Analysis of the surname and name - interpretation of their meaning. Surname analysis - different methods

The work was done by Derbin Artyom, a student of grade 9, secondary school No. 34, p. Sbega, Mogochinsky District, Trans-Baikal Territory

Let's look at the history of the names of my classmates. Let's hear what the owners of surnames will tell about themselves, about their families.

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Municipal educational institution

secondary school No. 34

With. Sbega, Mogochinsky district

Research work on the topic:

"FAMILY STORIES"

The work was done by a 9th grade student

Derbin Artyom

Supervisor

Ushanfa Olga Timofeevna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

S. Escape

year 2014

Introduction 3-4

Chapter 1. From the history of surnames 5-7

Chapter 2

2.1. Numerous surname 8

2.2. Family Charm 9

2.3. Companions of nature. 9-10

2.4. The basis of life. 10

2.5. Kuznetsov is the most common surname in Russia 10

2.6. Pakhomovy 11

2.7. Mystery of the name 11-12

2.8. Happy family 12

2.9. Strong family 12-13

2.10. Sidorov 13

2.11. Bulgarian surname 13-14

2.12. Tyumentsevy 14

2.13. Family of musicians 14-15

2.14. Chemeris 15

2.15. Shulginy 16

Conclusion 17

References 18

Introduction.

See the primordial ovary

And look into the times

When out of chaos were born

Surnames and names.

N. Zabolotsky

Every day we have to hear, read, pronounce or write dozens of names of our friends, classmates, relatives, acquaintances, colleagues and comrades.

From the pages of newspapers, on the radio, from TV screens, we receive them in even greater numbers - hundreds and even thousands. This is related to the most important social function surnames, in order to know who it is about, whose surname is of interest, whose name is popular. But one day the question may arise: what kind of surname is this? Never heard... What does it mean? How did my own happen? What about the friend's name? Neighbor?

Today it has become fashionable to be interested in one's ancestors. And this is gratifying: from Ivanov, who does not remember kinship, we are turning into normal people who do not think according to patterns, but into people trying to understand the world around them in all its diversity, striving to realize their place in this world, to look into the history of their family. And this is greatly helped by the knowledge of one’s roots, a “live” interest in them: “where did az come from"- who were your ancestors, what they did, what part they took part in the history of the country. A surname can tell a lot about this.

Most people are unaware of how much information their last name contains. First of all - how it was formed in general. There is a naive notion drawn from historical novels, the authors of which were not strong in onomastics - the science of names - that the surnames were formed either by the name of the father: Peter, Ivanov's son, hence Ivanov, or by profession: Stepan, the son of smiths, here you have Kuznetsov. And it happened as if in the era of Peter I, when the reformer tsar, taking an example from his Western neighbors, ordered to write “with the fatherland”, thus freeing up space for another word that defines a person.

Relevance of the topicwork lies in the fact that the study of surnames allows you to more fully represent historical events recent centuries, interest in the emergence of surnames. Surnames are sort of living history. How did people live? Why did they get this and not another surname? What is reflected in each? Does the content, the meaning of a surname always convey the essence of a person, his thoughts, actions?

Research objectsare the names of my classmates and their parents.

Research objectives:

1. Consider the causes of the emergence of surnames, their formation.
2. Analyze the etymology of the names of my classmates.

Research methods:analysis, generalization.

Organization of the study description:

On the first stage were carried out: a theoretical analysis of the research problem, the construction of a hypothesis.

On the second stage was carried out: the selection of research methods, the search for material.

On the third stage were carried out: generalization of experience and substantiation of logic, study of the elements of culture, given by traditions in the analysis of a research text, generalization of material on an elective course.

Research base:

MOU secondary school No. 34, students of the 9th grade, parents of students of the 9th grade.

Research results:

1. Discussed in class.
2. were presented at scientific conference School No. 34.

The work consists from the introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography.

CHAPTER 1. FROM THE HISTORY OF THE SURNAME

Surname - hereditary generic name, indicating that a person belongs to one genus, leading from a common ancestor, or in a narrower sense - to one family.

The word "surname" is of Latin origin. In the Roman Empire, it denoted a community consisting of a family of masters and their slaves. This word later had a similar meaning for quite a long time in Europe and in Russia. There are known facts when, even in the 19th century, serfs received a surname from their master. Since the 19th century, the word "surname" in Russian has acquired its second meaning, which has become official and basic today: "hereditary family naming added to a personal name."

As for the origin Slavic surnames, then they were formed primarily from names and names indicating the place of residence and origin of the carrier, the craft, trade, profession, as well as some individual (physical or psychological) properties of a person.

Surnames in the modern sense of the word in Rus' appeared rather late, only in the 16th century. The spread of surnames began with people of noble origin. A significant part of the urban and rural population did not have their own surname 200 years ago. The surnames of the nobles were established from the first half of the 4th to the end of the 17th century. People of the lower strata did not have a surname until the middle of the 19th century. Ordinary people received surnames after liberation from serfdom in 1861.

It is interesting that the attitude towards people of different classes sounded peculiar in the surname. For example, names ordinary people were given in a diminutive and sometimes disparaging form: Zakharko, Ivashko, Filimonko. Here is the entry: “Vasko Osipov lived in the village of Khochevitsy. His son, who founded the village of Novye Khochevitsy, is already referred to as Petrok Vasilev, not Osipov..

But the nobility had such sounds: Ivan Pshenka Ivanov, son of Kaftyrev. "Prince Alexander, Prince Grigoriev son of Vadbolsky", "Stepan and Vasya and Kostyantin and Ivan Vasiliev children of Golenishchev",

Sometimes fierce class feuds took place around the surnames. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (father of Peter I) forbade the princes Romodanovsky to add to the first surname a second, traditional one - Starodubsky, since the second surname corresponded to the ancient inheritance of the Romodanovskys, and this did not quite correspond to the ideas of the Moscow tsars. So, after the tsar's decree, one of the Romodanovskys, Grigory, tearfully beat with his brow "Quiet" (as we remember, that was how Alexei Mikhailovich was called): "Have mercy, don't tell me to take away our old honor!" You see how tightly the princes clung to their generosity ...

Often surnames were given to priests according to the names of those churches in which they served: deacon Ivan, who served in the Trinity Church, could receive the surname Trinity. Some clergy acquired surnames upon graduation from the seminary: Athensky, Dukhososhestvensky, Brilliants, Dobromyslov, Benemansky, Kiparisov, Palmin, Reformatsky, Pavsky, Golubinsky, Klyuchevsky, Tikhomirov, Myagkov, Liperovsky (from the Greek root meaning “sad”), Gilyarovsky (from Latin root meaning "cheerful").

The word "surname" means family, family, family name. Since in ancient times there were no surnames, they were replaced by names and nicknames.

Three centuries ago, each person could be listed in the documents, which indicated:

1. baptismal name;
2. father's name, nickname or profession;
3. own nickname;
4. Place of Birth;
5. nationality;
6. profession or position.

This is how the vast majority of Russian surnames Ivanov son, Maryin son, Stolyarov son, Gypsy son were formed.

What can a surname tell about its owner? Specialists in the field of onomastics - the science of names - managed to identify the connection of family secrets not only with the social roots and professional pedigree of the owner, but even secret societies and religious sects.

This topic attracted us. It is interesting to know the origin of the names of my classmates. Along with scientific versions, the children and their parents and I created our own.

What surnames are missing:

Pyaterkin, Dvoikin, Supov,

Slyuntyaev, Tryapkin-Darmoed,

Pupkov and Perepupov!

In the names of various persons,

Sometimes we know

The names of fish and birds sound,

Animals and Insects:

Lisichkin, Rakov, Turkeys,

Seledkin, Myshkin, Telkin,

Mokritsyn, Volkov, Motylkov,

Bobrov and Perepelkin!

But maybe some Komarov

Have a leonine character

And a certain Barsov or Lvov -

Umishko mosquito.

It happens that Korshunov is different

Sinichkina is afraid

And Chistunov is reputed to be a pig,

And Prostachkov is a fox!

And Rakov, if not a fool,

Ignorant and stupid

Doesn't back away like cancer

And everything is moving forward!

Plevkov changed his last name,

Called himself Diamond

But basically - he was a donkey,

He remained a donkey!

A Griboyedov, Pirogov

Glorified forever!

And the conclusion, therefore, is this:

It's not all about the name

But in man!

Sergei Mikhalkov notes that not every surname reflects the essence of a person: "Komarov has a lion's character", "It happens that Korshunov ... Sinichkina is afraid." The writer is right: "It's not about the surname, but about the person."

CHAPTER 2 Surname stories and family stories of my classmates

There are Kuznetsov in every class.

Who is Kuznetsov's great-grandfather?

He was from a family of blacksmiths ...

Goncharov's great-grandfather knew

Pottery wheel and clay...

Pilshchikov was friends with the saw,

Crumpled Kozhemyakin skin,

I went to the attacks of the Warriors,

Streltsov also fought ...

They sound like music, like poetry,

Surnames are simple.

Look closely and you will see them

History of Russia.

Let's look at the history of the names of my classmates. Let's hear what the owners of surnames will tell about themselves, about their families.

2.1. Numerous surname.

The basis of the surname Antsiferov served the church name Onesiphorus. The surname Antsiferov comes from the name Onesiphorus, forgotten today. This name comes from a Greek word meaning "useful". The basis for the surname was the colloquial form of this name - Antsifer, characteristic of Veliky Novgorod and Pskov. One of the patrons of this name is the Reverend Onesiphorus of the Caves. He labored in the Kiev Caves Monastery, was a presbyter and had the gift of clairvoyance. He died in 1148 and was buried in the Near Caves next to St. Spyridon. Most likely, the founder of the Antsiferov family came from a working or peasant environment. This assumption is explained by the fact that the surnames formed from the full form of the name had mainly the social elite, the nobility, or families that enjoyed great authority in the area, whose representatives were respectfully called by the neighbors full name, unlike other estates, which were called, as a rule, diminutives, derivatives, are everyday.

The ancestors of Mikhail Antsiferov are great-grandfather Antsiferov Georgy Ivanovich, great-grandmother Tamara Mikhailovna. She is now 83 years old. There were 10 children in their family: Nikolai, Vitaly, Galina Boris, Lydia, Olga, Yuri, Vladimir, Zoya, Alexander. In a large family there were also adopted children, there were four of them: Lyubov, Zinaida, Nina, Gennady.

It was a difficult time. I had to feed a large family. The family, indeed, as the story of the surname says, was working. Adults worked in the Mogochinsky LPH. And the children studied, managed the housework.

2.2. Family amulet.

The origin of the surname Alekseev the church name Alexei served. The surname Alekseev comes from the baptismal name Alexei (translated from ancient Greek - "protector"), or from Alexander ("protector"). These two names have a number of identical derivative forms, starting with Alex -, from one of which the surname Alekseev could be formed. Alexy, the man of God, whose memory is celebrated on March 30, was considered the patron of the name. He was a wealthy Roman (5th century) and in his youth he decided that he would devote himself to God. Leaving his parents and fiancée behind, he spent his life in prayer, fasting, and living on alms. After the death of Alexy, his relics helped to heal the sick. In Rus', they believed that if you give a child the name of a saint or great martyr, then his life will be bright, good or difficult, because there is an invisible connection between the name and the fate of a person. Alexey, eventually received the surname Alekseev.

There are three daughters in the Alekseev family: Tatyana, Christina, Arina. Tatyana, the eldest, often remains the mistress of the house, as mom and dad work. It is necessary to follow the order in the house, how the younger sisters prepared their lessons. The girls are friendly. Helpers. At school, girls study successfully, good students. Tatyana is a 9th grade student, Kristina is an 8th grader, Arina is in the 6th grade. The girls are active in public life schools. Tatyana participates in various competitions, Kristina attends circles at the House of Culture. Arina loves sports, attends basketball clubs. Sisters are responsible and independent. They are the guardian of the family, the growing protection of peace and comfort in the house.

2.3. Companions of nature.

Surname Durbin derived from the nickname Derba. According to one version, it originates from a similar dialect common noun, which in the Vologda and Arkhangelsk dialects had the meaning of “area heavily overgrown with moss and thick grass”, “thicket”. Probably, the nickname Derba reflected the peculiarities of the place of residence of the founder of the family - in a meadow, not far from the forest, etc. It is also possible that the nickname goes back to the verb "derby" - "scratch, wag, scrape." In this case, the nickname Derba most likely refers to the number of "professional" names containing an indication of the type of activity of the ancestor: he could be engaged in scutching flax or hemp. According to another hypothesis, the nickname Derba is etymologically connected with the noun "derben", which in Permian dialects meant "thick linen canvas", and in Yaroslavl - "clumsy, baggy person." According to this, it can be assumed that Derboy was dubbed either an artist or an awkward, clumsy person. Derba, eventually received the surname Derbin.

Much of the Durbin name is debatable. The Derbin family agreed that their surname reflects the peculiarity of the place of residence "near the forest."

The family built the house on the banks of the Murgurunda River, wayward and noisy. Uryum runs not far, capturing the waters of a mountain stream. The Durbins love nature, clean river air - so they live next to the forest. And there are artists in their family, or rather artists in their field. Whatever work the head of the family Nikolai undertakes, he does everything with his soul, beautifully, soundly. The villagers often turn to Artyom's grandmother for help. She will heal the baby’s fright, and relieve the headache.

The history of the surname tells that distant ancestors were engaged in "flax and hemp scutching." It was in ancient times. Modern Durbins have slightly changed their professions, occupations, hobbies. The head of the family, Nikolay, works in the FC, as a track fitter. He is both a hunter and a fisherman. And the Derbin family lives together, firmly, well. Xenia, eldest, owner silver medal the pride of the school. Artyom is excellent. Activist. Participates in various school and district competitions.

What gives strength and energy to them? Probably harmony with nature.

2.4. The basis of life.

Surname Korenev originated from the nickname Root, which goes back to the common noun "root" in the meaning of "part of any plant." Most likely, this surname is based on the figurative meaning of this word: “stubborn, harsh”, or “stingy”. Then it can be assumed that such a surname indicated the character traits of its founder. Root, eventually received the name Korenev.

"Look at the root" - says folk wisdom. Indeed, the root is the basis of the life of any plant, the essence of human life. The Korenev family disputes the meaning of the word "stingy", which is the basis of the surname. Miserly, in their opinion, practical, economical. This is true. The Korenev family will store firewood in time for the winter, and plant a garden early, and stock up on jams from forest berries and mushrooms.

2.5. Kuznetsov is the most common surname in Russia.

Surname Kuznetsov comes from the nickname Blacksmith. The surname is based on the patronymic, formed from the naming of the father by occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary and everything famous person in the village, then naming on this basis was everywhere. And so it became, the surname Kuznetsov is one of the most frequent in Russia. Blacksmith, eventually received the name Kuznetsov.

The grandfather of Alena Kuznetsova, his relatives remember him, was a Cossack. His name was Leonid Afanasyevich. His life was difficult. He completed the 4th grade, after which he began labor activity. He was 16 years old when the war began. After Leonid Afanasyevich turned 18, he was sent to the front. There the young man learned to master the saber and firearms perfectly. He went through the whole war up to Berlin. Has many awards. Already in Peaceful time married, now lives in his native village. His wife's name was Lyubov Pavlovna. She also made a great contribution to the victory over Germany, worked hard in the rear. Leonid Afanasyevich never became a blacksmith. But he worked hard on the collective farm fields for the good of the motherland.

2.6. Pakhomovs

The basis of the surname Pakhomov served the church name Pachomius. The surname Pakhomov goes back to the canonical male name Pachomius, which in Greek means "broad-shouldered." The patron saint of this name was the Holy Martyr Pachomius, who was beheaded by Muslims in 1780 for refusing to accept Mohammedanism. the name and destiny of man. Pakhomy, eventually received the surname Pakhomov. It is known that some of the Pakhomovs were nobles of the Tula province, who traced their origins to the clerk of the 17th century Vasily Pakhomov.

Vasily Andreevich Pakhomov, Dmitry's grandfather, recalls: “I had a very hard life. My family didn't have money. When my mother died, I was two years old. It was difficult for my father to feed the family, and he gave me to a village family that had no children of its own. I grew up in Balei, on the Stalin collective farm. When the war was going on, I was 14 years old. I plowed the land with a plow and a horse, and cut hay. Once, at the age of 15, the chairman of the collective farm sent me to a military point - it was necessary to take food. When I arrived there, I saw that our soldiers were celebrating their victory. After the war, at the age of 20, I joined the army, and after serving the Motherland, I met my future wife, Evdokia.” Dmitry, the grandson of Vasily Andreevich Pakhomov, says: “Grandfather had a difficult life, but he overcame all difficulties, became a good man, has raised a son and two daughters, and is helping to raise grandchildren and granddaughters.”

2.7. Name secret.

From ancient times, the Slavs had a tradition of giving a person a nickname in addition to the name he received at baptism. This was due to the fact that there were relatively few church names, and they were often repeated. The nickname made it easy to distinguish a person in society. This was very convenient, since the supply of nicknames was truly inexhaustible. Sources could be: an indication of the characteristics of the character or appearance of a person, the designation of the nationality or locality from which the person came. Sometimes nicknames, originally attached to baptismal names, completely replaced names not only in everyday life, but also in official documents. Surname Plotnikov formed from the nickname Carpenter, which contains an indication of the profession of an ancestor: in Rus', a carpenter was a person involved in woodworking, the construction of wooden buildings. The carpenter, eventually received the surname Plotnikov.

Kristina Plotnikova is not a direct descendant of the Plotnikovs. Interested in the roots of her family, she compiled a family tree. It turned out that there were carpenters, builders, joiners in the family.

Our attention was drawn to the name of Christina. Rare. What is hidden in the name Christina? We looked into history and this is what we saw there. Christina looks like her father, but her character is maternal: she is mobile, quick-witted, sometimes unpredictable, and has an excellent memory. This is a cheerful girl who does nothing in a hurry, does not panic. Christina does not have an instant reaction, it usually takes her some time to make a decision. This allows her to focus and make the right decision. At first glance, one gets the impression of a shy, even timid girl. In fact, Christina is just observant, attentive. In society, he quickly converges with strangers, but prefers a few selected friends. It is very difficult to penetrate into her inner world. It is not always possible to understand what she is thinking. However, Christina's outward impenetrability hides a stormy temperament. By nature, Christina is quick-tempered, but quick-tempered. She is meticulous and likes order in everything.

2.8. Funny family.

Most likely last name Rakhmanin formed from the nickname Rahman. It, in turn, goes back to the dialect word "rakhmanny". In the southwestern regions, Rahman was called a sluggish, quiet, meek, simple-minded, slow-moving person. And in the north and east of the country, the nickname Rahman was given to a dandy, a merry fellow, a reveler. Thus, the surname Rakhmanin may indicate the characteristics of the character of the ancestor. According to another, less plausible hypothesis, it comes from the eastern male name Rahman, which means “merciful” in translation from Turkic into Russian. Naming the child by that name, the parents wanted their son to grow up as a smart, kind, fair and caring boy. One of the first mentions of the surname in written sources dates back to the middle of the 17th century: in the Onomasticon by S.B. Veselovsky was recorded by Rakhmanin Astafyevich Kolzakov, labial headman, 1566, Vladimir. Rakhman, eventually received the surname Rakhmanin.

Alexei Rakhmanin does not remember his father. Father died when Alyosha was very small. Rakhmanina Vera Alexandrovna, Alexei's grandmother, having learned the history of her surname, supported the meaning of the surname "dandy, merry fellow." She told us that Alexei's father, Sergei, was a dandy. Loved fashionable things. Was careful. He had many friends. Very sociable. He liked playing pranks on his friends. Cheerful man was.

2.9. A strong family.

Last name Saraev goes back to the common noun "barn" - "a utility room for storing carts, harness and other property." Most likely, a coachman, coachman, a person who was engaged in transportation and had a large horse-drawn transport service could get a similar surname. It is possible that given surname goes back to the Turkic "barn" - "palace, mansions". In this case, one of the noyons of the Tatar-Mongolian army, close to the khan's court, could receive it. It is known that Sarai was the name of the capital of the Golden Horde, founded by Batu in the 13th century on the left bank of the Akhtuba River. The barn was plundered by the Russians and finally destroyed in 1501 by the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray, an ally of Moscow. It is possible that the ancestor of the owner of this surname was a resident of this ancient city, the ruins of which are currently located near the Astrakhan city of Tsareva. Sarai, eventually received the surname Saraev.

You can talk about the Saraevs for a long time. There are many Saraevs in Sbegi. Almost all of them are connected by threads of kinship. Families are friendly and strong. The basis of the surname includes the word "barn" (I think the building is residential, strong, durable). The words “palace, mansions” are more suitable. Indeed, the houses near the Saraevs are beautiful and well-groomed. The house of Pavel's uncle, Yury Saraev, is surrounded by a smooth, beautiful fence. Everywhere is clean and tidy. The house of Pavel Saraev's grandfather, Nikolai Garafovich, is surrounded by flowers in the summer, curling along the walls of the terrace.

The Sarajevos try to live comfortably, happily, and firmly.

2.10. Sidorovs

The surname Sidorov was based on the church name Sidor. Canonical names were contained in the church calendar - the holy calendar. Canonical names have become an active base for creating surnames. However, since there were relatively few of them, they were often repeated, thereby creating difficulties in communication between people. Therefore, the ancient Slavs solved the problem of identification by adding the name of the father to the name of the son. This made it possible not only to easily distinguish a person in society, but also to designate his belonging to a certain genus. The surname Sidorov comes from the name Sidor, common in the old days. This name is the Russian analogue of the Greek Isidore, meaning "servant of the goddess Isis." As a result, the descendant of a person with the name Sidor eventually received the surname Sidorov.

2.11. Toucan

The surname Tukan is common in Moldova and Romania. Most likely, she is of Gagauz origin, which is not surprising, since the main part of the Gagauz has been living in these countries since ancient times. The surname Tukan is derived from a similar nickname. It, most likely, goes back to the word "tukan", which in translation from the Gagauz means "Bulgarian". This is the name of the representative of the South Slavic people, which arose during the period early medieval as a result of the merging of the Bulgars with the Balkan Slavs and the remnants of the local population of the Balkans. Thus, it is likely that the founder of the Toucan clan belonged to this nation. Thus, a person whose ancestor was called Tukan eventually received the surname Tukan. Among the most famous namesakes- Boris Petrovich Tukan, Moldavian and Israeli Turkologist-Gagauzologist, dialectologist, lexicographer, translator.

The roots of the Tukan family are from Bulgaria. They are migrants. Now many of their relatives live in Moldova. The head of the family is Vasily Vasilyevich Tukan.

He explained that they were not Moldovans, but Bulgarians. All numerous relatives communicate well, speak Bulgarian. Galina Vladimirovna, the wife of Vasily Vasilyevich, mastered Bulgarian cuisine.

On weekdays, the Tukan family serves vegetable dishes, beans, potato mandu, and onions. On holidays, the owner pampers his family with a bone. These are pork ribs pre-marinated and fried over a fire.

Toucan family supports national traditions their Bulgarian ancestors.

2.12. Tyumentsevs

The nickname Tyumenets was given to a native of the city of Tyumen. It is traditionally believed that the word "Tyumen" comes from the Mongolian "tumen". In Mongolian, it means "ten thousand". There was another meaning in the word "tumen" - this was the name of an administrative-territorial unit like a modern region, which, at the request of the Golden Horde khans, had to put up ten thousand soldiers. They tried to explain the origin of "Tyumen" with the words of the Mansi language: "tyu" - mine and "mena" - possession, property, that is, "my possession". IN modern language Tyumen Tatars the word "Tyumen" means "lowland", "low place". Tyumenets, eventually received the name Tyumentsev.

The father of Evgeny Tyumentsev, Tyumentsev Stanislav Stepanovich is a sociable person. He keeps any conversation alive. Often interested in the success of his son in school. Unfortunately, Zhenya is not always successful. Grandfather, Stepan Dmitrievich, Evgenia loves, pampers with gifts, helped to buy a computer. In turn, Zhenya helps grandfather. Water the beds in the summer. Grandpa Zhenya is very dear. The grandson often visits his grandfather.

They are very fond of animals in the Tyumentsev family. They have eight dogs: Druzhok, Kuchum, Dozor, Sobol, Kadar, Chara, Dina, Taiga, among which there are thoroughbreds. Each dog has its own habits. The Tyumentsevs laugh: “And watchmen, and just barking, and hunting. Various dogs. For a very long time, the Tyumentsevs kept horses, and a lot. The land was plowed on them, hay was mowed, haystacks were taken out of the field.

Probably, the history of the surname affected the occupations of the family: horses, dogs.

2.13. A family of musicians.

The etymology of the surname Fedotov, belonging to a common type of Russian surnames, goes back to a proper name. The surname Fedotov was based on the worldly name Fedot. The fact is that church names were initially perceived by the ancient Slavs as alien, since their sound was unusual for a Russian person. In addition, there were relatively few baptismal names, and they were often repeated, thereby creating difficulties in communication between people. Therefore, the ancient Slavs solved the problem of identification by adding a worldly name to a church one. This allowed them not only to easily distinguish a person in society, but also to designate his belonging to a certain genus. According to the ancient Slavic tradition ambiguity, a worldly name served as a kind of amulet protecting a person from evil spirits. The surname Fedotov goes back to the Christian male name Theodot (translated from Greek - “given by the gods”), or rather, to its colloquial form - Fedot. Intensive introduction of surnames in Rus' in the XV-XVII centuries. was associated with the strengthening of a new social stratum, becoming the ruling - the landowners. Initially, these were possessive adjectives with the suffixes -ov / -ev, -in, indicating the name of the head of the family. As a result, the descendant of a person with the name Fedot eventually received the surname Fedotov.

Denis Fedotov told us a story about his family:

“My father plays the guitar, my grandfather plays the button accordion, and my great-grandmother played the balalaika and sang in the Balalaika choir in Transbaikal. Our family has good hearing and each person from our family has musical ability. What can not be said about the characters, we all have it different, but kindness prevails. Many are gifted with a wonderful sense of humor, love to teach each other, and are always happy to help. The Fedotovs are kind, sympathetic, hospitable, hospitable people. I am very glad that my surname is Fedotov.

The story says that the name served as a talisman against evil spirits. That's how it happened. And the sounds of music help the Fedotovs live in peace.

2.14. Chemeris

Surname Chemeris has Ukrainian origin. It is formed from the nickname Chemeris: this is how the Polish Tatars were called in the old days. Most likely, this nickname contained an indication of nationality specific person. However, it cannot be ruled out that Cheremis was nicknamed a Slav who looked like a Tatar (for example, black hair, black eyes). One of the most famous namesakes is the Ukrainian writer Valentin Chemeris (“Operation Zemfira”, “Motherland of Gordy Zaliznyak”, etc.). Cheremis, eventually received the surname Chemeris.

We decided to tell ourselves about Sasha. In general, Sasha is closed, silent, it is very difficult to call him for a conversation, he is more silent. But he is sharp on the tongue. Joker. They learned from the history of the surname that people bearing the surname Chemeris are outwardly swarthy, they have big black eyes, black hair. It really is. Sasha has a direct look, kind eyes. Thick dark hair. But there are also Slavic features of appearance: a strong physique, big hands. The young man will be tall in the future (grandfather is tall).

2.15. Shulgins

Often, nicknames that were originally attached to baptismal names completely replaced names not only in everyday life, but also in official documents. The surname Shulgin is formed from a nickname, which is based on the dialect word "shulga", i.e. left hand. Most likely, Shulga was called left-handed. IN folk performances"left" has always been associated with evil, evil spirits, untruth, with everything bad and hostile. Therefore, Shulga could be called not only a left-hander, but also a deceiver, a rogue, a swindler in general.

"Shulga" was in the family. But the Shulgins did not want to talk about him. Yes, and there is no need. Their family is ordinary, working. They live honestly, quietly, modestly. Raising children.

Surnames are what connects any of us with our ancestors from time immemorial. My classmates and I were interested in learning the history of our surname, the origin and meaning of words that had long since left the language, but left a mark on our surnames.

In the course of the work, fifteen surnames were studied. It turned out that one value is not enough, since different sources give different values. To find out the origin of a particular surname, you also need to know the history of your family, a kind. Over time, people change. Their worldview is changing. Customs and traditions are subject to change. Only surnames remain.

Conclusion

In some cases, the scientific version of the origin of the history of the surname coincides with the character, appearance, manners, but in our cases there were contradictions: if science says that a person with a certain surname is sad, shy, but he is different. Our work concerned the origin of surnames. But there are also serious studies in the field of anthroponymy .. In particular, they are carried out in the Moscow Information and Research Center called "History of the Surname". In this center, you can learn about what your ancestor did, what his name was, what kind of character he had. Did he like, say, to wear beautiful clothes, was he tall or small, noisy or quiet. Descendants learn about their ancestor, who gave them a surname. By studying the meaning of our last name, we learn the history of our family. And if someone is interested in his last name, let him turn to compiling family tree of his family. They listened with great interest to our story about the origin of surnames. Our interlocutors agreed with something, denied something.

How many surnames do we have in the country? Hundreds of thousands. It is clear that you cannot explain everything in one book. There are a great many sources-interpreters of surnames. One should not be surprised that the surname can be ambiguous - in different parts of the state the same word is interpreted differently. This often happens: the owners of the same surname, even members of the same family, are completely different people. WITH different appearance with different outlooks on life. Every person on Earth has a surname. You should keep your name, your surname, keep the memory of your ancestors. History is to be proud of. Do noble deeds in order to keep your name forever and pass it on to your descendants.

You have the same first and last name.
It is given to you forever.
Life is long.
And that's why you
Save him.

Bibliography

1. Bortnik G.V. They call them by name, they call them by their patronymic [Text] / G.V. Bortnik // Russian speech. - 1994. - No. 4. - With ...
2. Wikipedia: Free Encyclopedia [Electronic resource]. Date of update: 11/18/2013. URL: http: // www/ru.wikipedia.orq /wiki/ Surname (date of access: 11/19/2013).
3. Glushko E.A. Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. [Text] / E.A. Glushko, Yu.M. Medvedev. - M .: EXPO - Press, 2000. - ... p.
4. History, meaning and origin of the surname. Your family tree [Electronic resource]. URL: http: // www/ tvoya-familya.ru (date of access: 11/12/2013).
5. Nikonov V.A. Dictionary of Russian surnames. [Text] / V.A.Nikonov. - M., 1993. - ... p.
6. Dictionary of names. [Text] / M.: scientific book, 1998. - ... p.
7. Superanskaya A.V. Modern Russian surnames. [Text] / A.V.Superanskaya, A.V.Suslova. - M., 1981. - ... p.
8. Fedosyuk Yu.A. Russian surnames. [Text] / Yu.A. Fedosyuk. - M., 1981. - ... p.
9. UFOLOG.ru [Electronic resource]. / We tend to believe. URL: http:// www. Ufoloq. ru / names / order (date of access: 11/10/13).

Visitors are invited to carry out the analysis of the surname and name in our office, which specializes in genealogical research and restoration of the pedigree. As part of this service, Livemem specialists will carry out express analysis and decryption in one direction for the specified cost. Based on the results of the work, a text file is provided in Word format, where the meaning and surname interpretation. The text of the history of origin, obtained during the analysis, is approximately 2500 characters (page A4 in standard 12th font). However, the amount of decoding depends on the rarity of the surname or name and the availability of reliable sources for a particular study. If you plan to beautifully arrange the results, then it makes sense order a family diploma, since the analysis of the surname in this service is free.

What gives the decoding of the surname after its in-depth analysis

Deciphering the surname based on the results of an express study with a scientific interpretation allows you to find out the theory of the origin of the family. The meaning of such an analysis of the surname and name is to determine at least superficial information about the history of the family in the absence of the possibility of a detailed study with immersion in genealogical sources. Note that reliable facts can only be obtained with the help of a deep restoration of the pedigree, linking the chains of generations. To find the real version of the origin of the surname, it is necessary, when searching for ancestors, to reach the period when the first carrier is found, not forgetting to analyze the reasons for the assignment. If assumptions and surname analysis with an interpretation of the meaning is not enough and I want to find out true story kind, we recommend order genealogical research with references and certificates public institutions, confirming the authenticity.

Some "experts" mistakenly consider all namesakes to be relatives. This theory is fundamentally wrong and is refuted by a competent deciphering of the meaning of the surname, that is, by the principles of its formation. Here are two illustrative examples: the formation on behalf of the father (whose son is Ivanov) and by profession - the blacksmith became Kuznetsov. Thoughtful analysis of nuances and competent interpretation of surnames confirm that their identity is not a sign of kinship. Genealogy is specific, which is why novice researchers stumble upon pitfalls, making rash conclusions. However, we agree with the common statement - the rarer the surname, the more likely it is that individuals have common ancestors in older generations. Order an analysis of your last name or first name from our research bureau and partially reveal the secret of the origin of the clan. If you want to have fascinating information about the life of your ancestors, it may come in handy

First, you need to clarify what exactly this is needed for. surname analysis. The surname has long been not only close and distant relatives, but also employees, if any. Subsequently, serfs also joined them, although there are few relatives of them, one can call them, but if we take into account the slave system, then when it collapsed, due to revolutionary moods, many owners tried their last strength to feed their slaves, who began family for them. Just like slaves didn't want to leave their masters. Of course, this was not the case in all families, but it was so in educated and intelligent families. But in this article we will look at the methods of analyzing exactly relatives, carriers of the same surname, who are such by birth:
- the first and most important surname analysis . This is a territorial analysis. Where and when did the family live, and by what signs of the area did it get its last name. In Rus', the surname appeared in the city of Novy Novgorod. It is a commercial and political center of that time, which successfully traded with all of Europe. And since the first surnames appeared precisely in European countries, which are on this moment were more civilized, then with the trade craft they brought the surname to Russia. Only merchants and rich people who had services to the state had the right to bear the surname, a little later. A century later, surnames began to appear in Moscow, but again only among the nobility. With the introduction of serfdom, the peasants also began to receive their surnames, but the workers in the cities did not have their own surnames for a long time. The peasants received it due to the fact that they had to write down the name of the landowner. Therefore, when the population census took place, it turned out how many landlords did not own villages, everyone was given the same last name, or rather the last name of the landowner. Those peasants who were free from serfdom were able to get their surnames from the names of the places where they lived or were born, which is almost the same thing, since people rarely wandered from place to place. After all, it is not so easy, along with the acquired good, to settle in a strange place where there are no relatives and you need to fight natural hardships alone;
- surname analysis, which is based on the middle name. This method will help to identify the real family members. Even different people have the same last name. Their roots will be different. In this case, the surname was given by the name of the father or grandfather, that is, by male line. At first, for some time they called by their patronymic, rarely mentioning the name. After that, the patronymic was reduced, and the surname was obtained, which was passed on by inheritance. With one difference, that there are different endings for men and women;
- analysis based on nicknames. Not one people had as many nicknames as there were in Rus'. It was here that well-aimed nicknames were given, which accurately described the habits, virtues and faults of the character of the person who was given this nickname. Not infrequently, the nickname forced out from the memory of people not only names, but also patronymics. Therefore, when surnames began to be organized, some people adapted nicknames to their surnames, which indicated the essence of a person and were already familiar to him and those around him;
- surname analysis which were given on the basis of work activity. Much work has left its imprint on a person. Therefore, not remembering the name, they began to call him by his craft. So in the villages and villages appeared surnames associated with the type of activity. But, also on the other hand, the surnames that could be associated with the type of activity were donated by the sovereign. As with the merchant Rybin. The merchant was a fisherman. He had vast lands in Primorye, many artels of fishermen worked for him, he could equip and send many ships abroad. Therefore, he was considered a rich man and a prudent politician. Namely, he supplied all of Russia, including the sovereign's table, with fish. Since the wealth was enormous, Rybin was not only engaged in trade, but also state affairs. Many schools, hospitals and monasteries were built with his money. Therefore, for these merits, the sovereign granted him a surname, which was very valuable at that time. Since surnames could only be of a noble family. It turns out that, along with the surname, he granted him a position in society;
- surname analysis, of foreign origin. Since Rus' had endless wars, it attacked itself, then fought off opponents. For so many centuries in Russia they began to come across and foreign surnames. Moreover, now the borders are ajar and marriages can also take place between people who have different citizenship. In order to conduct such an analysis of the surname, information is needed that the surname may have foreign roots. For example, the family lived in a place where for several years people of other nationalities were exported - Volga Germans or Poles. Namely, then you can see if there was a marriage between the people who lived there and who were taken out by force.
How many names, so many methods. If there are several basic analytical methods and they are perceived as the main ones, then how many nuances and exceptions to the rules when a specific surname, a specific family is considered. Entire institutions have been created that study the characteristics of the family and surname in particular. Therefore, to apply this analysis for your last name, you still need to learn a lot. This will take both time and money. Because doing research on your own is a rather laborious process that requires, in addition to everything, perseverance and fortitude. But many who want to know about their last name get out of the situation - they simply hire the services of a company that will do all the work for them. Moreover, you can agree from which period you want to analyze your last name and find out the history of the family. A contract is signed, terms and money are discussed. After the agreed time, a detailed conclusion will fall on your table. So without much hassle and worries, you can find out and analyze your last name. Therefore, the decision is yours. You will seek out information yourself, by trial and error, or entrust it to specialists.

Long text, but really hooked ...

As a child, my grandmother liked to repeat one phrase to me: “Remember, granddaughter, gold and jewelry that are kept in the family can only be sold in case of emergency. And no exchange for rags or fashionable things - this is excluded!

Having survived two world wars and one world revolution, my grandmother knew everything about the properties of jewelry! She clearly remembered how in the mid-twenties she and her mother went to a store that looked like a large warehouse, where for a luxurious pearl necklace they were given a bottle of vegetable oil, a small bag of flour, a bag of pearl barley and several bars of laundry soap. The warehouse belonged to the American businessman Armand Hammer, who briskly bartered priceless art, antiques, furs and unique jewelry from the hungry inhabitants of the devastated country for a minimum set of food. This clever overseas "benefactor" became an honorary doctor of 25 universities during his lifetime and passed away with the French Order of the Legion of Honor on his chest.

At the beginning of the last century, when the Japanese had not yet learned how to grow pearls artificially, and half-naked fishermen had to dive to a fair depth for each precious grain, such jewelry cost a fortune. But in that terrible winter, great-grandmother's necklace helped save the whole family from starvation.

“Decorations can not only be exchanged for bread. In a critical situation, you can buy your life!” my grandmother taught me. In support of her words, she told a story that happened before her eyes in the post-war years.

Grandma had close girlfriend Lily. She lived modestly in a tiny apartment in Moldavanka with her father and half-blind sister Polina, whom everyone called Aunt Polya. Ah, those lovely Moldavian courtyards described in such detail by Babel and sung by Paustovsky! Imagine a small two-storey house the letter "P" from honey-yellow sawn shells, with a roof of dark red "Marseilles" tiles and openwork forged gates, which were closed at night with a huge barn bolt. Along the entire inner perimeter of the second floor there was a spacious wooden gallery, densely entwined with grapes, where not only the windows, but also the doors of all the apartments looked out. We got there by an old cast-iron staircase, so musically resonant that it was almost impossible to silently climb up.

In the summer, the whole life of the house focused on this gallery and in the courtyard. stuffy summer nights tenants amicably left their rooms to sleep on wadded mattresses in the gallery or on creaky, rusty cots in the middle of the yard. During the day, the housewives put up roughly knocked together stools on the gallery. Copper stoves hissed there from morning until late at night. It was not customary to cook borscht, fish soup or fry gobies “indoors” in the summer!

In a word, not a yard, but a huge communal apartment, where all the inhabitants are unwitting witnesses of the most intimate details the lives of neighbors.

In the depths of the courtyard there were extensive cellars - "mines" dug back in those days. legendary times when smugglers hid there barrels of Italian wine and Greek olive oil, bales of Turkish tobacco and French lace. Bandits, home-grown revolutionaries and anarchists set up warehouses with weapons and ammunition in the cellars. A complex system of passages and tunnels connected the "mines" with the city's catacombs. Knowing their location, one could easily get to the sea coast or go far beyond the city into the deserted steppe.

It was in such a Moldovan courtyard that Lilya was born and grew up.

She successfully graduated from medical school and went to work in one of the city hospitals. At the very beginning of the war, a young nurse was transferred to work in a military hospital. When the Germans began to bomb the city, and it was possible to get to the trenches on the defense line by tram, Lily, together with her medical colleagues, took the seriously wounded soldiers to the port for days. From there, the ships left for the Crimea and Novorossiysk.

Lily herself was not going to leave. She was afraid to leave the helpless Polina and her father-artist who was drinking too much. This was the official version of her refusal to evacuate to the east along with the retreating army. But there was another serious reason why Lilya stayed in the city. But only a few people knew about it.

Literally from the first days of the occupation, an underground headquarters of anti-fascist resistance began to operate in Odessa. Lily returned to work at the hospital as if nothing had happened. Polina, to the best of her ability, took up housework, and her father suddenly stopped drinking and plunged headlong into creativity. He painted good copies from canvases famous artists, like Kuindzhi “Daryal Gorge. Moonlight night" or "Big Water" by Levitan. The Romanians willingly exchanged his paintings for canned meat from soldiers' rations and kerosene stolen from German warehouses.

Lilya remembered that cold October day in 1941 for the rest of her life. The occupiers drove through the city a long column of people, gray with fear, half-dressed. Women, old people, children walked in silence. The silence was broken only by the ominous shuffling of thousands of feet and the rattling of weapons of the Romanian escorts who accompanied the column. The inhabitants of the houses, past which this silent human river flowed, looked with horror at the endless stream of people doomed to death. The Jews were taken outside the city, where they were shot and thrown into anti-tank ditches dug in the middle of summer during the defense of the city. Many were herded into sheds, doused with kerosene and burned alive.

Together with two neighbors, Lilya stood on the side of the road, unable to turn around and leave. Suddenly, in this mournful crowd of people, she noticed a young red-haired woman with a girl about seven years old. There was such wild despair on the face of the unfortunate mother that Lily shuddered with pity and her own impotence. Suddenly, the old man walking in front stumbled and fell. The movement of the column stopped. The guards immediately jumped up to the old man. The soldiers started beating the poor man with rifle butts, forcing him to get up.

Everything happened in a matter of moments. The red-haired woman forcefully pushed the girl straight into Lila's arms and, without looking back, quickly walked forward. Lily instinctively pressed the trembling child to her, deftly covering it with the edge of a wide shawl. And both neighbors, without saying a word, took a step forward, blocking Lily and the baby with themselves.

With the greatest care, Lily brought the child home. Together with Polya, they decided to first buy the girl and change into clean clothes, because she was wearing miserable cast-offs. The Romanians took everything from those doomed to death, including clothes. And then the women were in for a surprise. A small leather pouch hung around the child's neck on a strong cord. Lily poured out the contents on the table - several massive gold rings, a heavy twisted watch chain, three gold royal coins and a six-pointed Star of David adorned with a scattering of small diamonds.

“The unfortunate mother paid you to save her child,” Aunt Polya said softly, and both women burst into tears.

Anyone who dared to hide the Jews was threatened with execution. To the credit of the neighbors, no one reported on Lily, although there were plenty of scoundrels in the city who regularly “knocked” on the Romanian siguranza. For the sake of the opportunity to occupy someone else's room, profit from property or avenge an old insult. The rescued girl remained in Lily's family. For everyone, she was the daughter of a cousin from Ackerman, who died during the bombing, about which there was a certificate skillfully made in an underground printing house. Everyone called the girl Rita, although her real name was Rachel.

“Remember, baby,” Lily repeated, “your name is Ri-i-ta! .. And I am your aunt Lily.

How to survive in an occupied city is the topic of a separate story. While working in the hospital, Lilya got food, medicines, civilian clothes and handed them over to the underground workers, hid a partisan liaison in the back of the courtyard and helped a surgeon known in the city to operate on wounded Soviet soldiers who were hidden in the catacombs.

And then came April 1944. Life in the city liberated from the Nazis began to gradually enter into a peaceful rut. Neighbors were returning from evacuation, wounded soldiers appeared on the streets of the city, who had come to sanatoriums for treatment, hastily restored the destroyed berths of the port. That year, the famous white acacia. Its intoxicating aroma turned the head, filled the city streets with a sincere festive mood.

Lily decided to wash the windows and wash the curtains on her day off. And Aunt Polya, along with Rita, settled in the gallery to peel potatoes for lunch. A disabled neighbor, leaning on a crutch, basked in the sun and leisurely played chess with himself.

Lily did not immediately notice the stocky young officer with a dusty knapsack on his shoulder. With a lost look, the military man entered the yard, looked around, sighed heavily ...

- Comrade Captain, are you looking for someone? the neighbor asked sympathetically. The officer did not have time to answer. A child's cry sounded throughout the yard:
- Dad!!!

Loudly tapping her bare heels on the cast-iron stairs, little Rita-Rahel rushed to the captain. The officer jerked the duffel bag to the ground and picked up the girl in his arms. They froze in the middle of the yard, tightly clasping each other with their arms, like climbers hovering over a bottomless abyss into which their pre-war, calm and happy life collapsed and disappeared forever.

The captain was fed fried potatoes, drank tea. Rita sat nearby, clutching the sleeve of her father's tunic, as if she was afraid that he might suddenly disappear.

– How did you find us? Polina asked without hiding her surprise.

The captain paused, pulled out a pack of cigarettes from his pocket, turned it over in his hands, put it back, coughed in embarrassment, covered his eyes with his hand, and finally answered:
- You may not believe it, but several times I dreamed about my wife ... She assured me that she managed to save our daughter. Frankly speaking, I didn’t hope… some kind of mysticism… Excuse me, I’ll go out… I’ll smoke…

The next day the captain returned to the front. His short vacation was coming to an end. Before leaving, he wrote down the address of his sister to Lilya, who lived in Vinnitsa before the war, but in the summer of 1941 managed to evacuate to Tashkent.

“Thank you for everything,” the captain said as he said goodbye. I don't even know if I can thank you.

In the autumn of 1945, her own aunt from Vinnitsa came for Rita. She brought sad news - the girl's father died at the end of May near Vienna. Lily tried to persuade the woman not to take Rita. But she said with tears in her eyes:
This child is all I have left. I promise you we will never forget your kindness.

Lily washed and carefully stroked Rita's little things, neatly folded everything into a bundle, and suddenly began to fuss.

- Wait! Take this one more.

She took out a leather bag, began to explain embarrassedly:
I had to sell one ring to buy firewood. Already a very cold winter stood out in the forty-second.
- No, no, what are you! Leave to yourself... You deserve it.

Lilin's father suddenly intervened in the women's dispute.

“Madame,” the old man said solemnly, “who do you have us for? Take your treasures. These are family heirlooms. Rita will soon become a bride. For a girl, this is the memory of her mother and a ready-made dowry.

Rita left, and Lily's life went on as usual.

Soon, a new lodger, Arkady Stepanovich, moved into the next empty room on the second floor, a respectable man of about forty, with a stripe for a wound and a wide order bar on a semi-military tunic. He brought with him two carts of serious property - an iron bed, a carved chest of drawers, a massive table, boxes of books and utensils, a trophy gramophone and a portrait of Stalin in a heavy carved frame. Curious neighbors found out that Arkady Stepanovich is single and works as a supply manager in one of the city's sanatoriums. The new tenant was charming, fit, willingly treated his neighbors with cigarettes, in the morning he smelled of Chypre cologne, and on Sundays he liked to sit in the gallery and read the latest newspaper. In a word, a positive character in all respects and an enviable groom. However, the new neighbor had one hobby that intrigued everyone.

Once, Aunt Polya, carefully going down the stairs, ran into Arkady Stepanovich, who was followed timidly by an unfamiliar young woman.

“Here, I met an old friend, invited me to tea,” explained Arkady Stepanovich, helping the woman to overcome the last step.

Closing the door behind him, Arkady Stepanovich turned on the gramophone. The old Moldavian courtyard was filled with the popular tango melody "Champagne Splashes".

Then a former classmate, colleague, childhood friend, second cousin from Kyiv came to visit him ... Three or four times a week, the neighbors received a free concert and rich food for gossip. Blondes, brunettes, mostly young women - Arkady Stepanovich had excellent taste! By the way, not a single woman came twice. From time to time, the inhabitants of the courtyard had serious discussions on the topic of morality. The indefatigable Arkady Stepanovich had fierce supporters who argued in his defense. After the war, young unmarried men were sorely lacking. For single women, such a fleeting "sanatorium romance" is the only way to get a tiny portion of female happiness.

At the very end of the summer, Arkady Stepanovich had a new passion. Simochka was from the breed of those women who attract the attention of absolutely all men, including infants and paralyzed elders. Long-legged, with an excellent figure, satin skin and a shock of tar curls, she received the nickname Carmen thanks to her sharp-tongued disabled neighbor. To everyone's surprise, Carmen came the next day. And then she started showing up regularly. She treated the kids in the yard with lollipops, and she took a special liking to Lily, giving her a French silk scarf and a bar of real chocolate from the Moscow factory named after Babaev.

On a warm Sunday morning, when all the inhabitants of the house were slowly doing household chores, Arkady Stepanovich, together with Simochka, went out to the gallery. His snow-white shirt and carefully pressed trousers attracted everyone's attention. Shining Sima in a new crepe de chine dress was irresistible.

- Attention, comrades! said Arkady Stepanovich loudly. “I want to make an important announcement in your presence!”

Here he knelt down like a hussar, took Carmen's narrow hand in his broad, strong palms, and solemnly announced:
- Dear Serafima Yurievna! I offer you my hand and heart. I love you and can't imagine my life without you...

Everyone shouted "Hurrah!" and applauded. Arkady Stepanovich pulled out a small box from his pocket and solemnly handed it to the bride, pink with embarrassment.

In the box was a luxurious brooch. A golden scarab beetle with a turquoise back held a ball of pale pink coral in its golden paws.

“A family heirloom,” explained Arkady Stepanovich, looking down. - The only memory of the deceased mother. The item is unique!

The neighbors groaned with admiration, and Simochka for some reason turned pale and, citing urgent business on the occasion of the upcoming wedding, soon left.

Arkady Stepanovich did not seem to notice the swift flight of his beloved. He was busy organizing a traditional bachelor party, with homemade wine, a hearty snack and, of course, dancing to the gramophone. The celebration lasted until late at night. And early in the morning they came to Arkady Stepanovich with a search.

Lilya and the disabled neighbor were invited as witnesses. On the same day, pale Lily ran to my grandmother. Sobbing and wiping her tears, Lily drank a glass of water with valerian in one gulp and began her story.

There were four of them - a tall man in civilian clothes, a local district police officer and two more policemen, one of whom remained in the gallery, blocking the front door.

- Yesterday, in the presence of witnesses, you presented this piece of jewelry to citizen Polyanskaya? the man in civilian clothes asked, pulling a scarab from his pocket.

Arkady Stepanovich, in silk pajamas, slightly swollen from yesterday's feast, calmly nodded his head.

- That's right. This family heirloom belonged to my late mother.
- What was her name?
- Pelageya Vasilievna ... I don’t understand why these strange questions?

The man turned the beetle in his hands, deftly prying something with his finger. With a soft click, the greenish-blue back of the scarab opened like two tiny petals.

“Rebecca is written here,” a man in civilian clothes said mockingly and showed the inscription to witnesses.
- Well, yes ... That was the name of my mother's friend, who gave her this gift, - Arkady Stepanovich was found without batting an eyelid.
- Start searching! the command followed.

Lily turned to the window. It was excruciatingly embarrassing for her to watch how the drawers of the chest of drawers were turned inside out, rummaged through suitcases, knocked on window sills and carefully studied the painted brown paint floor. Arkady Stepanovich sat on a chair under a portrait of Stalin and calmly watched what was happening.

"Get up and go to the corner!" - suddenly commanded him a man in civilian clothes.

Only then did Lilya notice that drops of sweat appeared on the temples of the outwardly calm neighbor. The district police officer carefully removed the portrait, and a man in civilian clothes went up to the wall and began to stare at the wallpaper.

“They found a hiding place behind the portrait in the wall. Seventeen bags were hidden in it, about a kilogram of gold! Lily whispered and began to cry again. - Seventeen! Exactly so many kids ruined this bastard.

Later, the district police officer said that people like Arkady specifically hunted for children with pouches around their necks. They took away the gold, and the child was pushed back into the column or brought to the siguranza the next morning. Last winter, right on Arkady Street, a woman identified him, but he managed to extricate himself. He realized that he urgently needed to leave the city. However, it was impossible to get a legal residence permit in another place at that time. And then this scoundrel came up with a simple, like all ingenious, plan. I decided to urgently find a wife. Moreover, a woman from a respected family, with connections and a special status.

Sima Polyanskaya, the daughter of a Moscow professor, seemed like the perfect candidate. Arkady could not know one thing. Her grandfather was a well-known Odessa jeweler before the revolution, who made a special talisman gift for each daughter, and he had five of them, on the age of majority. The scarab beetle went to Rebecca, the youngest, who studied history and dreamed of becoming an Egyptologist.

Every summer, Sima specially came to Odessa. The family really hoped that at least one of the Odessa relatives managed to escape ...

- And if this bastard gave Sima a banal chain? I would calmly leave, get lost in the capital, - my grandmother shook her head.
- Yes, but the desire to impress the bride played a cruel joke with Arkady. By the way, we never found out his real name. Everything was fake with him - both awards and a stripe for being wounded ...

In the late sixties, after the death of her father and aunt Paula, Lilya was left all alone. And then Rita appeared in the old courtyard on Moldavanka, which life brought to distant Novosibirsk.

- Aunt Lily, get ready! – resolutely declared young woman. - You will live with us. I can't bear to think that you're sitting here within four walls. You don't even have a phone! I'm not talking about hot water at all.
- Rita! Lily shook her head doubtfully. I don't want to be a burden to you in your old age.

Rita had tears in her eyes.

- Auntie, dear, I have no one closer than you! That's what I told the children - wait, I'll bring your Odessa grandmother soon.

Before leaving, Lilya brought us a gift - a copy of Kuindzhi's painting “Daryal Gorge. Moonlight night".

- I understand that the picture is of no value. Just look at her and sometimes think of me.

Now "Moonlight Night" hangs over my desktop. Some time ago, I discovered that the surface of the painting began to curve in a strange way. I had to drag her to a familiar artist-restorer.

To my surprise, Tolik called the same evening and excitedly yelled into the phone:
- Listen, friend. Sell ​​me Kuindzhi! For any money!
- How is it? I got worried.
- Same unique picture! I have never seen such a thing! Imagine, it was written not on canvas, but on a piece of medical gauze, on which Odessa newspapers from the time of the German occupation were glued with flour paste. For big money I will show it.
- I can not! I answered firmly.
- Why?
“It's a family heirloom.

Galina KOROTKOVA,
Odessa, Ukraine