Landscape - poetic and musical painting - Knowledge Hypermarket. Landscape - poetic and musical painting A herd wanders lazily in the fields. From the heavy, suffocating heat, everything in nature suffers and dries up, and every living thing languishes with thirst.

The simple beauty of the Central Russian strip did not attract the attention of artists for a long time. Boring, monotonous flat landscapes, gray skies, spring thaw or summer grass withered by the heat... What's poetic about this?

Russian artists of the 19th century. A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, I. Shishkin and others discovered the beauty of their native land. People, as if for the first time, saw in their paintings both the transparent spring air and the reviving birch trees filled with spring sap; We heard the cheerful, hopeful, joyful hubbub of birds. And the sky doesn’t seem so gray and joyless, and the spring dirt is soothing and pleasing to the eye. It turns out that this is what Russian nature is like - gentle, thoughtful, touching! It is thanks to the picture AlexeyKondratievich Savrasov(1830-1897) “The Rooks Have Arrived” Russian artists felt the songfulness of Russian nature, and Russian composers felt the landscape nature of Russian folk song.

In the 20th century In foreign fine arts, a direction arose that was called “impressionism” (from the French impression - impression). Impressionist artists tried to capture fleeting impressions of the real world in their paintings.

An instructive and even funny story happened with the painting “Westminster Abbey” by the French impressionist artist ClaudeMonet (1840-1926).

Londoners, accustomed to fog, knew exactly its color - gray. And how amazed and even outraged they were when they saw Monet’s painting at the exhibition. On it they discovered that the fog blurring the outlines of the castle had a purple hue! When people went outside, they, to their surprise, discovered that the fog was actually purple! Indeed, depending on the weather, time of day, and the refraction of sunlight, fog can take on very different colors. But it was the artist who noticed and revealed this feature to everyone.

· Look at the picturesque landscapes. Explain how the features of color, color, rhythm, and composition help create various images of nature captured on these canvases.

· How do you understand the words of the Russian poet I. Bunin?

No, it’s not the landscape that attracts me,

It’s not the colors that the greedy gaze will notice,

And what shines in these colors:

Love and joy of being.

· Select picturesque, literary and musical works that reveal the emotional richness of the world, and prepare a conversation with primary schoolchildren about the beauty and harmony of the surrounding nature.

Watch a film - an adaptation of one of the works of Russian classics. What role does landscape play in the film?

Write sketches (literary or pictorial) in which you depict nature in different emotional states (at different times of the day or at different times of the year).

Visible music

Listeners all over the world know and love the masterpieces of musical classics - “The Seasons” - a series of concerts by the Italian composer of the 18th century. Antonio Vivaldi(1678-1741) and a cycle of piano pieces by the Russian composer of the 19th century. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky(1840-1893). Both compositions belong to program music: they have titles and are accompanied by poetic lines - sonnets by the composer himself in Vivaldi concertos and poems by Russian poets for each of the 12 plays of Tchaikovsky's cycle.

In Russian mood landscapes - poetic, pictorial and musical - images of nature, thanks to the amazing songfulness of intonations, melodies that last like an endless song, like the melody of a lark, convey the lyrical desire of the human soul for beauty, helping people to better understand the poetic content of sketches of nature.

These are the words in which I described my impressions of I. Levitan’s painting “Spring. Big Water" expert on Russian painting M. Alpatov:

Thin, like candles, girlishly slender birches look like the very ones that have been sung in Russian songs from time immemorial. The reflection of birch trees in clear water seems to constitute their continuation, their echo, a melodic echo; they dissolve in the water with their roots, their pink branches merge with the blue of the sky. The contours of these bent birch trees sound like a gentle and sadly plaintive pipe; from this chorus, individual voices of more powerful trunks burst out, all of them are contrasted with a tall pine trunk and the dense greenery of spruce.

Why did a simple Russian landscape, why a walk in the summer in Russia, in the village, through the fields, through the forest, in the evening in the steppe, used to put me in such a state that I lay down on the ground in some kind of exhaustion from the influx of love for nature, those inexplicable sweet and intoxicating impressions that the forest, steppe, river, distant village, modest church brought to me, in a word, everything that made up the wretched Russian landscape of my native land? Why all this?

P. Tchaikovsky

· Pay attention to the epithets in the description of the picture. Why did the author use musical comparisons?

· What attracts composers and artists to Russian nature?

· Listen to fragments of program works by A. Vivaldi and P. Tchaikovsky. How does this music make you feel?

· Find in them similar and different features, expressive means that convey the composers’ attitude to nature. What distinguishes Russian music from Italian?

· What visual and literary associations do you get from these works? Match the poems to the music played.

· Listen to modern adaptations of classic works depicting nature. What new do modern performers bring to the interpretation of familiar melodies?

Artistic and creative task

Select reproductions of landscape paintings. Write a short story about one of the paintings in a creative notebook, find musical literary examples for it.

Man in the mirror of art: portrait genre

Portrait (French portrait) is an image of a specific person or group of people. The portrait genre became widespread in ancient times in sculpture, and then in painting and graphics. There are ceremonial and chamber portraits. There are pair and group portraits. They are intended to decorate state rooms, and to praise certain persons, and to preserve the memory of people united by professional, spiritual, and family ties. A special category is the self-portrait, in which the artist depicts himself. Any of the portraits can be classified as either a psychological portrait, or a character portrait, or a biographical portrait.

Art helps to know a person. Not only to see his appearance, but also to understand his essence, character, mood, etc. A portrait is almost always realistic. After all, its main goal is the recognition of the person depicted on it. However, usually the artist’s task is not to accurately copy the external features of the model, not to imitate nature, but to “pictorially recreate” the image of a person. It is no coincidence that there is a desire not only to recognize yourself in a portrait, but perhaps even to discover something new in yourself.

The viewer involuntarily conveys the artist’s attitude towards the model. Everything that expresses emotions, attitude towards life, towards people is important: the facial expressions of the depicted face, the expression of the eyes, the line of the lips, the turn of the head, posture, gesture.

We often interpret a work from the perspective of a person of today, attribute to the character traits that are completely unusual for his time, that is, we strive to understand the unknown through the known.

Religious ideas in Ancient Egypt associated with the cult of the dead determined the desire to convey a portrait likeness in the sculptural image of a person: the soul of the deceased had to find its container. At the beginning of the 20th century. archaeologists have discovered a wonderful portrait of Queen Nefertiti to the whole world. Created in the 4th century. BC e., this image amazes with the smoothness of the profile lines, the grace of the flexible neck, the airy lightness and the fluid transitions of the irregular but charming features of the female face.

In the art of Ancient Greece, a special place is occupied by generalized, idealized images of heroes or gods. Artists and sculptors saw the merging of the spiritual and physical as the embodiment of human beauty and harmony.

In his famous “Discoball”, the 5th century sculptor. BC e Miron strives, first of all, to convey a sense of movement with stability and monumentality of the lines of the body, without focusing the audience’s attention on the features of the face.

The statue of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, sculpted by the sculptor Praxiteles in the 4th century exudes special tenderness and warmth. BC. for a temple on the island of Crete. There is no divine grandeur in this image; the image breathes amazing peace and chastity.

The Roman portrait is associated with the cult of ancestors, with the desire to preserve their appearance for posterity. This contributed to the development of realistic portraiture. It is distinguished by the individual characteristics of a person: greatness, restraint or cruelty and despotism, spirituality or arrogance.

In the Middle Ages, the sensual-plastic language of sculpture corresponds to the idea of ​​​​the abstraction of the image, its connection with the divine spirit. Despite the restriction of religious art by norms and rules, images appear full of moving beauty and deep human feeling.

Portrait art of the Renaissance seems to combine the legacy of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It again sounds a solemn hymn to a mighty man with his unique physical appearance, spiritual world, individual traits of character and temperament.

In "Self-Portrait" Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) one can discern the artist’s desire to find an idealized hero. The images of the universal geniuses of the 16th century, the masters of the High Renaissance - Leonardo da Vinci and Rafael Santi - personify the ideal person of that time.

In the 17th century the main criterion of artistry becomes the material world, perceived through the senses. In the portrait, imitation of reality replaced the incomprehensibility and inexplicability of a person’s mental manifestations and his diverse spiritual impulses. The charm of soft velvet and airy silk, fluffy fur and fragile glass, soft, matte leather and sparkling hard metal is conveyed at this time with the highest skill.

Among the famous portrait masterpieces of that time is “The Lute Player” Michelangelo da Caravaggio(1573-1610), in which the artist develops a motif taken from real everyday life.

At the end of the 16th century in the work of the Spanish artist ElGreco (1541 -1614) a new type of portrait emerges, which conveys the unusual inner concentration of a person, the intensity of his spiritual life, and immersion in his own inner world. To do this, the artist uses sharp lighting contrasts, original color, impetuous movements or frozen poses. The pale, elongated faces he captured with huge, dark, seemingly bottomless eyes are distinguished by their spirituality and unique beauty.

Portraits of the Great Dutchman Rembrandt(1606-1669) are not without reason considered the pinnacle of portrait art. They rightfully received the name of portraits-biographies. Rembrandt has been called the poet of suffering and compassion. People who are modest, needy, forgotten by everyone are near and dear to him. The artist treats the “humiliated and insulted” with special love. In terms of the nature of his creativity, he is compared to F. Dostoevsky. His portrait-biographies reflect the complex fate of ordinary people, full of hardships and hardships, who, despite the severe trials that befell them, did not lose their human dignity and warmth.

Having barely crossed the threshold separating the 17th century. from XVIII, we will see in the portraits a different breed of people, different from their predecessors. Courtly and aristocratic culture brought to the fore the Rococo style with its sophisticated, seductive, thoughtfully languid, dreamily absent-minded images. Drawing portraits of artists AntoineWatteau (1684-1721),Francois Boucher(1703-1770) and others are light, agile, their color is full of graceful tints, and is characterized by a combination of exquisite halftones.

The search for the heroic, significant, monumental in art is connected in the 18th century. with the time of revolutionary changes. One of the ingenious sculptural portraits of world art is the monument to Peter I by the French sculptor EtienneMaurice Falconet(1716-1791), erected in St. Petersburg in 1765-1782. He is intended as an image of a genius and creator. Indomitable energy, emphasized by the rapid movement of horse and rider, is expressed in the imperious gesture of an outstretched hand, in a courageous open face, on which there is fearlessness, will, clarity of spirit.

XIX century introduced the variability of artistic tastes and the relativity of the concept of beauty into the art of portraiture. Innovative quests in painting are now directed towards a rapprochement with reality, towards the search for the diversity of images.

During the period of romanticism, a portrait is perceived as an image of the inner “I” of a person endowed with free will. Real romantic pathos appears in the portrait of F. Chopin by the French romantic artist EugeneDelacroix(1798-1863). Before us is a real psychological portrait, conveying the passion, ardor of the composer’s nature, his inner essence. The picture is filled with rapid dramatic movement. This effect is achieved by turning Chopin’s figure, the intense coloring of the painting, contrasting chiaroscuro, fast, intense strokes, and the clash of warm and cold tones.

The artistic structure of Delacroix's portrait is consonant with the music of Chopin's Etude in E major for piano. Behind it is a real image - the image of the Motherland. After all, one day, when his favorite student was playing this etude, Chopin raised his hands up with the exclamation: “Oh, my Motherland!”

Chopin's melody, genuine and powerful, was his main means of expression, his language. The power of his melody lies in the strength of its impact on the listener. It is like a developing thought, which is similar to the unfolding of the plot of a story or the content of a historically important message.

In portrait art of the XX-XXI centuries. Conditionally, two directions can be distinguished. One of them continues the classical traditions of realistic art, glorifying the beauty and greatness of Man, the other is looking for new abstract forms and ways of expressing his inner world.

F. Boucher. Concert.

· Find on the spreads of the textbook those portraits discussed in the text. Compare them with each other, identify similar and different features. Give your own interpretation of their images.

· Which portraits would you classify as traditional classical art, and which ones would you classify as abstract art? Give reasons for your opinion.

· Compare the language of different areas of portraiture. Determine the expressiveness of lines, color, color, rhythm, composition of each of them.

· Listen to musical compositions. Match the portraits with those works that are consonant with the images captured on them.

Artistic and creative task

Prepare an album, newspaper, almanac, computer presentation (optional) on the topic “The genre of portraiture in the culture of different times.” Include information about artists, sculptors, graphic artists, as well as poems, prose passages, and fragments of musical works that are consistent with the images of your portrait gallery.

Portrait in Russian art.

It is believed that the portrait is the most indisputable achievement of our national school; it is thanks to it that Russian painting has reached the level of European art. XVIII century in Russia they call it the century of the portrait. The best Russian artists painted in the portrait genre: F. Rokotov, D. Levitsky, O. Kiprensky, K. Bryullov, I. Repin, M. Vrubel and others.

In the middle of the 18th century. the portrait becomes a part of everyday life, associated with architecture, furniture, utensils, the inhabitants of the home themselves, their costumes, habits.

Thanks to the “portrait harmonies” of the Russian artist Fyodor Stepanovich Rokotov(1735-1808) a special emotional vocabulary was formed to express the viewer’s impressions: “half-flickering, half-burning colors”, “unsteadiness, airiness”, “mystery and mystery”, “vibration of light and color”, “poetic fragility of feelings”, “secrecy of spiritual manifestations” ", etc. In addition to technical pictorial innovations, the artist opens up new possibilities for a chamber intimate portrait in expressing the spiritual world of a person as the main criterion of his dignity. It is often believed that Rokotov endowed the models with his own spirituality.

The portrait of A. Struyskaya (1772) occupies a special place in the artist’s work. He is a striking example of the poeticization of an image through painting. The airy, transparent brushwork creates a feeling of lightness of the fabrics and bottomlessness of the background. With the help of light, Rokotov masterfully highlights the face and at the same time unites the entire composition of the portrait into a single whole. It is no coincidence that this portrait is often called the “Russian Gioconda”.

Almost a hundred years ago the poet YakovPetrovich Polonsky(1819-1898) saw among his friends a portrait of Maria Lopukhina, painted by a Russian artist VladimirLukich Borovikovsky (1787-1825).

By that time the portrait was also almost a hundred years old. The poet remained thoughtful for a long time in front of a small canvas. He knew practically nothing about this woman. I only knew that for some reason her life had turned out unhappily and that she died very young. The poet thought: “What a miracle painting is! Everyone would have forgotten this beautiful Lopukhina a long time ago if it were not for the painter’s brush. . ." And poems began to form in his head:

She passed a long time ago - and those eyes are no longer there

And that smile that was silently expressed

Suffering is the shadow of love and thought is the shadow of sadness.

But Borovikovsky saved her beauty.

So, part of her soul did not fly away from us.

And there will be this look and this beauty of the body

To attract indifferent offspring to her,

Teaching him to love, suffer, forgive, dream...

That's why we remember Lopukhina because it was written by Borovikovsky. And if we didn’t know who was depicted in the portrait, would we like it less or touch it less? Of course not! That is why this portrait will forever excite me, because the artist created a beautiful image of a woman of sad and bright beauty, a pure and gentle soul.

Love painting, poets! Only she, the only one, is given the Soul of a changeable sign to transfer to the canvas.

Do you remember how, from the darkness of the past, barely wrapped in satin, Struyskaya again looked at us from Rokotov’s portrait?

Her eyes are like two fogs, Half smile, half cry, Her eyes are like two deceptions, Covered in the mist of failure.

A combination of two riddles, Half-delight, half-fear, A fit of insane tenderness, Anticipation of mortal torment.

When darkness comes and a thunderstorm approaches, Her beautiful eyes flicker from the bottom of my soul.

· Select musical works by Russian composers (romances, chamber instrumental music), which can be used as a background that promotes a deeper perception of portraiture.

· Compare the artistic features of the portraits of Rokotov and Borovikovsky with the features of the famous portrait of Leonardo da Vinci “La Gioconda”. What makes them similar, what makes them different?

· Find epithets, metaphors, comparisons in the text of the poem. How do they enhance the perception of A. Struyskaya’s image?

Portraits of our great compatriots

The portrait genre occupies a significant place in the work of the Russian artist IlyaEfimovich Repin (1844-1930). Turning to the portrait gallery of this artist gives modern viewers the opportunity to learn about his many creative connections with figures of Russian science, culture, and art - scientists, writers, painters, musicians, philanthropists who contributed to the cultural heritage of Russia.

Famous people in the portraits are depicted by Repin in different states of mind: dreamy contemplation (composer A. Borodin), active action (composer, pianist, conductor, founder of the St. Petersburg Conservatory A. Rubinstein), calm reflection (writer L. Tolstoy), deep thought (collector paintings, philanthropist, creator of the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery P. Tretyakov).

In each portrait, the painter depicts his heroes with those objects that form the essence of their professional activity - a writer with a book in his hands, a performing musician at the conductor’s stand, the creator of an art collection surrounded by paintings. This tradition also took place in portraits of the 18th century.

· Look at pictures of people. Determine at what time they were created, what personality traits (appearance, character traits, hobbies, social affiliation, etc.) the artists sought to emphasize in them. What means of expression helped you understand this?

· Listen to two fragments from the works of A. Borodin - “Nocturne” from String Quartet No. 2, an exposition of Symphony No. 2 (“Bogatyrskaya”). Which of these fragments is consistent with the portrait of the composer? Find common means of expressiveness between portraits and music.

· Look at the portrait of A. Rubinstein. Make a guess which work he is conducting that is familiar to you.

· Listen to the introduction to the opera “Khovanshchina” by M. Mussorgsky - “Dawn on the Moscow River”. What features of the development of this musical picture need to be emphasized by the performing conductor?

· Take a closer look at the portrait of the writer L. Tolstoy. What emotional state is conveyed by the artist?

· Read an excerpt from L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” (scene of Sonya and Natasha) as a dialogue, role-playing. What character traits of the heroines does the writer reveal? Which sphere of social life at the beginning of the 19th century? (war? peace?) describes?

· What knowledge does acquaintance with various works of art enrich you with - a pictorial portrait, a literary text?

Artistic and creative task

Draw sketches of costumes, scenery, and select a musical background for this scene.

How the gallery began.

Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov... walked from room to room, wondering where to place his new acquisitions. The office is jam-packed. Opposite the windows is “Princess Tarakanova”, above the large sofa is “Prisoners’ Rest”, above the corner one, along one wall is “Hunters”. In the wide partition there are “Fisherman” and “Wanderer” also by Perov. No, there was clearly no place to hang it in the living room. Pavel Mikhailovich again went to the dining room and finally, with difficulty, chose a place. While hanging the pictures, he said, sighing:

· It’s cramped, so cramped!

“Stop buying,” Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky, who came with Sonya to visit his relatives, squinted slyly.

Pavel Mikhailovich turned around and silently gave him an indignant look. The architect smiled disarmingly in response and calmly, cheerfully advised:

· Then build a room.

Tretyakov left the paintings and looked at them

· Do you think? I think so myself. It’s been a long time,” he said, after a pause, “Will you take on the project?”

He came out into the air... and plunged into the dense shadow of the pear orchard. Tretyakov was infinitely sorry to destroy this glorious corner of the garden. But its place already belonged to the gallery.

There's nothing to put off, Sasha. It's time to start. Just be a friend and be careful with the pears.

· Read an excerpt from N. Nenarokov’s book “Honorary Citizen of Moscow.”

· Look at the portrait of P. Tretyakov by I. Repin. What, in your opinion, is the commonality between the images of the picture and the story?

Musical portrait.

It is interesting to compare the features of recreating a person’s appearance in literature, fine arts, and music.

In music there cannot be a resemblance to a specific person, but at the same time it is no coincidence that it is said that “a person is hidden in intonation.” Since music is a temporary art (it unfolds and develops over time), it, like lyrical poetry, is subject to the embodiment of emotional states and human experiences with all their changes.

The word “portrait” in relation to the art of music, especially instrumental non-program music, is a metaphor. At the same time, sound recording, as well as the synthesis of music with words, stage action and extra-musical associations expand its capabilities. Expressing the feelings and moods of a person, embodying his various states, the nature of movement, music can evoke visual analogies that allow us to imagine what kind of person is in front of us.

The character's intonation more clearly reproduces the external signs and manifestations of a person in life: age, gender, temperament, character, unique manner of speaking, moving, national characteristics. All this is embodied in music, and we seem to see a person.

Character, lyrical hero, storyteller, narrator - these concepts are important not only in a literary work, but also in a musical one. They are necessary for understanding the content of program music, music for the theater - opera, ballet, as well as instrumental and symphonic music.

The character's intonation more clearly reproduces the external signs and manifestations of a person in life: age, gender, temperament, character, unique manner of speaking, moving, national characteristics. All this is embodied in music, and we seem to see a person. “Mozart’s themes are like an expressive face... You could write a whole book about female images in Mozart’s instrumental music” (V. Medushevsky).

· Listen to excerpts from works by different composers: V.-A. Mozart and S. Prokofiev, A. Borodin and B. Tishchenko, J. Bizet and R. Shchedrin, A. Schnittke and V. Kikty. What portraits of people did you “see” in music? What means of expression give you the opportunity to present the characteristics of the characters and characters?

Make sketches of portraits of characters from your favorite musical compositions and give them a verbal description.

Alexander Nevskiy

Prince Alexander Nevsky (12201263) was born in the city. Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Alexander's adolescence and youth were spent in Novgorod. At the age of twenty, Prince Alexander won a victory on the Neva over a strong enemy - the Swedes, for which the people nicknamed him Alexander Nevsky. In 1242, the famous Battle of the Ice took place on the ice of Lake Peipsi, in which the army of Alexander Nevsky defeated the German crusading knights. In the “Tale of the Life and Courage of the Blessed and Grand Duke Alexander,” which was written in the 80s of the 13th century, when his veneration as a saint began, it is said:

“Alexander... entered the church of St. Sophia and began to pray with tears: “Glorious, righteous God, great, strong God, eternal God, who created heaven and earth and set boundaries for peoples, you commanded to live without transgressing other people’s borders. Judge “O Lord, protect those who offend me and protect them from those who fight me, take a weapon and a shield and stand up to help me.” The prince, leaving the church, dried his tears and began to encourage his squad, saying: “God is not in power, but in truth.” For 20 years, the prince, trying to revive the former glory of Rus', went to bow to the khans of the Golden Horde and paid them an annual tribute. After the death of his father, Alexander became the Grand Duke of Vladimir. In 1263, after another trip to the Horde, the prince fell seriously ill and soon died. People said that he was poisoned. The prince was buried in Vladimir. In 1710, by decree of Peter I, the incorruptible relics of Alexander Nevsky were transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. At the same time, the Order of Alexander Nevsky was established. During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), this order again became a military award. The day of veneration of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky is December 6. The Russian people carefully preserve the memory of Alexander Nevsky. His image is captured in various works of art - literature, music, painting, sculpture, cinema.

Internet competition “Name of Russia – 2008”.

· Look at the paintings, monument, icon, image of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, dedicated to Alexander Nevsky - the saint of the Russian land. What kind of person is this? How does he appear to us? What character traits are you endowed with?

· What kind of music should be used to portray the image of a prince in order to imagine just such a person? Give reasons for your opinion.

· Listen to fragments from S. Prokofiev’s cantata “Alexander Nevsky”, watch episodes from S. Eisenstein’s film of the same name. By what means did the director and composer manage to evoke in us an idea of ​​the character and appearance of the main character?

Portrait of the composer in literature and cinema

The portrait of any cultural and artistic figure is created primarily by his works: music, paintings, sculptures, etc., as well as his letters, memoirs of contemporaries and works of art about him that arose in subsequent eras.

“Mozart’s Universe” is the name of one of the books about life and work Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart(1756-1799), Austrian composer, author of immortal musical works - Symphony No. 40, “Little Night Serenade”, “Rondo in the Turkish Style”, “Requiem”. Why is Mozart's music compared to the Universe? Apparently, because it reveals various phenomena of life, its eternal themes: good and evil, love and hate, life and death, the beautiful and the ugly. Contrasts of images and situations constitute the main driving force...

· Listen to fragments of works by Mozart that you are familiar with.

· What feelings expressed in Mozart’s music are consonant with the feelings of the modern listener?

· Listen to a modern adaptation of one of Mozart's works. Why do famous performers turn to creative interpretations of Mozart's music?

· Read literary works in which an image-portrait of the composer is drawn (excerpts from the novel by D. Weiss “The Sublime and the Earthly,” poems by L. Boleslavsky, V. Bokov, etc.).

Artistic and creative task

Imagine yourself in the role of director of a television show, radio play, write short comments to these essays, select visual and literary material.

...his music, which helps listeners understand his life credo: “Life is incomparably beautiful on the beloved land!”

The tragic death of Mozart at the age of 35 has given rise to many speculations about the death of the composer, who was in the prime of his creative powers. One of them is the poisoning of Mozart by his contemporary, a socially recognized court composer AntonioSalieri(1750 -1825), formed the basis of A. Pushkin’s small tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”, an opera by N. Rimsky-Korsakov, modern films and dramatic performances.

A different interpretation of the relationship between the two composers is given to the audience by film director M. Forman, the creator of the film “Amadeus”, which was awarded five Academy Awards: the distraught old man Salieri, who is rescued after a suicide attempt, tells the priest in confession about his feelings and experiences that he experienced , watching Mozart's talent blossom. The final part of the film captures the moments of the production of the opera “The Magic Flute” and the creation of “Requiem”.

· Read the little tragedy “Mozart and Salieri” by A. Pushkin. Consider the illustrations of M. Vrubel. Watch excerpts from the film "Amadeus". What features of the characters of Mozart and Salieri do these works reveal to you?

· What experience of relationships between people do you gain as a result of acquaintance with works of art?

Art as a universal way of communication

The world in the mirror of art

Art differs from other types and forms of social activity in that it is addressed to the emotional sphere of a person, which is the most capacious characteristic of individuality, to “smart emotions.” Therefore, art turns out to be the most accessible, democratic and universal form of communication between people.

Artists of different eras, depicting the reality around them, seem to send their messages to their descendants: picturesque, poetic, musical works, sculptures, palaces and temples, introducing modern people to the ideas by which they lived, to the reality in which they created and which they missed through your consciousness and your feelings.

In order to receive aesthetic pleasure from communicating with these artistic images, it is not necessary to have special knowledge of music, architecture, painting. The main thing is when meeting an artistic creation empathizing After all, a work of art achieves its goal if it makes the strings of a person’s soul sound, if it encourages him to express his own attitude to what he saw and heard. Communication with a work of art makes it possible to enter into a dialogue with a talented person from another era, who left a mark on world culture. How often do you get to communicate with extraordinary personalities in everyday life? Psychologists are well aware that sometimes a meeting with an extraordinary person can turn a life around, change one’s destiny. A meeting with a work of art can be just as significant, if, of course, understanding the language of the work allows one to enter into an information connection with its author. And then, perhaps, the inner world of a brilliant artist, writer, composer will reveal its secrets.

· Look at works of various types of fine art, architecture, listen to fragments of musical compositions. What era are their creators taking us to? What features of the language of each art form helped you understand this?

· What kind of music is in tune with each of these masterpieces of art? Why is our time and culture of today called informational?

· What information for modern man is contained in these cultural monuments?

The role of art in bringing peoples closer together

A clear confirmation of artistic communication, the internationality of the language of art, which is understandable without translation, are museums, international exhibitions fine arts, various competitions(literary, musical, ballet, theater, jazz), festivals arts

Thanks to people’s communication with outstanding works of world art of the past and present, a dialogue of cultures becomes possible. According to Academician D. Likhachev, a researcher of ancient Russian literature, “culture unites all aspects of the human personality. You cannot be cultured in one area and remain ignorant in another. The more a person is surrounded by spiritual culture, immersed in it, the more interesting it is for him to live, the more meaningful life becomes for him.”

Museums are repositories of artistic masterpieces. Museums such as the Tretyakov Gallery, the Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin (Moscow), Hermitage, Russian Museum (St. Petersburg), Louvre, Museum of Modern Art (Paris, France), Prado Museum (Madrid, Spain), National Art Gallery (Dresden,

Germany), British Museum (London, England), etc.

Thanks to the educational activities of these museums, the booklets and albums they publish, and the travel of their exhibits to different countries and continents, connoisseurs and art lovers can admire such cultural masterpieces as the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Raphael’s “Sistine Madonna,” and “Girl on a Ball” by P. Picasso, “Golden Autumn” by I. Levitan and others.

In 2008, in Seoul (South Korea), based on computer technology, it was created virtual gallery masterpieces in high-tech style (English: hightechnology, hightech, hi-tech). This style, which uses new materials and compositions, emerged in architecture and design in the 80s. XX century Later, its features began to appear in other areas of artistic creativity.

In this gallery, viewers can communicate with the characters of more than 20 paintings and sculptures, including “The Last Supper”, “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci, “The Death of Pompeii” by K. Bryullov, “Discobolus” by Miron, etc. Viewers can ask them questions , to see what they were doing a moment before they were depicted by an artist or sculptor, to observe their movements in space.

· Look at reproductions of paintings, photographs of sculptures, architectural monuments in the textbook. Choose one of them that caught your attention. With the help of what features of language and composition were these images created?

· What aesthetic and moral value do these masterpieces represent for viewers of the 21st century?

· What museums, art galleries, exhibitions, architectural monuments are there in your city, town, village? What do you know about their exhibits and their history?

Artistic and creative task

Imagine yourself as a tour guide (around a museum, city) and prepare a story about one of the most significant cultural sites in your region.

International competitions, festivals, projects are an important means of communication. Concerts of outstanding performers (instrumentalists, orchestras, conductors, vocalists), festivals of folk, pop, jazz, rock ensembles often become cultural events in the life of countries and peoples.

For more than 50 years (since 1957), the International Tchaikovsky Competition, which brings together hundreds of young musicians of various nationalities, has attracted the attention of the entire artistic world. Among the winners of the competition are Russians, Americans, British, Chinese, Japanese, and French. And the listening audience covers almost all nationalities and cultures of the world. The performances of the contestants are listened to in the concert hall, they are broadcast on radio, television, and the Internet. All this is a clear manifestation of the universality of the language of musical communication, which has acquired international significance.

In each nomination of the competition, a mandatory composition by P. Tchaikovsky is offered for performance, which is played by musicians admitted to participate in the third and final round. Such works include the famous Concerto No. 1 for piano and orchestra. This music is a kind of calling card of the competition. Its life-affirming power seems to convince all people that true art is eternal. Laureate of the First Competition named after. The young American pianist Van Cliburn became P.I. Tchaikovsky.

At the end of the last century (1994), the Union of Theater Workers established the theater festival and the national Golden Mask award. The first Golden Mask was awarded for achievements only in the field of dramatic theater. Later, this prize began to be awarded in the field of musical theater. Its laureate in this nomination was the conductor and director of the New Opera Theater Evgeny Kolobov. The first “Golden Mask” in the category “For Honor and Dignity” was awarded to the legendary ballerina Galina Ulanova.

In 2000, the Kultura TV channel created a unique project - the International Television Competition for Young...

· Listen to works by P. Tchaikovsky performed by the winners of the competition. Determine their emotional structure and means of musical expression. What thoughts and artistic associations does this music evoke in you?

· Find information about competitions of various thematic areas. Consider the competition logos. What symbolism do they reflect?

Artistic and creative tasks

Prepare questions for one of the imaginary competition participants and interview him. Pay attention to the communicative function of art, to the fact that artistic language is understandable to everyone without translation.

... musicians "The Nutcracker". This is the only children's competition in the field of academic music, which gives gifted children the opportunity to perform in front of an audience of millions and take the first serious step towards professional success and recognition. Many laureates of the Nutcracker competition subsequently become winners of other prestigious musical competitions.

A wide panorama of children's international competitions - the festival-competition of children's and youth creativity "Open Europe", the competition "Young Ballet of the World", the competition of choreographic groups "Petersburg Snowstorm", the children's drawing competition, the world Delphic Games, the competition of performers of the popular song "Children's New Wave" etc. - indicates great attention to identifying the creative talents of young people.

International projects in which creative personalities from different countries of the world combine their efforts are becoming widespread in contemporary art.

Projects of this kind include the world-famous performances of the three great tenors (“The Three Tenors”): the Italian Luciano Pavarotti, the Spaniards Placido Domingo and Jose Carreras, who performed both classical music and arrangements of works of popular contemporary music.

An interesting phenomenon in the world of modern pop music has become the vocal quartet “IlDivo” (“Divo”), which performs both popular hits and opera arias that are well known to the general public.

The Eurovision singing competition is very popular among young people.

· Listen to musical works performed by three tenors (L. Pavarotti, P. Domingo, J. Carreras). What feelings, emotions, thoughts do these works evoke in you?

· What idea is popularized by performers from different countries? How does classical and contemporary art promote communication between people from different countries and different nationalities?

The art of literary translation is the art of communication

A major contribution to the dissemination of literary monuments is the activity of translators of prose and poetry. A. Pushkin called translators “post horses of enlightenment.” You have probably read M. Lermontov’s famous poem “From Goethe” (“Mountain Peaks”), listened to numerous romances by Russian composers created based on this poetic text. But have you ever thought that this poem is not a figment of the creative imagination of a Russian poet, but only a brilliant translation of a poem by a German poet of the 19th century? I.-V. Goethe?

Mountain peaks Sleep in the darkness of the night; The quiet valleys are full of fresh darkness;

The road does not gather dust, the leaves do not tremble... Wait a little, You too will rest.

Thanks to the work of translators, poems, stories, novels of Russian writers and poets - A. Pushkin and N. Gogol, L. Tolstoy and A. Chekhov, S. Yesenin and V. Astafiev - are read abroad. And we can be sad and laugh, sympathize and be indignant, be surprised and delighted, love and hate, reading the works of W. Shakespeare and Moliere, D. London and A. Dumas, M. Twain and A. Conan Doyle.

· What idea did the poet want to convey to the reader in this lyrical landscape poem? What emotional state does the poet convey to readers? How does the state of nature in this poem affect a person’s feelings and thoughts?

· Listen to two romances by Russian composers composed for this poem - A. Varlamov and A. Rubinstein. Find the difference in the interpretation of the poem by composers.

Compare the language of a poem, a picturesque landscape, romances. Find similarities and differences in the features of language in conveying the content of these works of art.

Let us turn to the love lyrics of the English poet, playwright, writer of the Renaissance William Shakespeare(1564-1616) - Sonnet No. 90 as interpreted by two different translators.

If you stop loving - so now,

Now that the whole world is at odds with me.

Be the most bitter of my losses,

But not the last drop of grief!

And if grief is given to me to overcome,

Don't strike from an ambush.

May the stormy night not be resolved

A rainy morning is a morning without joy.

Leave me, but not at the last moment,

When small troubles make me weak.

Leave it now so that I can immediately comprehend

That this grief is more painful than all adversities,

That there are no adversities, but only one misfortune -

Your love will be lost forever.

Translation by S. Marshak

Well, hate as much as you want! But now,

Now, when the sky threatens me with malice.

Bend me, uniting with fate,

But as long as your blow is not the last.

Ah, if I overcome evil with my heart,

Report to his place immediately.

So that it doesn't come after a stormy night

With the rains in the morning, complete the betrayal.

And leave! But not then

When all the troubles have played out on me.

Leave now so that the first trouble

She was more terrible than all those sent by fate

And after the cruelest of losses

Others will become a hundred times lighter.

Translation by A. Finkel

· Compare the content and emotional structure of the two translations. Find what they have in common and what is different. Which translation did you like best? Why?

· Listen to two musical versions of Sonnet No. 90 - D. Kabalevsky and B. Gorbonos (translation by S. Marshak). How did the music you listened make you feel? What is the difference between the reading of the sonnet text by composers and performers?

Which of the performance interpretations can be classified as a genre of serious music, and which - as light? Thanks to what means of musical expression were you able to determine whether these compositions belonged to a particular genre? In what interpretation did you hear a complete fusion of words and music?

How does art convey a message?

Today cultural phenomena are considered as texts. Let's try to figure out what it is and what art has to do with it.

It is clear that works of literature are texts, but can paintings or musical compositions be texts? It turns out yes!

Creators of different eras, creating their works (musical, painting, architectural, etc.) convey certain messages. Listeners, viewers, readers, perceiving them, “read” the multi-valued information contained in artistic images. Thus, they become familiar with the ideas that their creators lived by, with the reality that surrounded them, and which the authors passed through their consciousness and their feelings.

For example, looking at the famous painting by V. Tropinin “The Guitarist”, the viewer seems to read its contents and experience the situation that is depicted on the canvas. He sees an amateur musician playing the guitar, an instrument popular in Russian urban life in the 19th century.

For a guitarist, it doesn’t matter what impression he makes on his listeners, and at the same time on the audience. He is dressed casually and at home. Most likely, he plays music for himself or for a close friend. It seems that it sounds like one of the famous romances or instrumental pieces of that time.

Oh, at least talk to me,

Seven-string friend!

The soul is full of such longing,

And the night is so moonlit!

Over there one star is burning

So bright and painful

The sun's rays are moving

Teasing her sarcastically.

What does she need from her heart?

After all, she knows without it

What is the longing for her long days

My whole life is chained.

A. Grigoriev

The guitar is one of the most common stringed musical instruments in the world. It is used both as a solo classical instrument and as an accompanying instrument in many musical styles, such as blues, country, flamenco, rock music and many forms of pop music. In the 20th century The electric guitar was invented, which had a certain influence on the development of mass culture. At all times, many original works were composed for the guitar by N. Paganini, M. de Falla, E. Vila-Lobos, A. Sihra, A. Ivanov-Kramskoy, V. Zinchuk and others. You will often encounter this popular instrument in painting, and in poetry.

Guitar

The guitar starts crying.

The cup of the morning breaks.

The guitar starts crying.

Oh, don't expect silence from her,

don't ask her for silence!

The guitar is constantly crying,

like water through the canals it cries,

like the winds over the snow - she cries,

don't beg her to remain silent!

So the sunset cries for the dawn,

like an arrow crying without a target,

So the hot sand cries for the cool beauty of camellias.

This is how a bird says goodbye to life under the threat of a snake’s sting.

Oh, guitar, poor victim of five nimble daggers!

G. Lorca Translation by M. Tsvetaeva

· Listen to one of the famous romances of the 19th century. What thoughts do artistic images created two centuries ago evoke in you? Are they in tune with your feelings and experiences?

· How do impressions differ from different types of information: from a report in a newspaper or magazine about a concert that took place and from the works of music, fine art, and poetry you perceived?

· What time do these poems and paintings create?

· What music styles and genres are consonant with these works of art?

Art is a conductor of spiritual energy.

What is the specificity artisticcommunications? Works of art - both paintings and musical compositions - create the effect of presence, our direct contact, communication with the authors, performers, and heroes of the work.

Each art has its own special language, therefore, the meaning of the work is more fully revealed to those who speak the language in which it is “written.” Does a person far from art need knowledge of its languages? Today scientists say it is simply necessary. And they even prove that the survival of humanity depends on it!

Art is a channel of communication not only between individuals, but also between peoples, eras, cities, and countries. This means that the languages ​​of art serve communication.

How does art convey a message? Let's look at this by analogy with a regular message written in the form of a letter. The senders of messages in art are the artist, composer, writer, and the recipient is the viewer, reader, listener. But if in a written or oral message the code (or cipher) is the natural language in which people of a particular nationality communicate, then in the message contained in a work of art, such a code becomes the language of art, its symbols, international in nature.

The special power of art lies not only in the fact that it conveys information to us, but also in what is perhaps even more important: it is conductorspiritual energy. Art has a beneficial effect on human emotions: it inspires, inspires hope, and makes one empathize.

The images that arise in a person’s mind when perceiving, for example, a musical composition or a work of fine art, will be their own, individual. Each person, based on the intonation structure of a musical composition, composition, color of a particular picture, can interpret them in his own way, from the standpoint of the figurative and artistic ideas and associations that have arisen in him. But despite the possible divergence of the images of the listener or viewer’s perception, the work of art does not lose the power of its artistic impact.

· What are the specifics of art and what are its features as a way of communication?

· Compare two examples (messages): one from mathematics, the other from the field of art. What information does each of them convey? Give reasons for your opinion.

Signs and symbols of art

A symbol is an object, action, etc., revealing an image, concept, idea. The symbol embodies experiences and ideas common to people. A symbol is a synthesis of a sign and an image.

Signs are generally accepted symbols for objects, phenomena, and actions. Examples of signs include road signs or symbols on geographical maps, sound signals - SOS or ambulance siren, a variety of gestures, etc.

Since primitive times, various types of images (sculptural, pictorial, graphic) were sign and symbolic codes that were used by ancient people to carry out rituals, preserve and transmit information. Any significant sound, gesture, thing, event can be either a sign or a symbol.

Art speaks language to people characters. A symbol in art is an artistic image that embodies an idea. A symbol, like a riddle, has multiple meanings; its meanings can be revealed indefinitely, unlike sign, which is understood equally by everyone. The depth of understanding of a symbol depends on a person’s ability to interpret, on his erudition and intuition.

Musical art speaks to us in the language of sounds and is filled with secrets. With amazing variety and depth, through a system of signs and symbols, music expresses the richest world of human feelings. Even a single sound, taking into account all its aspects - height, duration, timbre, volume - is a sign-intonation. It can indicate timidity or confidence, constraint or freedom, tenderness or rudeness. We can also talk about plastic signs that reproduce a gesture or movement.

There is always a desire to create in the human character - the need to explore, invent, build, solve complex, intricate problems. One of these problems was the scientific idea of ​​​​creating a perpetual motion machine (perpetuum mobile). His invention would have a huge impact on the development of the world economy. And only music, as a temporary art, can embody the image of “perpetual motion”. Its symbol was the instrumental pieces “RegreSit mobile” (“Perpetual Motion”) by various composers: N. Paganini, F. Mendelssohn, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, etc.

A musical sign that becomes a symbol can be called the motif of fate - the grain-intonation from which the entire Symphony No. 5 of L. Beethoven grows. And there are many such examples in musical art. National anthems are musical symbols that embody the unity of the people, their culture, and pride in their country.

There have been eras in history when people especially often turned to symbols in art. An example is medieval Christian art. In the Middle Ages, man's aspiration to God was of particular interest. Therefore, the things that surrounded a person interested the artist only to the extent that they were connected with the meaning of the Holy Scriptures. Many medieval paintings depict a cup, grapes (wine) and bread - symbols of the sacrament of communion; Lily or iris flowers are a symbol of the Mother of God.

The choice of coloring and color is also symbolic: red-brown was a symbol of everything earthly (clay, earth); red is the color of shed sacrificial blood, the fire of faith; blue or blue symbolized everything heavenly and holy; and green is the color of hope, the color of life, a symbol of consolation, rebirth to a new life.

Since the 15th century The things depicted in the picture are simultaneously endowed with a double meaning - religious and everyday. In the religious, the traditional divine symbolism of the Middle Ages is continued; in the everyday, the usual significance of a thing in a person’s everyday life is manifested.

Many works of the 17th century. are symbolic in nature, which is often conveyed by the objects presented in them: glasses of wine, bread, fish, withered flowers, watches, etc. Sometimes ordinary objects, unusually combined in one composition, represent figurative codes that are difficult to unravel. This is especially characteristic of the widespread in the 17th century. still life, called vanitas(vanitas - vanity of vanities) and reminding a person of the frailty of his existence. They depict skulls, candles, flowers, clocks, sheets of music and musical instruments (the sound has died, which means it has died), which are perceived as encrypted messages. Artists working in vanitas themes spoke about the futility of earthly existence, about the transience of existence. The very title of the painting “Vanity of Vanities” speaks of the frailty of earthly vanity - the pursuit of wealth, power, pleasure. In still life, the artist conveys the value of everyday life, the significance of simple things. His attitude to the world is different in that he sees and feels obvious or hidden life, which is diffused in everything that exists, in nature, in matter itself. That’s why another name for still life is stillleben(Dutch stillleven, German stilleben, English stilllife) - quiet (silent) life.

For an artist there are no “voiceless things”; for him everything is “expressive and speaking being” (M. Bakhtin).

Portraits, landscapes, still lifes, genre scenes Vincent van Gogh(1853-1890) reflect his rebellious, independent from canons and norms, lonely soul. His works are permeated with a sense of acute anxiety and confusion. The complex inner world of the artist is often revealed through symbols. Van Gogh sought to reflect the content with the help of expressive, psychologically rich colors. “I tried to express the terrible passions of man in red and green,” said the artist. The emotional intensity was intensified many times over thanks to the technique used by the master of applying paint with small dashed lines and the wave-like rhythm of their movement.

Used symbolism in his works and PabloPicasso(1881 - 1973). The characters in his still lifes were often musical instruments. Perhaps this is due to the sophistication of their forms, or perhaps to the desire to synthesize painting and music.

Still life (French: naturemorte - dead nature) is a genre whose characteristic feature is the depiction of household items, food, flowers, etc.

Artistic and creative task

· Select works - musical, poetic or visual arts, which, through the language of signs and symbols, would tell about some event in your life, about what left a mark in your memory, in your soul.

· Do you think these are signs or symbols? Try to interpret them first as signs and then as symbols.

· Listen to several musical compositions and look at paintings by V. Van Gogh and P. Picasso.

Artistic message from ancestors

Myths (Greek mthos - legend) are oral traditions about gods, spirits, heroes. The myth told about the origin of the Universe and man, about the origin of life and death, and performed the functions of religion, ideology, philosophy, history, and science.

Since ancient times, works of decorative and applied art have been telling about people’s ideas about the structure of the world and their place in it. Then in the human mind they connected myth- image - ritual, t. e. word - image - action.Creation and the use of the image constituted an action that combined myth and ritual. In this case, repetition of elements played an important role, which later manifested itself in the traditional art of all peoples of the world.

The human world became isolated within the surrounding earthly space and pressing life problems. Complex concepts associated with hunting were indicated by simple signs and symbols in the Paleolithic era. This is how the most ancient people expressed their vision of the picture of the world that had developed in their minds.

Rituals allowed ancient people to playfully experience situations that any of them could encounter in reality. These are a kind of behavior patterns expressed in artistic form. Participants in rites and rituals, mastering various roles, learned to perceive the world creatively.

Musical art has several sources.

Folklore- literally “folk wisdom” - a figurative model of the world, reflecting the richness of the spiritual life of the people. The earliest ritual songs were born from action, rhythm of movements, exclamations, and intonations of speech. Instrumental forms arose from music-making based on the properties of the instrument itself, combined with song intonations characteristic of the people.

Church art of Christians, the melodies on which the circle of church rituals were built were composed as “God-inspired singing,” and icons, frescoes, the service itself, inconceivable outside the temple synthesis of arts, created a certain distance between the earthly and the heavenly: the familiar, the everyday, the sensual and the ideal, high, spiritual. All further development of art in Europe during the second millennium proceeded as a rapprochement of the spiritual and secular, professional and folk. As a result of this interaction, a rich classical art arose, which not only did not exhaust itself, but also learned to reflect reality in all its diversity. Art is the spiritual experience of generations accumulated by humanity - people of the 21st century. perceived as part of life. That is why in works of various arts there are so many quotes, echoes, and imitations of what was created earlier. There is a lively dialogue between contemporary art and that which has already become a universal value.

Ritual - actions performed by a priest, healers, representatives of the church, the owner or mistress of the house, in particular: ritual of initiation into warriors, funeral ritual, religious rituals of communion, consecration of a home, magical rituals. All rituals strictly preserve the order of pronunciation of the text and the order of actions.

A rite is a detailed symbolic action, unlike a ritual, which has a more complex scenario, for example, the rite of baptism. Rituals are mainly dedicated to the seasons, economic activities

There is nothing official in the folk ritual: everything in it comes from a traditional playful action, that is, from life itself. The ritual may be accompanied by songs, round dances, dressing up, fortune telling, and theatrical performances.

Look at the images of the Snow Maiden in reproductions from paintings by I. Bilibin, V. Vasnetsov and others. Listen to how the image of the Snow Maiden is embodied in the music of N. Rimsky-Korsakov, P. Tchaikovsky. What features of this image are borrowed from pagan beliefs and rituals?

Artistic and creative task

Develop a scenario for one of the national holidays: autumn, Christmas, Maslenitsa, etc. List those signs and symbols that will reveal the meaning and content of each of them.

Conversation with a contemporary

An artist, composer, writer creates their works in the hope that they will be interesting to people. The history of art knows many examples of an artist addressing his contemporaries and descendants with a passionate appeal to prudence, goodness, and justice.

Great Russian icon painter AndreyRublev(about 1340/1350 - 1430) left people a wonderful icon of the Trinity, the fame of which resounds throughout the world.

Art lesson. Kornienko E.G., teacher of the highest category, MBOU Secondary School No. 4.

Stages of a training session.

1. Organizational moment.

2. Preparing students for active, conscious assimilation of new educational material.

Pushkin also called art a “magic crystal”, through the facets of which the people, objects and phenomena of everyday life around us are seen in a new way.

Worksheet. Task No. 1.

Nature and art in life are inseparable from one another. Nature has been part of every person’s life since childhood and forever. Artists, poets, and composers often glorify the beauty of the nature of their native land and create wonderful pictures about nature.

Let's think together about the place nature occupies in human life.

Worksheet. Task No. 2.

Lesson topic: Landscape - poetic and musical painting.

Purpose of the lesson: We will talk about the beautiful world of nature in painting, literature and music.

3. Assimilation of new knowledge.

The simple beauty of the Central Russian strip did not attract the attention of artists for a long time. Boring, monotonous flat landscapes, gray skies, spring thaw or summer grass withered by the heat... What's poetic about this?

Russian artists of the 19th century A. Savrasov, I Levitan and others rediscovered the beauty of their native land.

Worksheet. Task No. 3.

In the paintings we see landscapes and perceive them through vision. And in literature, when reading a text, we imagine the landscape according to its description. One of the outstanding landscape painters was the poet Nikolai Rubtsov.

I live near an empty temple,
On the steep bank,
And the city panorama
Everything is open in front of me.
Landscape changing appearance
I can see everything from the outside
In all its mysterious grandeur
Its deep antiquity.

(The poet conveys in verse his reverent attitude towards his native land and we vividly imagine the place he describes).

Worksheet. Task No. 4.

Presentation.

Worksheet. Task No. 5.

“...Thanks to works of art - literary, musical, picturesque - nature appears before readers, listeners, spectators, always different: majestic, sad, tender, jubilant, mourning, touching. These images continue to attract a person, touching the subtlest strings of his soul, help him touch the unique beauty of his native nature, see the unusual in what is familiar and everyday, give everyone the opportunity to develop a sense of belonging to their native land, to their father’s home...”

Worksheet. Reflection.

Homework: Textbook p.25 and p.27 Complete an artistic and creative task of your choice.

Appendix: Worksheets. Presentation. Music by P.I. Tchaikovsky.

"Worksheet option 2"

Option 2

Worksheet ______________________________

Task No. 1 Crossword.

Task No. 2Write your answer in a diagram.

What does a person get from nature?

Task No. 3Art history text.

(See textbook p.25)

I.I. Levitan "Lake. Rus". This is the main work of the late painter. The artist never completed this creation because he died. But even in this unfinished form, the picture makes a simply grandiose impression on all viewers. A sunny day, its incredible freshness and special brightness, are conveyed with a special spontaneity that is almost impressionistic. The viewer sees magnificent golden clouds floating across the sky, fancifully reflected in the lake. On the shore you can see bright white bell towers, lush green meadows, and autumn trees. All this fills us with faith that a very joyful and certainly good future awaits Russia.

Levitan's painting is a kind of synthesis of all the artist's observations and impressions of the nature of his land.

The artist worked on this canvas for an incredibly long time and, most importantly, with inspiration. For him he made many studies and sketches. Very often he went to the lakes in the Tver province, which became the basis for his masterpiece.

Levitan masterfully combines the colors of summer with a riot of shades of autumn nature. The artist’s idea is that this is exactly what nature should be like in its rather rare moments of true happiness. The viewer is presented with an incredibly romantic picture that sounds like a lyrical song.

It is important that the sky is not just the background of the picture. There is an irresistible feeling that the clouds are the most expressive part of this grandiose landscape.

The space is covered on such a large scale that a truly panorama is created. The clouds move, enhancing this incredible breadth.

All the colors of the picture are unusually bright and pure. The clouds are far from just white. They are slightly purple and slightly yellowish where the sun hits them.

Task No. 4

I love the autumn forest so much, Oh, rural views! Oh, wonderful happiness to be born

Above him is the radiance of heaven In the meadows, like an Angel, under the dome of blue skies!

That I would like to turn into I am afraid, afraid, like a free strong bird,

Or into a crimson quiet leaf, Break your wings and see no more miracles!

Or in the rainy autumn whistle...

Task No. 5

red

yellow

orange -

green

blue

violet

Reflection

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"Worksheet"

Option 1

Worksheet ___________________________________

Subject:___________________________________________________________________________

Task No. 1 Crossword.

A genre of fine art that depicts a human face or figure.

A public facility for storing works of art.

Art, the medium of which is sound.

The art of designing and constructing buildings and structures.

A type of art that is created using a brush and paints.

Task No. 2Write your answer in a diagram.

What does a person get from nature?

Task No. 3Art history text.

Underline the words and phrases that help answer the question.

(See textbook p.25)

A.K. Savrasov “The Rooks Have Arrived.” The motif of the painting is unpretentious and simple. Using simple visual means, the artist showed the miracle of the awakening of nature, the enchanting attractiveness of early spring.

The canvas depicts the outskirts of a small village. Cloudy spring day. The air is quiet, transparent and fresh. Light, loose clouds float across the grayish sky. The snow has not yet completely melted; warm steam rises from the ground.

Behind the plank fence are peasant huts, a church and a bell tower with a peeling roof, and even further away are arable fields with white spots of unmelted snow. On the outskirts of the village, on a hill, there are several gnarled birch trees. Among their naked branches, rooks fly, fussing and noisy, making new nests, renewing old ones...

The painting “The Rooks Have Arrived” is executed in pastel, muted colors. Everything in the picture - the brown thawed patches in the snow, the bluish smoke smoking over the roof of a peasant's hut, and the wet trunks of crooked birch trees - is filled with endless lyricism and poetry. The man who created this picture, of course, not only loved nature - he understood its secret language. Her subtle state, familiar to the heart of every person, is conveyed with amazing clarity - the state of renewal inherent in early spring. And the rooks in the picture are like harbingers of spring renewal.

Task No. 4Match reproductions of artists’ paintings to N. Rubtsov’s poems. Justify your choice.

I love when the birches rustle, I love your huts and flowers

When the leaves fall from the birches and the skies are burning with heat,

I listen, and tears come and the whispering of willows by the muddy water

On eyes weaned from tears... I love you forever, until eternal peace...

Task No. 5Express in colors the mood conveyed in the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky "Seasons".

The effect of colors is also determined by the associations that the colors evoke. In the visual arts it is generally accepted that:

red- warming, revitalizing, active, energetic;

yellow- warm, invigorating, cheerful, attractive;

orange -cheerful, joyful, fiery, kind;

green- calm, pleasant and peaceful mood;

blue- serious, sad, sentimental, sad, calm;

violet- pleasant, full of life, melancholy, sadness.

ReflectionComplete some of the sentences.

The most interesting thing in the lesson today was _____________________________________

The most difficult thing for me today was _______________________________________

Today I realized_______________________________________________________________

Today I learned ______________________________________________________________

Today I thought ____________________________________________________________

For the future I need to keep in mind _____________________________________________________

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"LESSON"

Topic: Landscape – poetic and musical painting.

Objectives: to give an idea of ​​the genre of landscape in different types of art (painting, music); formation of skills in the analysis of works of art; development of students' visual competence based on works of painting and music; nurturing interest in the arts.

Formation of UUD: personal – development of an emotional and conscious attitude towards nature through familiarity with artistic images that embody it; cognitive - the desire to obtain new knowledge, sensory sensations about the beauty of the surrounding nature; communicative - the ability to enter into dialogue with the creators of artistic landscapes, express one’s attitude to their content in meaningful speech statements, regulatory - self-regulation of efforts, volitional qualities when performing educational tasks, searching for ways to achieve quality work; subject - searching and storing information necessary to master the topic of the lesson.

During the classes:

Org. moment.

Setting lesson goals.

Today in the lesson we will look at the genre of landscape in different types of art, analyze works of a pictorial, musical, literary nature and find out what the role of landscape is in works of various types of art.

III. Formation of new knowledge.

1. Let's remember what a landscape is? (image of nature).

What types of landscape do you remember? (urban, rural, marina, landscape in portrait, etc.)

For a long time, the simple beauty of the Central Russian strip did not attract the attention of Russian artists. Boring, monotonous flat landscapes, gray skies, spring thaw or summer grass withered by the heat...

- What's poetic about this?

Russian artists of the 19th century. A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, I. Shishkin and others discovered the beauty of their native land. People, as if for the first time, saw in their paintings both the transparent spring air and the reviving birch trees filled with spring sap; We heard the cheerful, hopeful, joyful hubbub of birds. And the sky doesn’t seem so gray and joyless, and the spring dirt is soothing and pleasing to the eye. It turns out that this is what Russian nature is like - gentle, thoughtful, touching!

It is thanks to the pictureAlexey Kondratievich Savrasov(1830-1897) “The rooks have arrived”, Russian artists felt the songfulness of Russian nature, and Russian composers felt the landscape nature of Russian folk song.

Let's look at the paintings by Savrasov “The Rooks Have Arrived” and Levitan “Spring. Big Water”, “Above Eternal Peace”, “Lake. Rus".

Let's listen to a musical fragment from Vivaldi's composition "Summer".

What kind of summer did you imagine?

What musical means did the author use to depict summer (intonation, rhythm, form, etc.)

Let’s compare the musical work and Levitan’s paintings “Over Eternal Peace”, “Lake. Rus".

What means of artistic expression do artists use (color, rhythm, chiaroscuro,
etc.)?

Now let’s look at foreign fine art of the 20th century (the emergence of the “impressionism” movement).

Impressionist artists tried to capture fleeting impressions of the real world in their paintings.

An instructive and even funny story happened with the painting “Westminster Abbey” by the French impressionist artistClaude Monet(1840-1926).

Londoners, accustomed to fog, knew exactly its color - gray. And how amazed and even outraged they were when they saw Monet’s painting at the exhibition. On it they discovered that the fog blurring the outlines of the castle had a purple hue! When people went outside, they, to their surprise, discovered that the fog was actually purple! Indeed, depending on the weather, time of day, and the refraction of sunlight, fog can take on very different colors. But it was the artist who noticed and revealed this feature to everyone.

Let's look at the landscapes of impressionist artists. Tell me how the features of color, color, rhythm, composition help create various images of nature captured on these canvases. (learn the answers).

How do you understand the words of the Russian poet I. Bunin?

No, it’s not the landscape that attracts me,

It’s not the colors that the greedy gaze will notice,

And what shines in these colors:

Love and joy.

2. Work from the textbook (pp. 24-25).

Name Russian artists known to you who were attracted by the simple beauty of the Central Russian strip. (A.K. Savrasov, I.I. Levitan, I.I. Shishkin)

What kind of Russian nature did people see in their paintings? (transparent spring air; birch trees filled with spring sap; heard the joyful hubbub of birds; the sky is not so gray; spring mud, pleasing to the eye; Russian nature is gentle, thoughtful, touching)

Name the famous paintings of Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov. (“Rooks have arrived”, “Spring. Vegetable gardens”, “Oak trees”, “Winter night”, “Steppe during the day”, “Summer landscape”, “Winter”, “Losiny Island in Sokolniki”, “Spring”)

What does the word "impressionism" mean? ("impression")

Name the basic principle of the impressionist artists. (to capture fleeting impressions of the real world)

What funny story happened with Claude Monet's painting "Westminster Abbey" (Houses of Parliament in London)? (thanks to the painting Me, people discovered that depending on the weather, time of day, refraction of sunlight, the London fog can take on very different colors)

Name the famous paintings of Claude Monet. ("Water Lilies", "Rouen Cathedral", "Waterloo Bridge")

IV. Checking homework.

1). Answers on questions:

1. What did A.S. Pushkin call art? (“a magic crystal”, through the edges of which the people, objects, and phenomena of everyday life around us are seen in a new way)

2. What do people of art strive to embody at all times? (various natural phenomena, your vision of the world through feelings and experiences)

3. What is landscape? (translated from French - a view, an image of some area; this is a genre of depicting nature)

4. How do you understand the words of Antoine de Saint-Exupery “You cannot see the most important thing with your eyes, only your heart is vigilant”

5. Read with expression, using musical intonations in your voice, the poem by Nikolai Ivanovich Rylenkov “Everything in a Melting Haze.”

6. Find verbal expressions of the landscape in the text “To an Unknown Friend” by Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin. (sunny dewy morning; undiscovered earth; unknown layer of heaven; the only morning; spring songs; quiet places; dampness of black shadows, etc.)

2). Defense of reports on the topic of the lesson.

V. Lesson summary.

Homework:practical work: depict your landscape (based on what you heard and saw)