System of artistic images Cherry Orchard. The system of images in the play "The Cherry Orchard

Search for materials:

Number of your materials: 0.

Add 1 material

Certificate
about creating an electronic portfolio

Add 5 materials

Secret
present

Add 10 materials

Diploma for
informatization of education

Add 12 materials

Review
on any material for free

Add 15 materials

Video lessons
to quickly create impressive presentations

Add 17 materials

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
higher professional education
"Chechen State University"
Institute of Chechen and General Philology
DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC AND WORLD LITERATURE
Course work
___________________ in Russian literature
(discipline)

XIX
century ____________________
__________ The system of images in the play "The Cherry Orchard" by A.P. Chekhov._________
(subject)
_____________________________________________________________________________
4th year students of RVO_______
____________ of the correspondence department
(full-time/correspondence)
__________________________________________________________________
_________________ Shikieva Strength Abdulkhamidovna ___________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
(FULL NAME)
Supervisor: Ph.D., Associate Professor Kh.Sh. Yandarbiev ___________________________
full name, position
(delivery date)
Head of department
(signature)

Grozny 2014
Plan
Introduction………………………………………………………………….3
1. Artistic originality of the play………………………………7
2. Images of the heroes of the play. Features of the image of heroes……..11
3. Image of the Cherry Orchard……………………………………………...23
Conclusion……………………………………………………………...26
List of used literature………………………………...28

Introduction.
The work of the great Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
belongs to the end of the 19th century. He was born in 1860, that is, his birth
almost coincided with the reform of 1861, and the formation of personality
the writer was already in post-reform Russia, the state of which he
beautifully portrayed in his works.
Chekhov strove to ensure that life dominated in his plays.
True, unadorned, in all its usual, everyday life.
Showing the natural course of everyday life of ordinary people, Chekhov
bases his plots not on one, but on several organically connected ones,
intertwined conflicts. At the same time, the leading
unifying is mainly the conflict of actors not
with each other, but with the entire social environment around them.
In the play "The Cherry Orchard" the main conflict, reflecting deep

social contradictions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, lies in
Ranevskaya's desire to keep the cherry orchard and in an effort
Lopakhin to turn the cherry orchard into a capitalist enterprise.
But, emphasizing the individual positive features of the noble
characters, Chekhov convincingly shows that, being representatives of

lyricism, the pursuit of beauty. Is sympathy typical of a merchant?
Ranevskaya, the desire to help the landowner save the cherry orchard from sale and
the appearance of embarrassment because it was he who acquired the cherry orchard. Is
typical for the merchants is such a feature of Lopakhin, which Trofimov speaks of:
"thin, tender soul"? But Lopakhin's actions are not determined by these
private, individual traits, but those that reflect the social
typical essence of his character.
4
Despite his characteristic sentimentality, Lopakhin bought the estate
Ranevskaya, to whom he owes a lot, he is clearly tactless, with her begins
cut down the cherry orchard.
In my opinion, Lopakhin is a man of purpose, and how he behaves with Ranevskaya and
the rest, it does not matter much the main thing is that this is a person
practical, vital and you can always rely on him, because it is
real man.
Responsibility for tomorrow in the play lies with the young
generation, its representative is Petya Trofimov.
Trofimov is a democrat by birth, by habits and convictions.
Creating the images of Trofimov, Chekhov expresses in this image such leading
traits such as devotion to the public cause, striving for the best
future and propaganda of the struggle for it, patriotism, adherence to principles,
courage, diligence. Trofimov, despite his 26 or 27 years, has
shoulders a great and difficult life experience. He's been expelled twice already.

university. He has no confidence that he will not be expelled a third time and that
he will not remain a "perpetual student".
To the egoism of the landowners and merchants, Trofimov opposes his
devotion to the public cause, his patriotism.
Trofimov is a man of just such a worldview, and this is
reason for his abstract ideas about the future and about ways to fight for
him. Chekhov's dramaturgy, responding to topical questions of his
time, referring to everyday interests, experiences and
worries of ordinary people.
5
Therefore, it has always had a huge impact on readers and viewers.

6
CHAPTER 1

Chekhov's plays seemed unusual to his contemporaries. They sharply
different from the usual dramatic forms. They did not seem
necessary tie-ins, climaxes and, strictly speaking, dramatic
actions as such. Chekhov himself wrote about his plays: “People only
dine, wear jackets, and at this time their fates are decided, their
life." In Chekhov's plays there is a subtext that takes on a special
artistic significance. How is it conveyed to the reader, the viewer, this
subtext? First of all, with the help of author's remarks. Such amplification
the meanings of remarks, the calculation for reading the play lead to the fact that in the plays
Chekhov, there is a convergence of the epic and dramatic principles. Even
the place where the action takes place sometimes has a symbolic meaning.
The Cherry Orchard opens with an expressive and lengthy remark,

which we find the following remark: “The room, which is still
called childish. It is impossible to stage this remark, but it
and is not designed for stage implementation and does not serve as an indication
director of the play, but in itself has artistic meaning. At
reader, it is the reader who immediately gets the feeling that time is in this
the house froze, lingered in the past. The heroes have grown up, but the room is in the old
house - still "childish". On stage, this can only be conveyed by
creating a special atmosphere, a special mood, an atmosphere that
would accompany all the action, creating a kind of semantic background. This
it is all the more important that in the future in the play several times there will already be
dramatic motif of the passing, elusive time that leaves
heroes overboard. Ranevskaya turns to her nursery, to her garden. For
this house, this garden - her precious, pure past, it seems to her that
her dead mother is walking in the garden.
7
But it is important for Chekhov to show the impossibility of returning to a happy past,
and the action of the fourth act of the play takes place in the same nursery, where now
the curtains on the windows were removed, the paintings were removed from the walls, the furniture was arranged in one corner, and
There are suitcases in the middle of the room. Heroes leave, and the image of the past disappears,

the present.
Not
With the help of remarks, Chekhov conveys the semantic shades of dialogues
pretending to be

characters, even if the remark contains only one word:
"pause". Indeed, the conversations in the play are not lively, often
interrupted by pauses. These pauses give the conversations of the characters
"The Cherry Orchard" some kind of randomness, incoherence, as if the hero is not always
knows what he will say in the next minute. In general, the dialogues in the play are very
unusual in comparison with the plays of Chekhov's predecessors and
contemporaries: they rather resemble the dialogues of the deaf. Everyone talks about

his, as if not paying attention to what his interlocutor says. So,
Gaev's remark that the train was two hours late unexpectedly leads to
is Charlotte's words about her dog eating nuts. Everything is like
developed throughout the world
contrary to the laws of dramaturgy,
dramatic realist literature. But naturally, behind this
Chekhov is worth a deep artistic meaning. Such conversations show
the originality of the relationship between the characters of the play, in general the originality of Chekhov's
images. In my opinion, each character in The Cherry Orchard lives in his own
closed world, in its system of values, and it is precisely their mismatch with each other
another and comes to the fore in the play, the author emphasizes.
The fact that Lyubov Andreevna, who is threatened by the sale of her estate at auction,
distributes money to the first person he meets, whether Chekhov only calls,
demonstrate her extravagance as a character trait of an eccentric
mistress or testify to the moral correctness of economical Varya?
8
From Vari's point of view, yes; from the point of view of Ranevskaya - no. And from the point of view
the author is generally evidence of a lack of opportunity for people to understand
each other. Lyubov Andreevna does not at all strive to be a good housewife,
In any case, Chekhov does not depict this desire, and for the lack of it
does not blame the heroine. He generally talks about something else that lies beyond
economic practice and has nothing to do with it. So are the tips
Lopakhin, smart and practical, are unacceptable for Ranevskaya. Is it right
Lopakhin? Undoubtedly. But Lyubov Andreevna is right in her own way. Is Petya right?
Trofimov, when he tells Ranevskaya that her Parisian lover is
scoundrel? He's right, but his words don't make any sense to her. and Chekhov
does not at all set itself the goal of creating the image of a stubborn and willful woman,
listening to no one's advice and ruining her own home and family.
For this, the image of Ranevskaya is too poetic and charming. Apparently the reasons

disagreements between people lie in Chekhov's plays not at all in the area of
practical, but in some other area.
The change in the subject of conversations in the play could also cause bewilderment.
There seems to be no logical connection between the successive
no talking groups. So, in the second act, instead of talking about
sense of life Ranevskaya Gaev and Lopakhin come Petya and Anya, people
far from what concerns the elders, worries them. Such a “mosaic” of scenes
due to the originality of the system of images and dramatic conflict in
Chekhov. Strictly speaking, dramatic conflict in the usual sense
was absent in Chekhov's plays, the action was not based on confrontation
characters, and the characters are no longer divided into “good” and “bad”,
"positive" and "negative". In the Cherry Orchard, except for Yasha
written out clearly ironically, the rest do not fit into
traditional categories of negative characters.
9
Rather, each hero is unhappy in his own way, even SimeonovPishchik, but even those
characters, on the side of which the author's sympathy, still do not look
unequivocally positive. Sounds genuinely sad
Ranevskaya to her children's room, to rise to a truly tragic
Chekhov does not give him sound, neutralizing the tragic beginning with a comic
Gaev's appeal to the closet. Gaev himself is ridiculous in his pompous and
ridiculous monologues, but at the same time sincerely touching in fruitless
trying to save the cherry orchard. The same - “ridiculous and touching” - can be
say about Petya Trofimov.

10
Chapter 2
The owners of the estate are Russian landowners Gaev and Ranevskaya. Both brother and
sister - educated, intelligent, sensitive people. They appreciate beauty
they feel it subtly, but due to inertia they cannot do anything for it.
salvation. For all their development and spiritual wealth, Gaev and Ranevskaya
deprived of a sense of reality, practicality and responsibility, and therefore not in
able to take care of yourself or your loved ones. They can not
follow Lopakhin's advice and lease the land, despite the fact that it
would bring them a solid income: “Dachis and summer residents - it’s so common,

Sorry". To go to this measure they are prevented by special feelings that bind
them with the estate. They treat the garden as a living person with whom they
connects a lot. The cherry orchard for them is the personification
a past life, a bygone youth. Looking out the window at the garden, Ranevskaya
exclaims: “O my childhood, my purity! In this nursery I slept, looked
from here to the garden, happiness woke up with me every morning, and then he
was exactly the same, nothing has changed.” And further: “O my garden! After dark
rainy autumn and cold winter again you are young, full of happiness, angels
the heavenly have not left you...” Ranevskaya speaks not only about the garden, but also about herself.
She seems to be comparing her life with a “dark rainy autumn” and
"cold winter". Returning to her homestead, she again felt
yourself young and happy.
The feelings of Gaev and Ranevskaya are not shared by Lopakhin. Their behavior seems to him
strange and illogical. He wonders why they are not affected so
obvious to him arguments for a prudent way out of a difficult
situations. Lopakhin knows how to appreciate beauty: he admires the garden, “beautiful
which there is nothing in the world.” But he is an active and practical man.
He can't just admire the garden and feel sorry for it without trying anything.
take to save him.
11
He sincerely tries to help Gaev and Ranevskaya, constantly convincing them: “And
cherry orchard, and the land must be leased for dachas, to do this
now, hurry up - the auction is on the nose! Understand!” But they don't want it
listen. Gaev is only capable of empty oaths: “By my honor, whatever you want,
I swear the estate will not be sold!... I swear by my happiness!... call me
then a lousy, dishonest person if I'm allowed to auction! Everyone
I swear by my being!”
However, the auction took place, and Lopakhin bought the estate. For him, this event

has a special meaning: “I bought an estate where grandfather and father were slaves, where they are not
they even let me into the kitchen. I sleep, it only seems to me, it's only
it seems ... ”Thus, for Lopakhin, buying an estate becomes a kind of
a symbol of his success, a reward for many years of work. He would like
so that his father and grandfather rise from the grave and rejoice at how their son and
grandson succeeded in life. For Lopakhin, the cherry orchard is just land,
which can be sold, mortgaged or bought. In his joy, he does not even
considers it necessary to show an elementary sense of tact towards
the former owners of the estate. He starts cutting down the garden without even waiting for them.
departure. In some ways, he is akin to the soulless footman Yasha, in whom
there are no such feelings as kindness, love for mother, attachment to
the place where he was born and raised. In this he is the exact opposite of Firs,
which these qualities are extraordinarily developed. Firs is the oldest person in
home. For many years he faithfully serves his masters, sincerely loves
and fatherly ready to protect them from all troubles. Perhaps Firs -
the only character in the play endowed with this quality - devotion.
Firs is a very integral nature, and this integrity is fully manifested
in his relation to the garden. The garden for an old lackey is a family nest, which
he strives to protect
Petya Trofimov is a representative of a new generation.
like their masters.
12
He does not care at all about the fate of the cherry orchard. “We are above love,” declares
he, thereby confessing his incapacity for a serious feeling. Peter
looks at everything too superficially: not knowing true life, he tries
rearrange it on the basis of far-fetched ideas. Outwardly, Petya and Anya are happy.
They want to go to a new life, decisively breaking with the past. Garden for them -
“all of Russia”, and not just this cherry orchard. But is it possible without loving
home, love the whole world? Both heroes rush to new

horizons, but lose their roots. Mutual understanding between Ranevskaya and
Trofimov is impossible. If for Petya there is no past and memories, then
Ranevskaya grieves deeply: “After all, I was born here, my father lived here and
mother, my grandfather, I love this house, without a cherry orchard I don’t understand my
life...”
The image of Ranevskaya in the play "The Cherry Orchard"
Consider one of the main images of the play - the image of Ranevskaya. Cherry
the garden is symbolic in the play. It brings together very different
characters, each with their own idea of ​​him. But the cherry orchard
will separate all the characters at the end of the play.
The Cherry Orchard as a wonderful home for Ranevskaya exists only in her
wonderful past. It is associated with the memory of childhood, of youth.
Ranevskaya appears in her house, where she has not been for five years. And this is her
last, farewell visit to the Motherland. The heroine comes from abroad
from the man who robbed her, but whom she still loves very much.
At home, Ranevskaya thought to find peace.
13
Nature itself in the play, as it were, reminds her of the need for spiritual
updates, about beauty, about the happiness of human life.
Ranevskaya, devastated by love, returns to her estate in the spring. IN
cherry orchard - "white masses of flowers", starlings sing, glitters over the garden
sky. Nature is preparing for renewal - and in the soul of Ranevskaya awaken

hopes for a new, clean, bright life: “All, all white! O my garden!
After a dark, miserable autumn and a cold winter, you are again young, full
happiness, the angels of heaven have not abandoned you. If removed from the chest and from the shoulders
my heavy stone, if I could forget my past!”
But the past does not allow itself to be forgotten, since Ranevskaya herself lives with a feeling
of the past. She is the creation of a noble culture, which is disappearing before our eyes from
present, remains only in memories. A new one takes its place
class, new people - the emerging bourgeois, businessmen, ready for anything for the sake of
money. Both Ranevskaya and the garden are defenseless against the threat of death and ruin.
When Lopakhin offers her the only real means to save the house,
Ranevskaya replies: "Dachas and summer residents - it's so vulgar, I'm sorry."
It turns out that, on the one hand, Ranevskaya does not want to cut down the garden, so
how it is a symbol of her happy youth, her aspirations, hopes. Yes, besides
the garden in spring is simply magnificent in its bloom - it's a pity to cut down such beauty
because of some dachas. But, on the other hand, the author shows us indifference
Ranevskaya and to the fate of the cherry orchard, and to the fate of loved ones. All her
spiritual strength, energy was absorbed by love passion, which enslaved
gradually the will of this woman, drowned out her natural responsiveness to
the joys and sorrows of the people around.
14
Emphasizing Ranevskaya's sense of indifference, Chekhov shows us
the attitude of the heroine to the telegrams from Paris.
This ratio is directly dependent on the degree of threat looming
over the garden. In the first act, while they only talk about the possibility of selling,

Ranevskaya "tearing the telegram without reading it." In the second act is already known
the buyer - Ranevskaya reads and tears the telegram. In the third act
bidding took place - she admits that she decided to go to Paris to a man,
robbed and abandoned her. In Paris, Ranevskaya is going to live on
the money that my grandmother sent to buy the estate.
The heroine completely forgot all the insults caused to her by the former
beloved. In Russia, she leaves everyone to the mercy of fate. Varya,
the adopted daughter of Ranevskaya, is forced to become a housekeeper to the Ragulins. Love
Andreevna does not care at all about her fate, although she made an attempt
give Varya in marriage to Lopakhin. But this attempt was unsuccessful.
Ranevskaya is impractical, selfish, careless. She forgets about Firs
a servant who worked for them all his life. She is not satisfied with the life of her daughters
- neither Ani nor Varya, forgetting about them in the heat of his passion. It is not known for what
whims, Ranevskaya arranges a ball, while bidding is going on in the city, although
she herself understands the inappropriateness of what is happening: “And the musicians came
inopportunely, and we started the ball inopportunely ... Well, nothing ... (Sits down and quietly
crying).
But, at the same time, the heroine is kind, sympathetic, her feeling does not fade.
beauty. She is ready to help everyone, ready to give the last money.
15
So, Ranevskaya gives the last gold to the drunkard. But this also shows her
impracticality. She knows that at home Varya feeds everyone with milk soup, and
servants - peas. But such is the nature of this heroine.

Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna, as mentioned above, is bright

representative of the passing century. landowner. Once accustomed to live on
wide leg, she is not able to realize and accept the fact that for her
back there are no longer a couple of hundred serfs who were before, and who
covered her expenses. Over the years of living abroad, she never learned
practicality and rationality. Naive and kind, allows herself
to deceive everyone who is not lazy, starting from her lover and ending with a lackey
Yasha. Sensitive and sentimental, she is completely unprepared for blows.
fate, every time he tries to escape from problems and troubles. When six years ago
her son drowned in the river, she could not recover from grief, and, leaving everything, left
abroad. The second time she will run away to Paris, when her estate will be bought
Lopakhin.
The image of Ranevskaya is very contradictory, one cannot say whether she is good or
bad. In the play, this image is not unambiguously regarded, since it is alive,
complex and controversial.
Anya is one of the main characters of the play.
Anya, Lyubov Andreevna's own daughter, is still naive and stupid
a girl who is easy to turn her head. Still almost a baby, she's on now
crossroads. Raised on romantic books surrounded by those who love her
people, Anya looks at the world through rose-colored glasses. Kind and smart, she
tries, as best he can, to take care of his mother, protects her from attacks
Gaev. Everyone in the house loves this girl for the purity of her soul and spontaneity.
deeds.
16

After the sale of the garden and the departure of the mother, before her opens

the need to take care of yourself. In the final scene, Anya shares
plans to graduate from high school and go to work. Everyone in the house understands
that the money that the Yaroslavl aunt, Ranevskaya, gave, would not last long. But
Anya is happy with the prospects that open before her.
The image of Petya
Petya Trofimov is perhaps the only person in the play for whom
the future exists as a conscious reality, as that for which he lives.
This hero is aware of the beauty of the cherry orchard, apparently deeper than all others in
play. But he also understands better than others that the garden is imprinted
slave past. Trofimov sees that the garden is doomed to the present, in which
there is no place for the beautiful, where the predation of the Lopakhins triumphs.
The future is drawn to this hero as a triumph not only of justice,
but also beauty. That's why when Anya complains that she stops loving her
cherry orchard, Petya says: “The whole of Russia is our garden. The earth is big and
beautiful, there are many wonderful places on it. And after the sale of the estate,
trying to console her mother and clearly echoing Petya, Anya says: “We will plant a new
garden, more luxurious than this, you will see it, you will understand ... ".
In addition, Petya Trofimov pronounces those words that express the whole
the truth about the cherry orchard, in the image of which the whole country is hidden. He voices
that thought, which, for sure, is hidden in the rest of the heroes somewhere far away in
consciousness. Petya says, turning to Anya: “Think, Anya, your grandfather, great-grandfather
and all your ancestors were serf-owners who owned living souls, and really
from every cherry in the garden, from every trunk, human beings do not look at you
beings, do you not hear the voices…”
17

It seems to me that a “pure soul” is, of course, the most
appropriate definition for Petya.
Of course, in the views of Petya, in his convictions that he and his comrades
should be "above love", there was a lot of naivety. But it should be remembered that
naive maximalism sinned not only Trofimov. These kinds of views
were very widely represented among radical youth
that time. In their own way, they also appeared in the times described by I.S.
Turgenev, and in subsequent decades.
Thus, Petya's renunciation of love is similar to his refusal of money,
which Lopakhin offers him. In one and the other case Trofimov
comes from the conviction that he is a “free man”, since he has no
not the slightest power everything, something that people living like him appreciate so highly
obsolete concepts and traditions.
convinced
old,

The image of Petya Trofimov is of great importance in the play. He is not
ghostly, like Gaev or Ranevskaya, he is real and accepts life itself
really. It seems that Petya Trofimov is the only sane one, if that's possible.
say, of all the characters in the play. And right there, it seems that he is able
to turn the course of the case with the cherry orchard in the other direction: to help save. But
it doesn't happen.
Apparently, Chekhov did this on purpose in order to show the outcome of the case, the most
tragic, sad, but real. Chekhov did not invent a miraculous
salvation, to finally open the eyes of people. Everything for Petya
what happened to the garden is the beginning of a new life, in any case, he is very
I want to believe in it, the life for which he lives, to which he aspires.

18
But why shouldn't he grow new seeds on already prepared soil? Or
this soil is not fit to give new life? philosophical
questions in the play constantly arise before the reader. And they are not only
in the plot itself, they are in the characters themselves, which are carried in The Cherry Orchard
great semantic load. The image of Petya Trofimov is among them and,
perhaps one of the main ones.
This hero, to the best of his ability, helps those who are at the head of the movement. IN
Chekhov's play needed a representative of this trend. Among the passive
figures of "The Cherry Orchard" Petya is the only effective character,
a thinking character, forcing others to think. It doesn't always work out,
but the essence is in that impulse, in that great mission (and in comparison with the actions
other characters, she is really great!) which she performs in
work of Petya Trofimov. It seems to me that this hero can be called
bearer of the truth of life, not afraid to recognize it and try to correct it.
The image of Gaev
Gaev Leonid Andreevich, brother of Ranevskaya, also a typical representative
bygone era. And not only because he is categorical against cutting down the garden.
Their sentimentality is understandable. All my life was lived next to it
garden. Both Leonid Andreevich and his sister are used to having everything decided for them
others: estate managers, peasants who paid dues. Therefore, they are not
can offer nothing reasonable in the current situation, again
trying to shift their problems onto Lopakhin, the Yaroslavl aunt,
anyone but themselves. Gaev is a player. He even thinks
card categories, while away from the card table. After
sale of the estate Leonid Andreevich was offered a place in a bank with a good

annual salary. But whether he will serve, this question remains open.
19
Lopakhin as an image of the future painted by Chekhov
Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich, a peasant son, and now, young and
successful merchant. He himself admits that, as he was, he remained a man.
Business acumen in it, of course, there is. But educational and cultural
level leaves much to be desired. He is well aware of this, and
ashamed, admitting that he writes like a chicken paw. Lopakhin's proposal
cut down a garden and give land plots for the construction of summer cottages, in fact, not so
stupid in the light of new changes, but representatives of the outgoing century
take him for granted. Lopakhin is determined and assertive. Can
achieve the set goal. Can Lopakhin be called a predator?
The question is moot. Predator would not offer his own option to obtain
arrived and saved the estate, but on the contrary, would do everything to get it
As soon as possible. But he patiently and persistently inspired Ranevskaya and Gaev
way out of the current situation. And if the landowner's family accepted him
offer, at best, Lopakhin would become a manager, and the main
the profit from the land would be received by brother and sister. Lopakhin also in his own way
attached to the estate. His ancestors lived on this land, here is his homeland, and
so he did his best to buy it, if the estate is all the same
was put up for sale. Do not give in to Deriganov's homeland. His joy
can be understood. He, “the same Yermolai bought an estate, more beautiful than
there is nothing in the world." He knows how to appreciate beauty. “And when my poppy blossomed, what
it was a picture! He also knows how to create this beauty.
Many literary critics believe that Petya Trofimov personifies
new Russia. I cannot agree with this point of view. It is Yermolai

Lopakhin is a peasant son and a merchant who works from morning to night, not this one.
eternal student, personifies the new Russia. Because when Petya
reasoned, criticizing others and urging everyone to work, Lopakhin worked.
20
When Petya was talking about peasants who have a bad life, Lopakhin gave
the opportunity for these men to earn their bread when they planted poppies. AND
with a sense of fulfillment, he can afford to admire the blooming
field, which gave him 40,000 net profits. It is for such
people like Lopakhin, the future of Russia.
Character features. The concept of "hero" is inapplicable to Chekhov's characters
in the traditional sense of the word (nothing "heroic" in them, of course,
no), therefore in Czech studies they often use the term "Chekhov
character".
Memoirists testify that Chekhov was alien to pathos, external
manifestation of feelings, all sorts of theatrical effects. And his heroes are
"ordinary people. “Chekhov brought to virtuosity, to genius the ordinary
picture of ordinary life. “Without a hero” - this is how you can name everything
add to his writings and to himself not without sadness: “without heroism” ”(V.V.
Rozanov).
In Chekhov's stories, there is no division of heroes into positive and
negative. The author, as a rule, does not give preference to any of the
them. What matters to the writer is not the trial of the characters, but the clarification of the reasons
misunderstandings between people.
Chekhov is a realistic author, and in stories the character of the hero
is revealed in his relationships with other characters, in his
rooted in everyday life circumstances, trifles, in his
depending on time. The heroes of Chekhov's stories are peasants, merchants,

landowners, high school students, doctors, officials ... Moreover, the writer is not interested in
so much the social status of the characters as their behavior, psychology, their
human essence.
21
The formation of the so-called Chekhov hero (in contrast, for example, from
heroes N.V. Gogol, F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy) completed to the beginning
1890s. This is an ordinary intellectual, an average person, educated,
often talented, great worker, doing his job without any
pathos (teaching, treating people, etc.), bypassed during his lifetime
universal recognition, its value is more often realized by others after
his death.
Chekhov's hero, most often, is lonely. He yearns for the lost meaning
life, about the lack of harmony, but believes in a wonderful life, in a free and
creative person.

22
Chapter 3
The image of the cherry orchard is the central image in Chekhov's comedy,
it is represented by the leitmotif of various time plans, involuntarily
connecting the past with the present. But the cherry orchard is not just a background
events, he is a symbol of estate life. The fate of the estate
plot organizes the play. Already in the first act, right after the meeting
Ranevskaya, a discussion begins on the salvation of the mortgaged estate from the auction. IN
in the third act the estate is sold, in the fourth - farewell to the estate and
past life.
The cherry orchard personifies not only the estate: it is a beautiful creation
nature that man must preserve.
The author pays great attention to this image, which is confirmed
detailed remarks and replicas of the characters. All the atmosphere that
connected in the play with the image of the cherry orchard, serves to affirm its
enduring aesthetic value, the loss of which cannot but impoverish
spiritual life of people. That is why the image of the garden is taken out in the title.

The Cherry Orchard acts as a kind of moral criterion, according to
in relation to him, not only the characters of the play are determined, but also we.
"The Cherry Orchard" is a comedy about careless Russian people, - wrote Yu,
Sobolev. In this play, it turns into sadness, turns into anxiety. big
the number of comic scenes - Charlotte's tricks, Epikhodov's mistakes, stupid
Gaev's speeches only intensify sadness, "longing for the ideal." In classical
comedy vice is usually punished, virtue triumphs.
23

There are no clearly negative characters in Chekhov's play, and positive
missing. It is unclear at first glance and the conflict of the work. The thing is,
that the subject of representation in the playwright's plays is actually not
action, their unwillingness and impossibility to perform an act. This is what
ridiculed in the comedies of Chekhov K.S. Stanislavsky noted a special
the nature of the conflict in the play "The Cherry Orchard"
The comedy of The Cherry Orchard is rooted in situations that reflect comedic
the meaning of life itself. Chekhov interpreted this genre in a peculiar way. In his
comedy is a drama, with the subtlest irony, ridiculing
vulgarity. The traditional accusatory pathos, "laughter through tears", according to
to the apt remark of the writer Teffi, in Chekhov's poetics is replaced by
"Laughter instead of tears"
The play "The Cherry Orchard" was written by A.P. Chekhov in 1903, on
the turn of the eras. At this time, the author is full of the feeling that Russia is in
ahead of a huge change. Like any person, Chekhov dreamed of the future,
about a new life that will bring people something bright, pure and beautiful.
It is this motive of expecting a better life that sounds in the play The Cherry Orchard.
Chekhov feels that the old life is gradually disappearing, and the new one is just
is born.

How did Chekhov see the future? What future did he dream of?
The title of the play is symbolic. “All of Russia is our garden,” Chekhov said.
Thinking about the death of the cherry orchard, about the fate of the inhabitants of the ruined estate,
he mentally imagined "the whole of Russia" at the turn of the epochs.
The Cherry Orchard is a complex and ambiguous image. It's not only
specific garden, which is part of the estate of Gaev and Ranevskaya, but also the image
symbol.
It symbolizes not only the beauty of Russian nature, but, most importantly, the beauty
the lives of the people who nurtured this garden and admired it, the life that
24
garden.
dies
The image of the cherry orchard unites all the heroes of the play around itself. On
death
With

together

at first glance, it seems that these are only relatives and old acquaintances,
who, by chance, gathered on the estate to solve their worldly
Problems. But it's not. The writer connects characters of different ages and
social groups, and they will have to somehow decide the fate of the garden, and
That means your own destiny.
The cherry orchard is a symbol of beauty. But who will save beauty if people
who are able to appreciate it, unable to fight for it, and people who are energetic and
active people look at it only as a source of profit and profit?
The Cherry Orchard is a symbol of the past dear to the heart and the native hearth. But
is it possible to go forward when the sound of an ax is heard behind your back,
destroying all that was once holy? The cherry orchard is a symbol of goodness, and
therefore, expressions such as “chopping the roots”, “trample the flower” or
“hitting a tree with an ax” sounds blasphemous and inhuman.

Reflecting on the characters and actions of the heroes of the play, we think
over the fate of Russia, which is for us the same “cherry orchard”.
25
Conclusion
A.P. Chekhov as a Russian writer and Russian intellectual was worried about
the fate of the Motherland on the eve of social changes felt by society.
The system of images of the play "The Cherry Orchard" reflects the writer's view of
past, present and future of Russia.
The images of the play represent, on the one hand, the social strata of Russia
on the eve of the turning point (nobility, merchants, raznochintsy intelligentsia,
partly the peasantry). On the other hand, these groups reflect
past, present and future of the country.
Russia itself is represented by the image of the Cherry Orchard, to which, with tender
all the characters are loving.
The personification of the past are the images of Ranevskaya and Gaev. This past,
leaving the historical arena of noble nests. In Gaev and Ranevskaya
there is no selfish calculation: the idea is completely alien to them, to sell

cherry orchard underground for summer residents. They subtly feel the beauty of nature
(“To the right, at the turn of the gazebo, a white tree leaned over, like
woman "...). They are characterized by some childish perception: Ranevskaya
treats money childishly, does not count them. But this is not only childish,
but also the habit of living without considering expenses. Both Gaev and Ranevskaya are kind.
Lopakhin remembers how long ago Ranevskaya took pity on him. Regrets
Ranevskaya and Petya Trofimova with his disorder, and Anya, who
was left without a dowry and a passerby.
But the time of the Gaevs and Ranevskys has passed. Their intelligence, inability to live,
carelessness turns into callousness and selfishness.
26
Ranevskaya squanders a fortune, leaving her daughter in the care of a foster
daughter Vari, leaves for Paris with her lover, having received money from
Yaroslavl grandmother, intended for Anya, she decides to return to
Paris to the man who practically robbed her, while she does not think
How will Anya's life go on? She takes care of the sick Firs,
asking if he was sent to the hospital, but she cannot verify this and
doesn't want to. Ranevskaya is a man of words, but not deeds. Firs stays in
boarded up house.
The result of the life of the nobles is a consequence of a life in debt, a life based on oppression
others.
As already mentioned, the role of the Cherry Orchard in the figurative system of the play is huge.
It is around the cherry orchard that an external conflict is tied up, its own
all the heroes of the play express their attitude to the garden. Therefore, humanly
tragically feels the viewer and the reader of his fate6 “... and you can only hear how
Far away in the garden they knock on wood with an axe.

Chekhov, both a writer and a playwright, is characterized by a sensitive listening to
the beat of everyday life, the ability to find in this life the most important social
problems and construct your work in such a way that these problems become
property of compatriots.
27
List of used literature





Chekhov A.P. The Cherry Orchard: A Play/Foreword. V. A. Bogdanova; Rice. V.P.
Panova.M.: Det. lit., 1980
Chekhov A.P. Collected works in 20 volumes. M., 1951
Bogdanov V. A. Premonition of the future Foreword. K Cherry Orchard, M.:
Det. lit., 1980
Gromov M.P. Chekhov. M.. 1993
Ermilov VV Hello, new life! Introductory article to Chekhov
A.P. The Cherry Orchard, M, Detgiz, 1963











Zakharkin D.F. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Essay on life and work
M., Soviet Russia, 1961
Kapshev V.B. Literary connections of Chekhov. M.. 1989
Kataev V.B. The Complexity of Simplicity: Chekhov's Stories and Plays. 2nd ed. ­
M.: Izdvo MSU, 1999
Paperiy Z.S. "Contrary to all the rules ..." (Plays and vaudevilles of Chekhov).
M..1982.
Polotskikh E.A. Ways of Chekhov's heroes. M,. 1983.
Skaftymov A.P. On the unity of form and content in Cherry Salt
A.P. Chekhov. To the question of the principles of construction of plays by A.P. Chekhov //
Skaftymov A.P. Moral quests of Russian writers. M.. 1972.
Chekhov in the memoirs of contemporaries. M., Goslitizdat, 1952
Chekhov and the theatre. Letters. Feuilletons. Contemporaries about Chekhovedramaturg.
M.. 1961.
Chudikov A.P. Poetics of Chekhov. M.. 1971
Chukovsky K.I. About Chekhov. M., 1967.
28

The genre of the play "The Cherry Orchard" is defined in different ways. A.P. Chekhov called his work a comedy, Stanislavsky called it a tragedy, and contemporaries spoke of the immortal work as a drama.

For all three assumptions, there are good reasons in the text of Chekhov's creation.

Comedy. There are many comic situations in The Cherry Orchard: the love idyll of Yasha and Dunyasha, magic tricks and Charlotte Ivanovna's speech, Spikhodov's failures. Also in the characters, which cannot be called absolutely comical, there is a lot of funny. For example, Lopakhin is often funny with his jokes - such as "goodbye" or "Okhmeliya, go to the monastery", although he is a rich man respected by all. And Petya Trofimov - "eternal student", "funny man", "shabby gentleman" - often gets into ridiculous situations, for example, falls down the stairs.

Tragedy. At the same time, there is a lot of tragedy in the characters of the play. So, Charlotte Ivanovna, on the one hand, is considered a funny and ridiculous woman, and, on the other hand, a lonely person without a homeland and without relatives. Firs is ridiculous with his deafness, and at the same time the fate of the "forgotten" person is very tragic. There is not a single happy person in the play: Varya experiences unrequited love, Lopakhin, despite his wealth, looks unhappy, Petya remains an inactive dreamer and philosopher.

Drama. The main source of drama in the work is not the conflict, which is the struggle for the cherry orchard, but the subjective dissatisfaction with human life. This dissatisfaction is equally experienced by all the heroes of A.P. Chekhov's work, without exception. The life and fate of the characters proceeds awkwardly, not as we would like, bringing no joy, no positive emotions, no feeling of serene happiness to anyone.

"The Cherry Orchard" is a lyrical play in four acts by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, the genre of which the author himself defined as a comedy. The play was written in 1903 and first staged on January 17, 1904 at the Moscow Art Theatre. One of the most famous works of Chekhov and one of the most famous Russian plays written at that time. The Cherry Orchard is Chekhov's last play, completed on the threshold of the first Russian revolution, a year before his early death. The idea for the play came from Chekhov in early 1901. The play was completed on September 26, 1903.

To understand the main conflict in the play "The Cherry Orchard" it is necessary to take into account the time of writing this work and the circumstances of its creation.

Chekhov wrote The Cherry Orchard at the beginning of the 20th century, when Russia was at the crossroads of eras, when the revolution was inevitably approaching, and many felt the impending enormous changes in the entire habitual and established way of life of Russian society. Many writers of that time tried to comprehend and understand the changes taking place in the country, and Anton Pavlovich was no exception. The play "The Cherry Orchard" was presented to the public in 1904, becoming the final in the work and life of the great writer, and in it Chekhov reflected his thoughts about the fate of his country.

The decline of the nobility, caused by changes in the social structure and the inability to adapt to new conditions; separation from their roots not only of landowners, but also of peasants who began to move to the city; the birth of a new class of the bourgeoisie, who came to the place of the merchants; the emergence of intellectuals who came from the common people - and all this against the background of the emerging general discontent with life - this is perhaps the main source of the conflict in the comedy "The Cherry Orchard". The destruction of dominant ideas and spiritual purity affected society, and the playwright caught it on a subconscious level.

Feeling the coming changes, Chekhov tried to convey his feelings to the viewer through the peculiarity of the conflict in the play The Cherry Orchard, which became a new type, characteristic of all his dramaturgy. This conflict does not originate between people or social forces, it manifests itself in the discrepancy and repulsion of real life, its denial and replacement. And it could not be played, this conflict could only be felt. By the beginning of the 20th century, society was not yet able to accept this, and it was necessary to rebuild not only the theater, but also the audience, and for the theater, which knew and was able to reveal open confrontations, it was practically impossible to convey the features of the conflict in the play The Cherry Orchard.

That is why Chekhov was disappointed with the premiere. Indeed, out of habit, the conflict marked the clash of the past in the face of impoverished landowners and the future. However, the future closely connected with Petya Trofimov and Anya does not fit into Chekhov's logic. It is unlikely that Anton Pavlovich connected the future with the "shabby gentleman" and "eternal student" Petya, who was not even able to keep track of the safety of his old galoshes, or Anya, in explaining whose role, Chekhov made the main emphasis on her youth, and this was the main requirement for performer.

Why did Chekhov focus on the role of Lopakhin, saying that if his character fails, then the whole play will fail? At first glance, it is precisely Lopakhin's opposition to the frivolous and passive owners of the garden that is a conflict in his classical interpretation, and Lopakhin's triumph after the purchase is his permission. However, it was precisely this interpretation that the author feared. The playwright said many times, fearing the coarsening of the role, that Lopakhin is a merchant, but not in his traditional sense, that he is a soft person, and in no case can one trust his portrayal of a “screamer”. After all, it is through the correct disclosure of the image of Lopakhin that it becomes possible to understand the entire conflict of the play.

So what is the main conflict of the play? Lopakhin is trying to tell the owners of the estate how to save their property, offering the only real option, but they do not heed his advice. To show the sincerity of his desire to help, Chekhov makes it clear about Lopakhin's tender feelings for Lyubov Andreevna. But despite all the attempts to reason and influence the owners, Ermolai Alekseevich, the “man is a man,” becomes the new owner of a beautiful cherry orchard. And he is glad, but this is fun through tears. Yes, he bought it. He knows what to do with his acquisition in order to make a profit. But why does Lopakhin exclaim: “I wish all this would pass, our awkward, unhappy life would change somehow!” And it is these words that serve as a pointer to the conflict of the play, which turns out to be more philosophical - the discrepancy between the needs of spiritual harmony with the world and reality in the transitional era and, as a result, the person does not coincide with himself and with historical time. In many ways, this is precisely why it is practically impossible to single out the stages of development of the main conflict in the play The Cherry Orchard. After all, it was born even before the beginning of the actions described by Chekhov, and it never found its solution.

Traditionally, the system of images in the play "The Cherry Orchard" is divided into three groups, symbolizing the present, future and past, which include all the characters. In the process of staging the performance, Chekhov gave the actors precise instructions and recommendations on how to play each character, it was very important for him to convey to the viewer the characters of the characters, because it was through their images that Chekhov tried to show the comedy of what was happening. In addition, each actor has a certain socio-historical role. The author seems to be saying that it is possible to correct one's personality, relations with the outside world and other people, but they cannot change one's place in the general history.

The heroes of the past include Ranevskaya with her brother and the old servant Firs: they are so bogged down in their memories that they are unable to adequately assess either the present or the future. Lopakhin is a bright representative of today, a man of action. Well, Petya is an idealist, an eternal student, thinking about the common good, which undoubtedly awaits in the future.

It can be seen that Chekhov built the images in The Cherry Orchard according to his favorite principle of “bad good people”. And in fact, in fact, one of the heroes cannot be singled out as a villain, a victim, or absolutely ideal. Everyone has their own truth, and the viewer only needs to decide which of them is closer to him.

One of the features of Chekhov's images is a combination of positive and negative properties. So, Ranevskaya is characterized by impracticality and selfishness, but at the same time she is able to sincerely love, has a broad soul and generosity, she is beautiful both externally and internally. Gaev, despite his infantilism and sentimentality, is very kind. Brother and sister are characterized by those moral and cultural principles of hereditary nobility, which have already become an echo of the past. The "eternal student" Petya Trofimov argues very correctly and beautifully, but, like the old owners of the garden, he is absolutely divorced from reality and not adapted to life. With his speeches, he also captivates Anya, who embodies the symbol of youth and hope for a better future, but is absolutely helpless in an independent life. Its opposite is Varya, whose earthiness, perhaps, prevents her from arranging her happiness.

Undoubtedly, in the play "The Cherry Orchard" the system of images is headed by Lopakhin. Chekhov insisted that Stanislavsky himself play him, and the playwright tried to convey to the performer the psychology of this character. Perhaps he is the only one whose inner convictions are as close as possible to actions. Another striking feature of all the characters in this play is the inability and unwillingness to hear each other, everyone is so busy with themselves and their personal experiences that they are simply unable to penetrate others. And instead of going through the ongoing test together - the deprivation of the house - they live with ideas about their future, in which everyone will be on their own.

The symbol of the garden in the play "The Cherry Orchard" occupies one of the central places. This work drew a line under all the work of A.P. Chekhov. It is with the garden that the author compares Russia, putting this comparison into the mouth of Petya Trofimov: “All of Russia is our garden.” But why is the orchard cherry, and not apple, for example? It is noteworthy that Chekhov placed special emphasis on the pronunciation of the name of the garden precisely through the letter “Ё”, and for Stanislavsky, with whom this play was discussed, the difference between the “cherry” and “cherry” garden did not immediately become clear. And the difference, according to him, was that cherry is a garden that can make a profit, and it is always needed, and cherry is the guardian of the outgoing aristocratic life, blooming and growing to delight the aesthetic tastes of its owners.

Chekhov's dramaturgy tends to involve not only the characters, but also the environment around them: he believed that only through the description of daily life and routine affairs it is possible to fully reveal the characters' characters.

It was in Chekhov's plays that "undercurrents" appeared, giving movement to everything that happens. Another feature of Chekhov's plays was the use of symbols. Moreover, these symbols had two directions - one side was real, and had a very substantive outline, and the second side was elusive, it can only be felt at the subconscious level. This is what happened in The Cherry Orchard. The symbolism of the play lies in the garden, and in the sounds heard behind the stage, and even in Epikhodov's broken billiard cue, and in the fall of Petya Trofimov from the stairs. But of particular importance in Chekhov's dramaturgy are the symbols of nature, which include manifestations of the surrounding world.

The meaning of the cherry orchard symbol in the play is by no means accidental. In many nations, flowering cherry trees symbolize purity and youth. For example, in China, spring flowering, in addition to the above meanings, correlates with courage and female beauty, and the tree itself is a symbol of good luck and spring. In Japan, the cherry blossom is the emblem of the country and the samurai, and signifies prosperity and wealth. And for Ukraine, cherry is the second symbol after viburnum, denoting the feminine. Cherry is associated with a beautiful young girl, and the cherry garden in songwriting is a favorite place for walking. The symbolism of the cherry orchard near the house in Ukraine is huge, it is he who drives away the evil force from the house, playing the role of a talisman. There was even a belief: if there is no garden near the hut, then devils gather around it. When moving, the garden remained untouched, as a reminder of the origins of its kind. For Ukraine, cherry is a divine tree. But at the end of the play, a beautiful cherry orchard goes under the axe. Isn't this a warning that great trials lie ahead not only for the heroes, but for the entire Russian Empire? Not without reason, after all, Russia is compared with this garden.

For each character, the symbol of the garden in the comedy The Cherry Orchard has its own meaning. The action of the play begins in May, when the cherry orchard, whose fate is to be decided by the owners, blooms, and ends in late autumn, when all nature freezes. Flowering reminds Ranevskaya and Gaev of their childhood and youth, this garden has been with them all their lives, and they simply cannot imagine how it can not be. They love it, they admire and are proud of it, saying that their garden is listed in the book of sights of the area. They understand that they are capable of losing their estates, but they cannot figure out in their heads how it is possible to cut down a beautiful garden and set up some summer cottages in its place. And Lopakhin sees the profit that he can bring, but this is only a superficial attitude towards the garden. After all, having bought it for a lot of money, without leaving competitors at the auction the slightest chance to take possession of it, it is recognized that this cherry orchard is the best that he has ever seen. The triumph of the purchase is connected, first of all, with his pride, because the illiterate man, as Lopakhin considered himself, became the master where his grandfather and father "were slaves."

Petya Trofimov is most indifferent to the garden. He admits that the garden is beautiful, it delights the eye, attaches some importance to the life of its owners, but every twig and leaf tells him about hundreds of serfs who worked to make the garden flourish and that this garden is a relic of serfdom that needs to be put an end to. . He is trying to convey the same to Anya, who loves the garden, but not as much as her parent, ready to hold on to him to the last. And Anya understands that it is impossible to start a new life by preserving this garden. It is she who calls on the mother to leave in order to lay a new garden, implying that it is necessary to start another life that will fit into the realities of the time.

Firs is also closely connected with the fate of the estate and the garden, having served in it all his life. He is too old to start something anew, and he had such an opportunity when serfdom was abolished and they wanted to marry him, but getting freedom for him would be a misfortune, and he speaks directly about it. He is deeply attached to the garden, to the house, to the owners. He is not even offended when he finds that he was forgotten in an empty house, either because he no longer has the strength and is indifferent to him, or because he understands that the old existence has ended, and in the future there is nothing for him. And how symbolic the death of Firs looks to the sounds of a garden being cut down, this is due to the fact that in the final scene the role of symbols is intertwined - the sound of a broken string drowns in the sounds of ax blows, showing that the past has irretrievably gone.

Throughout the play, it is clear that the characters are connected with the cherry orchard, some more, some less, but it is through their attitude to him that the author tried to reveal their meaning in the temporary space of the past, present and future. The symbol of the cherry orchard in Chekhov's play is a symbol of Russia, which is at the crossroads of its development, when ideologies and social strata are mixed up and many people simply have no idea what will happen next. But this is so unobtrusively shown in the play that even M. Gorky, in whom the production did not arouse high appreciation, admitted that it aroused in him a deep and inexplicable longing.

The singular is drawn to visual\nshow the generality, and in a visual picture\nillustrate any generality” (A.F. Losev).\n \nName the central image-symbol of the play\nA. P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" and give the maximum\nnumber of its interpretations, justifying all interpretations..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29 \/30\/1\/f\/2-page-12_300.jpg"),("number":13,"text":"abstracts\n The generalized symbolic subtext\nis embedded in the system of images: all the main estates, three generations;\nheroes are divided into "people of phrase" and "people of deed", singled out in the system of images\n"victims and predators, unfortunate and \nhappy"; all heroes can be called "stupid" in one way or another. .jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-13_300.jpg" ),("number":14,"text":"- The play has a system of \nsymbolic contrasts (dream - reality, \nhappiness - misfortune, past - future).\n- Traditional \nsymbols, words- emblems. (Trofimov: "we \ngo irresistibly towards a bright star".\n- Plot twists in A. P. Chekhov's play often \nacquire symbolic overtones. \nplays)..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page- 14_300.jpg"),("number":15,"text":"Author's remarks sometimes lead\nto a conditional plan. (Petya\nfascinates Anya with loud words,\nwhich are filled with faith in a wonderful\nfuture: "I foresee happiness..., I already see it...". the same sad song on the guitar".\nThis is how the author's doubts about the validity of Petya's premonitions appear..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\ /30\/1\/f\/2-page-15_300.jpg"),("number":16,"text":"Summary conversation\n Determine the chronological framework of the play. organization of the Cherry Orchard?\n \nHow is the theme of the passing time revealed in the actions of the characters?\n \nWhat, in your opinion, is the internal conflict of the play?\n \nA. P. Chekhov's play seems to you a drama or a comedy\n garden"?\n \nWho is to blame for the death of "The Cherry Orchard"?\n \nHow does Ranevskaya's environment, proximity to other characters of the play affect the reader's attitude to Lyubov Andreevna's drama?\n \nWhat makes you regret, and what hopes does it raise? Cherry\ngarden by A.P. Chekhov?\n \nWhat are your impressions of the work of the writer, playwright, just\nman? Has something changed in your initial perception of his\ncreativity and himself?.jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30 \/1\/f\/2-page-16_300..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/ 1\/f\/2-page-17_300.jpg"),("number":18,"text":""The whole of Russia is our garden."\n\n"We will plant a new garden,\nmore luxurious than this one." .jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-18_300.jpg" ),("number":19,"text":"Homework\nWrite a miniature essay\noffering your own version of saving\nthe cherry orchard..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\ /\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-19_300.jpg"),("number":20,"text":"Internet resources\nhttp :\/\/www.0lik.ru\/cliparts\/clipartrastr\/180727-klenovye-ugolki.h\ntml\nhttp:\/\/www.google.ru\/imgres\nhttp:\/\/www .google..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-20_300 .jpg")]">

THE PLACE OF THE CHERRY GARDEN IN THE SYSTEM OF IMAGES OF A. P. CHEKHOV'S PLAY "THE CHERRY GARDEN". SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE NAME. "The weather is wonderful. Everything sings, blooms, shines with beauty. All these trees bloom white, which is why they are strikingly similar to brides during a wedding."( From a letter by A.P. Chekhov, 1889) "Listening to Chekhov's play, in reading it does not give the impression of a major thing. New - not a word. Everything - mood, ideas - if you can talk about them - faces, all this is already was in his plays. Of course, it’s beautiful, and - of course - from the stage it will blow on the audience with green longing. But I don’t know what longing is about. " (M. Gorky) "I cried like a woman, I wanted to, but I could not restrain myself. No , for an ordinary person, this is a tragedy ... I feel special tenderness and love for this play. "(K. Stanislavsky) "... it seemed to me that The Cherry Orchard is not a play, but a piece of music, a symphony. And this play must be played especially truthfully, without real rudeness” (MI Lilina, actress) Plot (from French sujet – subject, content) - - a system of events in a work of art, revealing the characters of the characters and the writer's attitude to the phenomena depicted; - the sequence, the course of events that make up the content of a work of art. The plot is based on conflict. Conflict (from lat. conflictus) - an acute clash of characters and circumstances, views and principles of life, which is the basis of action; contradiction, clash between characters. The cherry orchard, which is both the background of the action, and the protagonist, and a comprehensive symbol, can be considered in three main aspects garden - image and character garden - time garden - symbolic space Analytical conversation What is the relationship between the concepts symbol allegory? What is the fundamental difference between these concepts? Express your thought by inserting the words “symbol” and “allegory” into the sentence with gaps: “In< ... > < ... >the singular is drawn to visually show the generality, and in< ... > < ... >a clear picture illustrates any commonality ”(A.F. Losev). Name the central image-symbol of A.P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" and give the maximum number of its interpretations, substantiating all interpretations. theses The generalized symbolic subtext is embedded in the system of images: all the main classes, three generations are represented; the heroes are divided into “people of phrase” and “people of deeds”, are singled out in the system of images “victims and predators, unfortunate and happy”; all the characters can be called "stupid" in one way or another. - The play has a system of symbolic oppositions (dream - reality, happiness - trouble, past - future). - In the speech of the heroes there are traditional symbols, words-emblems. (Trofimov: “We are heading irresistibly towards a bright star.” - The plot twists in A.P. Chekhov’s play often acquire symbolic overtones. (The finale of the play. The blame for the tragic denouement of Firs’s life is placed on all the main characters of the play). The author’s remarks sometimes translate the action into a conditional plan. (Petya fascinates Anya with loud words that are filled with faith in a wonderful future: “I foresee happiness ..., I already see it ...". It is not by chance that Epikhodov is mentioned in the author's remark, who "plays the same guitar sad song". This is how the author's doubt about the validity of Petya's premonitions is manifested. Summarizing conversation Determine the chronological framework of the play. What is the peculiarity of the spatio-temporal organization of The Cherry Orchard? How is the theme of passing time revealed in the actions of the characters? What, in your opinion, internal conflict of the play? Does A. P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" seem to you a drama or a comedy? Who is to blame for the death of the "Cherry Orchard"? How does Ranevskaya's environment, proximity to other heroes of the play influence the reader's attitude to Lyubov Andreevna's drama? What makes you regret, and what hopes does A.P. Chekhov’s “The Cherry Orchard” arouse? What are your impressions of the work of the writer, playwright, just a person? Has anything changed in your initial perception of his work and himself? "All Russia is our garden." "We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this." Homework Write a miniature essay, offering your own version of saving the cherry orchard. Internet resources http://www.0lik.ru/cliparts/clipartrastr/180727-klenovyeugolki.html http://www.google.ru/imgres http://www.google.ru/imgres

Pan

Subject: Russian literature

Takyryp

Subject: The play "The Cherry Orchard". Character system. symbolism in the play. (2 hours)

Oқytu men tarbieludin mindetteri:

Lesson Objectives:

Bilimdik

educational:

- expand the understanding of the work of A.P. Chekhov through the analysis of the play "The Cherry Orchard";

Consolidate theoretical knowledge: types of drama, symbol;

Damytushylyk

developing:

Develop associative, figurative thinking, the ability to analyze, generalize, draw conclusions, develop monologue speech;

Tarbielik

educational:

Contribute to the spiritual development of students, the formation of moral values.

Sabaқtyn turі

Lesson type : a lesson in obtaining new knowledge

Addis

Method: partial search

Sabak oқytuda қoldanatyn ұyimdastyru adіsterі

Form : group.

Құral-zhabdyқtar

Equipment: text of the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard", presentation for the lesson.

Kornekti құraldar

visual material: illustrations for the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard", handout.

Sabak barys:

During the classes:

Organizational moment.

Target setting .

Hello guys! I'm glad to see you. Look carefully at how the office is decorated today. Why exactly the way you think? What is the topic of the lesson, please.

What do you think, what tasks will we solve in today's lesson? (children's answers: we will find out how Chekhov's play was created, we will determine the genre of the play, we will get to know the characters, we will learn to speak correctly and beautifully.)

In notebooks, write down the date, the topic of the lesson during the lesson, make the necessary entries in the notebook.

Main part.

Today you are divided into groups that will help you better understand the meaning of the play "The Cherry Orchard": the image of the cherry orchard, past, present, future. And in this regard, we will have to answer the main question:

What kind of “unconditional and honest truth” could Chekhov see at the end of XIX century?

Messages

1. Features of the dramatic method of Chekhov the innovator

Genre: New Drama.

Principles of the "new drama"

mood theater

There are no villains or angels

Dialogue drives action and reveals characters

subtext

The significance of each replica

Key Symbols

The history of the creation of the play "The Cherry Orchard"

On March 7, 1901, he confesses to his wife O. Knipper: “The next play that I write will certainly be funny, very funny, at least by design.” “He imagined,” recalls Stanislavsky, “an open window, with a branch of white flowering cherries climbing from the garden into the room. Artyom had already become a lackey, and then, for no reason at all, a manager. His master, and sometimes it seemed to him that she was the mistress, is always without money, and at critical moments she turns for help to her footman or manager, who has quite a lot of money accumulated from somewhere. This is the last play of the writer, so it contains his most intimate thoughts about life, about the fate of the motherland.

Meaning of the play's title:

Listen, notAnd shnevy, and Cherryyo your garden,” he announced, and burst into laughter. At first I didn’t even understand what it was about, but Anton Pavlovich continued to savor the title of the play, emphasizing the gentle sound “ё” in the word “Cherry”, as if trying with its help to caress the former beautiful, but now unnecessary life that he destroyed with tears in his play. This time I understood the subtlety: "The Cherry Orchard" is a business, commercial garden that generates income. Such a garden is needed and

Now. But the "Cherry Orchard" does not bring income, it keeps in itself and in its blooming whiteness the poetry of the former aristocratic life. Such a garden grows and blooms for a whim, for the eyes of spoiled aesthetes. It is a pity to destroy it, but it is necessary, since the process of the country's economic development requires

this.

K. S. Stanislavsky: A. P. Chekhov in the Art Theater. In the book "A. P. Chekhov in the memoirs of his contemporaries» .

So, our goal is to understand what is behind the cherry orchard, how the characters relate to it, and what the cherry orchard is a symbol of.

And now imagine for a moment that each of you in your group already has the main images of the play, and we ourselves are already the heroes of our play.

Introduce yourself - group business cards

Groups introduce themselves: table decorations, color coding for their names.

And now let's see how the heroes of the play relate to the cherry orchard - the performance of the "Image of the Cherry Orchard" group.

Let's try to make a cluster "The Cherry Orchard through the eyes of heroes"

Ranevskaya - childhood

Anya - childhood, Lopakhin's house - present, peasant (slave), dachas

Firs - lordly well-being

Peter Trofimov - serfdom Gaev - childhood

“If there is anything interesting, even remarkable, in the whole province, it is only our cherry orchard.”

The garden is the past, childhood, but also a sign of well-being, pride, a memory of happiness.

“And the Encyclopedic Dictionary mentions this garden.”

The garden is a symbol of childhood, the garden is a home, but childhood has to be parted.

"Why do I no longer like the cherry orchard as before."

Garden - hope for the future.

"We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this."

The garden is a memory of the past: grandfather and father were serfs; hopes for the future - cut down, break into plots, rent out. The garden is a source of wealth, a source of pride.

Lopakhin: "If the cherry orchard ... then rent out for summer cottages, then you will have at least twenty-five thousand a year income."

"Cherry is born every two years, and no one buys that one"

How do Firs and Petya Trofimov feel about the cherry orchard?

( For Firs garden - lordly well-being.

“In the old days, forty or fifty years ago, they dried cherries, soaked them, pickled them, cooked jam ... There was money!”

For Trofimov : the cherry orchard symbolizes the serf past.

“Really… human beings are not looking at you from every leaf, from every trunk…”.

"All Russia is our garden" - this is his dream of a transformed homeland, but it is not clear whose forces this will be done)

Question:

What is the symbol of the cherry orchard in the play by A.P. Chekhov?

(The garden is a symbol of home, a symbol of beauty, a symbol of the past, a symbol of the present, a symbol of the future, Russia).

The garden for the author embodies love for the native nature; bitterness because they cannot save her beauty and wealth; the author's thought about a person who can change life is important; the garden is a symbol of a lyrical, poetic attitude towards the Motherland. In the author's remarks: "beautiful garden", "wide space", the sound of a broken string, the sound of an ax.

Chekhov: "In the second act, you will give me a real green field and a road, and an extraordinary distance for the stage." "The sound...should be shorter and felt quite far away" .

And now let's find out everything about the cherry, its properties? Is it useful?

3. Cherry message.

Fizminutka

System of images - characteristics of heroes by groups

Past tense (Ranevskaya, Gaev)

Present tense (Lopakhin)

Future tense (Trofimov, Anya)

What characters symbolize what?

Describe the characters in the past:

Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna

Lack of will, inability, romantic enthusiasm, unstable psyche, inability to live

Outwardly charming, loves nature, music, sweet, kind, simple, trusting and sincere to the point of enthusiasm, but there is no depth in her emotional experiences: her moods are fleeting, she easily passes from tears to laughter

As if sensitive and attentive to people, but what indifference to everything that goes beyond her well-being

Gaev Leonid Andreevich

Willless, worthless, lived all his life on the estate, doing nothing

Ate my fortune on lollipops

The only occupation is billiards.

Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna - the main character of "The Cherry Orchard" - in the past, a rich aristocrat, accustomed to live at the behest of her heart. Her husband died quite early, leaving a lot of debts. While she indulged in new feelings, her little son tragically died. Considering herself guilty of this tragedy, she runs away from home, from her lover abroad, who, among other things, followed her and literally plundered her there. But her hopes for finding peace did not come true. She loves her garden and her estate, but she cannot save it. It is unthinkable for her to accept Lopakhin’s proposal, because then the centuries-old order in which the title of “landowner” is passed down from generation to generation carrying the cultural and historical heritage, inviolability and confidence in the worldview will be violated.

Lyubov Andreevna and herbrother Gaev all the best features of the nobility are characteristic: responsiveness, generosity, education, a sense of beauty, the ability to sympathize.
However, in modern times, all their positive qualities are not needed and are turned in the opposite direction. Generosity becomes irrepressible squandering, responsiveness and the ability to sympathize turn into slobbering, education turns into idle talk.

According to Chekhov, these two heroes do not deserve sympathy and their feelings are not as deep as it might seem.

The present:

Lopakhin

Enormous energy, enterprise, wide scope of work

Becomes the owner of the estate created by the hands of his great-grandfather

Petya Trofimov: “This is how, in terms of metabolism, you need a predatory beast that eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed”

In The Cherry Orchard, the main characters talk more than they do, and the only person is the action.Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich , the central character, according to the author. Chekhov was sure that if his image failed, then the whole play would fail. Lopakhin is designated as a merchant, but the modern word "businessman" would be more suitable for him. The son and grandson of serfs became a millionaire thanks to his intuition, determination and intelligence, because if he were stupid and not educated, how could he achieve such success in his business? And it is no coincidence that Petya Trofimov speaks of his subtle soul. After all, only Ermolai Alekseevich realizes the value of the old garden and its true beauty. But his commercial streak overdoes, and he is forced to destroy the garden.

And who is the symbol of the future?

Trofimov Petya - an eternal student and a "shabby gentleman." Apparently, he also belongs to a noble family, but has become, in fact, a homeless tramp, dreaming of the common good and happiness. He talks a lot, but does nothing for the speedy onset of a brighter future. He is also unusual for deep feelings for the people around him and attachment to the place. He lives only in dreams. However, he managed to captivate Anya with his ideas.

Anya, daughter of Ranevskaya . Her mother left her in the care of her brother at the age of 12. That is, in adolescence, so important for the formation of personality, Anya was left to her own devices. She inherited the best qualities that are characteristic of the aristocracy. She is naive in a youthful way, perhaps that is why she was so easily carried away by Petya's ideas.

So who is the future? For Petya? For Anya? For Lopakhin?

This question could be rhetorical if history did not give Russia a second attempt to solve it. The end of the play is very symbolic - the old owners leave and forget the dying Firs. So, the logical finale: inactive consumers in the social sense, the servant who served them all his life, and the cherry orchard - all this irrevocably goes into the past, to which there is no way back. History cannot be returned.

I would like to note the cherry orchard as the main symbol in the play. Trofimov's monologue reveals the symbolism of the garden in the play: “The whole of Russia is our garden. The earth is great and beautiful, there are many wonderful places on it. Think, Anya: your grandfather, great-grandfather and all your ancestors were serf-owners who owned living souls, and is it possible that from every cherry in the garden, from every leaf, from every trunk, human beings do not look at you, do you really not hear voices ... Own living souls, because it has reborn all of you who lived before and are living now, so that your mother, you, uncle no longer notice that you live in debt at someone else's expense, at the expense of those people whom you do not let further than the front .. .” All the action takes place around the garden, the characters of the heroes and their destinies are highlighted on its problems. It is also symbolic that the ax raised over the garden caused a conflict between the heroes and in the souls of most heroes the conflict is not resolved, just as the problem is not solved after cutting down the garden.
And so, in order to answer the question that confronted us at the beginning of the lesson, what truth did Chekhov see at the endXIX century, you will have to do creative work.

Creative work. Try to imagine what the cherry orchard would think in October, when the cold is already approaching, and sees people with axes coming towards it - your task is to compose the "Monologue of the Soul of the Cherry Orchard". (5-7 minutes)

During the compilation of the creative work, a sound recording plays: Vocalise No. 5 Tenderness. Garden of Eden S.V. Rachmaninoff

Try to summarize all of the above. How do you understand the image of the cherry orchard?

The image of cherry unites all the heroes of the play around itself. At first glance, it seems that these are only relatives and old acquaintances who, by chance, gathered at the estate to solve their everyday problems. But it's not. The writer connects characters of different ages and social groups, and they must somehow decide the fate of the garden, and hence their own fate.

And how does the author feel about the cherry orchard? What is the symbol of the cherry orchard for A.P. Chekhov?

The garden for the author embodies love for the native nature; bitterness because they cannot save her beauty and wealth; the author's thought about a person who can change life is important; the garden is a symbol of a lyrical, poetic attitude towards the Motherland.

Have you noticed which color is most often repeated in the play?

Of all the variety of colors in the play The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov uses only one - white, applying it in different ways throughout the first act.

“Gaev (opens another window). The garden is all white.

At the same time, the garden in the play has only just been named, it is shown only outside the windows, as the potential possibility of its death is outlined, but not specified.

White color is a premonition of a visual image. The heroes of the work repeatedly talk about him: “Lyubov Andreevna. All, all white! O my garden! To the right, at the turn to the gazebo, a white tree leaned over, like a woman... What an amazing garden! White masses of flowers.

White color- a symbol of purity, light, wisdom.

Outcome

Chekhov in the play "The Cherry Orchard" used almost the entire range of symbolic means of expression: sound, real, verbal symbolism. This helps him create a voluminous artistic canvas, bright and scenic, with its own “undercurrent”, depicting the death of noble nests.

Conclusion

So what truth did Chekhov see?

Chekhov saw the truth about the future of Russia, that everything is in the hands of man: In a troubled era, she will either die or be reborn.

Chekhov in the play "The Cherry Orchard" used almost the entire range of symbolic means of expression: sound, real, verbal symbolism. This helps him create a voluminous artistic canvas, bright and scenic, with its own "undercurrent", depicting the death of noble nests, and the death of old Russia.

Reflection. Summary of the lesson.

Sincwine.

At the end of the lesson - write a cinquain to cherry orchard

1st line - one keyword that determines the content of the syncwine;

2nd line - two adjectives characterizing this concept;

3rd line - three verbs denoting an action within a given topic;

4th line - a short sentence revealing the essence of the topic or attitude to it;

The 5th line is a synonym for the keyword (noun).

First example:

The Cherry Orchard.
Bright, deep.
Written, staged, completed.
Comedy in four acts.
Chekhov.

Lesson grades.

Homework: make a biography clusterI.A. Bunin, read the story The Gentleman from San Francisco.