Dedication to one genius. Salvador Dali: the best works of the artist Dali's sex was associated with decay

Great and extraordinary person Salvador Dali was born in Spain in the city of Figueres in 1904 on May 11. His parents were very different. Mother believed in God, and father, on the contrary, was an atheist. Salvador Dali's father was also called Salvador. Many believe that Dali was named after his father, but this is not entirely true. Although the father and son had the same names, the younger Salvador Dali was named in memory of his brother, who died before he was two years old. This worried the future artist, as he felt like a double, some kind of echo of the past. Salvador had a sister who was born in 1908.

Childhood of Salvador Dali

In 1921, Salvador Dali left for Madrid and entered the Academy of Fine Arts there. He did not like teaching. He believed that he himself could teach his teachers the art of drawing. He stayed in Madrid only because he was interested in communicating with his comrades. There he met Federico Garcia Lorca and Luis Buñuel.

Studying at the Academy

In 1924, Dali was expelled from the academy for misbehavior. Returning there a year later, he was expelled again in 1926 without the right to reinstatement. The incident that led to this situation was simply amazing. At one of the exams, the professor asked the academy to name 3 of the greatest artists in the world. Dali replied that he would not answer such questions, because not a single teacher from the academy had the right to be his judge. Dali was too contemptuous of teachers.

And by this time, Salvador Dali already had his own exhibition, which he visited himself. This was the catalyst for introducing the artists.

Salvador Dali's close relationship with Buñuel resulted in a film called Andalusian Dog, which had a surrealist twist. In 1929, Dali officially became a surrealist.

How Dali found his muse

In 1929, Dali found his muse. She became Gala Eluard. It is she who is depicted in many paintings by Salvador Dali. A serious passion arose between them, and Gala left her husband to be with Dali. At the time of meeting his beloved, Dali lived in Cadaques, where he bought himself a hut without any special amenities. Not without the help of Gala Dali, they managed to organize several excellent exhibitions that were in cities such as Barcelona, ​​London, New York.

In 1936, a very tragicomic moment happened. At one of his exhibitions in London Dali decided to give a lecture in a diving suit. Soon he began to choke. Actively gesturing with his hands, he asked to take off his helmet. The public took it as a joke, and everything worked out.

By 1937, when Dali had already visited Italy, the style of his work had changed significantly. Too strongly influenced by the work of the masters of the Renaissance. Dali was expelled from the surrealist society.

During the Second World War, Dali went to the United States, where he was recognizable, and quickly achieved success. In 1941, the US Museum of Modern Art opened its doors for his personal exhibition. Having written his autobiography in 1942, Dali felt that he was really famous, as the book sold out very quickly. In 1946, Dali collaborated with Alfred Hitchcock. Of course, despite the success of his former comrade Andre Breton, he could not miss the chance to write an article in which he humiliated Dali - "Salvador Dali - Avida Dollars" ("Rowing Dollars").

In 1948, Salvador Dali returned to Europe and settled in Port Lligate, leaving from there to Paris, then back to New York.

Dali was a very famous person. He did almost everything and was successful. All his exhibitions cannot be counted, but the exhibition at the Tate Gallery was most memorable, which was visited by about 250 million people, which cannot but impress.

Salvador Dali died in 1989 on January 23 after the death of Gala, who died in 1982.

May 11, 1904 at 8 hours 45 minutes in Spain in Catalonia (northeast of Spain), Figueres, little Dali was born. Full name Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech. His parents are Don Salvador Dali y Cusi and Dona Felipa Domenech. Salvador means "Savior" in Spanish. They named El Salvador in honor of his deceased brother. He died of meningitis a year before Dali was born in 1903. Dali also had a younger sister Anna-Maria, who in the future will be the image of many of his paintings. The parents of little Dali were brought up in different ways. Since from childhood he stood out for his impulsive and eccentric character, his father literally went berserk at his antics. Mom, on the contrary, allowed him absolutely everything.

I pi got into bed almost until the age of eight - only for the sake of his pleasure. In the house I reigned and commanded. Nothing was impossible for me. My father and mother did not pray for me (The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself)

The desire for creativity in Dali manifested itself from early childhood. From the age of 4, he already begins to draw with zeal, not experienced for a child. At the age of six, Dali attracted the image of Napoleon and identifying himself with him, he felt the need for power. Wearing a masquerade costume of the king, he received great pleasure from his appearance. Well, he painted the first picture when he was 10 years old. It was a small landscape in the impressionistic style, painted with oil paints on a wooden board. Then Salvador began to take drawing lessons from Professor Juan Nunez. Thus, at the age of 14, it was safe to see the talent of Salvador Dali in the incarnation.

When he was almost 15 years old, Dali was expelled from the monastic school for bad behavior. But for him it was not a failure, he passed the exams perfectly and entered the institute. In Spain, schools of secondary education were called institutions. And in 1921 he graduated from the institute with excellent marks.
After he entered the Madrid Art Academy. When Dali was 16 years old, he began to get involved along with painting and literature, began to write. Publishes his essays in a self-made publication "Studio". In general, he leads a fairly active life. He managed to serve a day in prison for participating in student unrest.

Salvador Dali dreamed of creating his own style in painting. In the early 1920s, he admired the work of the Futurists. At the same time, he makes acquaintances with famous poets of that time (Garcia Lorca, Luis Bonuel). The relationship between Dali and Lorca was very close. In 1926, Lorca's poem "Ode to Salvador Dali" was published, and in 1927, Dali designed the scenery and costumes for the production of Lorca's "Mariana Pineda".
In 1921 Dali's mother dies. The father would later marry another woman. For Dali, this looks like a betrayal. Later in his works, he displays the image of a father who wants to destroy his son. This event left its mark on the artist's work.

In 1923, Dali became very interested in the work of Pablo Picasso. At the same time, problems began at the academy. He was suspended from school for a year for misconduct.

In 1925, Dali held his first solo exhibition at the Dalmau Gallery. He submitted 27 paintings and 5 drawings.

In 1926, Dali completely stopped making efforts to study, because. disappointed in the school. And they kicked him out after the incident. He did not agree with the teachers' decision regarding one of the painting teachers, then got up and left the hall. Immediately, a brawl broke out in the hall. Of course, Dali was considered guilty, although he did not even know about what happened, in the end he ends up in prison, though not for long. But soon he returned to the academy. Eventually, his behavior led to his expulsion from the academy for his refusal to take the oral exam. As soon as he finds out that his last question is about Raphael, Dali said: "... I don't know less than three professors put together, and I refuse to answer them, because I am better informed on this issue."

In 1927, Dali went to Italy to get acquainted with the painting of the Renaissance. While he was not yet in the Surrealist group led by André Breton and Max Ernst, he later joined them in 1929. Breton studied Freud's work in depth. He said that by discovering unexpressed thoughts and desires hidden in the subconscious, surrealism could create a new way of life and a way of perceiving it.

In 1928, he leaves for Paris, in search of himself.

In early 1929, Dali tried himself as a director. The first film based on his script by Luis Bonuel was released. The film was called Andalusian Dog. Surprisingly, the film script was written in 6 days! The premiere was sensational, as the film itself was very extravagant. Considered a classic of surrealism. Consisted of a set of frames and scenes. It was a small short film, conceived to hurt the nerves of the bourgeoisie and ridicule the principles of the avant-garde.

In Dali's personal life until 1929 there was nothing bright and significant. Of course, he walked, there were numerous connections with girls, but they never went far. And just in 1929, Dali truly fell in love. HER name was Elena Dyakonova or Gala. Russian by origin, was 10 years older than him. She was married to the writer Paul Eluard, but their relationship was already falling apart. Her fleeting movements, gestures, her expressiveness are like the second New Symphony: it gives out the architectonic contours of a perfect soul, crystallizing in the grace of the body itself, in the fragrance of the skin, in the sparkling sea foam of her life. Expressing the exquisite breath of feelings, plasticity and expressiveness materialize in an impeccable architecture of flesh and blood. . (The Secret Life of Salvador Dali)

They met when Dali returned to Cadaqués to work on an exhibition of his paintings. Among the guests of the exhibition was Paul Eluard with his then wife Gala. Gala became Dali's inspiration in many of his works. He painted all kinds of portraits of her, as well as various images based on their relationship and passion. First kiss, - wrote Dali later, - when our teeth collided and our tongues intertwined, was only the beginning of that hunger that made us bite and gnaw each other to the very essence of our being ". Such images often appeared in Dali's subsequent works: chops on the human body, fried eggs, cannibalism - all these images are reminiscent of the young man's violent sexual liberation.

Dali wrote in an absolutely unique style. It seems that he painted images known to everyone: animals, objects. But he assembled them and connected them in a completely unthinkable way. Could connect the body of a woman with a rhinoceros, for example, or a melted watch. Dali himself would call it "the paranoid-critical method".

In 1929, Dali had his first solo exhibition in Paris at the Geman Gallery, after which he began his journey to the pinnacle of fame.

In 1930, Dali's paintings began to bring him fame. Freud's work influenced his work. In his paintings, he reflected the sexual experiences of a person, as well as destruction, death. His masterpieces such as "The Persistence of Memory" were created. Dali also creates numerous models from various objects.

In 1932, the premiere of the second film based on the script by Dali, The Golden Age, took place in London.

Gala divorces her husband in 1934 and marries Dali. This woman was throughout Dali's life his muse, deity.

Between 1936 and 1937, Dali worked on one of his most famous paintings, Metamorphoses of Narcissus, and a book of the same name immediately appeared.
In 1939, Dali had a serious quarrel with his father. The father was unhappy with his son's connection with Gala and forbade Dali to appear in the house.

After the occupation in 1940 from France, Dali moved to the United States in California. There he opens his workshop. There he writes his most famous book, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali. After marrying Gala, Dali leaves the surrealist group, because. his and the group's views begin to diverge. “I don’t give a damn about the gossip that Andre Breton can spread about me, he just doesn’t want to forgive me for the fact that I remain the last and only surrealist, but it’s still necessary that one fine day the whole world, having read these lines , found out how everything really happened." ("The Diary of a Genius").

In 1948, Dali returned to his homeland. Begins to get involved in religious-fiction themes.

In 1953, a large-scale exhibition was held in Rome. He exhibits 24 paintings, 27 drawings, 102 watercolors.

In 1956, Dali began a period when the idea of ​​an Angel was the inspiration for his second work. God for him is an elusive concept and not amenable to any specification. God for him is not a cosmic concept either, because this would impose certain restrictions on him. Dali sees God in a set of conflicting thoughts that cannot be reduced to any structured idea. But Dali did believe in the existence of angels. He spoke of this as follows: “Whatever dreams fall to my lot, they are able to give me pleasure only if they have complete certainty. Therefore, if I already experience such pleasure when approaching angelic images, then I have every reason believe that angels really exist."

Meanwhile, in 1959, since his father no longer wanted to let Dali in, he and Gala settled down to live in Port Lligat. Dali's paintings were already very popular, sold for a lot of money, and he himself was famous. He often communicates with William Tell. Under impressions, he creates such works as "The Riddle of William Tell" and "William Tell".

Basically, Dali worked on several topics: the paranoid-critical method, the Freudian-sexual theme, the theory of modern physics and sometimes religious motives.

In the 60s, the relationship between Gala and Dali cracked. Gala asked to buy another house in order to move out. After that, their relationship was already only the remnants of a past bright life, but the image of Gala never left Dali and continued to be an inspiration.
In 1973, the "Dali Museum" opens in Figueres, incredible in its content. Until now, he is amazed by the audience with his surreal appearance.
In 1980, Dali began to have health problems. The death of Franco, head of state of Spain, shocked and frightened Dali. Doctors suspect he has Parkinson's disease. Dali's father died from this disease.

Gala died on June 10, 1982. For Dali, this was a terrible blow. He did not participate in the funeral. They say that Dali entered the crypt only a few hours later. "Look, I'm not crying," was all he said. The death of Gala for Dali was a huge blow in his life. What the artist lost with the departure of Gala was known only to him. He walked alone through the rooms of their house, saying something about happiness and the beauty of Gala. He stopped painting, sat for hours in the dining room, where all the shutters were closed.
The last work "Dovetail" was completed in 1983.

In 1983, Dali's health seemed to have risen, he began to go out for a walk. But these changes were short-lived.

On August 30, 1984, a fire broke out in Dali's house. The burns on his body covered 18% of the skin surface.
By February 1985, Dali's health was on the mend again and he even gave interviews to the newspaper.
But in November 1988, Dali was admitted to the hospital. The diagnosis is heart failure. January 23, 1989 Salvador Dali passed away. He was 84 years old.

At his request, the body was embalmed and kept in his museum for a week. Dali was buried in the very center of his own museum under a simple slab without inscriptions. The life of Salvador Dali has always been bright and eventful, he himself was distinguished by his extraordinary and extravagant behavior. He changed unusual costumes, the style of his mustache, constantly praised his talent in written books ("The Diary of a Genius", "Dali According to Dali", "Dali's Golden Book", "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali"). On one occasion he lectured at the London Group Rooms in 1936. It was held as part of the International Surrealist Exhibition. Dali appeared in a deep-sea diver's suit.

“Drawing is the honesty of art. The possibility of deception is excluded: either it is “good” or “bad”. .

Salvador Felipe Jacinto was given to Domenech by the Marquis of Pubol(May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), popularly known as Salvador Dali, was born in Figueras (Spain) and became one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

His image in art is a bright character. Every second of his life was devoted to drawing attention to himself. Any of his works is an explosion of delight and indignation in society. Dali was known as a Surrealist, although much of his work is fundamentally different from most Surrealist artists. This fact allowed Dali without reason to proclaim "Surrealism is I", which became a step for raising surrealism to new heights.

Salvador Dali was a unique artist. surreal paintings of Salvador and eccentric behavior gave Dali incredibly highly skilled craftsmanship in a variety of other disciplines. His art fluctuated from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, from realism to surrealism, from chaos to harmony. Dali was a versatile artist whose art is rich in symbols, many of which were understood only by Salvador and fit his sublime style. To understand Dali as an artist, you need to see more than one piece of his work. Dali never limited himself to painting alone. His demonstrated talent in sculpture and painting also shows the other side of his creative life as an excellent director, screenwriter and actor.

Every work of art Dali, it's a way to tell a different story, and discover a different side of yourself. Dali believed that life itself is a work of art, namely the work that needs to be mastered and conquered every day. For Salvador Dali this was of great importance, which he manifested in art form - from the primitive to the extraordinary artistic Salvadoran heyday in everything.

Having created his own paranoid-critical method, Dali was able to transform a pure image of ideas into an environment of unconscious irrational and impulsive chaos. He described it as "a spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on the critical and systemic objectivity of the associations and interpretations of delusional phenomena". Through his paranoid-critical method Dali the whole world opened up in an infinite number of possibilities.

Paintings by Salvador Dali undoubtedly brought him the greatest fame. With his eccentric character and irrepressible energy, the small Dali irritated loved ones, and sometimes led to anger. Frequent whims and tantrums brought my father Dali in a rage, but the mother, going against her husband, forgave her son for all his antics, even the most unbearable and disgusting, and tried her best to please her beloved son. As a result, the father became a kind of embodiment of evil, and the mother, on the contrary, became a symbol of good.

Already at the age of ten years young Salvador Dali drew his first drawing "" (1914), although his attempts at drawing appeared when he was six years old. This small impressionist landscape was painted by him with oil paints on a wooden board. Already at the age of 14 Dali were without a doubt the greatest ability of the draftsman. Early picture of a fourteen year old Dali « Boat "El Son"” (1919) attracts the eye with its quirkiness. The image is like a picture from a cartoon. A man floats on the sea, holding an oar in his hand. The sail on the boat seems like a huge white fish that is rapidly moving through the water. The drawing looks like it happens in the comics. This is a very original portrait, where some marine themes are visible. Dali that have a recurrence in his career.

In November 1925, the first personal exhibition of works Salvador Dali in the Dalmau Gallery, where 27 paintings and 5 drawings of the great novice genius were presented. The school of painting in which he studied gradually disappointed him, and in 1926 Dali was expelled from the academy for his freethinking.

The desire to capture the world and improve its forms in early works Dali had a profound effect on realism. Soon he came under the influence of new trends in the developing art - Dadaism and Cubism. At this time, his paintings "" (1922) and "" (1927) make it clear that these are his experiments of Cubism with Expressionism. Even then, he still remained true to his early pressing technical connection. " Basket with bread"(1926) - a wonderful example of real feelings and abilities Dali. Here you can see that the artist is not too far from his realistic roots, even when he was close to Surrealism. Having fallen under the spell of this direction, his life changed forever.

Having gone through all these stages of the creative desire to study painting, Dali has impeccable technique. This is especially evident in his surrealistic painting "" (1931). "" like a shock wave passed through the entire territory of the artistic community. With this work Dali not only declared himself a true Surrealist, but he also declared himself as one of the contemporaries of art of great magnitude.

The picture gives a feeling of peace. Melting watches become inexplicably soft in this harsh and endless space of sleep, while hard metal attracts ants like sugar. Here time loses all meaning. The mutated creature depicted in the center of the picture seems familiar, and at the same time, alien. Long sexy eyelashes, as if disturbing insects. Imagination Dali, his expressed inner world in the picture, captivates the viewer with crazy fantasies. "The difference between a madman and me," Salvador said, "is that I am not mad." The picture especially shocks the world with unforgettable images of melted clocks.

Drawings and paintings Salvador Dali presented in the most prestigious museums in the world, and some of the best works are in private art collections. In his books " The Secret Life of Salvador Dali" And " Diary of a Genius» secret thoughts and ideas of the artist's consciousness are expressed. He painted not only for his books. A brilliant example of this is the illustration for the play " Macbeth» Shakespeare. Incredibly detailed work of art with monstrously abstruse large-caliber illustrations.

Entire life Dali was unique, especially unique was his union with Elena Dyakonova, ex-wife of Paul Eluard and lover of Max Ernst. This couple felt and understood each other. For Salvador Dali Gala became not only a wife, but also a favorite model, and the divine muse of his inspiration. Gala lived only the life of Salvador, and Salvador admired her.

By 1959 Dali won the title of great artist. His paintings were worth a huge fortune. His admirers and lovers of luxury bought masterpieces for crazy money. Have paintings in your collection Dali considered a great luxury. While Dali and Gala were able to really equip their modest hut in Port Lligat, bought in 1930 from local fishermen into a cozy home.

In the late 60s, a vibrant and passionate relationship between Dali and Galoi fade away. Dali buys Gale his own castle. After breaking up with Gala, Dali never stopped creating.

There is something honest in his draft works, in contrast to painting and graphics. They can't hide mistakes, but they don't have many flaws either. drawing drawings Dali still retained the highest level of draftsman's technique. For example, in " portrait of Mrs. Jack Warner" and in " portrait of Colonel Jack Warner» gentle movements of lines and compositions are visible. These are preliminary ideas for work. Here he sketched handwritten notes of his thoughts at the time of the drawings.

The drawings are more like works of art than drafts. Dali was so brilliant that if you were lucky enough to get his autograph, you can say you got a work of art. Dali was a famous draftsman of his autographs. He wanted to be admired in order to leave behind something stylish and of high quality.

Dali once said: “Drawing is the honesty of art. The possibility of deception is excluded: either it is “good” or “bad”. Dali believed that a real artist should not only be able to draw, but draw well. True talent lies in how well an artist is able to express his thoughts and feelings to the world. Dali spent endless hours working with a pencil sketch, only to soon move on to a brush stroke, creating future masterpieces.

Currently drawings Salvador Dali are of great value in the world art markets, auctions and exhibitions. Many of his drawings cost more than one thousand dollars. As a rule, these drawings are his studies, his initial plans for future works.

Despite his artistic talent, Dali created an extensive collection of sculptures. Some of the larger ones he created stand around the world in places like London (at the foot of the famous Ferris wheel, the London eye), Singapore, and throughout France. Perhaps his most famous surrealist sculpture " Lobster phone”, created by him in 1936 together with the surrealist artist Edward James. Among the sculptor Dali worked most of his life, thereby trying to bring his ideas to the third dimension, and give his paintings more life.

Date of birth: May 11, 1904.
Date of death: January 23, 1989.
Full name: Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol (Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali "i Dome`nech, Marque" s de Pu "bol).
Spanish artist, painter, sculptor, director.

“The difference between the surrealists and me is that the surrealist is me.” – Salvador Dali

“I go, and scandals run after me in a crowd”

Nothing foreshadowed that a child would be born in the wealthy family of the notary Don Salvador Dali y Cusi, who would later turn the classical concepts of drawing methods upside down, the greatest genius of the era of surrealism. But it happened - a boy was born, who was named Salvador Dali. This event took place near Barcelona in the Spanish town of Figueres in 1904.

At the age of 12, Dali graduated from art school. Having persuaded his parents, at the age of 17 he entered the San Fernando Academy of Arts in Madrid. He will be "asked out" in 1926 for inappropriate attitude towards the academic council and teachers. But by that time, his exhibition had already taken place in Barcelona, ​​and the artist's works attracted close attention in artistic circles. In Paris, where Jean-Leon Gerome himself once worked, he meets Picasso, who had a huge influence on his work. Dali will pay tribute to his newfound friend with the painting "Flesh on the Stones" (1926).

In the works of that period, the influence of cubism is visible - "Young Women" (1923). An example of a completely different style was the painting, written in 1928 and exhibited at the International Carnegie Exhibition in Pittsburgh - "Basket of Bread" (1925).

Like all artists of that time, Dali worked in a wide variety of fashion styles. In the works of the period from 1914 to 1927, the influence of Vermeer, Rembrandt, Cezanne, Caravaggio is visible. But gradually, notes of surrealism begin to appear in the paintings.

"Surrealism is me"

Salvador Dali began to realize that the era of cubism was over, and, working in the classical style, he would get lost among the rest of the same artists as himself. Therefore, he chose the most optimal path for the realization of his talent and ambition. The theory of surrealism corresponded very well to this. The first paintings in this style: "Venus and the Sailor" (1925), "A Flying Woman", "Honey is Sweeter than Blood" (1941), etc.

1929 was a turning point for Salvador Dali - two events happened that radically influenced his life and work:

Firstly, the artist met with Gala Eluard, who later became his assistant, mistress, muse, wife. Since then, they have not parted, despite the fact that the woman at that time was married to his friend Paul Eluard. From the very beginning of their acquaintance, Gala became a salvation for the artist from a mental crisis. Dali once said: "I love Gala more than my mother, more than my father, more than Picasso and even more than money." The artist created a magnificent cult of Gala, who has since appeared in many of his works, including in the divine guise.

Secondly, Dali officially joined the Parisian surrealist movement. And in 1929, his exhibition was held at the Herman Gallery in Paris, after which fame came to the artist.

In the same year, Salvador Dali and his friend Luis Buñuel created the script for the film Andalusian Dog. It was Dali who came up with the most shocking scene known so far, where a human eye is cut in half with a razor.

Dali's father, enraged by his relationship with Gala, forbade his son to appear in his house. The artist worked hard to earn some money. It was at this time that the painting "The Persistence of Memory" was created, which became a symbol of the concept of the relativity of time.

Although the artist often expressed the idea that the events in the world did not bother him much, he was still very worried about the fate of Spain. The result was the painting "Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)" (1935).

In 1940, while in America, the master wrote his best book, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, written by himself. The artist's ability to work is amazing, he can work as an artist, decorator, jeweler, portrait painter, illustrator, makes scenery for Alfred Hitchcock's films, for example, Spellbound in 1945. After the explosion over Hiroshima in 1945. Dali expresses his attitude to this with the painting “The Splitting of the Atom”.

In 1965, the artist met Amanda Lear, and their strange relationship would last over 20 years. She will tell her story many years later in the book Gave Through Amanda's Eyes.

Starting in 1970, Salvador Dali's health began to deteriorate rapidly, but his creative energy did not decrease. At this time, the painting "Hallucinogenic Torrero" (1968-1970) was created. Dali's popularity was crazy. He painted pictures based on many masterpieces of world literature: the Bible, Dante's Divine Comedy, Ovid's Art of Love, Freud's God and Monotheism.

"My whole life has been theater"

In 1961 the mayor of Figueres asked the artist to present a painting to Dali's native city. The master decided to develop the idea in 1974. on the site of the old city theater erected his own museum. A giant spherical dome was raised above the stage, and the auditorium itself was divided into sectors, each of which represents a certain era in Dali's work. Intricate interior spaces, nested floors, a courtyard with sculls, where the visitor is dizzy - all this serves as a symbol of the artist's work and invariably attracts tourists from all over the world.

After the death of Gala in 1982, the artist's health deteriorated, and he threw himself into work. Dali paints pictures inspired by the heads of Moses and Adam, Giuliano de Medici. The last work "Dovetail" was completed in 1983, and in 1989, at the age of 84, the artist died of a heart attack. “My whole life was a theater,” and even during his lifetime, he bequeathed to bury himself so that people could walk on his grave. His body is immured in the floor of his theater museum.

Salvador Dali, like a magician, juggled images in his paintings. His works amazed contemporaries with the realism of fictitious images and plots, they were made in a grotesque manner inherent only to him: “Soft Clock”, “Flaming Giraffe”, “Dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before awakening”, “The Last Supper”. His work is controversial, and his artistic heritage is sold at auctions with highly controversial bids.

Dali created a myth about himself with his own hands, his image with a mustache a la Baron Munchausen is recognizable all over the world. Much is known about him, but more will never be known.

Salvador Domenech Felipe Jacinth Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol (1904 - 1989) - Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer. One of the most famous representatives of surrealism.

BIOGRAPHY OF SALVADOR DALI

Salvador Dali was born in the town of Figueres in Catalonia, the son of a lawyer. Creative abilities manifested themselves in his early childhood. At the age of seventeen, he was admitted to the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, where fate happily brought him together with G. Lorca, L. Bunuel, R. Alberti. Studying at the academy, Dali enthusiastically and obsessively studies the works of old masters, the masterpieces of Velasquez, Zurbaran, El Greco, Goya. He is influenced by the cubist paintings of H. Gris, the metaphysical painting of the Italians, and is seriously interested in the legacy of I. Bosch.

Studying at the Madrid Academy from 1921 to 1925 was for the artist a time of persistent comprehension of professional culture, the beginning of a creative understanding of the traditions of the masters of past eras and the discoveries of his older contemporaries.

During his first trip to Paris in 1926, he met P. Picasso. Impressed by the meeting, which changed the direction of the search for his own artistic language, corresponding to his worldview, Dali creates his first surrealistic work, The Magnificence of the Hand. However, Paris inexorably attracts him, and in 1929 he makes a second trip to France. There he enters the circle of Parisian surrealists, gets the opportunity to see their solo exhibitions.

At the same time, together with Bunuel Dali, he makes two films that have already become classics - “Andalusian Dog” and “Golden Age”. His role in the creation of these works is not the main one, but he is always mentioned second, as a screenwriter and at the same time an actor.

In October 1929 he marries Gala. Russian by origin, the aristocrat Elena Dmitrievna Dyakonova occupied an important place in the life and work of the artist. The appearance of Gal gave his art a new meaning. In the book of the master “Dali according to Dali”, he gives the following periodization of his work: “Dali - Planetary, Dali - Molecular, Dali - Monarchic, Dali - Hallucinogenic, Dali - Future”! Of course, it is difficult to fit into such a narrow framework the work of this great improviser and mystifier. He himself admitted: “I don’t know when I start pretending or telling the truth.”

THE CREATIVITY OF SALVADOR DALI

Around 1923, Dali began his experiments with Cubism, often even locking himself in his room to paint. In 1925, Dali painted another painting in the style of Picasso: Venus and the Sailor. She was among the seventeen paintings exhibited at Dali's first solo exhibition. The second exhibition of Dali's work, held in Barcelona at the Delmo Gallery at the end of 1926, was met with even more enthusiasm than the first.

Venus and the Sailor The Great Masturbator Metamorphoses of Narcissus The Riddle of William Tell

In 1929, Dali painted The Great Masturbator, one of the most significant works of that period. It depicts a large, wax-like head with dark red cheeks and half-closed eyes with very long eyelashes. A huge nose rests on the ground, and instead of a mouth, a rotting grasshopper with ants crawling over it is drawn. Similar themes were characteristic of Dali's works of the 30s: he had an unusual weakness for the images of grasshoppers, ants, telephones, keys, crutches, bread, hair. Dali himself called his technique a manual photograph of concrete irrationality. It was based, as he said, on associations and interpretations of unrelated phenomena. Surprisingly, the artist himself noted that he did not understand all of his images. Although Dali's work was well received by critics who predicted a great future for him, the success did not bring immediate benefits. And Dali traveled the streets of Paris for days on end in a vain search for buyers for his original images. They, for example, were a woman's shoe with large steel springs, glasses with glasses the size of a fingernail, and even a plaster head of a roaring lion with fried chips.

In 1930, Dali's paintings began to bring him fame. Freud's work influenced his work. In his paintings, he reflected the sexual experiences of a person, as well as destruction, death. His masterpieces such as Soft the Clock and Persistence of Memory were created. Dali also creates numerous models from various objects.

Between 1936 and 1937, Dali worked on one of his most famous paintings, Metamorphoses of Narcissus, and a book of the same name immediately appeared. In 1953, a large-scale exhibition was held in Rome. He exhibits 24 paintings, 27 drawings, 102 watercolors.

Meanwhile, in 1959, since his father no longer wanted to let Dali in, he and Gala settled down to live in Port Lligat. Dali's paintings were already very popular, sold for a lot of money, and he himself was famous. He often communicates with William Tell. Under impressions, he creates such works as "The Riddle of William Tell" and "William Tell".

In 1973, the "Dalí Museum" opens in Figueres, incredible in its content. Until now, he is amazed by the audience with his surreal appearance.

The last work "Dovetail" was completed in 1983.

Salvador Dali often resorted to sleep with a key in his hand. Sitting on a chair, he fell asleep with a heavy key between his fingers. Gradually, the grip weakened, the key fell and hit a plate lying on the floor. The thoughts that arose during the nap could be new ideas or solutions to complex problems.

In 1961, Salvador Dali drew for Enrique Bernat, the founder of the Spanish lollipop company, the Chupa Chups logo, which, in a slightly modified form, is now recognizable in all corners of the planet.

In 2003, the Walt Disney Company released the animated film Destino, which Salvador Dal and Walt Disney began to draw back in 1945, the picture lay in the archive for 58 years.

A crater on Mercury is named after Salvador Dali.

The great artist, during his lifetime, bequeathed to bury him so that people could walk on the grave, so his body was immured in the wall in the Dali Museum in Figueres. Flash photography is not allowed in this room.

Arriving in New York in 1934, he carried a 2-meter-long loaf of bread in his hands as an accessory, and while visiting an exhibition of surrealist art in London, he dressed in a diving suit.

At various times, Dali declared himself either a monarchist, or an anarchist, or a communist, or an adherent of authoritarian power, or he refused to associate himself with any political movement. After World War II and returning to Catalonia, Salvador supported Franco's authoritarian regime and even painted a portrait of his granddaughter.

Dali sent a telegram to the Romanian leader Nicolas Ceausescu, written in the manner characteristic of the artist: in words he supported the communist, and caustic irony was read between the lines. Not noticing the catch, the telegram was published in the daily newspaper Scînteia.

The now famous singer Cher (Cher) and her husband Sonny Bono, while still young, attended the party of Salvador Dali, which he tripled at the New York Plaza Hotel. There, Cher accidentally sat on a strangely shaped sex toy placed on her chair by the host of the event.

In 2008, the film Echoes of the Past was filmed about El Salvador. The role of Dali was played by Robert Pattinson. For some time, Dali worked together with Alfred Hitchcock.

In his lifetime, Dali himself completed only one film, Impressions of Upper Mongolia (1975), in which he told the story of an expedition that went in search of huge hallucinogenic mushrooms. The video sequence of "Impressions of Upper Mongolia" is largely based on enlarged microscopic spots of uric acid on a brass strip. As you can guess, the "author" of these stains was the maestro. For several weeks he "painted" them on a piece of brass.

Together with Christian Dior in 1950, Dali created a "suit for 2045".

The canvas “The Persistence of Memory” (“Soft Clock”) Dali wrote under the impression of Einstein's theory of relativity. The idea in El Salvador's mind took shape as he looked at a piece of Camabert cheese one hot August day.

For the first time, the image of an elephant appears on the canvas "A dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate a second before awakening." In addition to elephants, Dali often used images of other representatives of the animal kingdom in his paintings: ants (symbolized death, decay and, at the same time, great sexual desire), he associated a snail with a human head (see portraits of Sigmund Freud), locusts in his work is associated with waste and a sense of fear.

Eggs in Dali's paintings symbolize prenatal, intrauterine development, if you look deeper - we are talking about hope and love.

On December 7, 1959, the presentation of the ovocypede (ovocypede) took place in Paris: a device that was invented by Salvador Dali and brought to life by the engineer Laparra. Ovosiped - a transparent ball with a seat fixed inside for one person. This "transport" was one of the devices that Dali successfully used to shock the public with his appearance.

QUOTATIONS DALY

Art is a terrible disease, but it is still impossible to live without it.

With art I straighten myself and infect normal people.

The artist is not the one who is inspired, but the one who inspires.

Painting and Dali are not the same thing, as an artist I do not overestimate myself. It's just that others are so bad that I turned out better.

I saw - and sunk into the soul, and through the brush spilled onto the canvas. This is painting. And the same is love.

For the artist, every touch of the brush on the canvas is a whole life drama.

My painting is life and food, flesh and blood. Don't look for intelligence or feelings in it.

Through the centuries, Leonardo da Vinci and I extend our hands to each other.

I think that now we have the Middle Ages, but someday the Renaissance will come.

I am decadent. In art, I'm something like Camembert cheese: just a little overdose, and that's it. I - the last echo of antiquity - stand on the very edge.

Landscape is a state of mind.

Painting is a color photograph made by hand of all possible, ultra-refined, unusual, super-aesthetic samples of concrete irrationality.

My painting is life and food, flesh and blood. Don't look for intelligence or feelings in it.

A work of art does not arouse any feelings in me. Looking at a masterpiece, I am ecstatic about what I can learn. It doesn't even occur to me to spread in tenderness.

The artist thinks with a drawing.

It is good taste that is fruitless - for an artist there is nothing more harmful than good taste. Take the French - because of good taste, they are completely lazy.

Do not try to cover up your mediocrity with a deliberately careless painting - it will reveal itself in the very first stroke.

First, learn to draw and write like the old masters, and only then act on your own - and you will be respected.

Surrealism is not a party, not a label, but a unique state of mind, not bound by slogans or morality. Surrealism is the complete freedom of a human being and his right to dream. I'm not a surrealist, I'm a surrealist.

I - the highest embodiment of surrealism - follow the tradition of the Spanish mystics.

The difference between the surrealists and me is that the surrealist is me.

I'm not a surrealist, I'm a surrealist.

BIOGRAPHY AND FILMOGRAPHY OF SALVADOR DALI

Literature

"The Secret Life of Salvador Dali as Told by Himself" (1942)

"Diary of a Genius" (1952-1963)

Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution (1927-33)

"The Tragic Myth of Angelus Millais"

Film work

"Andalusian dog"

"Golden age"

"Spellbound"

"Impressions of Upper Mongolia"

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