Presentation for the day of Slavic culture and writing. Scenario of an extracurricular event and presentation on the topic “Day of Slavic Writing

Annually May 24 in all Slavic countries celebrate Day of Slavic Writing and Culture

and solemnly glorify the creators

Slavic writing

Saints Cyril and Methodius - Slovenian teachers.

First Day of Slavonic Literature

in modern Russia was celebrated in 1986. The address of the holiday changed every year:

in 1986 it was Murmansk, in 1987 - Vologda, in 1988 - Novgorod, in 1989 - Kyiv, in 1990 - Minsk ...

The holiday is many-sided and varied.

He turns people

not only to the origins of writing,

but it also awakens creativity, increases civic activity, awakens national self-consciousness.

Holiday May 24 far exceeds the framework of the culture of kindred Slavic peoples, has a wide public resonance, demonstrates our spiritual closeness to the ancient Russian culture and expresses a huge creative need

in the realization of love for one's people, for one's Motherland.

In 2013 the world

celebrated 1150 years

since the emergence of Slavic writing -

In the city of Pliska, the then capital of Bulgaria, the Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius announced the invention of the Slavic alphabet.

Today Russians celebrate a special holiday -

holiday of the native word, Slavic culture and Christian enlightenment.

who became the first enlighteners of Rus'.

This day began to be celebrated in Russia

from the second half of the 19th century, but according to some

reasons were forgotten.

Only since 1991, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation

and it was given the status of a public holiday, which testifies to its great significance.

The history of the creation of the alphabet

The new alphabet was named "Cyrillic"

named after one of the brothers, Constantine, who, having taken monasticism, became Cyril.

And his elder brother Methodius helped him in the charitable work of educating the Slavic peoples.

Cyril, who from an early age showed great abilities and perfectly comprehended all the sciences of his time, and also studied many languages, based on the Greek created the Slavic alphabet. He significantly changed the Greek alphabet in order to more accurately convey the Slavic sound system.

Two alphabets were created - Glagolitic and Cyrillic.

In addition, the Greek brothers translated the Gospel, the Apostle and the Psalter into Slavonic. The Day of Remembrance of these saints as the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture began to be celebrated in Bulgaria back in the 19th century, and then this tradition passed to other countries: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova. Currently, scientific forums are dedicated to this holiday, festivals, exhibitions, book fairs, poetry readings, amateur art shows, concerts and various other cultural events are held.

By the way, for the contribution of Saints Cyril and Methodius

in the culture of Europe, Pope John Paul II in 1980 declared them patrons of the Old Continent.

Memorial Day of the First Teachers of the Slavic Peoples - Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius

history of the holiday

• 1986- the revival of the holiday
• 1991- approved as a public holiday
• Every year some Russian city becomes the host of the holiday
• In all cities festivals, concerts

Slavic alphabets: Cyrillic and Glagolitic

Glagolitic

Cyrillic

In 893, the Cyrillic alphabet appeared, which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet in all Slavic countries

Cyril and Methodius "translated" the sounds of the Slavic language

on parchment

by using

that verb.

Letter styles

not preserved

Church Slavonic alphabet

Russian alphabet

The oldest book in Rus', written in Cyrillic, -

Ostromir Gospel - 1057

During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made

in the styles of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded

from the alphabet. The new alphabet has become poorer in content,

but simpler and more adapted to printing various civil business papers. That's how he got the name "civilian". In 1918, a

new alphabet reform, and Cyrillic lost

four more letters: yat, and (I), izhitsu, fitu.

"Primer in faces"

Karion Istomin

Karion Istomin - famous publisher, teacher, translator, public figure of the 17th century. Educated at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. At the Moscow Printing Yard, he worked as a scribe, reader (proofreader), referee (editor) and, finally, a publisher. He taught Greek and Latin at the typographical school. He was a court poet and teacher of the children of the royal family, like Simeon of Polotsk. For the education of the royal children (including the young Peter I), he created several educational books that have been preserved in manuscripts, including the Small Grammar. But his main merit lies in the creation "Primer in faces", those. front (illustrated) primer, work on which continued for several years.

First, a handwritten copy was prepared, painted with gold and paints, which the compiler presented in 1692 to the mother of Peter I, Tsarina Natalia Kirillovna, for her grandson, Tsarevich Alexei. Another copy of the handwritten primer was given to the cousins ​​of the tsarevich, the young daughters of Tsar Ivan Alekseevich.

At the same time, work was underway to prepare for the publication of the "Primer" for its wider distribution. But for publishing in a typographical way, the "Primer" presented certain difficulties, since it was richly illustrated. To fulfill his plan, K. Istomin attracted a famous engraver - printer Leonty Bunin, a specialist in engraving

on copper plates. He owned a mill for printing engravings from copper boards. At that time, such a camp did not even exist.

in the oldest center of Russian book printing -

at the Moscow Printing House.

The printed edition of the "Primer" was published in 1694

in the Moscow Printing House in circulation

106 copies.

The primer has 44 leaves and opens with a frontispiece, which contains text in a curly frame explaining the content and purpose of the book.

In total it has more

400 drawings. Each page ends with verses

in which the objects are also named

to the desired letter.

For example, poetry

to the letter "K".

as the texts of the books are together

with illustrations, in addition to teaching reading, expanded

student horizons.

This "Primer" is of great interest also because its compiler used the principle of visual learning following the Czech teacher Jan Amos Comenius,

whose works he was familiar with. In this "Primer",

unlike the previous ones (for example, from the alphabet of I. Fedorov), there are no syllable combinations.

Such methods are only

for more than a hundred years, in the 19th century, they were used in Russian primers. Simultaneously with learning to read, the child learned to write. Students are offered different styles of printed and lowercase letters. By copying writing samples, students learned the material better. Of the church texts, the "Primer" includes short prayers. We point out another undoubted advantage

"Primer" by K. Istomin, which reflects the progressive outlook of the compiler, - the primer is intended for teaching boys and girls -

“To those who have, learn to write to the lads and maidens, husband and wives.”

The value of the Primer also lies in its typographical execution. The publication was a significant step forward in the development of printing,

in the spread of Russian engraving on metal.

Thus, on the threshold of the 18th century, a new textbook was created, reflecting the pedagogical ideas of the Russian enlightener, new trends in Russian art of the 17th century, Western European artistic trends and encyclopedic ideas of the Russian person of the 17th century. The publication, of course, is a monument of book culture, shows the level of development of education and pedagogical thought, and is the forerunner of the development of education in the 18th century.

And dear Rus' will glorify Holy apostles of the Slavs, And, with the sweet sound of their names Saying your prayers From age to age, from generation to generation She will keep their memory!

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PRESENTATION
day of Slavic writing and culture
authors: Sofia Bolshakova, Marina Mishina, students of the 8th grade of the Bykovskaya secondary school No. 14

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The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, - Life is given only to the word: From the ancient darkness, on the world graveyard, Only the Letters sound. And we have no other property! Know how to take care of it Even to the best of your ability, in the days of anger and suffering, Our priceless gift is speech. I. Bunin

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"Cyrillic" So here they are - our origins, Floating, glowing in the twilight, Solemnly - strict lines, Cast Slavic script. So that's where, so that's where for the first time I found at the foot of the mountains Under the fiery sign of Sophia The diamond hardness of the verb. The great mystery of sound, Despised corruption and death, On the blue bends of the Dnieper, The motionless firmament rocked. And Rus' above the foamy water, Open to free winds, "I am!" - declared the Universe, "I am!" - declared for centuries.

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In 863, the word of God sounded in the Moravian cities and villages in their native, Slavic language, and not in someone else's and incomprehensible - Latin, letters, secular books were created. Slavic chronicle writing has begun!

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THE BEGINNING OF SLAVIC WRITING
Since childhood, we get used to the letters of our Russian alphabet and rarely think about when and how our writing arose. The beginning of writing is a special milestone in the history of every nation, in the history of its culture. In the depths of millennia and centuries, the names of the creators of the writing of a particular people or language family are usually lost. But Slavic writing has an absolutely amazing origin. Thanks to a number of historical testimonies, we know about the beginning of Slavic writing and about its creators - Saints Cyril and Methodius.

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The birthplace of the brothers Constantine (that was the name of St. Cyril before he became a monk) and Methodius was the Macedonian region of Byzantium, namely the main city of the region - Thessaloniki, or in Slavic Solun. The father of the future enlighteners of the Slavic peoples belonged to the highest stratum of Byzantine society. Methodius was the eldest and Constantine the youngest of his seven sons. The year of birth of each of the brothers is not exactly known. Researchers attribute the birth year of Methodius to the second decade of the 9th century.

Slide 7

Konstantin learned to read very early and surprised everyone with his ability to master other languages. He received a comprehensive education at the imperial court in Constantinople under the guidance of the best mentors in Byzantium, among whom stood out the future Patriarch Photius of Constantinople - a connoisseur of ancient culture, the creator of a unique bibliographic code known as the Myriobiblion - and Leo Grammatik - a man who surprised compatriots and foreigners with his deep learning, a connoisseur of mathematics, astronomy and mechanics.

Slide 8

“To learn without the alphabet and without books is like writing a conversation on the water,” Constantine the Philosopher answered the Byzantine emperor Michael when he invited him to go on an educational mission to the Moravian Christians. Konstantin the Philosopher compiled the alphabet for the Slavs and, together with his brother, translated the first texts from the Gospel and the Psalter. Thus, the year 863 in the history of Slavic culture is marked as the year of the creation of the Slavic alphabet, which marked the beginning of Slavic enlightenment.

Slide 9

The history of the creation of Slavic writing has one very interesting riddle. In the 9th century, two systems appeared among the Slavs almost simultaneously: one was called the Glagolitic alphabet, and the other - the Cyrillic alphabet. Which alphabet - Cyrillic or Glagolitic - was invented by Constantine the Philosopher? Many scholars tend to believe that the Glagolitic was the first Slavic alphabet. Others believe that Saint Cyril invented the Cyrillic alphabet. Perhaps the first teachers of the Slavs created both of these writing systems, but later the Cyrillic alphabet became the most widespread, which became the basis of the modern Russian alphabet. But no matter how later these questions are resolved by science, the evidence of historical sources about the brothers Cyril and Methodius, as the creators of Slavic writing and book culture, remains unchanged.

Slide 10

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He is the most prayerful in the world, He arose by the will of God, The language of our marvelous Psalter And patristic books.

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Since 1992, the celebration of the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture in our country has acquired a state character. For more than 20 years now, on May 24, processions from Moscow churches have been sent to the monument to the holy brothers on Slavyanskaya Square, and His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus' has performed a festive prayer service in honor of Saints Cyril and Methodius Equal to the Apostles.

slide 13

KOLOMNA
DMITROV
SEVASTOPOL
KYIV
SLOVAKIA
MACEDONIA
KIEV-PECHERSK LAVRA

Slide 14

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is a holiday of enlightenment, a holiday of the native word, native book, native literature, native culture. Learning various sciences in our native language, we, in the words of the ancient Russian chronicler, reap what was sown by the most ancient enlighteners of Rus', who adopted writing from the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - Saints Cyril and Methodius.

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1. Who created the Slavic alphabet? (Cyril and Methodius) 2. What year is considered the year of the emergence of Slavic writing and book business? (863) 3. Why are Cyril and Methodius called "Thessalonica brothers"? (Birthplace of brothers-enlighteners the city of Thessalonica in Macedonia) 4. What name in the world before the monastic vows did Cyril wear? (Konstantin) 5. Who was the elder brother: Cyril or Methodius? (Methodius) 6. Which of the brothers was a librarian, and who was a warrior? (Cyril is a librarian, Methodius is a military leader, like his father) 7. What was Cyril called for his intelligence and diligence? (Philosopher) 8. What city in Rus' became the center of Slavic printing and the foundation of the Cyril and Methodius Society? (Kyiv) 9. In what script were the first Slavic written monuments written? (Glagolitic) 10. What language is the oldest literary language? (Slavic) 11. Name the works of Ancient Rus' written in Old Russian. ("The Tale of Bygone Years", "Russian Truth" - a set of laws, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh", etc.) .How many letters were there in Cyrillic before Peter the Great? (43 letters)
Quiz

Slide 17

14. How many letters did the modern alphabet have after the revolution? (33 letters) 15. Who was the first printer in Rus'? (Ivan Fedorov) 16. When did his first book come out and what was it called? (in the 16th century, "The Apostle") 17. Which alphabet is older: Cyrillic or Glagolitic? (Glagolitic) 18. What letters were invented in the 18th century for sounds that did not exist in the Old Church Slavonic language? (ё, й) 19. Which Greek emperor sent the enlighteners Cyril and Methodius to Moravia? (Mikhail -III) 20. Name the great Russian scientist who created the "theory of 3 calms" (Lomonosov) 21. Which group of languages ​​does the Slavic languages ​​belong to? (Indo-European) 22. Which alphabet does the Cyrillic alphabet go back to? (To the Greek statutory letter) 23. What are the three large groups of modern Slavic languages? (East Slavic, West Slavic, South Slavic) 24. What was the name of the church manuscripts “written in Russian characters” that Konstantin saw in Korsun (Crimea)? (Gospel, Psalter) 25. Name the first dated written monument of the Old Russian language (Ostromir Gospel) 26. When were three independent languages ​​formed: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian? (In the XIII-XVI centuries)

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Memorial Day of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius.

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history of the holiday

• 1986 - the revival of the holiday
• 1991 - approved as a public holiday
• Every year some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday
• Festivals, concerts are held in all cities