Oblomov and Stolz's attitude to Petersburg life. Oblomov and Stolz: comparative characteristics

Annex 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

I. A. Goncharov worked on the novel Oblomov for ten years. In this (best!) work, the author expressed his convictions and hopes; he displayed those problems of contemporary life that worried and deeply hurt him, revealed the causes of these problems. Therefore, the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolz acquired typical features, and the very word "Oblomovism" began to express a quite definite, almost philosophical concept. One cannot exclude the image of Olga Sergeevna Ilyinskaya, without which the characters of men would not have been fully illuminated.

To understand the character of a person, the motives of his actions, you need to turn to the origins of personality formation: childhood, upbringing, environment, and finally, to the education received.

In Ilyusha, it seems, the strength of all the generations of his ancestors was concentrated; he felt the makings of a man of the new time, capable of fruitful activity. But Ilya's aspirations to explore the world on his own were stopped by the nanny who kept her eyes on him, from whose supervision he escaped only during the afternoon nap, when all living things in the house, except for Ilya, fell asleep. “It was some kind of all-consuming, invincible dream, a true likeness of death.”

An attentive child observes everything that is done in the house, “saturates the soft mind with living examples and unconsciously draws a program of his life for the life around him”, the “main concern of life” of which is good food, and then - sound sleep.

The quiet course of life was disturbed only sometimes by "diseases, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor." Labor was the main enemy of the inhabitants of Oblomovka, a punishment imposed "on our forefathers." In Oblomovka, they always got rid of work at the opportunity, “finding it possible and proper.” Such an attitude to work was brought up in Ilya Ilyich, who adopted a ready-made standard of life, passed down from generation to generation without changes. The ideal of inaction was reinforced in the child's imagination by nurse's tales about "Emel the Fool" receiving various gifts from a magic pike, and undeserved ones at that. Fairy tales penetrate deeply into the consciousness of Ilya, and he, being already an adult, "unconsciously sad sometimes, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale."

The desire for independence, young energy was stopped by the friendly cries of the parents: “What about the servants?” Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering."

In such conditions, an apathetic, lazy, difficult to rise nature of Ilya Ilyich developed. He was surrounded by the excessive cares of his mother, who made sure that the child ate well, did not overwork on learning from Stolz, and was ready, under any, even the most insignificant pretext, not to let Ilyushenka go to the German. She believed that education was not such an important thing, for which you need to lose weight, lose your blush and skip the holidays. But still, Oblomov's parents understood the need for education, but they saw in it only a means for career advancement: they began to receive ranks, awards at that time "nothing but through learning." Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the benefits "somehow cheaper, with various tricks."

The cares of the mother had a detrimental effect on Ilya: he did not get used to systematic studies, he never wanted to learn more than the teacher asked.

A peer and friend of Oblomov, Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, loved Ilya, tried to stir him up, instill an interest in self-education, set him up for activities that he himself was passionate about, to which he was disposed, because he was brought up in completely different conditions.

Andrei's father, a German, gave him the upbringing that he received from his father, that is, he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent his son who had graduated from the university away from him, as his father had done with him in his time. But the rough burgher upbringing of the father constantly came into contact with the tender, affectionate love of the mother, a Russian noblewoman, who did not contradict her husband, but quietly raised her son in her own way: “... taught him to listen to the thoughtful sounds of Hertz, sang to him about flowers, about the poetry of life , whispered about the brilliant vocation of either a warrior or a writer ... "The neighborhood of Oblomovka with its" primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and immobility "and princely" with a wide expanse of aristocratic life "also prevented Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz from being the son of the same burgher, what he was. The breath of Russian life "takes Andrey away from the straight line drawn by his father." But still, Andrei adopted from his father a serious outlook on life (even on all its little things) and pragmatism, which he tried to balance "with the subtle needs of the spirit."

Stoltz kept all emotions, deeds and actions under the “never dormant control” of the mind and spent strictly “according to the budget”. He considered himself the cause of all his misfortunes and sufferings, he “did not hang guilt and responsibility, like a caftan, on someone else’s nail”, in contrast to Oblomov, who did not find the strength to plead guilty to his troubles, to the worthlessness of his barren life: “. .. burning reproaches of conscience stinged him, and he tried with all his might ... to find the guilty one outside of himself and turn their sting on him, but on whom?

The search turned out to be useless, because the reason for the ruined life of Oblomov is himself. It was very painful for him to realize this, since he "painfully felt that some good, bright beginning was buried in him, as in a grave, perhaps now already dead ...". Oblomov was tormented by doubts about the correctness and necessity of his life. However, over the years, excitement and repentance appeared less frequently, and he quietly and gradually fit into the simple and wide coffin of the rest of his existence, made with his own hands ... ".

The attitude of Stolz and Oblomov to the imagination, which has two opposite incarnations, is different: "... a friend - the less you believe him, and an enemy - when you fall asleep trustingly under his sweet whisper." The latter happened to Oblomov. Imagination was a favorite companion of his life, only in his dreams did he embody the rich, deeply buried abilities of his "golden" soul.

Stolz did not give free rein to the imagination and was afraid of any dream, she "had no place in his soul"; he rejected everything that "was not subjected to the analysis of experience, practical truth", or accepted it behind"a fact which the turn of experience has not yet reached." Andrei Ivanovich persistently "walked towards his goal", he put such persistence above all else: "... it was a sign of character in his eyes." He only then retreated "from the task when a wall arose in his way or an impenetrable abyss opened up." He soberly assessed his strength and departed, not paying attention to the opinions of others.

Oblomov was afraid of any difficulties, he was too lazy to make even the slightest effort to solve not great, but the most pressing problems. He found consolation in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate). Like a pure, naive child, Ilya Ilyich did not even allow the thought of the possibility of deception; elementary prudence, not to mention practicality, was completely absent in Oblomov's nature.

Ilya Ilyich's attitude to work has already been mentioned. He, like his parents, in every possible way avoided labor, which in his view was synonymous with boredom, and all the efforts of Stolz, for whom “labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life”, to move Ilya Ilyich to any activity were in vain, the matter did not go beyond words. Figuratively speaking, the cart stood on square wheels. She needed constant pushes of a fair amount of force to move. Stolz quickly got tired (“you are messing around like a drunkard”), this activity was also disappointing for Olga Ilyinskaya, through love for which many aspects of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz are revealed.

Introducing Ilya Ilyich to Olga, Stoltz wanted to “bring into Oblomov’s sleepy life the presence of a young, pretty, intelligent, lively and partly mocking woman,” who could awaken Ilya to life, illuminate his dim existence. But Stolz "did not foresee that he was bringing in fireworks, Olga and Oblomov - and even more so."

Love for Olga changed Ilya Ilyich. At Olga's request, he gave up many of his habits: he did not lie on the couch, did not overeat, he traveled from the dacha to the city to fulfill her instructions. But he could not finally enter a new life. “To go forward means to suddenly throw off a wide robe not only from the shoulders, but from the soul, from the mind; together with dust and cobwebs from the walls, sweep the cobwebs from your eyes and see clearly! And Oblomov was afraid of storms and changes, he absorbed the fear of the new with his mother's milk, in comparison with. which, however, went ahead (Ilya Ilyich already rejected “the only use of capital is to keep them in the chest”, realizing that “it is the duty of every citizen to maintain the general welfare by honest work”), but achieved little, given his abilities.

He was tired of Olga's restless, active nature, and therefore Oblomov dreamed that she would calm down and quietly, sleepily vegetate with him, "crawling from one day to another." Realizing that Olga would never agree to this, Ilya decides to part with her. The break with Olga meant for Oblomov a return to old habits, a final spiritual fall. In life with Wheat, Ilya Ilyich found a pale reflection of his dreams and "decided that the ideal of his life had come true, although without poetry ...".

Having put a lot of effort into awakening in Oblomov a craving for activity, Olga soon becomes convinced, in the words of Dobrolyubov, "in his decisive rubbishness", that is, in his inability to spiritual transformation, and leaves him.

After going through love and disappointment, Olga began to take her feelings more seriously, she grew so morally that Stoltz did not recognize her when they met a year later, and suffered for a long time, trying to unravel the cause of the dramatic changes in Olga.

It does not lose its relevance even today, being a brilliant socio-psychological work in Russian literature of the 19th century. In the book, the author touches on a number of eternal topics and questions, while not giving unambiguous answers, suggesting the reader to independently find solutions to the described collisions. One of the leading eternal themes in the novel is the theme of the family, revealed on the example of the biography of the main characters of the work - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. According to the plot of the novel, Oblomov's attitude to the family and parents, on the one hand, seems to be, and on the other hand, radically different from Stolz's attitude to the family. Andrei Ivanovich and Ilya Ilyich, although they come from the same social system, adopted different family values ​​and received completely different upbringing, which later left an imprint on their fate and development in life.

Oblomov family

The reader encounters the description of the Oblomov family in the novel "Oblomov" in the final chapter of the first part of the work - "Oblomov's Dream".
Ilya Ilyich dreams of the beautiful landscapes of his native Oblomovka, his calm childhood, his parents and servants. The Oblomov family lived according to its own rules and regulations, and their main values ​​were the cult of food and relaxation. Every day they decided with the whole family what dishes to cook, and after dinner the whole village plunged into sleepy, lazy idleness. In Oblomovka, it was not customary to talk about something lofty, to argue, to discuss serious issues - conversations between family members were meaningless throwing words that did not require additional energy and emotions.

It was in such a calming and, in its own way, depressing atmosphere that Ilya Ilyich grew up. The hero was a very curious, interested and active child, but the excessive care of his parents, the attitude towards him as a greenhouse plant led to the fact that he was gradually swallowed up by the swamp of "Oblomovism". Moreover, education, science, literacy and all-round development in the Oblomov family were considered rather a whim, an excess, a fashionable trend, without which one can perfectly do without. That is why, even sending their son to study, the parents of Ilya Ilyich themselves found many reasons so that he could skip classes, staying at home and indulging in idle pastime.

Despite the excessive guardianship from Oblomov's entourage, Oblomov's attitude towards his family and parents was the most favorable, he actually loved them with the calm love that was customary to love in Oblomovka. And even dreaming about how he would improve his family happiness, Ilya Ilyich imagined his future relationship with his wife exactly as they were between his father and mother - full of care and tranquility, representing the acceptance of the second half as she is. Perhaps that is why the love of Oblomov and Olga was doomed to parting - Ilyinskaya only at first glance looked like the ideal of his dreams, in fact, she was not ready to devote her life to ordinary everyday joys, which for Ilya Ilyich represented the basis of family happiness.

Stoltz family

Andrei Stolz in the novel is Oblomov's best friend, whom they met in their school years. Andrei Ivanovich grew up in the family of a Russian noblewoman and a German burgher, which could not leave an imprint on an active and purposeful boy who was already receptive to the world around him. His mother taught Andrei the arts, brought him up with a great taste for music, painting and literature, dreamed of how her son would become a prominent socialite. The parents of Oblomov and Stolz knew each other, so Andrei was often sent to visit the Oblomovs, where that landowner calmness and warmth always reigned, which were acceptable and understandable to his mother. The father raised from Stolz the same practical and businesslike personality that he himself was. He, undoubtedly, was the most important authority for Andrei, as evidenced by the moments when the young man could leave home for several days, but at the same time complete all the tasks assigned by his father.

It would seem that sensual maternal and rational paternal education should have contributed to the formation of Stolz as a comprehensively developed, harmonious and happy personality. However, this did not happen due to the early death of his mother. Andrei, despite his strong-willed character, loved his mother very much, so her death became a real tragedy for the hero, the addition of which was the episode of forgiveness with his father, when he, sending him to St. Petersburg to live independently, could not even find words of encouragement for his own son . Perhaps that is why the attitude towards their own family Oblomov and Stolz differed - Andrei Ivanovich rarely remembered his parents, unconsciously seeing the ideal of family life in "Oblomov", spiritual relationships.

How did their upbringing affect their future lives?

Despite the different upbringing, the attitude towards the parents of Oblomov and Stolz is more similar than different: both heroes respect and love their parents, strive to be like them and appreciate what they gave them. However, if for Andrey Ivanovich education became a springboard for achieving career heights, becoming in society and helped to develop the will and practicality, the ability to achieve any goals, then Oblomov, who was already dreamy by nature, made "greenhouse" education even more introverted and apathetic. The very first failure of Ilya Ilyich in the service leads to his complete disappointment in his career, and he quickly replaces the need to work for continuous lying on the couch and pseudo-experience of real life in dreams and unrealizable illusions about the possible future of Oblomovka. It is noteworthy that both heroes see the ideal of a future wife in a woman who looks like a mother: for Ilya Ilyich, she becomes an economic, meek, quiet, in everything agreement with her husband Agafya, while Stolz, having first seen in Olga an image similar to his mother, later years of life understands that this is not entirely true, because he needs to constantly develop in order to remain an authority for his demanding, selfish wife.

The theme of the family in Oblomov is one of the most important, so it is through understanding the features of the upbringing and formation of heroes that the reader begins to understand their life goals and motives. Perhaps if Ilya Ilyich grew up in a family of progressive bourgeois or Stolz's mother had not died so early, their fates would have turned out differently, but the author, accurately depicting the social realities of that time, brings the reader to eternal questions and topics.

Having depicted in the novel two different types of personality, two opposite paths, Goncharov provided readers with an extensive field for reflection on family and upbringing issues that are relevant in our time.

The attitude of Stolz and Oblomov to the family and parents - an essay based on the novel by Goncharov |

I.A. Goncharov in his novel touches on a very topical issue of the opposition of labor and laziness, which for centuries has remained the most discussed and debatable. In our time, this topic is very problematic, since in our modern society there is a progress in technology and people stop working, laziness develops into the meaning of life.

The heroes of the novel, Oblomov and Stolz, have been friends since early childhood. Their acquaintance takes place while studying at the house of Stolz's father, who taught the basics of the most important sciences.

Ilya Oblomov comes from a noble family, from early childhood little Ilya is groomed and cherished. Parents and nannies forbid him to show any independent activity. Ilyusha, seeing such an attitude towards himself, immediately realized that he could do nothing, since other people would do it all for him. His training took place in the house of Stolz, he did not particularly want to study, and his parents indulged him in this. So passed the whole youth of Oblomov. Adult life was no different from childhood and youth, Oblomov continues to lead a calm and lazy lifestyle. His passivity and idleness are reflected in everyday life. He woke up for dinner, slowly climbed out of bed, lazily took food and was not interested in any business. Laziness, laid down since childhood, did not give Oblomov the slightest chance of striving for science, for knowledge of the world around him. Despite all this, his imagination was very well developed, because due to idleness, Oblomov's imaginary world was very rich. Oblomov was also a very gullible person, and the main person whom Ilya trusted was Andrei Stoltz. Shtolts is the complete antipode of Oblomov. From early childhood Andrei was accustomed to order, to work. His parents brought him up strictly but fairly. His father, who was German by nationality, instilled in Andrei accuracy, diligence and punctuality. From a young age, Andrei carried out various assignments from his father, tempering his character. He studied with Ilya, with his father, unlike Oblomov, Andrei was good at science, and he studied them with curiosity. Stolz's transition from childhood to adulthood happened very early, so Andrei was a very active person. He strove for constant replenishment of knowledge, because “learning is light, and ignorance is darkness. He had a sober and practical view of the events that were taking place, he never did anything hastily without thinking about the given issue that he needed to solve. Pledged from childhood, prudence and punctuality found a place for themselves in Stolz's adult life. Mobility and vigor contributed to him in any undertakings. Considering the life positions of Oblomov and Stolz in relation to Olga Ilyinskaya, the following conclusions can be drawn: Oblomov, living in his own world - “Oblomovshchina”, was a romantic who decided for a long time to take concrete steps in real life. Their acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya is due to Stolz. Their relationship was not strong from the very beginning. Olga, knowing a lot about Oblomov from Stolz's stories, tries to bring Oblomov back to life by means of her love, but she fails to do this and Oblomovshchina wins. The relationship between Olga and Andrey develops by itself throughout life, "she laughs at his jokes, and he listens to her singing with pleasure." They had a lot in common, but the most important thing was that they strove for life, and this contributed to their rapprochement and the formation of a family.

Be that as it may, the fates of both heroes are relatively successful. Stolz finds his happiness with Olga, and Oblomov finds his Oblomovka in a house on the Vyborg side and lives out his life there with the woman he has always dreamed of. Such a denouement shows that the author's position in relation to both of his characters is positive.

After reading the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", I am inclined to think that the events described in this work can be applied to our time, since in modern society there are many people like Stolz and Oblomov. And their opposition will be eternal.

Introduction

Goncharov's work "Oblomov" is a socio-psychological novel built on the literary method of antithesis. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, and their basic values ​​and life path. Comparison of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" allows us to better understand the ideological intent of the work, to understand the reasons for the tragedy of the fates of both heroes.

Features of the lifestyle of heroes

The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid of life's difficulties, does not want to do or decide anything. Any difficulty and the need to act cause sadness in the hero and plunge him even more into an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after the first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career field and took refuge from the outside world on his favorite sofa, trying not only not to leave the house, but not even get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. The way of life of Ilya Ilyich is similar to a slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The personality of the hero is gradually degrading, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.

Stolz, on the contrary, is spurred on by difficulties, any mistake for him is just an excuse to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and social evenings are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally, there are no surprises, illusions and strong shocks in his life, because he calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.

The lifestyle of heroes and their childhood

The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the earliest years of the heroes. Their childhood, youthful and mature years proceed differently, they are instilled with different values ​​and life orientations, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.

Oblomov grew like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the outside world. Parents spoiled little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, were ready to do everything to make their son happy and satisfied. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero's native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy and poorly educated villagers considered work to be something like a punishment. Therefore, they tried in every possible way to avoid it, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not but affect Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar can always do everything for you - as lazy and slow as his master. Even when Ilya Ilyich finds himself in a new, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the outside world and creates in his imagination a certain idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to “live”.

Stolz's childhood goes differently, which is primarily due to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise a worthy bourgeois from his son, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. The refined mother of Andrei Ivanovich, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, so from an early age she instilled in him a love of books and arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrey, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, therefore, after graduating from the university, he easily took his place in society, becoming an indispensable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activity was an impulse for further personal, social and career development.

Similarities and differences in the lifestyle of heroes

If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating respectively as a passive, leading to degradation lifestyle and an active one, aimed at comprehensive development, then their similarities are visible only after a detailed analysis of the characters. Both heroes are "superfluous" people for their era, they both do not live in the present, and therefore are in constant search of themselves and their true happiness. The introverted, slow Oblomov clings with all his might to his past, to the "heavenly", idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.

Stoltz, on the other hand, strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how you can transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it more vivid and real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for him to be an ideal husband for Olga (however, Oblomov's "extra" nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to developing relations with Olga).

Such isolation from others and inner loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz with thoughts of work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying their friend’s lifestyle, considering it either too active and saturated (Oblomov was upset even by the fact that he had to walk for a long time in boots, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was the “Oblomovism” that ruined Ilya Ilyich).

Conclusion

On the example of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social stratum, but who received a different upbringing, can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live hiding from the whole world in an illusion or giving himself excessively to others, up to mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.

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