Collection of ideal essays on social studies. The type of “proud person” and its embodiment in the works of Russian literature A person should be proud examples from literature

The "Legend of Larra" from Maxim Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" tells about a hero who, by his nature, is very proud, arrogant and proud. Other classical writers also addressed the theme of the “proud man” in their works.

Grigory Pechorin from M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" also, like Larra, feels his loneliness. He is indifferent to others; with his cold attitude, he hurts people who open their souls to him. So, for example, one of his "victims" becomes Bela - the girl with whom Pechorin fell in love. He kept her in the fortress, separated from her family. Bela was homesick for a long time and was cold towards Pechorin, but when her heart finally thawed, the hero loses interest in the girl. He is cruel to the feelings of others, like Larra, who calmly kills a girl who did not submit to him. Pechorin is burdened by the realization of this: “I only know that if I am the cause of the misfortune of others, then I myself am no less unhappy,” he says.

The character of the hero becomes a punishment for him, in which he is also similar to Larra. Friendship is also impossible for Pechorin: “of two friends, one is always the slave of the other, I cannot be a slave.” This shows his pride, depriving him of the opportunity to wander a friend. Thus, both heroes become loners, "exiles" and cannot find a soul mate in society.

Rodion Raskolnikov from the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky develops a theory that there are two "categories" of people: "trembling creatures" and "having the right." Raskolnikov reflects for a long time on his own role: whether he is an "ordinary" person. Wanting to test his theory, he comes to the idea of ​​the murder of an old pawnbroker, which in this case is considered a murder "in conscience." Thus, he, like Larra, puts himself above other people. For his crime, Raskolnikov pays with the most severe mental anguish, forcing him to later confess to the murder. Just as Larra goes out to people, wanting to accept death from them, so Raskolnikov comes to Porfiry Petrovich in order to receive punishment - hard labor.

Thus, the theme of the "proud man" was revealed in different ways by domestic authors.

Updated: 2019-04-23

Attention!
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and press Ctrl+Enter.
Thus, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.

Thank you for your attention.

Useful material on the topic

• In what works of Russian classics does the theme of social injustice sound, and what brings these works closer to M. Gorky's play?

In what works of Russian classics does the theme of the “proud man” sound, and in what ways are these works consonant with Gorky’s story?

We talked with him for a long time and finally saw that he considers himself the first on earth and sees nothing but himself. Everyone even became scared when they realized what kind of loneliness he doomed himself to. He had no tribe, no mother, no livestock, no wife, and he didn't want any of that. When people saw this, they again began to judge how to punish him. But now they did not speak for long, - he, the wise one, who did not interfere with their judgment, spoke himself: - Stop! There is a punishment. This is a terrible punishment; you won't invent something like that in a thousand years! His punishment is in himself! Let him go, let him be free. Here is his punishment! And then something great happened. Thunder struck from heaven, although there were no clouds on them. It was the powers of heaven that confirmed the speech of the wise. Everyone bowed and dispersed. And this young man, who now received the name Larra, which means: outcast, thrown out, the young man laughed loudly after the people who abandoned him, laughed, remaining alone, free, like his father. But his father was not a man... But this one was a man. And so he began to live, free as a bird. He came to the tribe and stole cattle, girls - whatever he wanted. They shot at him, but the arrows could not pierce his body, covered with an invisible cover of the highest punishment. He was agile, predatory, strong, cruel and did not meet people face to face. Only saw him from a distance. And for a long time, alone, he hovered around people, for a long time - more than a dozen years. But one day he came close to people and when they rushed at him, he did not budge and did not show in any way that he would defend himself. Then one of the people guessed and shouted loudly: - Do not touch him. He wants to die! And everyone stopped, not wanting to alleviate the fate of the one who did evil to them, not wanting to kill him. They stopped and laughed at him. And he trembled, hearing this laughter, and kept looking for something on his chest, clutching at it with his hands. And suddenly he rushed at the people, lifting a stone. But they, evading his blows, did not inflict a single one on him, and when he, tired, with a sad cry, fell to the ground, they stepped aside and watched him. So he stood up and, raising a knife lost by someone in the fight against him, hit himself in the chest with it. But the knife broke - they hit it like a stone. And again he fell to the ground and beat his head against it for a long time. But the ground pulled away from him, deepening from the blows of his head. He can't die! people said happily. And they left, leaving him. He lay face up and saw - high in the sky with black dots, mighty eagles swam. There was so much longing in his eyes that one could poison all the people of the world with it. So, from that time on, he was left alone, free, waiting for death. And now he walks, walks everywhere ... You see, he has already become like a shadow and will be like that forever! He doesn't understand people's speech, their actions, nothing. And he is looking for everything, walking, walking ... He has no life, and death does not smile at him. And there is no place for him among people ... That's how a man was struck for pride! The old woman sighed, fell silent, and her head, sinking to her chest, swayed strangely several times.

Show full text

The theme of the “proud man” is heard in many works of Russian classics.

So, the Tick from M. Gorky's play “At the Bottom”, along with other residents of the rooming house, drags out its existence at the very “bottom” of life. However, the hero puts himself above the rest, because he is the only one who is busy with at least some kind of grandfather. The tick is sure that he will be able to get out "into the people" as soon as his wife dies. But his plans are not destined to come true, having sold all his tools for Anna's funeral, the hero resigns himself to the idea of ​​the hopelessness of the situation in which he is, and draws closer to other residents of the rooming house.

The proud man in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky

Man is a mystery. It must be unraveled, and if you will unravel it all your life, then do not say that you have wasted time, I am engaged in this mystery, because I want to be a man.

F. M. Dostoevsky

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky believed that it is inherent in every person to create. As long as he lives, he will create, express himself. And he lived in the struggle of opinions and views, in the creation of immortal works of Russian literature. He devoted his whole life to revealing the main theme of his searches - the theme of Man. He discovered a lot of the unknown, showed a person in all sorts of collisions with life.

Dostoevsky always faced the problem of overcoming pride as the main source of disunity among people. He tries to solve this theme in every novel. It is expressed very clearly in the novels "Demons", "The Brothers Karamazov" and "Crime and Punishment".

According to the Christian worldview, the supreme evil is pride. In its purest form, pride is found at the highest level of personality, possessing significant strength and rich gifts of the spirit. Liberation from this evil is the most difficult task, usually solved only after overcoming other types of evil. From this it becomes clear why in Dostoevsky's work so much attention is paid to various manifestations of pride and all kinds of distortions of life produced by it. Even a superficial review of his most important works convinces of this. Stavrogin, Raskolnikov, Ivan Karamazov - all these are persons in whose character and fate pride plays the main role. Let us consider these heroes in order to give ourselves an idea of ​​what distortions pride introduces into the state of the individual.

Thinking over the image of Stavrogin, Dostoevsky wrote in his notebooks: “This is just a type from the root, unconsciously restless by his own typical strength, completely direct and not knowing what to base himself on. Such types from the root are often - either Stenka Razina, or Danila Filippovichi, or they reach the whole Khlystovshchina or flocks. This is an extraordinary, for them, heavy direct force, demanding and looking for something to stand on and what to take as a guide, demanding calmness from storms to the point of suffering and not being able yet not to rage until the time of calm. Such people throw themselves into monstrous deviations and experiments until they settle on such a strong idea, which is quite proportional to their immediate animal strength - an idea that is so strong that it can finally organize this force and calm it down to unctuous truth.

But Dostoevsky is interested not just in mighty power, his attention is focused on the power of the individual, torn away from God and people as a result of immense pride. His hero, the “great sinner,” is the proudest of all the proud and treats people with the greatest arrogance. In his early youth, "he is sure he will be the greatest of men." “The extraordinary pride of the boy makes it impossible for him to pity or despise the people” among whom he lives, witnessing their vicious and painful relationship to each other. Having gone through debauchery, through “feat and suffering of villainy,” Dostoevsky’s hero from pride and from immense arrogance towards people becomes meek and merciful to everyone - precisely because he is already immeasurably above everyone.

In Dostoevsky, the image of the proud sinner broke up into several varieties, realized mainly in the personalities of Stavrogin, Ivan Karamazov and Raskolnikov.

Stavrogin is a proud man, richly gifted spiritually, who set out to develop in himself an infinite strength capable of overcoming any obstacle, both external and internal. Proud self-exaltation separates him from God and from all people. He has distanced himself from God so much that he denies His existence and recognizes himself as an atheist.

Stavrogin did not bring up the gifts of his spirit, he did not put persistent work to anything and did not even learn how to correctly express his thoughts, remaining “a nobleman who did not quite learn Russian literacy, despite his European education.” And it is not surprising, having lost the supreme values, Stavrogin could not be carried away for a long time by any of the partial values ​​so much as to seriously work on it.

There is, however, one value on which Stavrogin also labored. No being can finally give up the desire for the absolute fullness of life. To create your life, filling it with rich content, means also to realize a beautiful life. The simplest formal component of beauty, strength, naturally captivates people who have not yet had time due to their youth or who are generally unable to work out the sublime content of life.

Stavrogin acquired limitless power at a high price. He filled his life with risky experiments, not bowing to any person and to any values, not obeying any trends of duty, custom, decency. When he was a guards officer and “went up, they talked about some wild unbridledness of him, about people crushed by trotters, about a brutal act with one lady of good society, with whom he was in touch, and then insulted her publicly. Something even too frankly dirty was in this case. They added on top of the fact that he is some kind of brat, gets attached and offends for the pleasure of offending.

But in the end, Stavrogin admits that he really is not a boat, but an “old, leaky wood barge”, suitable only “for scrapping”. And he ends his life by hanging himself, i.e. in that disgusting way that people who are in hopeless despondency resort to.

Starting with titanism, Stavrogin ended his life in hopeless darkness; liberation from it he could achieve only by death. Ivan Karamazov was also a proud, strong and spiritually gifted man, but his pride was profoundly different from Stavrogin's, and the whole current of his life was different.

There are a lot of references to the pride of Ivan Karamazov in the novel on various occasions. It lies at the basis of his striving for independence, his stubborn systematic work, providing him financially and socially, is expressed in his “reticence from above”, in a contemptuous attitude towards the people he condemns (“one bastard eats another bastard”), in the appropriated right to judge one who does not deserve life, in his idea of ​​a titanicly proud man-god.

Proudly isolated Ivan, love for a person is given with difficulty and, when confronted with his pride, quickly disappears. Clever old man Fyodor Pavlovich says that "Ivan loves no one." Alyosha was attracted to him by the purity of his heart, but as soon as his brother touched the wound in his soul, saying “you didn’t kill your father,” he flared up with cruel hatred for him: “... I don’t tolerate epileptic prophets, especially God’s messengers, you you know it too. From this moment I break with you and, it seems, forever.

The essential difference between Ivan Karamazov and Stavrogin is that he stands close to God in heart and mind. The consciousness of absolute values ​​and the duty to follow them is so sharpened in him that he cannot replace them with relative values. His conscience painfully punishes him for every, also mental, entry into the path of evil, and constant fluctuations between faith in the absolute goodness of God and the denial of goodness and God are unbearably painful for him. He realized that if there is no God and immortality, then there are no foundations for goodness in the structure of the world, then “everything is allowed”, even anthropophagy, and “selfishness even to villainy” becomes the most reasonable way of behavior.

Ivan's mind cannot decide how to combine the existence of God with the existence of evil in the world, and his conscience cannot rest on a negative solution to the issue. He remains halfway between atheism and the recognition of the existence of God. But even then, when he recognizes the existence of God, he proudly criticizes the structure of the world and, as if reproaching God for the fact that there is an outrageous evil in the world, “most respectfully” returns the ticket to “Him”, embarks on the path of “rebellion” against God.

The proud titanism of Ivan Karamazov is also revealed in his attitude towards the Church. In the poem "The Grand Inquisitor" he describes Jesus Christ and His teachings as truly absolute goodness, and the Church as an institution that degrades goodness and man.

Distrust in God, in the Church, and in the feasibility of absolute good is combined in Ivan with love for the good, for culture, for nature, and with a powerful thirst for life. “Let me not believe in the order of things, but the sticky leaves that bloom in spring are dear to me, the blue sky is dear, another person is dear, whom sometimes, you believe, you don’t know why and you love, another human feat is dear, in which for a long time already, maybe you stopped believing, but still, from old memory, you honor him with your heart.

The titanic rebellion of Ivan Karamazov, proudly returning the ticket to God because God created the world differently than, in his opinion, it should have been arranged, corresponds to that titanism that was widespread in Europe in the 19th century and is primarily associated in our minds. named after Byron. Pride always lies at the basis of this trend, blinding a person to such an extent that he rejects the concept of sin, and from this all the misfortunes of our life necessarily follow. “There is suffering, there are no guilty ones,” Ivan Karamazov thought, and he came to “rebellion”.

Pride leads to titanic theomachism, but it is guided to a large extent by noble motives. In Ivan Karamazov, Dostoevsky showed exactly that modification of pride, in which the high positive source of this passion is revealed, the consciousness of the dignity of the individual and its absolute value. In the created world, personality is the highest value; a life filled with the protection and cultivation of this value, but cut off from the same value of other personalities, may contain manifestations of high nobility, but may also result in the most terrible kind of evil - hatred of God, which leads from the realm of earthly existence to the satanic kingdom. The distortion of the higher principles creates the worst types of evil. Testing the temptations of pride is the last step in the purification of the heart on the path to the Kingdom of God.

The protagonist of the novel "Crime and Punishment" - Rodion Raskolnikov - is a poor student, a commoner. On the first pages of the novel, we get acquainted with the conditions of his life. He lives in a closet-cage, six paces long, which has the most miserable appearance, with dusty yellow wallpaper, and so low that you are about to hit your head on the ceiling. Dostoevsky very passionately draws a portrait of the hero: "He was remarkably good-looking with beautiful dark eyes, dark Russian, taller than average, thin and well-proportioned." His appearance testifies to extreme poverty: “He was so poorly dressed that another, even a familiar person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day.” But he does not pay attention to his rags, he is indifferent to his appearance. What explains this? Raskolnikov's state of mind was such that he was no longer embarrassed by his appearance. Dostoevsky writes: “... so much malicious contempt has already accumulated in the soul of a young man that, despite his sometimes very young ticklishness, he was least of all ashamed of his rags.” Dostoevsky makes one more remark about Raskolnikov: “... it was difficult to sink even more and become sloppy, but it was even pleasant for Raskolnikov in his present state of mind. He resolutely left everyone, like a turtle in its shell... This is what happens with some monomaniacs who concentrate too much on something. So, Raskolnikov focused on some idea, while everything else faded into the background. Hungry, despondent, but full of contempt in his soul, he decided to commit some deed, the thought of which brings him into a state of spiritual discord. Raskolnikov sees the sharp contradictions of life in the capitalist world, he understands that the cruel force that creates dead ends for the poor and a bottomless sea of ​​suffering in life is money. But how to get money to make the poor happy. Painful reflection prompts Raskolnikov to a monstrous gloomy idea - to kill an old pawnbroker, in order to use her money to improve his position and loved ones. What prompted him to this crime? The undoubted reason is primarily social causes. Raskolnikov's desperate situation, the impasse in which he finds himself as a poor student and living on the meager support of his mother, barely allows him to make ends meet. He was tormented by the poverty of his loved ones, he painfully felt the hopelessness and humiliation of his position as a half-educated student, he was tormented by the consciousness of his own impotence to alleviate his fate and the fate of his mother and sister. From his mother's letter, he learns that his sister decided to marry Luzhin in order to support his brother. Reflecting on the fate of his mother and sister, he involuntarily recalls the words of Marmeladov: “... it is necessary that every person has somewhere to go.” His mother's letter reminds him of the cruel need to act. At this decisive moment, a new incident brings him to the brink of disaster: Raskolnikov meets a girl pursued by a “fat dandy”. He vividly imagines her inevitable fate, and again he remembers his sister. But there are other reasons - they lie in the theory of Raskolnikov. After the murder, Rodion confesses to Sonya; he states that he wanted to know if he is a louse or a human. It is no coincidence that the insightful Porfiry tells Raskolnikov that “there are bookish dreams, sir, here is a theoretically irritated heart.” The theory of Raskolnikov, who wished to become “Napoleon”, could only arise in a society in which man is a wolf to man and where they live according to the law “either bite everyone or lie in the mud yourself”, in a society where the law and morality of the oppressors reign. This theory reveals the essence of the morality of bourgeois society: violence against a person, the arbitrariness of power, the decisive role of money.

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru/ were used.

The problem of the “proud man”, his relationship with others, his life path worried many Russian classics: A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, M. Gorky and others. Pride One of the seven deadly sins. Proud heroes are by nature lonely, cold.

They put themselves above mere mortals, they believe that they are destined for a different, higher mission.

In Russian literature, a whole gallery of such heroes has developed: Onegin (the novel "Eugene Onegin"), Pechorin ("A Hero of Our Time"), Prince Andrei Bolkonsky

("War and Peace"), Raskolnikov ("Crime and Punishment"), Nastasya Filippovna ("Idiot"), Larra ("Old Woman Izergil"). All these heroes, despite the diversity of their characters, have one leading feature - pride. This is an internal personality trait that alienates the hero from people, from true life, from simple joys, from harmony with the outside world.

Alienation, loneliness - these are the terrible consequences of pride.

The gallery of “proud heroes” opens with the image of Eugene Onegin. European upbringing, isolation from national roots, pride, the ability to pretend, to play with other people's destinies for a long time are not revealed to other characters in the novel: Lensky, Tatyana. The true face of the hero appears before the reader when Tatyana finds herself in his library.

Here, for the first time, she sees how her lover lives, penetrates into the sphere of his spiritual interests. The books that Onegin reads “reflect the age and modern man with his cold soul.”

Pride, the desire to imitate Napoleon, self-conceit prevent Onegin from opening up to true feelings, reciprocating Tatyana. His boredom, “yearning laziness” is another way of displaying pride. It seems to the hero that he has comprehended the petty essence of people, knows the price of life.

But it's not. With his pride and selfishness, he brings misfortune to many heroes, even commits the murder of a friend in a duel.

But in the end, simplicity, openness, sincerity of feelings won, the heart of the hero was filled with tenderness and love for the changed Tatyana. Only now did Onegin begin to truly live, he felt the whole aroma of life, he experienced both torment and happiness. Love and pride are at different poles.

They don't coexist. Pride was also characteristic of Pechorin, who was used to looking down on everyone, aloof. In many cases, he was right. His coldness is associated with the vulgarity of high society, but the selfishness, introspection of the hero extends to his close people: Maxim Maksimych, Mary, Bela.

The reasons and nature of Pechorin's pride differ from his famous predecessor. Pride, loneliness became for him a kind of protective mask. Since childhood, Pechorin was not allowed to be sincere, and he learned to be hypocritical.

The hero early became disillusioned with the ideals and the people around him.

Pechorin approaches everything with his own measure. His "I" is always in the foreground. He sees people as puppets playing a stupid game, but he considers life an absurd joke: “Pleasures made me sick, I was also tired of society ... love only irritated my pride, but my heart was left empty ...”.

It is not for nothing that we learn from Pechorin's diary that he takes “saturated pride” for happiness. A person who is tired of life, disappointed in people, perhaps, would find happiness with Bela. But Pechorin was not tired of life, but of its absence.

That is why "his eyes never laughed."

The hero himself tensely feels his inner doom to bring misfortune to people, in one of his diary entries he calls himself "an ax in the hands of fate." For others, he, like Onegin, is a mystery. With this mystery, dissimilarity to others, he attracts Princess Mary.

In this enticing mystery, Grushnitsky tries to imitate Pechorin, but this turns into an absurd and tragic comedy.

Exaggerated pride fills Larra's heart in M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Here alienation reaches its highest degree, its highest intensity. The hero's unprecedented narcissism, his self-confidence in his own beauty and greatness pushes him to crime. The problem of selfishness and permissiveness is solved by M. Gorky in a symbolic, allegorical way.

People punish Larra with the most terrible sentence - loneliness. These are the consequences of his pride.

Thus, the problem of the “proud man” has always remained relevant for Russian writers at all times. They solved it in a moral, humanistic way. Pride creates isolation, makes life artificial, lonely, brings suffering, burns to push to crime.

Pride does not at all mean greatness or superiority, for "there is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth."

(No Ratings Yet)

related posts:

1. Many writers turned to the life of a simple, unremarkable person in their work, for such a hero has existed at all times. A. S. Pushkin was perhaps the first who tried to show the true existence of a simple person. In "The Station Agent" he lifts his character and shows that his inner world is much richer and more attractive than the world of those people […]...
2. The sea is one of the most amazing wonders of nature. It can be calm, affectionate, even sedate, but it can be formidable, dangerous. Many unexplored mysteries keep the expanses of the sea. The great poets of the 19th century, Pushkin and Lermontov, often turn to the image of the sea in their work. Let us turn to the poem by A. S. Pushkin “To the Sea”. Before us is a poem - an appeal to […]
3. Opening the theme of “hero and the crowd”, the following points should be taken into account. This conflict is characteristic of romantic aesthetics: before us is a lone hero, an outstanding personality, elevated above the crowd. Such a hero is the hero of the comedy by A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. This is undoubtedly a more intelligent, educated, intelligent person than those "25 fools" who surround him. The conflict of the comedy reveals the image of [...] ...
4. The epistolary genre was very characteristic of the works of the 19th century. Letters served not only as a means of transmitting information, but also as a way to characterize the characters. It was in the letter that their cherished thoughts and aspirations were expressed, in the letters the heroes are extremely sincere and truthful. The most famous letters in Russian literature are Onegin's letter to Tatyana and Tatyana's letter to Onegin. Both letters are extremely […]
5. The conflict between a “private” person and the state is reflected in such works by Russian writers as “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Shalamov “Kolyma Tales”, G. Vladimov “Faithful Ruslan”. But the story of A. Solzhenitsyn reminded me very much of the work of B. Ekimov “The Night Passes”, which tells about the lack of rights of ordinary collective farmers and the unlimited power over people of the agricultural tax agent Roman […]...
6. Fantastic motifs are one of the main techniques for creating a certain key situation in the works of not only Russian, but also world culture. In Russian literature, writers of various trends addressed these motives. So, for example, in Lermontov's romantic poems there are images of the other world. In "Demon" the artist depicts the protesting Spirit of Evil. The work conveys the idea of ​​protest against the deity as [...] ...
7. The patriotism of the Russian people has been sung at all times. Great love for one's country was embodied in the works of Russian writers in the images of brave and strong heroes, as well as in beautiful descriptions of native nature and simply bright Russian characters. The epic novel “War and Peace” is truly considered an example of the courage and heroism of the Russian people. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy denied the possibility of an active [...] ...
8. The theme of the city and the countryside became especially relevant in Russian literature of the 20th century, when the era of industrialization began to absorb the village: village culture, worldview. Villages began to empty, young residents sought to move to the city, “closer to civilization”. This state of affairs was very disturbing for many Russian writers who were connected with the countryside by their roots. After all, it is in the rural way of thinking and feeling that they [...] ...
9. The war has passed, The suffering has passed, But the pain appeals to people. Let's never forget this people. Tvardovsky. Recently, our people and the whole country celebrated the 56th anniversary of the Great Victory in VO of the war of 41-45. Every year, the country solemnly celebrates the “holiday with tears in its eyes”, remembers all the fallen, known and unknown soldiers who defended their homeland at the cost of their lives. […]...
10. In what works of Russian literature is the image of the sun embodied, and how can they be compared with Mayakovsky's poem? The following works can be used as a literary context: V. Ya. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”, M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Justifying your [...]
11. In what works of Russian literature of the XIX - XX centuries. do the authors glorify a person and in what way can they be compared with the poem “A cloud in pants”? As a literary context, you can use the works of M. Gorky “At the Bottom”, V. Ya. Bryusov “Praise to Man”. Justifying your choice, remember the monologue of the Gorky hero Satin in the play “At the Bottom” (“Everything is in [...] ...
12. The duel with Dolokhov brought Pierre to a shock: he realized that he was able to "encroach" on a person's life. The hero of Tolstoy is very worried and tries to find moral support. The wife, the culprit of the duel, is not his assistant here. Natasha Rostova, whom Bezukhov loves without admitting to himself, is also unable to help him yet, so Pierre accepts the offer of the freemason Bazdeev and [...] ...
13. Purpose: to form the ability to work with text and logically systematize the processed material; to form reading skills of a research nature, to characterize the image of Onegin; assist in the formation of a humane personality. Equipment: portrait of A. Pushkin; texts of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin". Lesson type: in-depth study of a work of art. The whole world is a stranger to me, and I am a stranger to the world. J. Byron. During the classes. I. Updating […]...
14. Human morality has repeatedly pointed out that any crime must ultimately lead to punishment, or, so to speak, to retribution. This idea is repeatedly confirmed in the domestic literature. Let us recall one of the "Tales of Belkin" (A. S. Pushkin) - "Shot". It tells how a certain Count R *** was too indifferent to a possible [...] ...
15. What other epic works of Russian literature of the 20th century present the theme of feat, and what are the similarities and differences between its artistic solution and “The Fate of a Man”? Include the story “The Fate of a Man” in the context of the military-historical prose of the 20th century. Note that in the epic of M. A. Sholokhov “Quiet Flows the Don”, the true heroism of the central character Grigory Melekhov, who deserved the title of St. George Knight, is presented. […]...
16. The personality of Napoleon turned not only world history upside down. The halo of his success had a huge impact on the spiritual self-awareness of people. Napoleon did the impossible for those times - a dizzying career from a simple sergeant to an emperor who almost managed to conquer the world. History has not yet known such examples. The image of Napoleon left its unique imprint on the works of Russian literature of the 19th century. Personality [...]...
17. In the tragedy "Faust", the poet, portrayed the main character, As a man of higher spiritual impulses. Faust is looking for a way of existence in which fantasy and reality, soul and body, heavenly and earthly merge into a single one. “Two souls live in me,” said Faust. One likes earthly life, while the other prefers to pour into the heavenly distance. The image of Faust is a man who […]
18. The motif of the road sounds in two of the most significant works of the 19th century. These are “Dead Souls” by N.V. Gogol and “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by N.A. Nekrasov. In “To whom it is good to live in Rus',” Nekrasov shows the life of all of Rus' through the journey of seven voluntarily liable men through several villages. The plot of the poem is folklore. The main characters of the poem […]
19. The theme of “Russian rebellion” was reflected in several works of Russian literature, but, undoubtedly, it takes its origin in the literature of the 19th century from A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”. While working on this work, the writer used numerous historical sources, made a trip to the places of the Pugachev rebellion, and recorded eyewitness accounts. In The Captain's Daughter we see Pushkin, an artist […]...
20. The Great Patriotic War, which lasted one thousand four hundred and eighteen days, will forever remain in the memory of the Russian people. It cannot be erased from the memories of those who had a chance to fight. The feat of all those who fought and defeated fascism is immortal! We have not seen the war, but we know about it, because we must remember "at what cost happiness is won." From some of the books I read about […]
21. How does the above excerpt from the poem “A Cloud in Pants” by V. V. Mayakovsky embody humanism as the most important aesthetic principle of Russian literature? Reflecting on the question posed, point out that the hero of the poem “A Cloud in Pants”, a denier, a rebel and a Protestant, overcoming a personal tragedy, goes out into the street and here finds his true destiny: to be the herald of the “languageless street”, “today […]. ..
22. In a number of works of Russian literature, provincial landlords are represented: in the play by D. I. Fonvizin “Undergrowth”, in the novels by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, I. A. Goncharova “Oblomov ” and others. How can the heroes of these books be compared with Plyushkin? In relation to housekeeping, to peasants, relatives and friends. Of course, Plyushkin - [...] ...
23. It is said that a wide flowering of satire and humor usually falls on turning points. It is difficult to disagree with such a statement, especially if we recall the history of Russian literature in the 1920s. Perhaps, in no period of Russian literature there were so many bright, original and unique authors as in those years: V. Mayakovsky, M. Zoshchenko, M. Bulgakov, A. […]...
24. Sholokhov is one of those writers for whom reality is often revealed in tragic situations and destinies. The story “The Fate of a Man” is a true confirmation of this. For Sholokhov, it was very important to succinctly and deeply concentrate the experience of the war in the story. Under the pen of Sholokhov, this story becomes the embodiment of human destinies in the war, a story about the greatness, strength and beauty of an ordinary Russian [...] ...
25. In what works of Russian literature is the mention of the name of Napoleon designed to create a certain associative background, and in what way do they correlate with Pushkin's version? Reflecting on the problem posed, remember that the name Napoleon is associated with a special type of literary hero. For a person of a Napoleonic warehouse, the main goals are wealth, fame and power, he opposes himself to society, realizes himself as an exceptional person, [...] ...
26. (WORK - AN EXPERIENCE OF CRITICAL GENERALIZATION) They say that a wide flowering of satire and humor usually falls on critical eras. It is difficult to disagree with such a statement, especially if we recall the history of Russian literature in the 1920s. Perhaps, in no period of Russian literature there were so many bright, original and unique authors as in those years: V. Mayakovsky, […] ...
27. Ah, the forty-fifth year, great and holy! From a generous heart without demanding payment, Soldiers gave freedom and happiness, And they themselves lay down under a humpbacked mound. S. Orlov The great historical victory won by the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War not only delighted the people of the whole world, but also shocked them. The world sighed: they still won! And our soldier, crouching [...] ...
28. In what other works of Russian romantic literature does an individualist hero kill a girl for rejecting him? In response to the question posed in the task, note the stability of this plot motif for romantic literature. Remember the plot of another work by M. Gorky “Makar Chudra”, which presents the story of the musician Loyko Zobar and the beautiful Radda, who did not submit to feelings and was killed […]...
29. How much there is in our country that can be sung in hymns, songs, poems and stories! And many devoted their lives to the glorification of our country, many died for its imperishable, bewitching beauty. So it was during the Great Patriotic War. Many books have been written about beauty and the duty to this beauty - our Motherland ... But the war has passed, and [...] ...
30. In what works of Russian literature do the characters argue with each other and how can these plot situations be compared with the novel by I.S. Turgenev? Let's try to compare the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” with works by A.S. Pushkin and L.N. Tolstoy. In the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" Onegin and Lensky often argue with each other. At […]...
31. The feat of the people is immortal What is death to us? We are even higher than death. In the graves we lined up in a detachment, And we are waiting for a new order, And let them not think that the dead do not hear, When their descendants speak of them. B. Mayorov The theme of the Great Patriotic War is an unusual topic... Unusual, because so much has been written about the war that a whole book would not be enough if […]...
32. In what other works of Russian literature is the scene of the national repentance of the hero given? Compare the scene of Katerina's national repentance in the fourth act of the play "Thunderstorm" with a similar episode in F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment". Point out the difference in motivation of the characters. If the heroine of A. N. Ostrovsky herself confesses to God and people in a moral crime, then the initiator of Raskolnikov's repentance becomes [...] ...
33. The heroes of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov share less than 10 years. They could meet in the same living room, at the same ball or in the theater, in the box of one of the "beauties of the note." And yet, what was more - similarities or differences? Sometimes they divide people stronger and more mercilessly than a whole century. Eugene Onegin. […]...
34. A lot of life, a lot of joys in the golden Goblet of youth - and good for those who did not Drain it to the very bottom, who did not know the Anguish of satiety! VG Belinsky We know that Pushkin lived and developed in the heyday of the Decembrists, and Lermontov reflected in his work the era of post-December stagnation. But we do not always imagine what it is [...] ...
35. In the romantic poem "Mtsyri" M.Yu. Lermontov reveals the unusual fate of a young mountaineer, torn from his native place by chance and abandoned in a monastery. From the very first lines it becomes clear that Mtsyri is not inherent in humility, that in his soul he is a rebel. Raised and raised by monks, indebted to them for salvation from death, the young man nevertheless does not want to spend in [...] ...
36. The theme of the “little man” in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky ("Hero of our time"). The names of the heroes of the works of these outstanding writers - Samson Vyrin, Akaky Akakievich, Maxim Maksimych - became common nouns, and the topic has firmly entered the literature. F. M. […]...
37. The most important feature of all Russian literature of the 19th century is rightly considered a special attention to the human personality. It can be said that the protagonist of the “golden age” is a person in all the variety of his manifestations. Classical writers created so many dissimilar images that you involuntarily wonder which one to take in order to reveal the chosen topic. I understand it in the sense that […]
38. Pechorin as a type of superfluous person in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time". Lermontov wrote that the history of a person's life is sometimes more interesting than the history of a whole nation. In the novel “A Hero of Our Time”, he showed moments in the life of a person who is superfluous for his era. This person is Pechorin, who, due to circumstances, becomes an “extra person”. The writer reveals the reasons that made Pechorin [...] ...
39. Many modern writers turn in their works to themes covered in the fiction of the 19th - early 20th centuries: the theme of fathers and children, memory, moral duty to ancestors and descendants, love for a small homeland. These themes are also considered in V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera". It also embodies the Russian idea of ​​catholicity, the merger of man with the whole world. […]...
40. “Upstairs, lieutenant, so that they are afraid of the dead ... so that children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren are ordered to meddle in Russia!” B. Vasiliev Boris Lvovich Vasiliev, a talented artist who knows firsthand about the war, himself went through the harsh roads of the war, being at the front as a very young boy. His books are a dramatic chronicle of the time and generation, on whose shoulders heavy trials fell. Hero […]...

A proud person is a person who is ready to fight to protect his honor and dignity. If such a person is faced with a choice between a moral and immoral act, he will always choose an honest path, even if it brings trouble or death. Life in accordance with honor and dignity is the basis of the worldview of a person who can be called proud. It is these phenomena that he is guided by when faced with a choice. Profitable offers that are contrary to his principles always fade into the background. Proud people are strong people because they follow their life path in accordance with their views, never deviating from them.

Many Russian and foreign writers wrote about who can be called a proud person.

The hero of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" can be called a proud person. is faced with a difficult choice on which his life depends. The main character has to choose between betrayal of the Motherland and death. Refusal to go over to Pugachev's side was actually doom. To save his life, Pyotr Grinev could swear allegiance to the leader of the uprising. However, the main character does not do this, because the betrayal of the Motherland is an act that would violate Grinev's life values. He acts in accordance with honor and dignity even when his life is at stake. Self-esteem does not allow Pyotr Grinev to choose the path of betrayal. For him, death is better than such a dishonorable path. This suggests that the protagonist of the story "The Captain's Daughter" is not ready to obey the circumstances, he is ready to fight for his own life principles, for his honor and dignity.

The heroine of the novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" can also be called proud. The sister of the central character was a rather poor girl, but she never let herself be offended. Dunya had self-esteem, so she refused all immoral proposals. When Svidrigailov offered her his financial assistance in exchange for living together abroad, Dunya refused him, because honor was more important to her than money. The poor girl refuses Svidrigailov's advantageous offer, because this offer did not correspond to the life principles of Dunya Raskolnikova. For the same reason, the heroine refuses the offer of Luzhin, who is courting Dunya. To marry an unloved person, the heroine was not allowed by her self-esteem. Dunya remained poor, but did not allow herself to be broken and disgraced.

Thus, a proud person is one who does not deviate from his life path due to various circumstances. Proud people are ready to defend their honor to the end, even if they end up with nothing. Such people are not even afraid of their own death, because it is important for them to remain faithful and devoted to themselves and their principles until the end of their lives.