The influence of artistic creativity on a person. "The influence of fine arts on the human psyche"

• Katkova Daria Sergeevna, student
• Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Belinsky, Penza State University

• ART
• SPIRITUAL CULTURE
• MORAL
• HIGH FEELINGS

This article will help to understand how art affects human psychology. I will try to talk about the positive impact of art on the spiritual culture of a person, and my own research will help me with this. The survey will show how modern youth looks at art and what answers they give to the main questions of my article.

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• The impact of stressful situations on the quality of professional activity
• Emotional and emotive competence of a person: the language of emotions and emotions in language

Probably, every person had to notice the transience of life: days turn into weeks, weeks into months, months into years. Due to the difficult work schedule, difficult studies, we are constantly in a state of fatigue, drowsiness, apathy. After a hard work rhythm, we strive to return home as soon as possible, cover ourselves with a blanket, and spend the rest of the day in quiet tranquility. It would seem that there is nothing wrong with these actions, because most people do this, which means that this is a familiar way of life that no one is surprised at now.

It's like that. But there is a big feature of this way of life: we stop noticing important moments for us, moments that awaken in us spiritual purity, sublimity of feelings, indifference to the beautiful world. This is the very thing without which a person cannot exist - this is his root, the beginning, which gives development to other aspects of his personality. That is why the famous French writer Claude Adrian Helvetius said: "The task of art is to excite the heart."

In my article, I want to convey to readers how great is the role of art in our life, what is its impact on the spiritual and psychological development of a person; what is our inner state after going to the theater, museum, art gallery, after listening to classical music. To do this, I will conduct a short survey, from which we will find out the role of art for each of us, what is its influence on the inner world of a person. But first, we will get acquainted with different interpretations of the concept of art and single out something significant for ourselves.

So, at the moment there are many definitions of art:

1. Art is a specific kind of spiritual reflection and exploration of reality. For many years, art researchers have added further: "aiming at the formation and development of a person's ability to creatively transform the world around him and himself according to the laws of beauty." The very fact that art has a purpose is debatable. The concept of beauty is relative. In this regard, the standard of beauty can vary greatly in different cultural traditions.
2. Art is one of the elements of culture in which artistic and aesthetic values ​​are accumulated.
3. Art is a form of sensory knowledge of the world. There are three methods of human cognition: rational (based on thinking); sensual (based on emotions), irrational (based on intuition). In the main manifestations of the spiritual cultural activity of a person, denoting the symbolic image of culture (science, art, religion), all three are present. Each of these spheres has its predominant areas: science - rational, art - sensual, religion - intuitive.
4. Art is an area of ​​manifestation of human creative abilities.
5. Art is the process of mastering artistic values ​​by a person, giving him a certain pleasure, enjoyment.

Art is very multifaceted, as well as the human soul. Art is the richest world of beautiful images, the desire to understand the meaning of life and human existence, the concentration of human creative powers.

Art is the perfection of ancient statues, the grandeur of medieval Gothic, the beautiful images of Renaissance Madonnas, these are the mysteries that surrealism asks us. Art is the greatest creations of Dante and Michelangelo, Shakespeare and Pushkin, the paintings of Leonardo and Rubens, Picasso and Matisse, the brilliant music of Bach and Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin, Tchaikovsky and Shostakovich, the sculptures of Phidias and Poliklet, Rodin and Mayol, the performances of Stanislavsky and Meyerhold, Brecht and Brook, films by Fellini, Bergman, Tarkovsky.

Art is everything that surrounds us in everyday life, everything that comes to our home from TV screens and video, what sounds on the stage, in audio recordings.

So, we have considered different interpretations of the concept of art. Obviously, this is a very multifaceted concept that includes different aspects, but in all these concepts there is a unifying principle that in one way or another underlies every art - this is the sublimity of feelings, detachment from the earthly, the perception of the world in its deepest sense. I believe that every connoisseur of art experiences these wonderful sensations, and therefore he can no longer live without them - this is like air for him. He longs to come into contact with the high again and again, to feel happy next to the great work of art.

As the author of this article, I consider it my duty to tell readers what the concept of art means to me. By nature, I am a modest, dreamy and receptive person. I am always very sensitive to any events, and therefore I am too vulnerable. But, in my opinion, thanks to my emotionality, I am getting closer to spiritual culture, to all its manifestations. My heart is able to excite the work of any talented person who devotes himself entirely to his work, leaves a piece of himself, thereby finding a deep return on the part of the viewer. Thus, the famous French writer Andre Gide, in his book Isabelle, says about art: “Art is the cooperation of God with the artist, and the less the artist, the better.” These words are admired for their veracity, because in fact, a huge role lies on the master, on the one who creates the creation, being in direct communion with God. This is truly a gift that is given to a person from above.

So, now I would like to present the results of my survey, but before doing this, I want to clarify: for the most part, I interviewed, there was a female audience, which, in my opinion, is closer to art, due to its sensitive perception, emotionality and tenderness. A woman is like that flower that blooms and illuminates everyone with its beauty at the sight of beauty, and this beauty is art.

Men also took part in the survey, but there were much fewer of them. In total, I interviewed 40 people, of which 30 were girls and 10 were boys aged 18 to 25. Let's take a closer look at each question. The first was: “Do you think that art has a beneficial effect on a person?” Absolutely every person answered positively, which, I confess, made me very happy. Asking the second question, I wanted to know what kind of art my acquaintances prefer the most. The answers were different: many answered that they loved music, theater, museums, painting; someone offered their own options, for example, cinema, photography, literature and even ballet. From this question, I concluded for myself that modern youth is fond of all kinds of art, from music to ballet. It's actually great. The third question was: “How often do you experience the influence of “catharsis”? Most of the respondents settled on the answer: 2 times a month, someone answered that more, the male half was less active in this regard. But do not rush to conclusions, because it was the young men who turned out to be more active in their statements: they offered their answers if they did not find something close to them in the presented options. So, a young man of 21 answered the third question as follows: “I believe that great creations are everywhere you look, art and beauty are everywhere. And at the sight of all this, you involuntarily feel catharsis. I confess that this answer surprised me so much that I realized how much I still do not know about this person.

The fourth question was: “What, in your opinion, contributes to the strong influence of the phenomena of art on a person?” Most answered that this is facilitated by the presence of such character traits as melancholy, sentimentality. Others felt that acting skills contributed to this. Someone explained this by the mood of a person in a certain period of time. Many offered their options, namely: the desire to improve, to be an enlightened and spiritually rich person. Very interesting and vivid answers were brought to my attention.

In the fifth question, I wanted to know what feelings art awakens in my acquaintances. So, the majority answered that after going to the theater or museum, they become calm and happy, which saves them from everyday problems. A considerable number answered that art contributes to the development of moral qualities, such as love for others, the desire to do good, in which I fully agree with them.

And the last question was related to the desire to find out whether only in the life of my acquaintances there is a place for art, or whether their inner circle is also not indifferent to the high. The answers were positive: almost everyone answered that they visit cultural institutions with their parents, grandmothers, friends. Creativity accompanies some from childhood, since mom and dad are artists or musicians, which, in my opinion, is very cool. If a person from the cradle is in interaction with creativity, most likely, he will carry it through his whole life.

What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the survey? In my opinion, the conclusion is unambiguous: despite the age of mass media, in which all desires can be fulfilled without leaving the door of your apartment, the younger generation still strives to get in touch with real, genuine art, to feel the spiritual and moral beginning in themselves.

I want to end my article with the words of the famous French philosopher Jean Marie Guyot: “The most sublime goal of art is to make the human heart beat, and since the heart is the center of life, art must constantly be in the closest connection with the entire moral and material life of mankind.”

Bibliography

1. URL: http://studbooks.net/575213/kulturologiya/ponyatie_iskusstve
2. URL: http://modernlib.ru/books/zhid_andre/izabel/read/

Composition "The influence of art on man."

Art ... How much in this word. Sometimes people can't put into words what they feel. Then he expresses his view of the world through art. Art has great power. It is able to revive the human soul from the ashes, gives people extraordinary feelings and emotions.

Bondarev cites the example of Mozart's music - "Requiem". After all, it has a strong effect on the one who listens to it. Tears involuntarily form in my eyes. Art is able to cling to our lives and thanks to it we experience incredible sensations.

Bondarev says that art has a strong influence on a person, bringing something beautiful into his life. Music has the power to change people. It seems to me that art also affects our emotional state. Thanks to him, we can rejoice or be sad. It can make us happy by exalting us to the skies.

For example, Turgenev in his novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the main character's negative attitude towards music. He - the main character - does not believe that art is the meaning of human life, because there is absolutely no benefit from it. But still, a person's life without music and without art in general is monotonous.

But in the work of Goncharov - "Oblomov", on the contrary, the main character speaks very well about art. When he heard the piano playing, tears involuntarily welled up in his eyes. The main character, listening to music, received a surge of strength and vigor.

If we touch on the topic of painting, then we can say that it plays a big role in the formation of the inner world of a person. Painting helps a person in self-expression. In sculptures, people make their dreams come true, and for those who watch art, they are quite informative.

In conclusion, I want to say that, of course, art brings out only the positive qualities of character in a person and expands the boundaries of our consciousness.

2012-06-16 Nikita Melikhov Printable version

No one will argue with the fact that art plays a cognitive, educational, communicative role in the formation of a person. Since ancient times, art has helped a person to realize and transform reality, presenting it in images and thereby linking it into a single whole. At the same time, a person developed abstract and figurative thinking - fantasy developed. The Soviet philosopher E. Ilyenkov said: “Taken in itself, fantasy, or the power of imagination, is not only among the most precious, but also among the universal, universal abilities that distinguish a person from an animal. Without it, one cannot take a single step, not only in art, unless, of course, it is a step on the spot. Without the power of imagination it would be impossible even to recognize an old friend if he suddenly grew a beard, it would be impossible even to cross the street through the stream of cars. Humanity, devoid of imagination, would never launch rockets into space.

It is impossible not to take into account the fact that art from an early age takes a direct part in the formation of consciousness in a child (and throughout life too). Music, literature, theater, visual arts - all of them bring up sensuality and morality in a person. Such qualities as friendship, conscience, patriotism, love, justice, etc. develop through art. Moreover, thinking itself would be impossible without the development of sensory perception: “The ability to think logically, that is, to operate with concepts, theoretical definitions in strict accordance with the norms of logic, is worth absolutely nothing if it is not combined with an equally developed ability to see, sensually contemplate perceive the world around.

Of course, with all this, art often performed the function of entertainment. And, it would seem, if from time immemorial art has been used both for enlightenment and for distraction, then even now there is no cause for concern. Today, good books, films, music still remain and are being created, upon acquaintance with which a person acquires the opportunity to join all the experience accumulated by mankind, thereby developing his own abilities. Only now, if we take not individual works of art, but the trend of development (or degradation?) of contemporary art, then it deviates more and more noticeably towards the renunciation of all previous developments of mankind, turning art into an entertainment industry and distracting a person from the problems of developing his creative abilities.

Perhaps everyone, at least once entering the Museum of Modern Art, thought that, as a child, he drew better. The famous artist D. Pollock splashed and poured paint on fiberboard, considering the spontaneous creative process to be more important than the result. These blots, worth $140 million, are today one of the most expensive paintings in the world. The postmodern writer V. Pelevin spoke about the famous “Black Square” in one of his books: “Malevich, although he called himself a Suprematist, was true to the truth of life - there is most often no light in the Russian sky. And the soul has no choice but to produce invisible stars from itself - this is the meaning of the canvas. Such non-objective, depicting pictures make even the personality of the author meaningless, they say: "everyone will see something of his own."

The Soviet philosopher, who devoted a lot of time to studying the question of the influence of art on a person, M. Lifshitz wrote: “The main internal goal of such art is to suppress the consciousness of consciousness. Flight into superstition is the minimum. Even better is an escape to the unthinking world. Hence the constant efforts to break the mirror of life, or at least make it cloudy, unseeing. Every image needs to be given the features of something “dissimilar”. Thus, the figurativeness decreases, in the end - something free from all possible associations with real life.

There are many different directions in contemporary fine arts. The authors of some trends endow their works with a “deep” meaning, which in fact is only a form that reflects the personal experiences and fleeting feelings of the creator. The famous surrealist S. Dali wrote about his painting “Soft Clock”: “It was one evening, I was tired, I had a migraine - an extremely rare ailment for me. We were supposed to go to the cinema with friends, but at the last moment I decided to stay at home. Gala will go with them, and I will go to bed early. We ate very tasty cheese, then I was left alone, sitting, leaning on the table, and thinking about how "super soft" melted cheese is. I got up and went to the studio to take a look at my work as usual. The picture I was going to paint was a landscape of the outskirts of Port Lligat, rocks, as if illuminated by a dim evening light. In the foreground, I sketched the chopped off trunk of a leafless olive tree. This landscape is the basis for a canvas with some idea, but what? I needed a marvelous image, but I did not find it. I went to turn off the light, and when I got out, I literally “saw” the solution: two pairs of soft clocks, one hanging plaintively from an olive branch. Despite the migraine, I prepared my palette and set to work. Two hours later, when Gala returned from the cinema, the picture, which was to become one of the most famous, was completed. Such works do not carry anything useful to other people, because they are a reflection of the moments of the artist's well-being, which can hardly matter beyond this vanishing moment. “In the old art, a loving, conscientious depiction of the real world was important. The personality of the artist more or less receded into the background before his creation and thus rose above its own level. In modern art, the situation is just the opposite - what the artist does is more and more reduced to a pure sign, a sign of his personality. “Everything that I spit, all this will be art,” said the famous German Dadaist Kurt Schwitters, “because I am an artist.” In a word, what is done is not important at all. The gesture of the artist is important, his posture, his reputation, his signature, his priestly dance in front of the lens of cinema, his miraculous deeds, divulged to the whole world.

After reading a book by some contemporary, you sometimes sit and think “what ideas did the author want to convey?” But now, even in a book for children, you can find out “how children are made” and what words are best expressed. With cinema, the situation is the same, if not worse. Fantastic action films, "abstruse" detective stories, incredible adventure novels - such films are being churned out like on a conveyor belt. Real human feelings and experiences fade into the background, now a beautiful form is in vogue, cultivating vulgar, arrogant behavior, selfishness, and the denial of any ideals. What are the endless erotic scenes worth, pressing only on the physical human needs? And in other types of art, unfortunately, nothing qualitatively new appears. Modern musical performers or the same screenwriters-producers of theatrical performances remake old works in a new way, completely distorting, or rather, if possible, completely eliminating the meaning from there. This is often the whole point of them.

Is it possible to educate a normally developed person based on such art? Modern man reads vulgar literature, watches violent films, listens to destructive music, and at the same time he himself becomes vulgar, cruel and blind. Our contemporary cannot properly assess the situation and find a way out of it, because "in order to think about the world around you, you need to see this world." By creating works that do not reflect anything other than the artist’s well-being at the time of the creation of this work, or by replacing art with a beautiful form that does not carry any meaning at all, the creator destroys the ability of mankind to come closer to understanding the surrounding reality, nature, society, man, and himself too . But “truth is the similarity of our representations, or concepts, with the thing itself. It should be the basis of every work of fine arts. V.I. also wrote about this. Lenin: “There are really, objectively, three members here: 1) nature; 2) human cognition, the human brain (as the highest product of the same nature) and 3) the form of reflection of nature in human cognition, this form is concepts, laws, categories, etc. A person cannot embrace = reflect = reflect the nature of all, completely, its “immediate wholeness”, he can only eternally approach this, creating abstractions, concepts, laws, a scientific picture of the world, etc., etc.”

Now, perhaps, everyone who decides to engage in creative activities and tries not to die of hunger at the same time is admonished with the following phrase: “First make a name for yourself, and then the name will work for you.” Capitalism strictly dictates its conditions: if you want to live, sell yourself. What sells best? Fictional mythical utopias, abstract surrealistic paintings, enticing, enchanting landscapes, without any deep subtext. Such works are created that stupefy and lead thoughts into oblivion. Why? There is no benefit in painting the injustice of the existing world, there is no benefit in highlighting the problems of modern society. Because such works would make the public think, think about the imperfection of the modern world. Art loses its main function - the function of reflecting reality, while it grows a limited, insensitive and blind consumer. “Art, first of all, should reflect the real life of people, and not suggest that everything is fine. There is advertising for this, it requires, forces you to buy, shave, wash, perfume, go on vacation, and so on.

Today, many people agree that contemporary art is a decay of the old and does not play a creative role in the development of the individual. These people try to educate themselves and their children in the spirit of the classics, closing their eyes to modern life. Of course, for the normal development of a person, it is necessary to master the riches of culture accumulated by all previous generations. But to create a qualitatively new in any area, you need to go beyond the existing. Therefore, you should not close your eyes, but on the contrary - you need to pay attention to the real state of affairs and change the situation for the better.

Creators should direct their efforts to open the eyes of humanity: so that people look around, so that their hearts beat, so that they feel the existing injustice and all together begin to look for a solution to the existing problem.

2. Voitsekhovich I. “The experience of drawing a general theory of fine arts”, M., 1823.

3. Dali S. " The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, written by himself».

4. Ilyenkov E. V. "On the aesthetic nature of fantasy."

5. Lenin V.I. Full composition of writings. Ed. 5th, v.45.

6. Lifshits E.M. "Art and the modern world", M., 1978.

The ancient Greek thinker Aristotle believed that the ability of art to influence the spiritual world of man is based on the imitation of reality. Highly appreciating literary creativity, Aristotle assigned a special role to tragedy. He considered the purpose of the tragedy catharsis(from the Greek katharsis - purification), purification of the soul through empathy with the heroes. Passing through catharsis, a person spiritually rises.

The history of artistic culture has captured many cases when the perception of a work of art served as an impetus for doing certain actions, sometimes for changing the way of life. Art does not affect any one human ability or side of spiritual life, but the spiritual world of a person as a whole. It affects the entire system of human attitudes. Thus, the exciting sounds of the song "Holy War" raised peaceful Soviet people to a mortal battle with the fascist brown plague.

The famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr wrote: “The reason why art can enrich us is its ability to remind us of harmonies that are beyond the reach of systematic analysis.” In art, universal, eternal problems are covered in a special artistic form: what is good and evil, love, freedom, dignity of the individual, what is the vocation and duty of a person.

Introduction to art encourages a person to comprehend his life attitudes and values, to better understand his problems. Often, artistic characters are perceived as real people from whom you can learn a lot, with whom you can even consult. Thanks to art, a person gets the opportunity, as it were, to live many different lives and learn from them lessons for himself. Reading a book or perceiving a movie, we are transported into the world of images they create, which induce reflection, give rise to experiences,

memories and premonitions. In this way, each of us joins the values ​​of culture, absorbs the experience accumulated by mankind.

aesthetic attitude to the world.aesthetics(from Greek aisthetikos - pertaining to sensory perception) is one of the philosophical disciplines that studies a person's attitude to the world based on ideas about the beautiful and the ugly, the sublime and the base, etc. Aesthetics also studies the sphere of artistic activity of people.

In our life, the beautiful and the ugly, the heroic, the sublime and the base, the tragic and the comic really coexist. We express our aesthetic appreciation when we say, “What a beautiful day!” At the same time, the heart is filled with a feeling of joy from the warm sun, the first pale green leaves on the trees, the singing of birds. Or we say: “What beautiful words!”. And this means that the words we heard not only warmed our soul, but also filled us with a sense of beauty with their sound. At the same time, we also notice the ugly, base, which causes us a feeling of grief and rejection. It is unpleasant for us when we see dirt on the street, when the harmony of human relations is violated. Buying clothes, making repairs in the house, even preparing food, we are guided not only by considerations of practicality and usefulness. We also want it to be beautiful.

Beautiful is a central concept in aesthetics. All its other concepts somehow correlate with the beautiful, expressing different facets of the sensory perception of the world and the aesthetic evaluation of its phenomena. Beautiful we call phenomena that have the highest perfection, indisputable aesthetic value.

Aesthetic attitude to the world- this is his sensory perception associated with the need for people to build life in accordance with the laws of beauty, the desire to make life beautiful. The scope of the aesthetic includes seoya aesthetic consciousness And aesthetic activity. 200

Leonardo da Vinci. Mona Lisa (c. 1503)

Aesthetic consciousness has three levels:

Aesthetic perception;

Aesthetic taste (a system of aesthetic attitudes and ideals of the individual);

Aesthetic theories (philosophically meaningful aesthetic experience of mankind).

Everyone knows the saying "There are no comrades for the taste and color." It means that our aesthetic perception of the world is subjective, individually unique. What seems beautiful to one person may be completely ugly to another.

Sometimes we say about a person: "He has a taste." At the same time, we single out a person with a sense of taste, rather, not by reasoning, but on the basis of a direct perception of his behavior and appearance. We appreciate that

how he dresses, in what interior he lives, how he behaves, how he speaks, etc.

aesthetic taste- this is the ability of a person, on the basis of the arising feeling of pleasure or displeasure, to distinguish the beautiful from the ugly in art and reality, to give an aesthetic assessment of various phenomena, objects, events.

Aesthetic taste develops through the experience of communicating with the beautiful in nature and in people, as well as through acquaintance with works of art. If from childhood a person does not hear anything but musical vulgarity, he is unlikely to be able to perceive and appreciate classical music, develop his musical taste. Aesthetic taste is easily instilled in a child in a family where politeness and respect for each other, love for cleanliness and tidiness are established, where swear words are not used in communication. And vice versa, in an atmosphere of foul language, rudeness, cruelty, it is very difficult to form an aesthetic taste.

Bad taste manifests itself in different ways. A person with bad taste takes external beauty, loudness and clumsiness for true beauty. People with an undeveloped taste are characterized by an attraction to what is catchy, easy to understand and does not require thought, effort. Such people are more satisfied with purely entertaining works of art, the art of primitive forms. Often one also comes across a claim to the only true aesthetic assessment, with a disdainful attitude towards the artistic preferences of other people. Really good taste presupposes modesty.

Spheres of aesthetic activity.Aesthetic activity- this is the spiritual activity of a person, which involves, first of all, the creation of works of art, their perception and judgment about them. The spheres of aesthetic activity also include the aesthetics of nature, the aesthetics of work, life, and human relations.

Aesthetic activity is carried out according to the laws of beauty. Thanks to it, a person enters into an aesthetic relationship with the surrounding reality. He cheats 202

improves and develops his abilities and his inner, spiritual world as a whole.

Aesthetics of nature. The beauty of the world around us has always excited the imagination of man, awakened his feelings. Admiration for the beauty of nature inspires people to create works of art. Let us recall, for example, "The Seasons" by the Italian composer A. Vivaldi or the wonderful landscapes of I. Levitan, I. Shishkin, our countryman V. Byalynitsky-Biruli. People have an inherent desire to transform nature. An example of this is gardening art. We also belong to nature. Decorating it, we must take care of our own beauty, the development of flexibility, plasticity of our body, the harmony of voice and gesture.

V. K. Byalynitsky-Birulya. Spring Waters (1930)

Aesthetics of work. From time immemorial, people have sought to make tools and household utensils not only comfortable and practical, but also beautiful (ornaments on ceramic pots, vase painting, carved architraves, etc.). Design occupies a special place in the modern aesthetics of labor - Artistic design of aesthetic appearance

industrial products. Much attention is paid to the aesthetic design of workplaces.

Aesthetics of life. Life is an important part of human life, covering the world of everyday activities not related to production. Organizing meals, recreation, entertainment, communicating with each other, decorating their homes or clothes, people on deed realize the aesthetic ideals and values ​​that have been developed by society and are fully accepted by them.

Aesthetics of human relations. The sphere of communication and human relations is the area where the aesthetic perception of the world merges with the moral. Beauty here is usually associated with good, and ugliness with evil. The beauty of behavior involves the manifestation of a benevolent, respectful attitude towards a person. It is closely connected with the culture of speech, general upbringing. Politeness and compliance with the rules of etiquette help build truly human relationships, make our communication attractive and worthy. Business communication usually involves adherence to strict rules. In informal communication (in the family, among friends), people express their emotions more freely, using expressive facial expressions, various gestures, intonations, etc. If a person is used to swear words, if he cannot express himself otherwise than by shouting or insulting, then this indicates a lack of aesthetic culture and simply bad manners. In communication, it is important to find aesthetically and morally acceptable forms of expression of one's thoughts and feelings.

Questions and tasks

1 . What is the specificity of art? 2. What kinds of art do you know? How do they differ? 3. What does aesthetics study? What terms does she use? 4. How does aesthetic taste develop? 5. Name the main areas of aesthetic activity. What are the features of the manifestation of aesthetic taste in them? 6. What art do you consider modern? 7. What do you understand by classical art and how do you feel about it?

Morality

Public functions of morality. All people in everyday behavior must obey certain rules, norms. Some of these rules and regulations are of a specialized nature (building codes and regulations, traffic rules, etc.). Morality regulates the behavior of people in all spheres of life.

An important role in people's lives is played by legal norms, laws, job descriptions, charters of organizations, customs, traditions, and public opinion. All these forms of society's influence on the behavior of an individual are connected with morality, but do not fully coincide with it. The nature of morality is that it is internal regulator of behavior.

So, the first and fundamental social function of morality is regulatory. The universality of morality as a regulator of people's behavior does not lie in the fact that it contains clear instructions for all occasions. Morality gives, rather, the most general instructions, for example, prescribes to be friendly to people. This is not a recipe, following which can bring some benefit, but a call to be human not only in appearance, but also in essence.

A moral act is performed not under compulsion, but by virtue of a person's own conviction. Therefore, the second function of morality is to cultivate in each person a sense of dignity that does not allow one to commit base, unworthy deeds. This function can be called educational.

The moral image of a person is its integral characteristic, covering or affecting everything that a person does, what he thinks about, what he lives with. Human morality is, in fact, a synonym for humanity. Morality indicates to each of us in which direction our spiritual development should take place in order for humanity to grow in us, strengthen, and not degrade.

The moral regulation of people's behavior also performs another very important function - unity, consolidation society. The processes of globalization lead to the fact that the world social system becomes unstable,

conflicts and upheavals constantly occur in it, the consequences of which can be large-scale. Under these conditions, it is easy to lose your head, get confused and begin to perform inappropriate actions.

We are witnessing with our own eyes the weakening of social ties between people, the loss of a sense of human solidarity. Only reliance on morality can save us from trouble, warn against a repetition in the 21st century. social catastrophes that marked the last century. In conditions of a social crisis, cold calculation does not always suggest the best way to solve complex social problems. Morality, on the other hand, contains an unconditional ban on inhumane actions that degrade human dignity and threaten human life and health. This can be seen as a manifestation humanizing social function of morality.

The moral function of art. Art is rightly called human science. In literary works, music, painting, the human essence is revealed in an artistic and figurative form, moral and other problems of people's life are discussed. Art helps a person to realize and understand himself. myself and other people, comprehend their moral duty.

In the images of art, the plots of works of art, perhaps the most important thing is a person's search for the meaning of life, true values, the struggle between good and evil, the clash of attraction and duty. All artistic creativity is permeated with moral quests. Art influences human morality not by preaching, but by depicting situations in which the heroes of works must make a moral choice. So, many literary heroes, movie heroes come across the selfish selfishness of some people, the indifference or moral blindness of others, and in a hard struggle pave the way to a new moral position, to their own interpretation of good and evil, duty, responsibility. The hero, as it were, experiments with respect to the moral foundations of life and forces viewers, readers, listeners to think over the content of these experiments and draw their own conclusions. 206

K. P. Bryullov. The Last Day of Pompeii (1833)

By means of art, even evil can be given an outwardly attractive form, error can be given outward signs of truth. However, this does not release any of us from the responsibility for the correct interpretation of these plots, since we are free in our assessment and moral choice.

Relationship between religion and morality. Each religion is based on certain moral ideals, which can be expressed by God himself, his messengers, holy ascetics, etc. Let us consider the relationship between moral and religious norms using Christianity as an example. The main way to establish Christian moral standards was to include them in the text of the Bible. These norms are of the highest significance for Christians, for their source is considered to be the will of God.

The main positive moral norm here is the requirement of a humane attitude towards people. The gospels contain two different formulations of it. The first - "As you want people to do to you, do so to you

with them” can be called the golden rule of morality. It is both a requirement to do good and a criterion of morality, a way to find out which deed is good and which is bad. The second formulation containing the requirement of humanism is: "Love your neighbor as yourself."

The Bible establishes many other moral norms: do not kill, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not lie (more precisely, do not bear false witness), honor your father and mother, feed the hungry, do not insult people, do not be angry with people in vain, put up with those with whom quarreled, etc.

Religion does not recreate the moral norms of people's lives, but it can contribute to their strengthening, reinforcing them with its authority. However, religious faith does not relieve a person of responsibility for the moral choice, for the morality of the actions performed.

In modern society, there has been a clear trend towards the development of logic. Dry logical thinking is necessary for mastering information, moving up the career ladder, and obtaining a high social status. Often, even in communication with others, people build a dialogue based on rational calculation, and this absolutely does not contribute to the emergence of sincere relationships.

Against this background, the role of feelings and emotions is greatly underestimated. Many do not even think about the fact that the emotional sphere also needs development. As a result, the personality is disharmonic. She stands firmly on her feet, but inside she feels emptiness, she does everything right, but without a soul.

It is precisely because people pay so little attention to their emotions that there are a huge number of passers-by on the street with “empty eyes” and sad faces. We carefully "crush" our own experiences, trying to be reasonable, to respond adequately. If you do this all the time, it will the accumulation of a load of unreacted experiences. They do not go anywhere, but find a way out through illness (mainly psychosomatic), constant dissatisfaction, irritability and emptiness. Art will help to correct such a deplorable situation.

The healing power of art

Art- the sphere of human life, which touches the "strings of the soul". Drawing, playing music, doing modeling, writing poetry and prose, creating applications and needlework, a person gives an outlet to accumulated experiences, fears, and mental stress. Scientists have proven that people who systematically engage in creativity are more stress-resistant, they better assimilate new information, have more flexible thinking, quickly adapt to new circumstances, find optimal solutions in non-standard situations and notice beauty in everyday situations, everyday things. The passive perception of works of art has a similar effect: listening to your favorite music, watching movies, reading books, perceiving pictures.

The results of the experiments showed that neurogenesis(formation of new neurons) occurs even in adulthood. Its intensity directly depends on the lifestyle. The education system, the working environment is almost entirely aimed at the development of the left hemisphere of the brain, so you need to independently develop the right hemisphere, which is responsible for the emotional sphere. For this, it is important to be creative. Many people say that they can't draw, so there's no point in wasting time on it. But the main thing is not the perfect result, but the process of creation itself. Therefore, you should not limit yourself, you need to find an interesting field of activity and create, “pouring out” the accumulated baggage of emotions into creativity.

Effective art methods to quickly get rid of negative experiences:

1. "Drawing".

Take pencils (pens or felt-tip pens are not suitable for this purpose). Remove all dark shades from the set. Then take an A5 sheet of paper and start filling the white space with bright colors. This will allow you to distract from negative thoughts and relax a little.

1. State harmonization.

To harmonize the work of the right and left hemispheres (emotions and logic), take a pencil or pen in two hands and start drawing the same symbols at the same time. It can be geometric shapes, ornaments, simple drawings. At first it will be difficult to do, but after a few attempts the result will improve. Draw 5-7 characters like this. This will allow you to stabilize the state and look at the problem situation from a new angle.