State Tretyakov Gallery - Russia, Russia. State Tretyakov Gallery How many paintings does the Tretyakov Gallery have?

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State Tretyakov Gallery- one of the largest art museums in Russian visual arts. Today the Tretyakov collection numbers about one hundred thousand items.

With so many exhibits, you can wander through the exhibition for several days, so Localway has prepared a route through the Tretyakov Gallery, passing through the most important halls of the museum. Don't get lost!

The inspection begins from the main entrance, if you stand facing the ticket office, there is a staircase on the left leading to the second floor. The hall numbers are written at the entrance, above the doorway.

Hall 10 is almost entirely dedicated to the painting “The Appearance of the Messiah” by Alexander Andreevich Ivanov (more famous name- “The Appearance of Christ to the People”). The canvas itself occupies an entire wall, the remaining space is filled with sketches and sketches, of which a great many have accumulated over the twenty years of work on the painting. The artist painted “The Appearance of the Messiah” in Italy, then, not without incident, transported the canvas to Russia, and after criticism and non-recognition of the painting in his homeland, he died suddenly. It is interesting that the canvas depicts Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Ivanov himself, among others.

In room 16, on the right in the direction of travel, there is a touching painting by Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev “ Unequal marriage" There are rumors that this painting is autobiographical: Pukirev’s failed bride was married off to a rich prince. The artist immortalized himself in the painting - in the background, a young man with his arms crossed on his chest. True, these versions do not have factual confirmation.

Hall No. 16

On the left in the same room is the canvas “Princess Tarakanova” by Konstantin Dmitrievich Flavitsky. The painting depicts the legendary impostor who tried to pass herself off as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. There are many versions of the death of Princess Tarakanova (real name unknown), the official one is death from consumption. However, another one went “to the people” (including thanks to the work of Flavitsky): the adventurer died during a flood in St. Petersburg, in prison cell Peter and Paul Fortress.

Hall No. 16

In the 17th room there is a painting by Vasily Grigorievich Perov “Hunters at a Rest”. The canvas presents a whole plot composition: an older character (on the left) tells some kind of fictional story, which the young hunter (on the right) sincerely believes. The middle-aged man (center) is skeptical about the story and just chuckles.

Experts often draw a parallel between Perov’s painting and Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter.”

Hall No. 17

Hall 18 houses the most famous painting Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov “The Rooks have Arrived”, written in the Kostroma region. The Church of the Resurrection, depicted in the picture, exists to this day - now the Savrasov Museum is located there.

Unfortunately, despite many wonderful works, the artist remained in the memory of the people as “the author of one picture” and died in poverty. However, it was the “Rooks” that became Starting point for a new genre of landscape school in Russia - lyrical landscape. Subsequently, Savrasov painted several replicas of the painting.

Hall No. 18

In the 19th room there is a painting by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky “Rainbow”. Surprisingly, the artist, who painted about six thousand canvases during his life, always remained faithful to his chosen genre - marinism. The presented picture is no different in plot from most of Aivazovsky’s works: the canvas depicts a shipwreck in a storm. The difference lies in the colors. Typically using bright colors, the artist chose softer tones for “Rainbow.”

Hall No. 19

In room 20 there is the famous painting by Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy “Unknown” (it is often mistakenly called “Stranger”). The painting depicts a regal, chic lady traveling in a carriage. It is interesting that the woman’s identity remained a mystery both to the artist’s contemporaries and art critics.

Kramskoy was one of the founders of the “Itinerants” society, an association of artists who opposed themselves to representatives of academic art in painting and organized traveling exhibitions of their works.

Hall No. 20

On the right, in the direction of travel, in room 25 there is a painting by Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin “Morning in pine forest"(sometimes the canvas is mistakenly called "Morning in pine forest"). Despite the fact that now the authorship belongs to one artist, two people worked on the painting: landscape painter Shishkin and genre painter Savitsky. Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky painted the bear cubs, in addition, the very idea of ​​​​creating the painting is sometimes attributed to him. There are several versions of how Savitsky’s signature disappeared from the canvas. According to one of them, your last name with finished work Konstantin Apollonovich removed it himself, thereby renouncing authorship; according to another, the artist’s signature was erased by collector Pavel Tretyakov after purchasing the painting.

Hall No. 25

In room 26 there are three hanging at once fabulous paintings Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov: “Alyonushka”, “Ivan Tsarevich on Gray wolf" and "Bogatyrs". Three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich (from left to right in the picture) - are perhaps the most famous heroes Russian epics. In Vasnetsov’s canvas, brave fellows, ready to take on battle at any moment, look out for an enemy on the horizon.

It is interesting that Vasnetsov was not only an artist, but also an architect. For example, the extension to the main entrance hall of the Tretyakov Ball Gallery was designed by him.

Hall No. 26

In the 27th room there is a painting by Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin “The Apotheosis of War”, which belongs to the series of paintings “Barbarians”, written by the artist under the impression of military operations in Turkestan. There are many versions as to why such pyramids of skulls were laid out. According to one legend, Tamerlane heard from the women of Baghdad a story about their unfaithful husbands and ordered each of his soldiers to bring the severed head of the traitors. As a result, several mountains of skulls were formed.

Hall No. 27

In room 28 there is one of the most famous and important paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery - “Boyaryna Morozova” by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. Feodosia Morozova is an associate of Archpriest Avvakum, an adherent of the Old Believers, for which she paid with her life. On the canvas, the noblewoman as a result of a conflict with the tsar - Morozova refused to accept new faith- They are taken through one of the Moscow squares to the place of detention. Theodora raised two fingers as a sign that her faith was not broken.

A year and a half later, Morozova died of starvation in the earthen prison of the monastery.

Hall No. 28

Here, in the 28th hall, there is another epic painting by Surikov - “Morning Streltsy execution" Streltsy regiments were sentenced to execution as a result of a failed rebellion caused by hardships military service. The painting deliberately does not depict the execution itself, but only people awaiting it. However, there is a legend that initially the sketches of the canvas were also written of archers who had already been executed by hanging, but one day, going into the artist’s studio and seeing the sketch, the maid fainted. Surikov, who did not want to shock the public, but to convey the mental state of those sentenced to last minutes their lives, the images of the hanged were removed from the painting.

The artist Vasily Grigorievich Khudyakov (1826-1871) received a deposit from the merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (1832-1898) for the painting “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers” and, as expected, drew up a receipt for the money. The receipt, marked May 10 (22 in the new style), subsequently became for historians and Tretyakov Gallery employees a kind of “birth certificate” of the first art museum in Russia national art. Today it, among other documents relating to the origins of the famous collection, is stored directly in the gallery, in the Manuscripts Department.

Later, Tretyakov himself, calling 1856 the year the gallery was created, said that the first in his collection was actually Nikolai Schilder’s realistic painting “Temptation.” It is known, however, that Schilder completed this work in 1857. Historians explain the problem this way: most likely, the collector, having seen the canvas just begun by the painter a year earlier, decided to purchase it and made a deposit for the “raw” painting.

Be that as it may, it was 150 years ago that a 23-year-old entrepreneur, the son of a merchant of the second guild, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, took the first step towards the implementation of his noble plan - to compile a collection of works of the Russian school, so that, as the collector himself said, “what was acquired from society would return would also benefit society (the people) in... useful institutions.” In 1916, when the museum celebrated its 60th anniversary, Alexander Benois wrote about its founder: “...he was, in the full sense of the word, some kind of ascetic who voluntarily assumed a very difficult responsibility and carried it far from with a pleasant feeling of satisfied whims... Tretyakov set himself the collection of Russian painting as a strict task of life...”

The young art lover began acquiring paintings before he planned to create a world-wide famous museum. He constantly visited the Sukharevsky market in Moscow, bought books and prints there, and at the age of twenty he went to St. Petersburg and visited Imperial Hermitage and was especially delighted with what he saw. His letters home at that time are replete with exclamation marks. Two years passed, and Tretyakov acquired paintings for the first time - for 900 rubles he bought nine paintings by old Dutchmen. Now it is difficult to say whether those paintings were originals, but the owner did not part with them until last days- they decorated the walls of his living rooms.

However, experts often call that purchase inept and accidental, and Tretyakov himself, recognizing his insufficient knowledge of world painting, decided not to buy any more examples of Western art, but to focus on Russian, purchasing works from exhibitions or directly from the workshops of his friends.

In those days, the works of Russian artists were mostly in numerous private collections, and only a few were kept in the Hermitage and the Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. The largest and most significant were the private collections of F.I. Pryanishnikov and P.P. Pork. Both could well become the basis for a museum Russian art, but this was not destined to happen.

In 1860, preparing for his first trip abroad, Tretyakov drew up a testamentary letter, where, in particular, he wrote: “The capital is one hundred and fifty thousand rubles. I bequeath silver to the establishment of an art museum or public art gallery" By the early 60s, his collection included several dozen paintings. The collector was most attracted to the young realistic art. Tretyakov became friends with artists close to him in spirit and convictions, namely those who in 1870 united in the famous Association of Traveling Artists art exhibitions. Thanks to this acquaintance, the works of the Itinerants soon formed the most extensive section in his collection. By the end of the 60s, Pavel Mikhailovich became interested in creating a portrait gallery as a special part of his collection (perhaps he was inspired to do this by the recently opened London National portrait gallery). In 1872, Tretyakov became the owner of a whole series of works written by V.G. Perov portraits of writers: Ostrovsky, Dostoevsky, Maykov, Pogodin, Dahl and Turgenev. Then, for four years, he specifically persuaded Leo Tolstoy to pose for Kramskoy. In the end, the living classic agreed, but on the condition that the artist would paint a second canvas, which would remain in the Yasnaya Polyana estate. And we managed to meet Pavel Mikhailovich Kramskoy himself only when he was sick and stayed at home. So, in 1876 it was completed famous portrait collector (the second known image of him was created in 1883 by I.E. Repin).

In 1872, when the collection no longer fit in the rooms of a residential building in Lavrushinsky, Tretyakov decided to add a special building for paintings to it. It was completed two years later, and the gallery was housed in a new two-story building. Finally, another 18 years later, Tretyakov invited the Moscow Duma to accept from him a modest donation of 1,287 paintings, 518 drawings and 9 sculptures by Russian authors of the 18th-19th centuries. This collection was accompanied by a small collection of works by European masters, which belonged to Pavel Mikhailovich’s brother, the former mayor Sergei Tretyakov, who died shortly before. The Duma gratefully accepted the offer, and the donor became a lifelong trustee of the collection.

After the death of the founder in 1898, the affairs of the collection were in charge of the Council elected by the Duma, which included outstanding artists and patrons of the Mother See: Serov, Ostroukhov, Tsvetkov, Tretyakov’s daughter Alexandra Pavlovna Botkina. By the beginning of the new twentieth century, the empty house on Lavrushinsky Lane was also rebuilt, adapting it to the needs of the gallery. V.M. Vasnetsov united the entire complex with a new facade, which gave the Tretyakov building that originality that sets it apart from other Moscow mansions. Today it is difficult to imagine Moscow without this “fairy-tale tower”, surrounded by a pedestrian zone.

Soon after its opening to all citizens “without distinction of gender or rank,” the gallery became one of the largest museums Europe and continued to be actively replenished - the growth of the collection constantly outpaced the exhibition capabilities of the building. The trustees had to “hang” works by, say, Malyavin in the hall of Shishkin or Aivazovsky. The gallery workers came up with a good idea - to create monographic halls dedicated to the best masters- Kramskoy, Polenov, Vereshchagin, Repin...

Famous artist and art historian I.E. Grabar, who was elected trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery in 1913 and became its director in the first years after the revolution, carried out revolutionary transformations in the exhibition. The canvases were now hung so that spectators moving from hall to hall could read “a harmonious book of the history of art.” Further development The collection was helped by the nationalization of private collections; moreover, small Moscow museums joined the Tretyakov Gallery: the Tsvetkovskaya Gallery, the Museum of Iconography and Painting named after. I.S. Ostroukhov, partly - works from the collection of the Moscow Rumyantsev and Public Museums.

During the war, Tretyakov’s wealth was saved in Novosibirsk and Perm, and Moscow museum house, fortunately, suffered little damage from the bombing. But even then, thoughts arose about expanding the museum space, which, however, were realized only in the 80s. The beloved gallery received a depository with spacious storage facilities and workshops for the work of restorers, and later an Engineering Building with exhibition space, computer services, a children's studio and a lecture hall. By 1994, the main building was completely restored, and the Vasnetsov facade, memorable to the townspeople, business card gallery, shone with renewed colors. The museum began to work on two “sites” at once, and the division of the collection was not simply based on territoriality. It is conceptual: in Lavrushinsky old works are exhibited and stored, and on Krymsky Val, in house No. 10 (architects Yu.N. Sheverdyaev, N.P. Sukoyan, M.N. Kruglov and others), works of the 20th century have settled.

At the beginning of this anniversary year The gallery launched a long-term program “Friendly Museum”, within the framework of which the first “museum taxi” appeared in Moscow. Now between Lavrushinsky Lane and Krymsky Val There is a cozy minibus on which employees and guests of the Tretyakov Gallery can travel from one territory to another in one “seat,” logically combining the exhibitions. The gallery has successfully passed the path from private collection two Moscow patrons of the arts to a world-famous museum, which also became a serious scientific organization. The gallery’s specialized library alone contains more than 230 thousand volumes, adjacent to it is a photo and slide library, ultra-modern restoration workshops, and the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery itself, to which, in fact, all this belongs, contains about 140 thousand works, housed in 62 halls of two buildings . Everything happened as the founder wanted: now each of us can “have an idea about all Russian artists.”

gallery "> State Tretyakovskaya gallery belongs to the largest museums in the world. Her popularity is almost legendary. To see its treasures, hundreds of thousands of people come annually to the quiet Lavrushinsky Lane, which is located in one of the most ancient districts of Moscow, in Zamoskvorechye.

State Tretyakovskaya gallery- National museum Russian fine art of the X - XX centuries. Located in Moscow and named after its founder, a Moscow merchant and textile manufacturer Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.

State Tretyakovskaya gallery- a treasury of national fine arts, storing masterpieces created over more than a thousand years. By presidential decree Russian Federation gallery classified as one of the most valuable cultural objects of our Motherland.

The Tretyakov Gallery's collection is dedicated exclusively to national Russian art, to those artists who contributed to the history of Russian art or who were closely associated with it. This is how it was intended gallery P.M. Tretyakov (1832-1898), this is how it has been preserved to this day.

Founded in 1856. Opened to the public in 1893. Several rooms of the private collection of P.M. Tretyakov were first opened to visitors in 1874.
From 1893 - Moscow urban artistic gallery named after Pavel Mikhailovich and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov, from 1918 - State Tretyakovskaya gallery, since 1986 - All-Union Museum Association " State Tretyakovskaya gallery", since 1992 - the modern name.

The founder of the gallery was the Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, for whom collecting works of the national school became his life’s work, and the creation of a public museum with its meaning and justification. Being a passionate collector, in 1872 he began construction of the first halls of the future gallery, adding them to the house in Lavrushinsky Lane, where he himself lived. Later, in 1902, the facade of the house was reconstructed in the Russian style according to the design of the artist V.M. Vasnetsova. In 1892, Tretyakov fulfilled his dream - he donated the collection he had collected and younger brother CM. Tretyakov as a gift to Moscow. Grand opening gallery took place on May 16, 1893.

Initially, the collection included 1287 paintings, 518 drawings and 9 sculptures.
Currently, the collection includes more than 100 thousand items. They are located not only in the main exhibition on Lavrushinsky Lane, but also in the premises at 10 Krymsky Val, its second part, which is a continuation of the first.

New exhibitions are being prepared for the 17th-century chambers and the 18th-century building on Lavrushinsky Lane, adjacent to the main museum building. A new building has been laid on the corner of Lavrushins Kogo lane and Kadashevskaya embankment. Now the historical core of the gallery is a beautiful ensemble with its remarkable dominant feature - the slender bell tower of the Church of St. Nicholas, the gallery’s home church.

IN recent years I like going to museums more and more. In the summer I was delighted to visit.

State Tretyakov Gallery (or Tretyakov Gallery), is considered the main art museum in Moscow! It contains one of the largest collections of Russian fine art in the world!

The founder of the gallery is Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov(1832-1898), - entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector and collector of works of Russian fine art. Thanks to his hobby and love for painting, such a huge collection was collected in one Gallery.

The year of foundation of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856, when Pavel Tretyakov acquired his first two paintings by Russian artists: “Temptation” by N. G. Schilder and “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers” by V. G. Khudyakov.

Gradually, the size of the gallery grew, and more and more extensions and rooms necessary for storing and displaying works of art were gradually added to the Tretyakov family house, in which the collection was located.

The Gallery opened to the general public in 1867. Her collection then consisted of 1,276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters.

In August 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich transferred his art gallery as a gift to the city of Moscow. By this time, the collection included 1,287 paintings and 518 graphic works of the Russian school, 75 paintings and 8 drawings of the European school, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons.

On August 15, 1893, the official opening of the museum took place under the name: “Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov”

In 1902-1904, the famous Vasnetsov facade was added, which became the emblem of the Tretyakov Gallery.

By 1917, the Tretyakov Gallery collection consisted of about 4,000 works, by 1975 - 55,000 works. The Gallery's collection constantly grew due to systematic government purchases.

Currently, the collection includes Russian paintings, graphics, sculpture, icons, individual works decorative applied arts XI - beginning of the XXI centuries.

The main building of the Tretyakov Gallery, located between Lavrushinsky and Maly Tolmachevsky lanes, is a favorite place not only for Muscovites, but also for many guests of the capital. It’s very cozy here and nice to just walk around! The nearest metro station is “Tretyakovskaya”, from the metro the walk is no more than 5 minutes.

Official website of the Gallery: http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru

Operating mode:
Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday - from 10.00 to 18.00
Thursday, Friday - from 10.00 to 21.00
day off - Monday

Entrance ticket prices:
adults – 400 rubles
schoolchildren, students – 250 rubles

For citizens of Russia and CIS countries:
adults – 300 rubles
students of secondary and secondary special education educational institutions, pensioners, members of the Union of Local History of the Russian Federation, Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Full holders of the Order of Glory, children's teachers art schools RF MK systems, Russian university students – 150 rubles

Amateur photography is allowed in the museum (including mobile phone) without the use of flashes and additional equipment.

The cost of photography is 200 rubles.

Truly collected here best samples the golden age of Russian painting! Among them are paintings by Perov, Levitan, Savrasov, Bryulov, Vasnetsov, Surikov, Vereshchagin, Repin, Kramskoy, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, etc.

I would like to tell you what is inside the Tretyakov Gallery today!

Gift shop, great amount books about the Tretyakov Gallery.

The viewing begins by climbing the stairs to the second floor.

In every hall there are stern but fair grannies! They keep order so that visitors do not break the rules and, if something happens, make comments. In the Tretyakov Gallery, for example, you cannot take photographs with a flash; many of these rules are violated.

Transitions between halls

In some halls the paintings are so large that you need to move a considerable distance away to look at them.

Halls with Icons

Of course, it takes more than one day to go around and look at all the pictures!

Therefore, I propose to look at those paintings that made the greatest impression on me:

1. 1827. Kiprensky O.A. Portrait of A.S. Pushkin(Every schoolchild knows this picture, because it is this portrait of Pushkin that is depicted in textbooks and diaries)

2. 1858. Sorokin E.S. Date

3. 1861. Jacobi V.I. Prisoners' Rest

4. 1866. Perov V.G. "TROIKA". Artisan apprentices carrying water

5. 1871. Perov V.G. Hunters at Rest

6. 1880-1881. Perov V.G. Nikita Pustosvyat. Dispute about faith(This stunning painting is over three meters wide)

7. 1871. Savrasov A.K. The Rooks Have Arrived

8. 1873. Vasiliev F.A. In the Crimean mountains

9. 1881. Aivazovsky I.K. Black Sea

10. 1854. Bogolyubov A.P. Riding on the Neva(Very beautiful picture, it felt like it was a photograph)

11. 1873. Aivazovsky I.K. Rainbow(Photos on the Internet do not convey the Rainbow and the raging sea of ​​Aivazovsky, like viewing this painting in a gallery)

12. 1881. Makovsky K.E. In the Artist's Workshop(note the picture frame)

13. 1883. Kramskoy I.N. Unknown

14. 1889. Shishkin I.I. and Savitsky K.A. Morning in a pine forest

15. 1875. Shishkin I.I. Rye

16. 1889. Vasnetsov V.M. Ivan Tsarevits on the Gray Wolf

17. 1898. Vasnetsov V.M. Bogatyrs(Vasnetsov worked on this picture for almost 20 years!)

18. 1881. Surikov V.I. Morning of the Streletsky Execution

19. 1887. Surikov V.I. Boyarina Morozova

20. 1883-1885. Repin I.E. Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan

21. 1879. Polenov V.D. Overgrown pond

22. 1887. Serov V.A. Girl with peaches

23. 1910. Bogaevsky K.F. Morning

I liked it a lot! I would also like to highlight V.V. Vereshchagina And A.I. Kuindzhi. Excellent pictures, it’s a pity the camera can only convey a small part those colors and volume that you can see standing in front of the original!

Today the gallery is actively developing, also replenishing its stock and preserving Russian painting! The Tretyakov Gallery's collection includes more than 170 thousand works. Exhibitions are constantly held within the walls of the gallery and thousands of people visit the gallery every day!

Anyone should definitely visit the Tretyakov Gallery to see all this with their own eyes!