruments that appeared in the hands of the dressed participants in the ceremony. Moreover, these instruments were given into the hands of a group of Kalmyks dressed up.
Probably, serfs invented the balalaika to brighten up their existence in submission to a cruel landowner. Gradually, the balalaika spread among peasants and buffoons traveling all over our vast country. Buffoons performed at fairs, entertained people, earned their living and did not even suspect what wonderful instrument they were playing. The fun did not last long, the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree in which he ordered all the instruments (domras, balalaikas, horns, psaltery, etc.) to be collected and burned, and those people who would not obey and give balalaikas to flog and send to the link. But time passed, the king died and the balalaika again sounded throughout the country, but again not for long. The time of popularity was again replaced by almost complete oblivion until the middle of the 19th century.
So the balalaika was lost, but not quite. Some peasants still played music on the three-string. And, one day, traveling around his estate, a young nobleman Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev heard a balalaika from his yard Antipas. Andreev was struck by the peculiarity of the sound of this instrument, and yet he considered himself an expert on Russian folk instruments. And Vasily Vasilyevich decided to make the most popular instrument out of the balalaika. To begin with, he slowly learned to play himself and noticed that the instrument was fraught with enormous possibilities.
Taking the balalaika from the people, Vasily Vasilyevich wanted to return it to the people and distribute it. Now all the soldiers serving were given a balalaika, and, leaving the army, the military took the instrument with them. Thus, the balalaika again spread throughout Russia and became one of the most popular instruments.
There were ups and downs in the history of the balalaika, but it continues to live and it is not for nothing that all foreigners are the personification of Russian culture.
The presentation of "Balalaika" was made by Egorova Elena Borisovna. Muses. hands MBDOU d / s No. 20 "Thumbelina" Pavlovo /
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