What real Tatars look like: appearance. Appearance of Tatars from different regions: similarities, differences and features
APPEARANCE OF THE TATAR. HOW TO DISTINGUISH TATAR. FACIAL FEATURES Each nation has its own distinctive features, which make it possible to determine a person’s nationality almost without error. It is worth noting that Asian peoples are very similar to each other, since they are all descendants of the Mongoloid race. How can you identify a Tatar? How do Tatars look different?
Uniqueness Without a doubt, every person is unique, regardless of nationality. And yet there are certain common features that unite representatives of a race or nationality. Tatars are usually classified as members of the so-called Altai family. This Turkic group. The ancestors of the Tatars were known as farmers. Unlike other representatives of the Mongoloid race, Tatars do not have pronounced appearance features. The appearance of the Tatars and the changes that are now manifested in them are largely caused by assimilation with the Slavic peoples. Indeed, among the Tatars they sometimes find fair-haired, sometimes even red-haired representatives. This, for example, cannot be said about the Uzbeks, Mongols or Tajiks. Do Tatar eyes have any special characteristics? They do not necessarily have narrow eyes and dark skin. Are there any common features of the appearance of Tatars?
Description of the Tatars: a little history The Tatars are among the most ancient and populous ethnic groups. In the Middle Ages, mentions of them excited everyone around: in the east from the shores of the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic coast. A variety of scientists included references to this people in their works. The mood of these notes was clearly polar: some wrote with rapture and admiration, while other scientists showed fear. But one thing united everyone - no one remained indifferent. It is quite obvious that it was the Tatars who had a huge influence on the course of development of Eurasia. They managed to create a distinctive civilization that influenced a variety of cultures.
In history Tatar people there were both ups and downs. Periods of peace were followed by brutal times of bloodshed. The ancestors of modern Tatars took part in the creation of several strong states at once. Despite all the vicissitudes of fate, they managed to preserve both their people and their identity. Ethnic groups Thanks to the works of anthropologists, it became known that the ancestors of the Tatars were not only representatives of the Mongoloid race, but also Europeans. It was this factor that determined the diversity in appearance. Moreover, the Tatars themselves are usually divided into groups: Crimean, Ural, Volga-Siberian, South Kama. Volga-Siberian Tatars, whose facial features have greatest signs Mongoloid race, different the following signs: dark hair, pronounced cheekbones, brown eyes, wide nose, crease above the upper eyelid. Representatives of this type are few in number. Face Volga Tatars oblong, cheekbones not too pronounced. The eyes are large and gray (or brown). Nose with a hump, oriental type. The physique is correct. In general, the men of this group are quite tall and hardy. Their skin is not dark. This is the appearance of the Tatars from the Volga region.
Kazan Tatars: appearance and customs The appearance of the Kazan Tatars is described as follows: a strongly built, strong man. The Mongols have a wide oval face and a slightly narrowed eye shape. The neck is short and strong. Men rarely wear a thick beard. Such features are explained by the fusion of Tatar blood with various Finnish nationalities. The marriage ceremony is not like a religious event. From religiosity - only reading the first chapter of the Koran and a special prayer. After marriage, a young girl does not immediately move into her husband’s house: she will live with her family for another year. It is curious that her newly-made husband comes to her as a guest. Tatar girls are ready to wait for their lover. Only a few have two wives. And in cases where this happens, there are reasons: for example, when the first one is already old, and the second one, younger, now runs the household. The most common Tatars are of the European type - owners of light brown hair and light eyes. The nose is narrow, aquiline or hump-shaped. The height is not tall - for women it is about 165 cm. Features Some features were noticed in the character of a Tatar man: hard work, cleanliness and hospitality border on stubbornness, pride and indifference. Respect for elders is what especially distinguishes the Tatars. It was noted that representatives of this people tend to be guided by reason, adapt to the situation, and are law-abiding. In general, the synthesis of all these qualities, especially hard work and perseverance, makes a Tatar man very purposeful. Such people are able to achieve success in their careers. They finish their work and have a habit of getting their way. A purebred Tatar strives to acquire new knowledge, showing enviable perseverance and responsibility. Crimean Tatars have a special indifference and calmness in stressful situations. Tatars are very curious and talkative, but during work they remain stubbornly silent, apparently so as not to lose concentration.
One of the characteristic features is self-esteem. It manifests itself in the fact that the Tatar considers himself special. As a result, there is a certain arrogance and even arrogance. Cleanliness sets Tatars apart. They do not tolerate disorder and dirt in their homes. Moreover, this does not depend on financial capabilities - both rich and poor Tatars zealously monitor cleanliness. My home is your home. The Tatars are very hospitable people. We are ready to host a person, regardless of his status, faith or nationality. Even with modest incomes, they show warm hospitality, ready to share a modest dinner with a guest. Tatar women are distinguished by their great curiosity. They are attracted by beautiful clothes, they watch with interest people of other nationalities, and follow fashion. Tatar women are very attached to their home and devote themselves to raising children. Tatar women What an amazing creature - Tatar woman! In her heart lies immeasurable, deepest love for her loved ones, for her children. Its purpose is to bring peace to people, to serve as a model of peacefulness and morality. A Tatar woman is distinguished by a sense of harmony and special musicality. She radiates a certain spirituality and nobility of soul. The inner world of a Tatar woman is full of riches!
Tatar girls with youth aimed at a strong, long-lasting marriage. After all, they want to love their husband and raise future children behind solid walls of reliability and trust. No wonder it says Tatar proverb: “A woman without a husband is like a horse without a bridle!” Her husband's word is law for her. Although witty Tatar women complement - for any law, however, there is an amendment! And yet these are devoted women who sacredly honor traditions and customs. However, don’t expect to see a Tatar woman in a black burqa - this is a stylish lady who has a sense of self-esteem. The appearance of the Tatars is very well-groomed. Fashionistas have stylized items in their wardrobe that highlight them nationality. For example, there are shoes that imitate chitek - national leather boots worn by Tatar girls. Another example is appliques, where patterns convey the stunning beauty of the earth's flora. What's on the table? A Tatar woman is a wonderful hostess, loving and hospitable. By the way, a little about the kitchen. The national cuisine of the Tatars is quite predictable in that the basis of the main dishes is often dough and fat. Even a lot of dough, a lot of fat! Of course, this is far from the healthiest food, although guests, as a rule, are offered exotic dishes: kazylyk (or dried horse meat), gubadia (which is layered cake with a wide variety of fillings, from cottage cheese to meat), talkysh-kalev (an incredibly high-calorie dessert made from flour, butter and honey). You can wash down all this rich treat with ayran (a mixture of katyk and water) or traditional tea.
The history of the scientific study of the physical appearance of the Tatars goes back more than a hundred years and its beginning dates back to the 70-80s of the 19th century, when in 1869 the Society of Natural Scientists was formed at Kazan University. The initiator of these studies was the famous scientist and teacher P.F. Lesgaft, who determined the importance of studying the anthropological composition of the peoples of the Middle Volga and Urals to clarify questions of their origin. The real embodiment of the ideas of P.F. Lesgaft was put into practice by the teacher of Kazan and then Tomsk University N.M. Maliev and his student S.M. Chugunov. The anthropological study of the population was accompanied by the collection of craniological (cranial) and paleoanthropological material with its subsequent use as a historical source on the problems of the ethnogenesis of local peoples. The works of these researchers laid the foundation and determined the main directions for future research in the field of ethnic anthropology of the Tatars (Alekseev, 1963).
The first work on the somatology of the Tatars was published in 1879, it describes the physical appearance of the Kasimov Tatars (Bezenger, 1879). In 1886, I. Blagovidov published materials on the anthropology of the Simbirsk Tatars, and in 1891, Yu. Talko-Grintsevich presented data on the Tatars of the Ufa province (Blagovidov, 1886 (); Talko-Grintsevich, 1891). In 1904, A.A.’s doctoral dissertation was published. Sukharev on the study of the Tatars of the Kazan district (Sukharev, 1904). An article by M. Nikolsky (Nikolsky, 1912) is devoted to a more specific problem - about the pigmentation of the Tatars of Laishevsky district. The results of the study of the anthropology of the Volga-Ural Tatars in the pre-revolutionary period are summed up in the review article by M.M. Khomyakova (Khomyakov, 1915).
Anthropology Studies Siberian Tatars are associated with the activities of well-known Kazan anthropologists N.M. Malieva and S.M. Chugunov, transferred to Tomsk University. If N.M. Maliev was mainly engaged in anthropological examination of the local indigenous population, then S.M. Chugunov paid more attention to the study and collection of paleoanthropological and craniological material. The results of these works were reflected in 15 issues of “Materials on the Anthropology of Siberia,” published from 1893 to 1905 (Rozov, 1959). With the cessation of their scientific and pedagogical activity Research on the anthropology of the Siberian Tatars practically disappears and is random in nature (Debetz, 1948).
Anthropologically, the Astrakhan Tatars turned out to be poorly studied. From the works of the pre-revolutionary period in the travel notes of P.I. Nebolsin provides visual descriptions of the anthropological appearance of karagash, belonging to the Mongoloid type, and in the medical-statistical work of A. Dalinger, the height and chest circumference of the Tatars of Astrakhan were studied (Nebolsin, 1852; Dalinger, 1887).
The main conclusion of anthropological surveys of the late XIX - early XX centuries. a provision was made regarding the racial mix of the Tatars.
The next stage in the study of the anthropology of the Tatars is mainly associated with the many years of scientific activity of T.A. Trofimova. For the first time, she managed to conduct somatological studies of the main groups of the Tatar people using a unified methodology. So, in 1929-1936. within the framework of an anthropological expedition of the Institute of Anthropology of Moscow State University, a study of the physical appearance of the Volga-Ural Tatars was carried out (Trofimova, 1949).
In 1937, as part of the West Siberian expedition, she studied groups of Tobolsk and Baraba Tatars (Trofimova, 1947). The results of these expeditions were reflected in a number of articles and summarized in the monograph “Ethnogenesis of the Volga Tatars in the light of anthropological data”, where for the first time not only a comprehensive description of the physical appearance of the Tatars was given and the main anthropological types were identified, but also an attempt was made on the basis of the paleoanthropological materials available at that time trace the stages of racial genesis of the Tatars in close connection with ethnopolitical history (Trofimova, 1949). Unfortunately, in post-war years Research on the somatology of the Tatars practically ceased, not counting the incidental study of some groups of Mishars and Siberian Tatars (Alekseeva, 1963; Magb, 1970; Rozov, 1961). In connection with the expansion of archaeological work in these years, the emphasis of anthropological research shifted to the study of paleoanthropological material, which made it possible to outline in general terms the stages of the formation of the physical appearance of the Tatar people and identify its ethnogenetic origins (Trofimova, 1956; Akimova, 1964, 1968, 1973 ; Alekseev, 1969, 1971; Postnikova, 1987; Yablonsky, 1987; Efimova, 1991; Bagashev, 1993; etc.).
In recent decades, along with traditional methods of anthropological research (somatology, craniology and paleoanthropology), research in dermatoglyphics, odontology, serology, genetics, etc. has become part of widespread practice. These methods, to one degree or another, have been tested in the study of all groups of Tatars for with the exception of Astrakhan (Rynkov, 1965; Khit, 1983, 1990; Efimova, Tomilov, 1990; Rafikova et al., 1990; Schneider et al., 1995).
Summarizing the results of more than a century of studying the anthropological appearance of the Tatars, we note their racial heterogeneity both within the main ethnic groups and between them, which probably reflects the specifics of their racial genesis and ethnogenetic connections. Thus, among the Volga-Ural Tatars there are four main anthropological types.
* Pontian type - characterized by mesocephaly, dark or mixed pigmentation of hair and eyes, high bridge of the nose, convex bridge of the nose, with a drooping tip and base, significant beard growth. Growth is average with an upward trend.
* Light Caucasoid type - characterized by subbrachycephaly, light pigmentation of hair and eyes, medium or high bridge of the nose with a straight bridge of the nose, a moderately developed beard, and average height. Whole line morphological features - the structure of the nose, the size of the face, pigmentation and a number of others - bring this type closer to the Pontic.
* Sublaponoid type (Volga-Kama) - characterized by meso-subbrachycephaly, mixed pigmentation of hair and eyes, wide and low nose bridge, weak beard growth and a low, medium-wide face with a tendency to flattening. Quite often there is a fold of the eyelid with weak development of the epicanthus.
* Mongoloid type (South Siberian) - characterized by brachycephaly, dark shades of hair and eyes, a wide and flattened face and a low bridge of the nose, frequent epicanthus and poor beard development. Height, on a Caucasian scale, is average.
Each of these types is not expressed in any of the groups pure form, but their reality within the Tatars is confirmed by the accumulation of signs of the corresponding types in individual territorial groups. Only the Caucasoid type with relatively light pigmentation does not have a distinct geographical localization within the Tatars and can only be assumed to be an admixture. According to T.A. Trofimova, among all studied Tatars, the dark Caucasoid (Pontic) type predominates (33.5%), then the light Caucasoid (27.5%), sublaponoid 24.5%) and, finally, the Mongoloid (14.5%) (Trofimova, 1949. P. 231).
When comparing data on the somatology of the Volga Tatars with those of neighboring peoples, a general typological similarity is revealed, differing in the degree of expression of individual types. Thus, the light Caucasoid type of Tatars is associated with the Mordovians-Erzeya, partly Mari, Udmurts, Chuvash and Russians. The sublaponoid type unites the Tatars with the Udmurts, Maris and some groups of Russians. The dark Caucasoid type of Pontic appearance can be traced among some groups of Mordovians-Moksha and partly among the southern Chuvash. The Mongoloid component of the South Siberian type, most pronounced among the Tatars of the Arsky region of Tatarstan, is observed only in Turkic peoples of this region - Chuvash and Bashkirs. Materials on dermatoglyphics, odontology, serology and genetics of the peoples of the Middle Volga and Urals also reveal common features in the racial genesis of the population of this region.
Thus, the formation of the anthropological appearance of the Volga-Ural Tatars and neighboring peoples took place in close ethnogenetic interaction, which had different directions and intensity depending on the specific historical situation in a given region.
The Middle Volga and Urals regions, occupying a geographically advantageous position between Europe and Asia, between the forest and the steppe and possessing rich biological resources, have since ancient times been a zone of contacts between peoples differing not only in origin, language and culture, but also in anthropological appearance. Thus, judging by the materials of paleoanthropology, the first contacts at the genetic level between the forest population (representatives of the Western variants of the Ural race) and the inhabitants of the steppe zone, generally characterized by a Caucasoid appearance, were recorded already in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic eras (Yablonsky, 1992). In the Bronze and Early Iron Ages, the region under study becomes the arena of migration flows moving both in the latitudinal and meridional directions. As a result of these migrations and extensive marriage ties between the local and newcomer populations, the formation of that anthropological type, which stands out among the Volga Tatars as sublaponoid, took place. This type in its various variants is the main one for the local Finnish-speaking population (Akimova, 1973; Efimova, 1991).
With the beginning of the Turkic era and the arrival of the Bulgarians in the Middle Volga, active ethnocultural and ethnogenetic relationships were observed between the Turkic-speaking tribes and the Finno-Ugric population within the framework of the newly formed state association - Volga Bulgaria. These assimilation processes, which lasted more than 300 years, on the eve Mongol conquest led to the formation of a new ethnic community- Volga Bulgars.
Analyzing the craniological series of the Volga Bulgars of the pre-Mongol period, we can identify those morphological complexes that can subsequently be traced in the anthropological appearance of modern Volga Tatars. It should be said that identifying direct analogies between the anthropological type of the living population and the type determined from bone remains is not always correct (due to the incomparability of characteristics) and requires certain assumptions and special reservations. Thus, the mesocephalic dark Caucasian (Pontic) type, predominant among the Tatars, and especially among the Mishar Tatars, may be associated with the long-headed Caucasoid type, which was characteristic of the population of the Khazar Kaganate, living in the territory of the so-called Saltovo-Mayak culture. With the decline of the Khazar Kaganate, part of this settled Turkic-speaking population, mainly of Alan-Sarmatian origin, moved to the Middle Volga, where it became one of the main components of the Volga Bulgars and determined the craft and agricultural nature of the economy of Volga Bulgaria. The Bulgarians themselves, connected by their origin with the Turkic-speaking tribes of Central Asia, Altai and Southern Siberia, who played a decisive military-political role in the formation of a number of state associations, including Volga Bulgaria, had a slightly different anthropological appearance. It was generally characterized by mixed Caucasoid types with the inclusion of Mongoloid elements of the South Siberian morphocomplex. This type can be traced in later materials on the anthropology of the Volga Bulgars, being one of the main ones in its anthropological structure. Perhaps the minor Mongoloid component distinguished among the Volga Tatars comes from the early Bulgarians and later groups of the steppe population, mainly of Kipchak origin, which became part of the pre-Mongol Bulgars.
The sublaponoid and light Caucasoid components in the Volga Bulgars and Tatars are most likely associated with the local Finno-Ugric population. If the sublaponoid (subural) type is characteristic primarily of the population of the Kama-Ural origins, then the light Caucasoid type was most likely common among the western and northwestern groups of the ancient Finnish population, who were actively in contact with the ancient Baltic and Slavic tribes. It is possible that the Caucasian population with light pigmentation penetrated into the territory of Volga Bulgaria from the northern regions Ancient Rus' and from the ancient Russian principalities as part of military squads, traders and artisans, who subsequently dissolved in the local Turkic-speaking environment.
The conquest of the Volga Bulgaria by the Mongols and its entry into the Golden Horde did not make fundamental changes in the physical appearance of the Volga Bulgars and neighboring peoples. At the same time, the influence of the Golden Horde on the course of ethnogenetic processes in the Middle Volga region and the Urals was expressed in the purposeful policy of the Khan’s administration to regulate migration flows, which could not but affect the relationship between different anthropological components. In particular, there was a slight increase in the Mongoloid admixture of the South Siberian appearance during the Golden Horde period and among the Turkic-speaking population of the Middle Volga and Urals regions.
The few anthropological materials on the era of the Kazan Khanate and subsequent periods also indicate the Caucasoid basis of the Kazan Tatars and their genetic proximity to the previous, Bulgar population (Efimova, 1991, p. 72; Alekseeva, 1971, p. 254).
Thus, the anthropological structure of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region and the Urals took shape in its main features back in pre-Mongol times, within the framework of Volga Bulgaria. The main factor in racial formation was the miscegenation between the newcomer, Turkic-speaking and local, Finno-Ugric-speaking population. Political, economic, cultural and especially linguistic changes that occurred in the Middle Volga during the Golden Horde period and subsequent historical eras, did not make significant changes in the racial appearance of the local peoples. At the same time, the ratio of anthropological types distinguished among the Volga-Ural Tatars was not always the same and varied depending on the specific historical situation in a given region over the last millennium.
Among the Tatars of Western Siberia, several racial types stand out. Thus, the Ural type (Mongoloid, with Caucasoid features) is the main one for all groups of Siberian Tatars occupying the northern area of their residence, and as a component can be traced among the more southern Tatars. The Mongoloid type of South Siberian appearance is characteristic primarily of the Tatars of the Barabinsk steppe and is observed as an admixture in almost all Siberian Tatars, tending to increase in the southern, steppe groups and to decrease in the northern, forest groups. The Mongoloid component of the Central Asian type was recorded only among the Baraba Tatars, and the peculiar, so-called Chulym type was noted only among some groups of the Tobolsk and Tomsk Tatars. And finally, the Caucasoid type (according to T.A. Trofimova, the Pontic appearance) is more manifested among urban residents and to a lesser extent among rural residents.
According to the main racial diagnostic characteristics, the Siberian Tatars occupy an intermediate position between the population of the forest zone of Western Siberia (representatives of the Ural anthropological type) and the Turkic-speaking population of Southern Siberia and Altai-Sayan (representatives of the South Siberian morphotype). Different ratios of anthropological types in racial composition individual groups of Siberian Tatars may indicate both their different genetic origins and the nature of genetic connections with surrounding peoples.
Judging by linguistic data and materials from archeology, ethnography and written sources, the closest historical ancestors of the Siberian Tatars were the Kipchak Turkic-speaking tribes, some of which at the end of the 1st millennium AD. mastered the modern habitats of the main groups of Siberian Tatars, entering into various relationships with the local aboriginal population. The penetration of Turkic-speaking elements into the local environment continued at a later time (Valeev F.T., 1993; Konikov, 1982). However, paleoanthropological and craniological materials from the territory of settlement of the Siberian Tatars paint a slightly different picture of the formation of their anthropological type (Bagashev, 1993).
Identified among the Siberian Tatars as the main Ural anthropological type, the so-called Chulym type may be associated with the local Ugric and Samoyed aboriginal population. The South Siberian Mongoloid component was apparently introduced by the steppe tribes of the Kipchak circle and later groups of Turkic-speaking populations from Southern Siberia and Altai. Mongoloid features of Central Asian origin, traced among the Baraba Tatars, are probably a consequence of close contacts of this group of Tatars with the Kalmyks in during the XVII V. (Trofimova, 1947. P. 209). The strengthening of Caucasoid features among the Siberian Tatars is the result of mixing with the Volga-Ural Tatars and people from Central Asia, the so-called Bukharans.
Thus, the formation of the anthropological appearance of the Siberian Tatars was based on the local substrate, on which throughout the 2nd millennium AD. an alien component of various ethnogenetic origins was layered. The participation of this component in the racial genesis of the Siberian Tatars was not always and everywhere the same, but in general there was a tendency towards its decrease from south to north. The Turkization of the local region, which took place within the framework of the Kimak Khaganate, the Golden Horde and the Siberian Khanate, was not necessarily accompanied by a massive resettlement of Turkic tribes and was probably limited to the political, economic and cultural-ideological impact on the local population.
Among the Astrakhan Tatars, T.A. Trofimova identified three anthropological types - Mongoloid South Siberian, Mongoloid Central Asian and Caucasoid. If the South Siberian type can be traced among the Volga-Ural Tatars as an admixture, and among the Siberian Tatars as an independent component, then among the Karagash it is the main one. The remaining types are almost absent in their pure form and are noted only as admixtures (Trofimova, 1949).
Judging by linguistic data and historical sources, the Karagash before moving to the Lower Volga steppes late XVIII V. were part of a conglomerate of Nogai tribes, the origin of which is closely connected with the Kipchak population of the era of the development of the southern Russian steppes, the Golden Horde, and then the Nogai Horde (Ars-lanov, Victorin, 1995). Anthropological and paleoanthropological materials do not contradict this. Thus, among all groups of Nogais, the same anthropological types were identified as among the Karagash (Trofimova, 1949). The slight difference is explained by the concentration of Caucasian characteristics. Compared to the Nogais, the Karagash are more Caucasian, which is probably due to their late contacts with the surrounding Caucasian population, Tatar migrants from the Volga and Urals regions and immigrants from Central Asia. It is possible that the Caucasoid admixture of the Nogais and Karagash genetically goes back to the local Caucasian population, which was included in the Turkic-speaking tribes when they moved from east to west. Mongoloid features of Central Asian origin, traced among the Karagash and, to a greater extent, among the Nogais, may be the result of the raceogenesis of the South Siberian type (a mixture of Caucasoid and Mongoloid types, with the latter prevailing), the influence of the Mongoloid population within the Golden Horde and later connections with the Kalmyks (Trofimova, 1949). Thus, the formation of the anthropological appearance of one of the groups of Astrakhan Tatars is based on the South Siberian Mongoloid type, characteristic of the Turkic-speaking population of the Eurasian steppes.
Summarizing the above, we note that the territorial location of individual anthropological types within the Volga-Ural and Siberian Tatars reflects the nature of the ethnogenetic connections between the newcomer Turkic-speaking and the local, basically Finno-Ugric, population. The most active genetic interaction between these components occurs within the framework of early feudal state entities- Volga Bulgaria and Kimak Kaganate. The formation of the anthropological type of the Astrakhan Tatars is directly related to the formation of the South Siberian Mongoloid type, which occurred during the era of the first Turkic Khaganates to the east of their modern habitat. Subsequent move historical events did not make significant changes to the anthropological structure of the population. Thus, the formation of the physical appearance of the Tatar people was completed basically long before their current ethnic formation.
What unites the Tatars of Russia racially? Firstly, the South Siberian and Caucasoid anthropological types, distinguished among all ethnographic groups of Tatars. If the first type is largely related to early history Turks, then the second - with the later stages of the ethnogenesis of the Tatar people. Secondly, interregional and interethnic marriage ties of the Tatars lead to the leveling of their physical identity among the surrounding peoples, primarily the Russians, which is real story our and future days.
There is a mixture of both Mongoloid and Caucasoid ancestors, so the representatives of this group are very different. There are several types of Tatars, for example, Ural, South Kama, Volga-Siberian. The last of them is distinguished by the appearance of the Mongoloid type - a wide face, dark hair, brown and the so-called Mongolian fold on the upper eyelid. But there are few such Tatars; this type is the smallest. Most often they are Caucasian in appearance with brown and blond hair. Almost all types of Tatars have a thin nose, sometimes with a slight hump or drooping tip.
Distinctive features Tatar character cleanliness, willingness to help, and patience are considered. It is believed that this nation is characterized by self-confidence, pride and narcissism. Tatars live not by feelings, but by reason, so they are law-abiding, respectful, love order and stability. The Tatar will not swim against the tide - if he finds himself in an unfavorable situation, he will show flexibility and adapt to new conditions. Tatars are characterized by tolerance, religiosity and the deepest respect for elders.
The Tatars are distinguished by the presence of a commercial streak. They have earned a reputation as the best workers for their hard work, conscientious fulfillment of their obligations, discipline and perseverance in carrying out their work. Representatives of the Tatar nation strive for knowledge. They are smart and responsible. Respect for elders is also reflected in professional activity- will never fire an employee of pre-retirement age. A negative quality of a Tatar is considered to be excessively harsh directness of judgment.
Our names are associated with nationality. When a child receives the name of his nationality, he involuntarily begins to identify himself with the history, character and customs of his people. And if you decide to name your baby a beautiful Tatar name, he will undoubtedly grow up to be a decent, kind and cheerful person. So let's choose a name!
You will need
- Head and list of male Tatar names and their meanings.
Instructions
Pay attention to how the ones you like will combine with. If the child’s father has a Tatar name, everything is simple here, since Tatar names and Tatar ones form beautiful combinations. It’s another matter if the father is endowed, for example, with the simple Russian name Ivan. The choice, of course, will be difficult. It may happen that the name that catches your eye and resonates most with you may not suit you at all. In this case, sacrifice , not name. Don’t forget about your family and friends who are always ready to help you and give advice.
I quote I:
By N the Tatars you have old information. The sample is small, in fact, Tatars have a much larger N, this can be seen from the tests.
Someone lied to you about the Z93 too. The Polish-Lithuanian "Tatars" have this snip. This is a small nation of several tens of thousands of people, sent at one time from the Western Horde to help the Mongol troops. You understand that these are not Tatars, it is incorrect to refer to them.
The Kazan Tatars do not have Z93, but Baltic snips. You can check this on FTDNA. There is one single Z93 from Mishar in Bashkiria, but this does not mean anything. Your neighbors are Bashkirs and all Z93.
The table above does not even include J, E, although the Tatars have a lot of them according to the latest data.
But J, E, N were not found in the Scythian-Sarmatian bones.
Forget about phenotypes, it's irrelevant.
1. If there are Baltic snips, it is most likely from the Balts of the Imenkovo culture.
2. Anthropology is relevant. She first of all says that the Tatars are racially different from the Finno-Ugric peoples and Russians. The predominance of Pontids already speaks for itself.
3. Among the Tatars, non-European SNPs R1a predominate:
Z93+ and L342.2+ If there is other information, post the link. I'll take a look.
4. There is a DNA project on the tatforum. According to it, it turns out that R1a Tatars by haplotypes have nothing in common with Finno-Ugrians and Russians: www.tatforum.info/forum/index.php?showtopic=6803&st=520
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There is official anthropology. After all, there are eyes. Although crack - the Tatars are basically not Finno-Ugrians, not Balts and not Russians, but Pontids (Northern Iranians).
What are you trying to prove to me?
As for the Mishars - the Finno-Ugrians are generally funny.))) They have completely pronounced Pontids + the nomadic tradition has not been lost. At the same time, they differ sharply from the Russians and surrounding Finnish peoples. If anything, the ancient Finnish Meshchera had an Upper Oka type. Steppe Mishar is from the Scythians:
*News of the Society of Archaeology, History and Ethnography at the Imperial Kazan University. - Kazan, 1903
//. Legends and historical data about the Mishars. Gainetdin Akhmerov.
The Mishars call themselves Tatars, and consider the name “Mishar” to be an offensive expression towards themselves. To the question “Mishar”? often respond with swear words with the addition of the consonant verb “tishar” (will pierce, pierce), while other foreigners, for example, Bashkirs, Kyrgyz, speaking about their nationality “without Bashkort” (we are Bashkirs), “without Cossacks” (we are Kyrgyz), They hit their chest with their hands as a sign of pride. The Kazan Tatars, calling themselves Muslims by faith or Bulgars by origin, do not respect the name “Tatar” for themselves.
Mishari, although everyone is engaged in agriculture, everywhere they show a penchant for cattle breeding; they raise a lot of livestock, especially sheep. The Tatars living in the neighborhood of the Mishars do not have such a penchant for cattle breeding.
In the provinces of Simbirsk and Samara, the Mishars trade in sheep, each horse dealer has his own herd grazing.
In the fall, Mishar traders rent winter fields from neighboring landowners, where they graze their sheep until winter; They don’t have enough fields of their own for this. The Mishars are not particularly inclined towards poultry farming; they have few domestic birds at all. They don’t even have their own names for some domestic birds, kuchat (Russian kochet) - rooster, silazane - drake, and among the Tatars the rooster has been used since ancient times to determine time and is often talked about we're talking about in children's fairy tales. Among the Tatars, Chuvash and other foreigners of the Volga region, poultry farming is an economic aid, especially chicken farming; for example, from the provinces of Kazan and Vyatka they send a lot of eggs to St. Petersburg, Riga and from there abroad.
Beekeeping and hunting are also not familiar crafts for the Mishars, however, in Bashkiria the Mishars and their Murzas are partly engaged in falconry and riding wolves. They have special horses for this purpose, which are considered praiseworthy.
In the past, the Mishars of the Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirsk provinces kept tame bears, which is why the Tatars often call them “ayuchy” (leader bear).
The Mishars began to engage in trade, mainly peddling, only recently, and then not everywhere, but only in some provinces, for example, Nizhny Novgorod, Simbirsk, Penza and Saratov and in the cities of Kasimov and Chistopol. There are many of them living in the capitals. In St. Petersburg they are known as robes, as they mostly sell old clothes. In Moscow they sell “knots” (that is, they carry their goods in a knot), lace and old clothes. In Nizhny Novgorod they serve in coarse mills and in various factories. In Kostroma, some of them are cab drivers, some of them serve on various ships, and there are also shipowners. In Astrakhan, the majority are cab drivers (immigrants from the provinces of Nizhny Novgorod and Penza).
There are a lot of Mishars who are farriers. In some villages of the Simbirsk province, Mishars are completely engaged in this trade. There are no farriers at all from the Kazan Tatars. Mishar farriers can be seen throughout Russia, except for the Kyrgyz steppes. In the summer of 1898, three Mishar teachers from the Karsun district of the Simbirsk province came to Kazan for teaching courses, one of whom brought a piece of Japanese fabric to sew a robe in Kazan. This material was purchased from farriers visiting Japan and China.
It turns out that Mishar farriers, going deep into Asia, end up in China and Japan, from where they bring various kinds of Asian fabrics and carpets, which are sold here as a rarity at high prices.
In the summer of 1899, the Mishars of the Karsun district of the Simbirsk province, visiting the Amur region, asked the government for access to Sakhalin Island, but this was not allowed to them.
In the provinces of Simbirsk, Samara and Kazan, the Mishars are also involved in horse stealing, and display remarkable courage, resourcefulness and patience. These are supposed to be the remnants of the former equestrian prowess. We see the same passion for horse stealing among the Kyrgyz and Kalmyks. In the west of Tsivilsky and Buinsky districts there are Mishar villages, the inhabitants of which are completely engaged in this shameful trade. Gangs of horse thieves are always well organized, if not from one village, then from several villages - two or three people each; They usually meet at bazaars and fairs. In the neighborhood of the Mishars, or simply due to a misunderstanding, this vice is attributed to the Kazan Tatars, while horse stealing is a very rare phenomenon among them. In the Vyatka province, where herds walk without a shepherd in fenced fields and forests, horse theft is also a rare occurrence.
Mishari have a special predilection for animal foods rather than plant foods. My favorite meats are lamb and horse meat sausage. Only old and emaciated horses are slaughtered; the foal is never slaughtered. But the Tatars, on the contrary, slaughter fat horses and often fatten them with stillage, where there are distilleries; A lot of small foals are cut to free the uterus during field work.
National Tatar holidays, like Sabantuy (plow holiday), Zein - summer pleasure holidays in the months of May and June, the Mishars do not have. However, in some places, due to Tatar influence, Sabantuy and Mishars are celebrating.
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VII. About the suit.
The costume of the Mishars, both men and women, is the same Tatar, but they wear clothes of a more ancient form.
From the information delivered to E. A. Malov by Tatar S. A. regarding the uniform, the following is clear: “the clothes of the Mishars are like the clothes of old times, new fashion They dont have". Among the Kazan Tatars, the form often changes, as they are a trading people who have constant relations with various peoples. E. A. Malov says that the clothes of the Mishars are simple, of an ancient cut, and not the exquisite clothes of the Mohammedan form. E. A. noticed that the Mishars, like the Russians, have red or variegated shirts, that is, red and blue checkered patterns.
In some places (provinces of Penza, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirsk) a Russian-rural influence is noticeable on the men's costume of Mishars, for example, sometimes Mishars wear a Russian sheepskin coat, Russian hats, boots with wide tops or Russian bast shoes."
The Tatars wear both men's and women's costumes in Lately Russian urban influence began to be noticed.
The misharka's headband has a special shape, completely similar to the Kyrgyz one. First, they wrap the head in a veil (tastar), and tie a scarf over it, opening the ends at the back, like a turban. This feature of the headband of misharkas was also pointed out by E. A. Malov and Cheremshansky. I. N. Smirnov noticed that, due to the influence of the Mishars, Moksha women wear the same form of headdress.
Misharkas do not wear caps or hats; Tatar women often wear white felt hats during field work, and on holidays and when visiting they wear hats with a beaver band, sometimes decorated with braiding on top. However, the gaudy decoration of hats is already going out of fashion among the Tatars. The hat is given as a bride price from the groom, and is recorded in the metric number among other outfits.
The Misharkas have their own national camisole - a kind of outer dress with short skirts, sleeves up to the elbows, an open collar, and a pleated waist. The camisole is fastened with only one clasp, more of a silver one, the front edges only touching and not covering each other. We see exactly the same camisole among the Kirghiz and Nogai Tatars (in the provinces of Orenburg and Astrakhan). Tatar women also wear a camisole, but not like this, without folds and without sleeves, the collar is slightly open, the front edges cover each other. The Tatar camisole is usually warm (lined with fur), and is also given as a bridesmaid.
The Mishars wear knitted stockings, while the Tatars and Chuvashs wear cloth white stockings.
The Kostroma Mishars have nothing national left except the headband of women, who can only be distinguished from Russian women by this outfit.
The costume of the Mishars in the provinces of Orenburg and Ufa, judging by the descriptions of Cheremshansky, does not differ at all from the costume of the Bashkirs and Tatars of that region.
CONCLUSION ABOUT NATIONALITY AND ORIGIN.
Among Russian scientists, there is an opinion that the current Mishars or Meshcheryaks, as they are called in Russian literature, come from the Finnish Meshchera tribe, who lived on the Oka and its tributaries.
This assumption, based solely on the name "Mishar" and the disappearance of Meshchera, needs scientific verification. The literature about the Mishars is extremely poor; no one has studied the language and life of this people, which is why they meet common mistakes and inaccuracies in the few available sources.
The bare name "Mishar", of course, is not enough to determine the nationality of this tribe, since neighboring peoples often give each other erroneous names, for example, the Kirghiz call the Bashkirs Ostyaks (istak), the Meadow Cheremis call the Tatars Chuvash (Suas), Votyaks they call them bigers (biger), the Chuvash call the Kirghiz nogai (nogai), and the Kirghiz themselves generally call the Volga Tatars by this name, the Altai Kalmyks call the Russians Cossacks (Cossack). The disappeared Meshchera tribe was of the same origin as the Mordovians, and in Russian chronicles it is constantly mentioned together with the Mordovians and Cheremis.
Mordovians, like other Volga Finns, have led a sedentary life since ancient times and from time immemorial have been engaged in arable farming, beekeeping, animal hunting and fishing.
The Mishars not only have no inclination towards these branches of the economy (except for agriculture), but there are absolutely no words in the language related to these industries. And their agriculture is in a much worse state than that of the Mordovians and other foreigners of the Volga region. The Mordovians, like other Finns, have no nomadic character at all, which is preserved quite fresh among the Mishars.
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If the assumption about the origin of the current Mishars from the Meshchera is considered reliable, then through the influence of which people could this Finnish tribe so quickly and completely become Tatarized? In the language of the Kazan Tatars, as the closest Turkic neighbors of Meshchera, we do not notice some phonetic features of the Mishar dialect and a lot of its words and Turkic archaisms, found only in the dialects of the Siberian Tatars, who never came into contact with Meshchera.
The question is, why favorable circumstances Were other neighbors and fellow tribesmen of the Meshchera (Mordovians and Cheremis) not subjected to the same fate and remaining, as it were, isolated from the Tatars? Meanwhile, the Mordovians (Moksha), still occupying their historical places(and in the area of the Meshchera, as the name of the river - Moksha shows), is a permanent neighbor of the Mishars in the provinces of Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Tambov, Simbirsk, etc. How can we explain, finally, the very type of Turkic among the current Mishars and where could they have, so many murzas and princes?
The Mishars consider themselves Tatars, the Kirghiz call them Nogai (Nogai), the Kazan Tatars claim that they are of Turkish origin; other foreigners and the Russian people call them Tatars indifferently.
The language and the names of populated places derived from it prove that this nomadic people Turkic race, which emerged from Central Asia at a relatively late time. Their own legends and some historical data say that these are fragments of the Golden Horde.
Personal names and surnames derived from them also serve to some extent as indicators of their Tatar origin.
By type, the Mishars belong to the Turkic race and are more similar, for example, to the Crimean Tatars and even the distant Yakuts.
Their occupations, morals and customs are nomadic in nature and are similar to those of the Kyrgyz.
The women's costume is of purely Asian origin and is completely similar to the Kyrgyz and Nogai.
The totality of all this data excludes the possibility of a Finnish origin of the current Mishars and serves as irrefutable evidence of their Turkic origin. I came to the deep conviction that these were representatives of a more numerous and once powerful tribe, precisely the descendants of those nomads of Asia who in the 13th century poured into Europe across the Ural River and established themselves on Akhtuba under the name of the Golden Horde. After the collapse of the last part of this tribe, led by Tsarevich Kasim, in the middle of the 15th century established itself on the Oka River and began to be called after the main city of Meshchera, where their leader Kasim settled. Another significant part, which wandered for a long time and is known as common name Nogaitsev, after conquering the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, gradually established itself in the current provinces of Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Penza and the southern part of Kazan, when the region began to be populated by Russians. When the complete dominance of the Russians on the Volga was established, various circumstances forced the Mohammedan foreigners (Tatars and Mishars) to move to Bashkiria, where they live to this day. And also many Tatar princes and Murzas with their squads came out of the Horde into Russian service at various times. This entire element is currently called mishar.
VII. About the name Mishar.
Turkic tribes have a custom of calling themselves and their neighbors by the names of leaders (Uzbek, Nogai, Chagatai, etc.), or by the names of populated places. For example, the Turks generally call Russians by the name “Moskov”; the Volga Bulgars were also known by their main city. Mishari Nizhny Novgorod province they call the Tatars the name “Kazan”, the Astrakhan Nogai call them “Kazanna”. The Mishar Murzas in the Ufa province are known in Bashkiria under the name “Toman” as they came from Temnikov in the Tambov province. The Mishari of the Ryazan province generally call themselves “KaciM”, and the city of Kasimov is called “Kirman”.
In the cities of Moscow and Astrakhan there live many Mishars from the Nizhny Novgorod province, who are generally known under the name “Nizhny Novgorod,” as they call themselves. The city of Kasimov, before its occupation by the Tatars, was called “Meshchera”, as well as “Meshchera town”. The name of the ancestor of the new settlers (Kasim) gradually replaced the ancient name, which later passed on to the people who lived in it (and in its region). The Kazan Tatars imposed this name without distinction on all the Volga Tatars, who spoke one common dialect.
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Tell me what are you trying to prove to me and why?
That the Tatars are brothers to the Russians and Finno-Ugric peoples?
