English literature. Books of England

TOPICS OF REPORTS

UK literature

I. The Middle Ages in England

"Beowulf" as a monument to the medieval heroic epic. The plot of Beowulf. Pagan and Christian motifs in the poem. Time in Beowulf. Main themes. Alliterative verse in Beowulf. Kennings.

Late Middle Ages in England. J. Chaucer and his Canterbury Tales. compositional construction. The Canterbury Tales as an Encyclopedia of the Morals of English Medieval Society. Pilgrimage motif. Genre identity of the Canterbury Tales. The Chaucerian Tradition in English Literature.

The novel "The Death of Arthur" T. Mallory. Historical prototype and historical chronicles. The depiction of chivalry in the novel. The theme of the round table. The Holy Grail. The conflict between Lancelot and Gawain as a struggle between two worldviews. Mythological motifs in the novel "The Death of Arthur".

II. Renaissance in England

Features of the Renaissance in England. The difference between Renaissance humanism and bourgeois humanism of the 18th century. J. Colet and the Oxford Circle of Humanists.

K. Marlo and his tragedy "The Story of Doctor Faust" (or the tragedy "Tamerlane the Great"). Aesthetics Marlo. The theme of the infinity of human knowledge in Faust. Marlo's innovations in the interpretation of: a) Faust and b) hell (compared to the folk novel). Dramatic exposition in Faust. Compositional construction of "Faust" and medieval morality.

W. Shakespeare. Biography. Theatrical and intellectual life of London. Periodization of creativity.

Historical chronicles. "Richard III". Richard as the "titan of the Renaissance". Duality in the portrayal of Richard: the flip side of titanism. "Richard III" as a monodrama. Shakespeare and Pushkin (The Stone Guest and Boris Godunov).

Tragedy Hamlet. Hamlet and Macbeth: Antagonists. Hamlet and Elsinore: attitude to power. Hamlet on the verge of two worlds. Hamlet: participation in the unreal (Shadow of Hamlet's father). Ophelia problem.

The tragedy of Macbeth. Macbeth and Richard III. The other world in "Macbeth": three prophetic witches. Macbeth and Hamlet. Shakespeare's hierarchy: participation in the beyond. The tragedy of Macbeth: a hero overcome by evil. Leitmotif images.

Comedy. General characteristics. Mainline comedy story. Comedy hero. Comedy love affair. The difference between Shakespeare's comedies from the Spanish comedies of the "cloak and sword" (Lope de Vega) and from the comedies of French classicism (Molière). "A Midsummer Night's Dream": Parallelism of Love Stories. Love metamorphoses. pastoral context. friendship motive. The image of Falstaff in the works of Shakespeare. Falstaff background. "The Merry Wives of Windsor": Falstaff in love.

III. English literature of the 17th century

English poetry of the 17th century: the work of metaphysicians and cavaliers. J. Donn and B. Johnson.

J. Milton and his poem "Paradise Lost". Verse by Milton and Verse by Shakespeare. "Paradise Lost" as a Christian epic. Milton's controversy with Calvinism. Main theme. Images of God and Satan.

Restoration Literature. "The Pilgrim's Way" by J. Bunyan. "Gudibras" by S. Butler.

Classicism in England in the second half of the 17th century. "An Essay on Dramatic Poetry" by J. Dryden. "Heroic Plays" by J. Dryden.

Comedians of the Restoration period: J. Etheridge, W. Wicherly and W. Congreve. General characteristics of comedies. Problems of comedies: the life of aristocratic London. Hero typology. The difference between the heroes of Etheridge and Wycherly and the heroes of Kogriv. W. Congreve's "Double Game" and "So They Do in the World": Characteristics of Secular Society.

IV. English literature of the 18th century

Age of Enlightenment. Formation of educational tendencies in English literature. The main features of the early period of the Enlightenment in England. Characteristic features of the English philosophical thought of the Enlightenment.

General characteristics of English classicism of the 18th century. "Kidnapping of a lock" by A. Popa. Satirical tendencies in journalism by D. Addison and R. Steele.

English enlightenment novel. Formation of the genre. "Romance chatter" with the reader. Typology of the English Enlightenment Novel. Three stages in the development of the English Enlightenment novel.

The first stage in the development of the English Enlightenment novel: Defoe and Swift. J. Swift. Periodization of creativity. Early Swift: The Battle of the Books and Tale of the Tub pamphlets. Artistic merits of Swift's journalism. The Significance of Swift as a Satirist. The novel "Gulliver's Travels" as a satirical generalization of Swift's contemporary England. Genre originality of Gulliver's Travels. The evolution of the image of Gulliver. The realistic basis of Swift's fiction. Features of Swift's aesthetics. Swift's predecessors. Swift tradition in world literature.

D. Defoe. Defoe's Way: From Journalism to the Novel. General characteristics of Defoe's novels. The genre of the novel is Robinson Crusoe. The originality of Defoe's artistic method. The value of the adventurous element in the composition of Defoe's novels ("Moll Flenders" and "Roxanne"). Features of Defoe's style. The cult of labor in Robinson Crusoe. Robinsonade. Defoe and the Russian reader. Defoe and Tolstoy.

The second stage of the English Enlightenment novel:C. Richardson, G. Fielding and T. Smollet. The development of the realistic trend in the English educational novel (G. Fielding and T. Smollet). Various trends in the English Enlightenment novel (S. Richardson, G. Fielding, T. Smollet).

S. Richardson is the creator of the epistolary family novel. The Evolution of Novel Structure: From "Pamela" to "Clarissa Harlow". Richardson's innovation. Psychological development of characters. The role of the emotional principle in Richardson's novels.

G. Fielding. Periodization of creativity. Continuation of Swift's satirical tradition in early Fielding ("The History of Jonathan Wilde"). Fielding's satirical dramaturgy.

Fielding's controversy with Richardson ("The History of Joseph Andrews"). "The Story of Tom Jones, the Foundling": comic epic and parenting novel. Image of Tom Jones. Disclosure of the character of the protagonist in contradictions and development. Jones and Blifil. The principle of plot construction. Aesthetic views of Fielding. The Significance of Humor in Fielding's Aesthetics

T. Smollet. The novels The Adventures of Humphrey Clinker, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, and The Adventures of Roderick Random. Development and deepening of means of satire. The value of the journalistic element in his novels. Features of sentimentalism in the later works of Smollet ("The Adventures of Humphrey Clinker"). The significance of Smollet's work in the development of the English realistic novel. Smollett and Fielding: A Difference in Aesthetic Perspectives.

The third stage in the development of the English Enlightenment novel. The work of L. Stern and the aesthetics of sentimentalism. The influence of D. Hume's philosophy on the formation of Stern's creative method. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. Features of L. Stern's creative method. Author in Tristram Shandy. Time in Tristram Shandy. Features of the composition and style of Stern's novels. Image of a person's inner life. Stern innovation.

Significance of Stern's work for the 20th century novel.

English sentimentalism. The Poetics of Sentimentalism (“An Essay on Original Writings” by E. Jung): a dispute with the rationalistic and classicist tendencies of the early English Enlightenment.

Lyric Poetry of Sentimentalism: T. Gray, D. Thomson, E. Jung, J. Crabbe. Features of the poetry of sentimentalists. Contrasting the early "pre-feudal" Middle Ages with modernity. Elements of psychologism in the lyrics of sentimentalists. Theme of nature.

"Songs of Ossian" by D. MacPherson: stylization as a feature of MacPherson's artistic manner.

O. Goldsmith. Poetry of Goldsmith. The novel The Priest of Weckfield. Patriarchal ideals of Goldsmith.

Sheridan's satirical comedy School of Scandal. The problem of the comic. Byron on Sheridan.

Pre-romanticism. G. Walpole and S. Lewis. Poetics of the Gothic novel. The novel "Italian" by A. Radcliffe.

Features of pre-romanticism in the poetry of W. Blake and R. Burns. The folklore basis of Burns' lyrics. Scottish motifs in Burns' poetry. Genre variety of his poetry. Poetic language of Burns.

W. Blake's poetry and its place in the history of English poetry.

V. English Literature of the 19th Century: Romanticism

A social novel by W. Godwin ("Caleb Williams"). Gothic elements in the novel. The influence of W. Godwin's ideas on the work of English writers of the 19th century.

The first stage of English romanticism. Poets of the "Lake School" (W. Wordsworth, R. Southey). Preface to "Lyrical Ballads" by W. Wordsworth and - the aesthetic manifesto of the "Lake School". General and different in the aesthetic views of W. Wordsworth and. Innovative Features of the Leikist Poetry.

Coleridge and German Philosophy. The irrational principle in poetry ("The Tale of the Old Sailor"). Ballads by R. Southey. Southey in translations. The evolution of the creativity of poets-“leikists”. Pushkin on the work of the poets of the Lake School. Byron on the "Leukists" ("Don Juan").

The second stage of English romanticism. The evolution of the creative method of the romantics. J. G. Byron Periodization of creativity. Aesthetic views of the early Byron, his attitude to classicism. Byron's critique of modern English literature ("English Bards and Scottish Reviewers"). Lyric-epic poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage": genre originality, romantic hero, relationship between the hero, author and lyrical character, artistic and political significance.

Byron's "Oriental Poems" 1813–1816 ("Corsair", "Gyaur", "Lara", "Bride of Abydos", "Siege of Corinth", "Parisina"). The image of the hero-rebel: the problem of romantic individualism. The contrast between Childe Harold's contemplation and the rebellious spirit of the heroes of the "oriental poems". The relationship of the hero with the environment. Compositional and stylistic features.

Byronic hero and Byronism: gloomy pessimism, individualism, a certain type of behavior and attitude to life, longing for an obscure ideal.

Byron's political poetry 1812–1816 "Jewish Melodies".

Dramatic philosophical poem "Manfred". The Crisis of Byron's Individualistic Worldview in 1816–1817 Strengthening revolutionary tendencies in creativity. Features of Byron's late work. Evolution of aesthetic views. Ideological-political and artistic significance of the mystery "Cain". The image of Cain the rebel.

The poem "Don Juan": a new hero, the influence of the environment on the formation of the hero's character, a wide coverage of countries and events. The difference between Byron's Don Juan and the traditional seducer. A satire on English reality. Features of composition and verse. "Don Juan" by J. G. Byron and "Eugene Onegin": the difference between genres, characters, dynamics of events.

The place of J. G. Byron in the history of English literature.

The influence of W. Godwin on the formation of Shelley's worldview. Aesthetics of Shelley (treatise "Defence of Poetry", preface to "Freed Prometheus" and "The Rise of Islam"; the artist's task is to create the ideal of beauty; poetry as a source of inspiration and beauty for the reader). Poem "Queen Mab". Romantic poems "Freed Prometheus" and "The Rise of Islam". The character of Shelley's figurativeness (an alloy of the real and the fantastic). Shelley lyricist. Shelley's political lyrics 1819–1820 Peculiarities of Shelley's philosophical lyrics. Shelley's pantheism. Pictures of nature and symbolic space images. The strengthening of realistic tendencies in the work of Shelley (the tragedy of "Cenci").

Poetry by D. Keats. Artistic originality of Keats' poetic manner.

W. Scott Small literary form (ballads). Narrative poems "The Lady of the Lake", "The Song of the Last Minstrel". The Place of Scott's Ballads and Narrative Poems in the Development of English Romantic Poetry. Scott and Coleridge. Scott and Byron.

The genesis of the historical novel by W. Scott. Scott's historicism (the relationship of two traditions and cultures, the moral meaning of history). Aesthetic views of Scott the novelist. Poetics of the historical novel by W. Scott (narration, description, portrait, dialogue). Scottish novels by Scott (Waverley, Rob Roy). Novels of the medieval cycle: Ivanhoe, Quentin Dorward. Novels about the English bourgeois revolution: The Puritans, Woodstock. The problem of the artistic method of W. Scott. The significance of W. Scott's work for the development of the European novel tradition.

The crisis of English romanticism in the second half of the 1820s.

VI. English Literature of the 19th Century: The Victorian Era

Typology of genres. Victorian novel. Periodization. The evolution of the Victorian novel: the difference between early Victorian and late Victorian poetics.

The Significance of W. Scott's Creative Method for the Development of the English Victorian Novel. The influence of W. Godwin's social novel on the work of C. Dickens.

Roman J. Osten. Artistic originality of J. Osten's method: narrow social range, depth of psychological characteristics. The influence of J. Osten on the Victorian novel.

C. Dickens is the largest representative of English critical realism. Periodization of Ch. Dickens' creativity.

Characteristics of the first period (1833–1841). "Essays on Boz". "Notes of the Pickwick Club": compositional construction, the function of humor. Artistic originality of the author's style of early Dickens. Deepening social issues in the novel "Oliver Twist". Controversy with the Newgate novel.

The second period of creativity (1842-1848). Dickens' Journey to the USA: "American Notes" and "Martin Chuzzlewit". "Christmas Stories": the predominance of romantic elements in the description of the characters. Dickens' controversy with bourgeois philosophers (Malthus and Bentham). The novel "Dombey and Son" is a masterpiece of the second period, its significance in the creative development of Dickens the satirist. The specificity of the tragic perception of the world.

The third period in the work of Dickens (1848-1859). The novel "David Copperfield": the subtlest reproduction of the psychology of the child. Three systems of education (Murdstone, Crickle, Betsy Trotwood). Image of Uriah Hippa. Dickens' social novels of the early 1850s: Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times. "Bleak House": two storylines (litigation in the chancellor's court; the mystery of Lady Dedlock).

The fourth stage in the work of Dickens (1860s). The novel "Great Expectations": the collapse of illusions. The nature of Dickens' realism in later novels. "Our Mutual Friend", "The Secret of Edwin Drood": complex intrigue, painful manifestations of the human psyche. The value of Dickens' work for world literature.

Creation. The work of early Thackeray: satirical novels "Zeltoplusha's Notes", "Hoggart's Diamond" and parody novels "Catherine", "Barry Lyndon". Thackeray's controversy with the authors of the Silver Fork and the Newgate novel. The Book of Snobs is a satire on English society. Criticism of English bourgeois culture. Vanity Fair is a masterpiece. The problem of the novel. composition of the novel. Features of typification in the novel. Emilia Sedley and Rebecca Sharpe: a romance without a hero. Thackeray is a master of realistic satire. and E. Trollop. The evolution of Thackeray's work in the 1850s The Newcomes novel. The peculiarity of Thackeray's late satire. Historical novels "Henry Esmond" and "Virginians".

E. Gaskell and her social novel "Mary Barton". E. Gaskell's evolution towards the psychological novel in the 1850s. ("Wives and Daughters"). The novel "Cranford": humor E. Gaskell.

S. Bronte and her novel "Jane Eyre". The problem of the novel. Image of Saint John. Romantic imagery in the novel. The novels of S. Bronte "Villette" and "Shirley".

E. Bronte. E. Bronte's poetry: transparency and musicality of the verse, semantic capacity, philosophicity. The theme of the poems. Wuthering Heights by E. Bronte is a masterpiece of English literature. The problem of the novel. Two narrators in a novel. Mystical intonations in the novel. Romantic imagery in the novel.

A. Bronte and her novel "Agnes Grey". New heroine A. Bronte. A. Bronte's place in English literature.

English poetry 1830s–1850s Poetry A. Tennyson. "In memoriam" and "Idylls". Poetic evolution of R. Browning. Philosophical depth of R. Browning's lyrics. Poetry E. Browning.

The development of the Victorian novel in the 1850s–1860s: the influence of positivism, naturalism, discoveries in natural science. Creativity J. Eliot: Scenes of English provincial life. J. Eliot's innovations in the genre of the novel. The first period in the work of J. Eliot ("The Mill on the Floss", "Siles Marner"). The second period ("Middlemarch", "Daniel Deronda").

Creativity E. Trollope. "The Barchester Chronicle". The novel "The Barchester Towers": genre originality, composition, characteristics of the main characters. Description of the clerical environment. E. Trollope is a master of satire.

VII. From the Victorian era to the 20th century. Naturalism. Decadence. neo-romanticism

Formation of naturalism in the late 1850s. aesthetic features. Positivism is the philosophical basis of English naturalism (J. S. Mill, G. Spencer, O. Comte). Two schools of English naturalism: artistic originality, distinctive features, common philosophical basis.

Aesthetics T. Hardy. Problems of T. Hardy's novels. Novels about Wessex: "novels of character and environment" ("Tess of the d'Urbervilles", "Jude the Obscure", "The Mayor of Casterbridge"). Ideological and artistic problems of the novel by T. Hardy "Tess of the d'Urbervilles": conflict, heroes. T. Hardy's poetry: main themes, features of poetic language.

English aestheticism. "Essays on the history of the Renaissance" W. Pater. Ruskin's aesthetic. Poetry of the Pre-Raphaelites. . C. Rosetti. W. Morris and E. Swinburne at an early stage of creativity.

General characteristics of decadence. Almanac "Yellow Book" and the magazine "Savoy". Decadence and Modernism.

Creativity O. Wilde. O. Wilde on Art and the Artist. Ideological and artistic problems of O. Wilde's novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray". O. Wilde's plays "An Ideal Husband", "The Importance of Being Earnest" and "Salome". "Aphorisms" O. Wilde.

neo-romanticism(, R. Kipling, J. Conrad, A. Conan-Doyle). The specialization of genres of the novel. New hero.

Creation. Features of the aesthetic system.

Problems of the fantastic story "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde".

Creativity A. Conan Doyle. A. Conan Doyle's development of detective genre traditions. Sherlock Holmes and Dupin.

Neoromantic features of R. Kipling's creativity. Aesthetics of R. Kipling. Kipling's hero: a neo-romantic model of behavior. Kipling's soldier theme ("Tommy Atkins", "Danny Deaver", "Mandalay"). Empire Idea: "White Man's Burden". The theme "East - West" in the work of Kipling. Peculiarities of Kipling's poetic language. Modernists on the "Kipling Phenomenon".

VIII. British literature. XX century

"Theater of Ideas" B. Shaw. B. Shaw and G. Ibsen: "The Quintessence of Ibsenism". B. Shaw and B. Brecht: the alienation effect. B. Shaw and L. Pirandello. The genre of the drama is "extravagancies" ("Bitter, but true"). "Pygmalion": problems. Fabianism B. Shaw.

Strengthening of the decadent currents in English literature before and after the First World War. W. Wolfe's stories "Mrs. Dellaway" and "The Lighthouse" and the "Stream of Consciousness" School. Freudianism and the Decadent Schools. Surrealism. J. Joyce, the significance of his work for the development of modernism. "Ulysses" by J. Joyce: the problem of method, "stream of consciousness", elements of satire in the novel. Late Joyce: The Destruction of Art in the Way of Formalism ("Finnegans Wake"). Creation.

Eliot Essays ("Tradition and Individual Talent", "Metaphysical Poets"). Eliot on Romanticism. Eliot on tradition: the past as a continuing fact of the present. Early Eliot: "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (themes of the poem, imagery, parody and irony; Prufrock is a hero and anti-hero; tragic ending). "The Waste Land" (problematics and structure of the poem; imagery; mythological, Old Testament and literary allusions; myth as a way of organizing material). Eliot's influence on the English and American poetic traditions.

The poetry of the "Oxfordians" (W. Auden), its inconsistency.

Writers of "Angry Youth": The Plays of J. Osborne. The nature of realism "angry".

The work of G. Green, the novels The Quiet American, Travels with Auntie, Comedians.

Existentialist novel A. Murdoch. A novel-parable by W. Golding. Reflection of the crisis of modern English bourgeois culture in the work of J. Fowles, M. Spark, M. Drabble and others.

US Literature

I. Early American Romanticism

Specificity of early American romanticism. Creativity V. Irving. Romantic poetization of patriarchal America in his work ("Rip van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", "The Devil and Tom Walker", "The Mysterious Ship"). "History of New York": Irving's literary hoax. W. Irving is a mediator between the cultures of the Old and New Worlds. The originality of the romantic poetics of W. Irving.

Creativity F. Cooper. Criticism of bourgeois America in the novels of F. Cooper ("Spy", "Pioneers"). The theme of the frontier in the work of F. Cooper. Originality of F. Cooper's creative manner: elements of romantic aesthetics in his novels.

Pentalogy of the Leather Stocking. Rejection of bourgeois America, opposing the world to the gain of a natural person (the image of Natty Bumpo). The epic beginning in the novels of F. Cooper.

II. The Second Stage of American Romanticism

By. Periodization of creativity. Poe and Byron. Stylistic originality of E. A. Poe's poetry. Synesthesia of poetic images. The main themes of the lyrics. E. A. Poe on poetry. Essay on "Philosophy of Composition".

Collection of stories "Grotesques and arabesques": a typology of short stories by E. A. Poe. The Artistic World of Poe's Stories. Space and time in Poe's stories. The originality of the creative method. E. A. Poe and Russian Symbolists.

Transcendentalists. attitude towards America. transcendental conception of the world. Moral-philosophical utopia of transcendentalism.

Transcendentalists and.

Emerson and his moral-philosophical essays The Young American, The Oversoul, and Self-Confidence. Emerson's Doctrine of "Trusting Yourself". Emerson's Nonconformism and American Society. W. Thoreau, his novel Walden, or Life in the Forest. The originality of the creative method of W. Thoreau.

Creativity N. Hawthorne. N. Hawthorne's controversy with the transcendentalists (the novel "Blythedale"). Novels by N. Hawthorne (collections "Twice-Told Stories", "Mosses of the Old Manor"). N. Hawthorne's stories for children ("Book of Wonders", "Tanglewood Tales"). Romantic criticism of bourgeois America. Hawthorne the moralist and master of allegories. The study of Puritan consciousness in the novel "The Scarlet Letter". Sin as a source of spiritual rebirth of the individual. The novel "The House of the Seven Gables": a study of ancestral guilt. The problem of aristocracy The originality of the creative method of N. Hawthorne. G. James on the characters of Hawthorne.

Creativity G. Melville. The novel "Moby Dick": genre originality, problems, language of the novel (Bible and Shakespeare). Captain Ahab and Ishmael: Two Types of Romantic Consciousness. Characteristics of the main character: heroic and villainous in Captain Ahab. Moby Dick as the embodiment of world evil. Philosophical symbolism in the novel. The originality of the creative method of G. Melville.

Creativity G. Longfellow. The epic "Song of Hiawatha": images of the main characters, poetic language, meter. Folklore basis of the "Song of Hiawatha". The theme of nature in Longfellow's poetry. Originality of G. Longfellow's creative method.

Creativity W. Whitman. Features of the poetic system of W. Whitman. Main themes and poetic images. Vers libre. Poetic dictionary. "Leaves of Grass" by W. Whitman: problems, poetic language. W. Whitman's innovation. The tradition of W. Whitman in the poetry of the XX century.

III. US Literature. XX century

Creativity E. Pound. Imagist poets (, M. Moore,).

("The Spoon River Anthology"), K. Sandberg ("Poems about Chicago"): the tradition of W. Whitman in the 20th century.

Poetry of R. Frost. The theme of the poems. Synthesis of the Anglo-American poetic tradition (J. Donn, W. Wordsworth,) in the work of R. Frost. R. Frost and US Poetry.

Short stories by Sh. Andersen, inconsistency of the method, character of the hero. Andersen's influence on the development of the short story genre.

and the Jazz Age. The novels The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night. Novels.

Short stories by E. Hemingway, the art of subtext. E. Hemingway as a writer of the "lost generation" ("Farewell to arms!"). Spanish theme. The genre of the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls", a way of revealing the theme of war. "To have and not to have." The ideological and stylistic originality of the late E. Hemingway ("The Old Man and the Sea", "Across the River, in the Shade of Trees").

Dramaturgy by O'Neill. "Plastic Theatre" by T. Williams, L. Hellman.

Prose J. Salinger. The problems of the novel "The Catcher in the Rye"; ethical maximalism of the protagonist. Features of the author's style of Salinger. Salinger and the "counterculture" of the 1960s

The novel "Gerzag" by S. Bellow: the drama of the hero-intellectual and spiritual shepherd in modern America. Irony in the novel: Moses Gerzag as hero and anti-hero.

"American Dream" by N. Mailer: a novel about a modern hero. Interpretation of the concept " dream". Hero's dreams as a way to get rid of the shackles of morality. Self-irony of the hero as overcoming the craving for intellectual sophistication. A modern hero on the path of spiritual rebirth.

Creativity T. Capote. The story "Breakfast at Tiffany's": problems, characteristics of the main character. The novel "Perfectly in cold blood": a parable about modern America. Features of the genre of "non-fiction novel".

Confessional Lyrics of the 1960s: R. Lowell, S. Plath. The life of the poet as a material for understanding the present. R. Lowell: meditativeness of lyrics, a combination of confession and autobiography with historical and philosophical reflections. R. Lowell about the poet as a prophet and teacher of the nation.

The literary movement of the "Beats": existentialist and naturalistic tendencies in their work (J. Kerouac and others). The development of realism in the 1960s-1970s: the novels of Cheever, Styron and others. Warren's novel All the King's Men. Roman T. Morrison "Beloved".

LIST OF LITERARY SOURCES

History of English Literature through the first thirdXIXcentury

1. Beowulf

2. J. Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales (General Prologue. The Knight's Tale. The Miller's (or Majordomo's) Tale. The Sir Topas' Tale. The Monastery Chaplain's Tale. The Student's Tale)

3. T. Mallory. Death of Arthur

4. F. Sidney. Astrophile and Stella

5. E. Spencer. Sonnets ( Amoretti)

6. K. Marlo. Faust (or Tamerlane the Great)

7. W. Shakespeare. Sonnets. Chronicle (Richard III). Tragedies (Hamlet. Macbeth). Comedy (A Midsummer Night's Dream)

8. J. Donn. Sacred Sonnets. lyrics ( Annunciation. Air and Angels)

9. J. Herbert. Sonnets The Temple

10. E. Marvell. Poems

11. J. Milton. Lost heaven. Paradise returned

12. D. Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. Moll Flanders. Roxanne

13. J. Swift. Tale of the barrel. Gulliver's Travels

14. G. Fielding. The Story of Tom Jones, the Foundling

15. T. Smollet. The Journey of Humphrey Clinker. The Adventures of Rodrik Random. The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle

16. O. Goldsmith. Poems. Weckfield Priest

17. L. Stern. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. A sentimental journey through France and Italy

18. W. Godwin. Caleb Williams

19. W. Blake. Lyrics

20. W. Wordsworth. Lyrics (Yellow daffodils. Tintern Abbey. Yew tree. Sonnet written on Westminster Bridge)

21. . Tale of the old sailor

22. R. Southey. ballads

23. J. G. Byron. Lyrics. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Gyaur. Corsair. Cain. Manfred. Bronze Age. Don Juan. English bards and Scottish reviewers

24. . Lyrics. Rise of Islam. Freed Prometheus. Protection of poetry. Chenci

25. D. Keats. Lyrics (Ode to a Greek vase. Autumn. Grasshopper and Cricket. Sonnet about a sonnet)

26. T. Moore. Irish melodies. Lyrics (In the sea. Young singer. Evening ringing)

27. W. Scott. Ivanhoe. Rob Roy. Quentin Dorward. Waverley. Puritans

UK literatureXIX- earlyXXcentury

1. J. Osten. Pride and Prejudice. Mansfield Park. Emma

2. Ch. Dickens. Papers of the Pickwick Club. Oliver Twist. Dombey and son. Christmas stories. Cold house. David Copperfield. Great Expectations

3. . Vanity Fair. Snob book. History of Henry Esmond

4. E. Trollope. barchester towers

5. J. Eliot. Middlemarch. Mill on the Floss

6. Sh. Bronte. Jane Eyre. Willet. Shirley

7. E. Bronte. Lyrics. Wuthering Heights

8. E. Gaskell. Mary Barton. Cranford

9. J. Meredith. Egoist

10. T. Hardy. Lyrics. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Mayor of Casterbridge

eleven. . Lyrics. Treasure Island. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

12. O. Wilde. The Picture of Dorian Grey. Plays. Fairy tales

13. R. Kipling. Poems (Danny Deaver. Tommy Atkins. Mandalay. Ballad of East and West). stories

US LiteratureXIX- earlyXXcentury

1. W. Irving. History of New York. Rip Van Winkle. Legend of Sleepy Hollow. ghost groom

2. F. Cooper. Spy. St. John's wort. The last of the Mohicans. Pioneers. Prairie

3. E. A. Poe. Lyrics (Raven. Annabel Lee. Ulyalum. Bells). Novels (The Stolen Letter. The Downfall of the Maelstrom. The Golden Beetle. The Fall of the House of Usher. The Murder in the Rue Morgue. The Secret of Marie Roger)

4. N. Hawthorne. Scarlet Letter. House of Seven Gables (one novel to choose from). Novels (Twice-Told Stories, Mosses of the Old Manor)

5. . Walden, or Life in the Forest

6. G. Longfellow. Song of Hiawatha

7. G. Melville. moby dick

8. W. Whitman. grass leaves

9. E. Dickinson. Lyrics

10. M. Twain. Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A Yankee in King Arthur's Court

11. F. Bret-Hart. Stories (Happiness of the roaring camp)

12. O. Henry. stories

The selection of the most famous works of English writers. These are British novels, detective stories and short stories popular with readers around the world. We did not stop at one genre or time. There are science fiction, fantasy, humorous stories, dystopias, children's adventures and other masterpieces from the Middle Ages to the present. The books are different, but they have something in common. All of them made a significant contribution to the development of world literature and art, reflected the national characteristics of the people of Great Britain.

famous english writers

Let's not forget about Iris Murdoch, John Le Carr, JK Rowling, Ian McEwan, Joanne Harris, Julian Barnes and other talented contemporary English writers. Another striking example of a gifted author is Kazuo Ishiguro. In 2017, this famous Japanese-born British writer received the Nobel Prize in Literature. In the selection is his novel about touching love and a sense of duty, The Rest of the Day. Add and read. And then be sure to watch the wonderful film adaptation - with Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson in the lead roles - "At the end of the day" (dir. James Ivory, 1993).

Literary awards and film adaptations

These works are a storehouse of inspiration for directors, stage directors, screenwriters. It is hard to imagine that if Bernard Shaw had not written the play "Pygmalion", we would not have seen the stunning transformation of Audrey Hepburn from an illiterate flower girl into a sophisticated aristocrat. We are talking about the film "My Fair Lady" (dir. George Cukor, 1964).

From modern books and their successful film adaptations, pay attention to The Long Fall. Nick Hornby wrote an ironic novel about the relationship between good human interaction and the desire to live. The film of the same name with Pierce Brosnan and Toni Collette (dir. Pascal Chaumel, 2013) turned out to be sincere and life-affirming.

Geographic reference

The selection of English writers and their works turned out to be impressive - more than 70 books. This is a real book challenge! Add your favorite books and immerse yourself in a slightly prim, but such an elegant world!

Nick Hornby is known not only as the author of such popular novels as "Hi-Fi", "My Boy", but also as a screenwriter. The writer's cinematic style makes him very popular in adapting books by various authors for film adaptation: "Brooklyn", "Education of the Senses", "Wild".

In the past, an ardent football fan, he even splashed out his obsession in the autobiographical novel Football Fever.

Culture is often a key theme in Hornby's books, in particular, the writer does not like it when pop culture is underestimated, considering it as narrow-minded. Also, the key themes of the works are often the relationship of the hero with himself and others, overcoming and searching for himself.

Nick Hornby now lives in Highbury, North London, within easy reach of the stadium of his favorite football team, Arsenal.

Doris Lessing (1919 - 2013)

After the second divorce in 1949, she moved with her son to London, where at first she rented an apartment for a couple with a woman of easy virtue.

The topics that worried Lessing, as often happens, changed during her life, and if in 1949-1956 she was primarily occupied with social issues and communist themes, then from 1956 to 1969 the works began to be of a psychological nature. In later works, the author was close to the postulates of the esoteric trend in Islam - Sufism. In particular, this was expressed in many of her science fiction works from the Canopus series.

In 2007, the writer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

The world-wide success and love of millions of women brought the writer the novel "Bridget Jones's Diary", born from a column that Helen led in the Independent newspaper.

The plot of the "Diary" repeats in detail the plot of Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice", up to the name of the main male character - Mark Darcy.

They say that the writer was inspired by the 1995 series and especially by Colin Firth, as he migrated to the film adaptation of The Diary without any changes.

In the UK, Stephen is known as an esthete and a great original, driving around in his own cab. Stephen Fry incomparably combines two abilities: to be the standard of British style and to regularly shock the public. His bold statements about God put many into a stupor, which, however, does not affect his popularity in any way. He is openly gay - last year, 57-year-old Fry married a 27-year-old comedian.

Fry does not hide the fact that he used drugs and suffers from bipolar disorder, about which he even made a documentary.

It is not easy to define all areas of Fry's activity, he himself jokingly calls himself "a British actor, writer, king of dance, prince of swimming trunks and blogger." All of his books invariably become bestsellers, and interviews are sorted into quotes.

Stephen is considered a rare owner of a unique classic English accent, an entire book has been written about the art of "talking like Stephen Fry".

Julian Barnes has been called the "chameleon" of British literature. He perfectly knows how, without losing his individuality, to create works that are different from each other: eleven novels, four of which are detective stories written under the pseudonym Dan Kavanagh, a collection of short stories, a collection of essays, a collection of articles and reviews.

The writer has been repeatedly accused of Francophonie, especially after the publication of the book "Flaubert's Parrot", a kind of mixture of a biography of the writer and a scientific treatise on the role of the author in general. The writer's craving for everything French is partly due to the fact that he grew up in the family of a French teacher.

His novel A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters became a real event in literature. Written in the genre of dystopia, the novel seeks answers to a number of philosophical questions about the essence of man, his past, present and future.

A favorite of children and adults around the world, the restless Paddington bear was "born" in 1958, when Michael Bond realized at the last moment before Christmas that he forgot to buy a gift for his wife. Out of hopelessness, the author, who had already written many plays and stories by that time, bought his wife a toy bear in a blue cloak.

In 2014, based on his books, a film was made, where London became one of the characters in the story. He appears before us as if through the eyes of a small guest from dense Peru: at first rainy and inhospitable, and then sunny and beautiful. You can recognize Notting Hill, Portobello Road, the streets near Maida Vale Station, Paddington Station and the Natural History Museum in the painting.

It is interesting that now the writer lives in London just not far from Paddington station.

Rowling went from social welfare to the author of the best-selling series of books in history in just five years, which became the basis for films, which, in turn, are recognized as the second highest-grossing franchise.

According to Rowling herself, the idea for the book came to her while traveling by train from Manchester to London in 1990. .

Neil Gaiman has been called one of today's premier storytellers. Hollywood producers are lining up for the film rights to his books.

He also wrote scripts himself more than once. His famous novel Neverwhere was born from just such a script for a mini-series filmed on the BBC in 1996. Although, of course, the opposite is more often the case.

Scary Tales of the Nile are also loved because they blur the lines between intellectual and entertainment literature.

The writer is a laureate of prestigious awards, many of Ian's works have been filmed.

The first works of the writer were distinguished by cruelty and great attention to the theme of violence, for which the author was awarded the nickname Ian Creepy (Ian Macabre). He has also been called the black wizard of modern British prose and a world-class expert on all forms of violence.

In further work, all these themes remained, but seemed to fade into the background, passing like a red thread through the fate of the characters, while not lingering in the frame themselves.

The writer's childhood passed on the run: he was born in Czechoslovakia into an intelligent Jewish family. Because of her nationality, his mother moved to Singapore and then to India. Almost all of the writer's relatives died during the Second World War, and his mother, having married a British military man for the second time, raised her children as real Englishmen.

Stoppard's fame came with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, a reimagining of Shakespeare's Hamlet, which turned into a comedy under Tom's pen.

The playwright has a lot to do with Russia. He was here in 1977, working on a report on dissidents who were kept in psychiatric hospitals. "It was cold. Moscow seemed gloomy to me, ”the author shares his memories.

The writer also visited Moscow during the staging of a performance based on his play at the RAMT Theater in 2007. The theme of the 8-hour performance is the development of Russian political thought of the 19th century with its main characters: Herzen, Chaadaev, Turgenev, Belinsky, Bakunin.

Recognized as a masterpiece of modern English prose, the book that opened the Neo-Gothic genre to the general public and made Anglo-American critics talk about the return of the golden age of the British novel, fanned by the names of Charlotte and Emily Brontë and Daphne Du Maurier. The debut novel of a modest teacher, the rights to which were bought for unprecedented money for a novice author (a million dollars for an American edition), overtook the bestsellers of recent years in sales, was instantly translated into several dozen languages ​​and was awarded the honorary name of "new" Jane Eyre from reviewers ".
██ ██ A soulful book in the style of good old England, but with a modern twist. Cozy and warm. A wonderful story from a modern English writer. An amazingly kind, touching novel that will give everyone a sense of celebration and a real New Year's mood. Five not too happy people, by the will of circumstances, find themselves in the same house in the north of Scotland. Rosamund Pilcher talks about her characters with a warm, kind smile, and the reader begins to believe that the approaching Christmas will surely bring wonderful changes to their lives. The novel by the famous English writer is distinguished by lyricism, gentle humor and unexpected plot twists.

██ ██ "A Christmas Carol" became a sensation upon its first publication, influencing our Christmas traditions. This is a story-parable about the rebirth of the miser and misanthrope Scrooge, in which the writer, with the help of fantastic images of Christmas Spirits, shows his hero the only way to salvation - to do good to people. One day, the spirit of Marley's deceased companion appeared to Scrooge. The author skillfully describes the appearance of this spirit in such a way that the blood freezes in the veins not only of the protagonist, but also of the reader.
██ ██ The long-awaited novel from David Mitchell, each book of which becomes an event in world literature. On the pages of this work, Mitchell created a whole world, plunging into which the reader, trusting the imagination and will of the author, will seem to pass through a labyrinth where a lot of interesting things await him: unexpected discoveries, unpredictable plot twists, acquaintance with the most colorful characters, many of whom Mitchell's fans know from previous novels. The plot of the story is an everyday situation: in 1984, the main character, Holly Sykes, runs away from home, having quarreled with her mother. But this is where the realistic component of the story ends. Further events will happen to Holly that cannot happen to mere mortals.

📖 Cornwall, 1933. Alice Edewijn lives in a beautiful estate with her family. Days flow in the usual sequence, and nothing threatens the ideal world, devoid of worries. But one day the irreparable happens - Theo, Alice's younger brother, mysteriously disappears. Shortly thereafter, the lifeless body of a family friend is found. What is it - suicide or a crime? And if it was suicide, could Theo's disappearance be the cause? In 2003, Detective Sadie Sparrow ends up in Cornwall. Walking through the forest, she accidentally discovers an abandoned house - the same one in which the tragedy occurred...

JOJO MOYES (1969)

Jojo Moyes is an English novelist and journalist. Born in London

██ ██ Lisa McCullin lives in a quiet town in Australia. However, Mike Dormer appears in it, who wants to turn it into a glittering fashion resort. The only thing Mike couldn't foresee was that Lisa McCullin would get in his way. And of course, he could not even think that love would flare up in his heart ...

██ ██ The old dilapidated mansion is located on the lake in a picturesque place near London. And around this mansion, which the locals call the Spanish House, passions flare up.For Isabella Delancey, a young widow with two children, this is a refuge from the storms and hardships of life that hit her after the unexpected death of her beloved husband. For Matt McCarthy, who is renovating the house while trying to keep Isabella alive by insanely high prices, this is his chance to own the Spanish House. For Nicholas Trent, a real estate developer, this is an opportunity to create a luxurious village for the elite on the site of an old house. And Byron Firth is trying to at least temporarily find a roof over his head.
██ ██ Lou Clark knows how many steps from the bus stop to her house. She knows that she really likes working in a cafe and that she most likely does not like her boyfriend Patrick. But Lou does not know that she is about to lose her job and that in the near future she will need all the strength to overcome the problems that have fallen on her.Will Traynor knows that the motorcyclist who hit him took away his will to live. And he knows exactly what needs to be done to put an end to all this. But he does not know that Lou will soon burst into his world with a riot of colors. And they both do not know that they will forever change each other's life.A sad story about a small life and big dreams that will make you cry.
██ ██ To be honest, I didn't want to add this book to the list of the worst, but it really is a complete disappointment.The first book is much stronger.. Much. MUCH. Me Before You made Jojo Moyes a very popular author and the book a real bestseller. Then other works followed, but that First Book is truly a masterpiece. I sobbed and couldn't stop after reading it. And here comes the continuation of this sensational story "Me Before You". I already lost the gift of speech. I was eager to plunge into the experiences of the main character again, I wanted to read again about the further fate of the heroes. Unfortunately, I was disappointed. No, you can read it, of course ... But the second part will be a bestseller only because everyone who read the first book, of course, wants to know - what's next ... Personally, I'm not thrilled. While reading the first book, I sobbed, while reading the sequel, I didn’t feel anything. I read and waited all the time - come on, something so emotional must already happen. No. Somehow overly sentimental and with a touch of American Happy End.And was it even necessary to write this sequel? It seems to me that no.

██ ██ An unforgettable and touching story of women of three generations, bound by indissoluble bonds. The relationship between Joy and Kate, mother and daughter, is far from ideal, and Kate, trying to arrange a personal life, runs away from home. Vowing to herself that if she ever had a daughter, she, Kate, would become her best friend and they would never be separated. But history repeats itself. Sabina, Kate's daughter, has grown up stubborn and defiant, and treats her mother with contempt due to Kate's string of love failures. And now the circumstances are such that Sabina comes to her grandmother Joy.

HELEN FIELDING (1958)

Helen Fielding - English writer. Born in Morley, West Yorkshire.

██ ██ Every woman is a bit of Bridget, even if she doesn't admit it. The continuation of the adventures of the unsinkable optimist Bridget Jones is a novel in which many women can recognize themselves as the heroine, and many men will learn invaluable information about the mysterious soul, tricks and weaknesses of the beautiful half of humanity.Continuation of the novel "Bridget Jones's Diary" about how jealousy and prison (where you just don't get foolishly!) Almost drove Bridget to madness. But just when she lost hope of marriage to the irresistible bore Mark Darcy, she had a real chance to change her life.

██ ██ Helen Fielding continues the touching story of Bridget Jones. Bridget's diary is for such troubled and tireless seekers of happiness as she herself is. In pursuit of happiness, friends and dating sites come to her aid, but the realI love waiting for Bridget in a completely different place. Have you ever allowed yourself to eat a third cake, drink too much or for no reason? Have you ever forgotten to pick up your kids from school? Haven't you promised yourself that from Monday you will quit smoking and start exercising? Have you ever looked stupid and ridiculous? And didn't tweet about the date even though it wasn't over yet? No? Then this book is not for you.

ALICE PETERSON (1974)

Alice Peterson is a contemporary English novelist. The main theme of her novels is the life of people with disabilities in Europe. Alice now lives in West London with her inspirational dog, Darcy.