General provisions of criminal liability of persons presentation. Minors and the law

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Presentation slides

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CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MINORS

Chuprov L.A. MKOU secondary school No. 3 village. Kamen-Rybolov, Khankaisky district, Primorsky Krai

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General provisions relating to criminal liability and punishment of minors.

System and types of punishments applied to minors.

Compulsory educational measures applied to minors.

Release of minors from punishment

Limitation periods and expiration periods for criminal records

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The following persons are considered minors:

from 14 to 18 years old

For the first time, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation includes a chapter on the peculiarities of criminal liability and punishment of minors (Chapter 14).

Article 87. Criminal liability of minors.

Minors are persons who were fourteen at the time of committing the crime, but not eighteen.

2. Minors who have committed crimes may be sentenced or forced educational measures may be applied to them.

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apply compulsory educational measures

When convicting minors, the court has the right to make one of two possible decisions:

impose punishment

In exceptional cases, taking into account the nature of the crime committed and the identity of the perpetrator, the court may apply provisions providing for certain benefits for minors

Such exceptional cases may include:

features of the mental and mental development of a young person

living conditions and education

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the death penalty

2. The system of punishments applied to minors includes the following types:

deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities

compulsory work, correctional labor

imprisonment for a fixed period

The following cannot be applied to minors:

life imprisonment.

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In addition, minors cannot be given the following punishments:

deprivation of the right to hold certain positions

deprivation of a special, military or honorary title, class rank and state awards

restriction on military service, detention in a disciplinary military unit,

Confiscation of property and restriction of freedom are also not imposed on a minor.

For minors, a special procedure has been established for the appointment and execution of sentences.

the court takes into account the conditions of his life and upbringing

level of mental development, other personality traits of a teenager

also the influence of older people on him

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The same type of punishment is applied differently to juvenile and adult convicts. For minors:

independent income or property

Limited by:

Minimum 10 minimum wage Maximum 500

assigned in the amount of wages or other income of the minor for a period from two weeks to six months

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The term of imprisonment cannot exceed ten years

Male minors (boys) sentenced to imprisonment for the first time serve such a sentence in general regime educational colonies.

The same teenagers who have already served imprisonment should be sent to high-security educational colonies

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A minor who has committed a crime of minor or moderate gravity for the first time may be released by the court from criminal liability by applying compulsory educational measures to him.

Educational measures:

warning

transfer under the supervision of parents or persons replacing them

imposing an obligation to make amends for the harm caused

restriction of leisure

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a minor may be released by the court from punishment and placed in a specialized educational or treatment institution for minors if convicted of a crime of average gravity,

The period of stay in such an institution cannot exceed the maximum sentence provided for the crime committed by the teenager.

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A conviction for a crime of minor or medium gravity is expunged after one year after serving the imprisonment

Statute of limitations:

half of the legal limit for adults

Expiration date for criminal records:

A conviction for a serious or especially serious crime is expunged after three years after serving the imprisonment.

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CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MINORS

THE CONCEPT OF A CRIME According to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, a crime is a consciously committed socially dangerous act prohibited by the code under threat of punishment

Crimes are divided into: Minor gravity (up to 2 years of imprisonment; Moderate gravity (up to 5 years of imprisonment); Grave (up to 10 years of imprisonment); Particularly grave (more than 10 years of imprisonment or more more strict)

The Criminal Code establishes the age at which a minor may be subject to criminal liability - 16 years

In some cases, when a serious crime has been committed, the social danger of which can be realized at an earlier age, persons who have reached the age of 14 at the time of the crime are subject to criminal liability.

Persons who have reached the age of fourteen at the time of committing a crime are subject to criminal liability for murder, intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm, intentional infliction of moderate harm to health, kidnapping, rape, sexual assault, theft, robbery, robbery, extortion, unlawful taking of a car or other vehicle without the purpose of theft, intentional destruction or damage to property and others.

The Criminal Code (Article 88) provides for the following types of punishments imposed on minors:

FINE in the amount of 10 to 500 minimum wage

Deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities

Compulsory work (assigned for a period of 40 to 160 hours; they consist of performing work feasible for a minor, and are performed in free time from main work or study)

Correctional labor (they are prescribed for a period of up to one year)

ARREST (it can only be imposed from the age of sixteen for a period of one to four months)

IMPRISONMENT FOR A SPECIFIC PERIOD (not more than ten years)

Compulsory educational measures: warning; transfer under the supervision of parents or persons replacing them, or a specialized government body; imposing an obligation to make amends for the harm caused; restricting leisure time and establishing special requirements for the behavior of a minor.

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Lesson plan.

2. Stages of committing crimes.

3. Complicity in a crime.

4. Circumstances excluding the criminality of the act.

5.Recidivism of crimes.

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1. The concept of criminal liability.

Criminal liability

Provided for by a criminal law norm and applied to a person by a court guilty verdict that has entered into force

Compulsory influence for a crime committed.

Basis of criminal liability

Committing an act containing all the elements of a crime (Article 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Corpus delicti

A set of objective and subjective characteristics described in a criminal law norm that are necessary and sufficient to recognize the committed act as a specific crime. Includes: Object, Objective side, Subject, Subjective side

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Object of the crime

Protected by criminal law - social relations that are encroached upon

crime

Objective side

The external side of the crime expressed in a socially dangerous act, consequences and cause-and-effect relationship between the act and the consequences.

Subject of the crime

A person who has committed a crime is a sane individual who, at the time of committing the crime, has reached the age at which criminal liability begins

Criminal liability begins - as a general rule - from the age of 16, for a number of crimes - from the age of 14

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Premeditated murder (Article 105),

Intentional infliction of grievous harm or moderate harm to health (Articles 111, 112),

Kidnapping (Article 126),

Rape (Articles 131, 132)

Theft (Article 156), robbery (Article 161), robbery (Article 162),

Extortion (Article 163),

Wrongful taking of a vehicle without the purpose of theft (Article 166),

Intentional destruction or damage to property when

aggravating circumstances (Article 167),

Terrorism (Article 205), hostage taking (Article 206), knowingly false

message about an act of terrorism (Article 207),

Hooliganism under aggravating circumstances (Article 213),

Theft or extortion of narcotic or psychotropic drugs (Article 229), etc.

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Sanity

A person who, at the time of committing a socially dangerous act, was aware of the actual nature of his act, the public nature of his social danger, is recognized as sane.

and directed him.

Criteria for sanity Legal (psychological)

Medical (biological)

Characterized by 2 features:

Intellectual (inability to understand the nature of one’s actions,

Strong-willed (inability to direct one’s actions)

Chronic mental illness, temporary mental disorder, dementia, other painful mental state, pathological intoxication

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Subjective side

The mental attitude of the perpetrator to the socially dangerous act he commits

The conscious, volitional attitude of the subject to the socially dangerous act he commits and its consequences, expressed in the form of intent, or through negligence.

forms of guilt:

Direct, indirect intent, negligence in the form of frivolity or negligence

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Motive of the crime

Internal motivations determined by certain needs and interests,

which cause a person’s determination to commit a crime and by which he was guided when committing it.

Purpose of the crime

A socially dangerous result that a person strives to achieve when committing a crime

The motive and purpose may in some cases be indicated as a disposition of the article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code (Article 105 - murder for the purpose of concealing another crime), (Article 162 - robbery for the purpose of stealing property)

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2. Stages of committing a crime.

Preparing for a crime

Attempted crime

Completed crime

Preparation for a crime is recognized as:

Manufacturing means or instruments for committing crimes, finding accomplices, conspiracy to commit a crime, adapting means or instruments, deliberately creating conditions for the commission of a crime.

Criminal liability arises only for preparation for a serious or especially serious crime.

An attempted crime is the intentional actions (inaction) of a person aimed at committing a crime, if it was not completed due to circumstances beyond the person’s control.

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Types of assassination attempt

Unfinished - the person has not yet done everything he wanted,

Completed - a person has accomplished everything he set out to do, but the expected result did not occur due to circumstances beyond the control of this person,

Unsuitable - an attempt in which the criminal result did not occur due to a factual error

A crime is considered completed if the committed act contains all the elements of a crime provided for by law.

The Criminal Code provides for the possibility of releasing from criminal liability persons who voluntarily refuse to complete the crime.

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Voluntary refusal

An independent decision by a person to unconditionally, completely refuse to complete a planned and begun crime.

Possible at the stages of: preparation for a crime, unfinished attempt, completed attempt, if there is a time gap between the act and its consequences and there is a possibility of breaking the cause-and-effect relationship.

Along with the perpetrator who voluntarily renounced the crime, the organizer, instigator and accomplice of this crime (if they contributed to not bringing the crime to completion) are not subject to criminal liability.

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3. Complicity in a crime.

Complicity in crime

Intentional joint participation of two or more persons in the commission of an intentional crime

Art. 32 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

organized group

criminal community

A stable group of people who have united in advance to commit one or more crimes

A group of people, previously organized into a stable hierarchical structure for co-

committing crimes

Signs of an organized group

Presence of two or more persons, stability, association to commit crimes, lack of hierarchical structure

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Optional characteristics of an organized group

Armament, the presence of corrupt connections, focus on certain types of crimes, recognition of thieves' traditions, discipline.

Signs of a criminal community

At least five people, or at least two groups, association for the systematic commission of serious crimes, stability, cohesion, the presence of a hierarchical structure, maintaining criminal traditions

Optional signs of a criminal community

Armament, presence of corrupt connections, tough

Discipline, monopolization of criminal activity, desire to expand criminal activity, laundering of criminal proceeds, strict distribution of roles.

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Types of complicity

Organizer

A person who organized the commission of a crime and supervised its execution, or who created an organized group or criminal community or supervised them.

Instigator

A person who persuaded another person to commit a crime by threat, persuasion, blackmail, violence

Executor

A person directly involved in the commission of a crime

Accomplice

A person who contributed to the commission of a crime and the concealment of the criminal, traces of the crime or objects obtained by criminal means.

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Liability for complicity

The responsibility of accomplices is determined by the nature and degree of actual participation in the crime.

Co-executors are responsible for one article.

Involvement in crime

An act related to the commission of a crime by another person, but not directly and culpably causing its commission.

harboring

connivance

Concealment of the person who committed the crime, weapons, traces of the crime and items obtained by criminal means, not promised in advance.

Punishment - for a period of no more than 2 years.

Failure to interfere with the commission of a crime by a person who, by virtue of official duty or the law, must and could do so. (i.e. applies to officials)

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4. Circumstances excluding the criminality of the act.

1. Necessary defense

A condition of a person that arises when protecting the personality and rights of the person defending himself or other persons, the interests of society and the state protected by law from a socially dangerous attack, unless the limits of necessary defense are exceeded. The necessary defense must correspond to the degree of danger.

2. Causing harm during the detention of a person who has committed a crime

Lawful infliction of harm on a person who has committed a crime during his detention to bring him to the authorities and suppress the possibility of him committing new crimes.

(a person evades arrest, harm is caused at the time of arrest and within the framework of the law)

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3.Urgent necessity

Causing harm to eliminate a danger that directly threatens the personality and rights of a given person or other interests of society and the state protected by law. (Harm

must be less significant than preventable.)

Achieving a socially useful goal associated with forced harm to legally protected interests

4. Reasonable risk.

5. Execution of an order or instruction

Causing harm to legally protected interests in execution of orders and instructions that are binding on a person (Legality of the order, the order is not perceived as illegal)

Physical or mental impact on a person, depriving him of the ability to control his actions.

5.Physical or mental coercion

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5.Recidivism of crimes.

Committing a crime by a person who has a criminal record for a previously committed intentional crime.

Types of relapse:

1. General relapse

The commission of any crime by a previously convicted person whose criminal record has not been removed or expunged.

2.Special relapse

Commitment of a similar crime by a previously convicted person, whose criminal record has not been expunged or expunged.

3. Simple relapse

Committing a crime by a person who has been previously convicted once.

4. Complex relapse

Committing a crime by a person who has two or more convictions.

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5.Penitentiary relapse

Commitment of any crime by a person serving a sentence of imprisonment

6. Particularly dangerous relapse

DANGEROUS RECIDENT –

a) the commission of a crime by a convicted person twice.

b) commission of an intentional serious crime by a person,

previously convicted of committing an intentional serious crime

Varieties:

ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS RECIDENT –

a) the commission of a crime by a convicted person three times.

b) the commission of a crime by a person previously convicted of committing an intentional serious crime twice.

c) commission of a crime by a person previously convicted of an intentional grave or especially grave crime

Expunged, expunged, and convictions committed before the age of 18 are not taken into account.

View all slides

The concept of minors. Age of criminal responsibility.

• Minors are persons

from 14 to 18 years old

• Criminal liability comes in full from the age of 16.
• But There are crimes for which you can be held accountable from the age of 14. By this age, a teenager should be aware of the nature of the actions being performed.

• Minors (under 14 years of age) do not bear criminal liability. At this age, the child does not realize the consequences of his actions.

• Sometimes (if the court deems it necessary) the same sanctions are applied to people from 18 to 20 years old as to teenagers from 14 to 18 years old.
• In many cases, age is determined individually, based on many factors. The legislator takes into account the severity of the crime.

Criminal liability from the age of 14 begins for:

• murder(Article 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm(Article 111 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• kidnapping

(Article 126 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

• Rape

(Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

• sexual assault

(Article 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

• theft(Article 158 UKRF)
• robbery(Article 161 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• robbery(Article 162 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• extortion

(Article 163 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Criminal liability from the age of 14 comes for:

• terrorism(Article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• hostage taking(Article 206 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• knowingly false report of an act of terrorism(Article 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• aggravated disorderly conduct(Article 213, Part 2.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• vandalism(Article 214 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Criminal liability from the age of 14 comes for:

• theft or extortion of weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices(Article 226 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• theft or extortion of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances(Article 229 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• rendering vehicles or means of communication unusable(Article 267 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Criminal liability from the age of 14 comes for:

• unlawful taking of a car or other means of transport without the purpose of theft(Article 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• intentional destruction or damage to property under aggravating circumstances(Article 167 Part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Features of criminal liability of minors .

• Minors found guilty of committing crimes are subject to two types of criminal law: sentencing or educational measures.

• Forensic psychological and psychiatric examination is used.
• If a teenager is declared insane, he will not incur criminal liability. In this option, the court orders compulsory medical measures.
• To minors

Life imprisonment and the death penalty are not applied.

Types of punishment for minors .

• Fine(appointed only if the convicted minor has independent income or property that can be foreclosed on).
• Deprivation of rights engage in certain activities
• Mandatory work(assigned for a period of 40 to 160 hours, consists of performing work feasible for a minor, and is performed by him in his free time from study or main work).
• Arrest(appointed to juvenile convicts who have reached 16 years of age at the time of the court’s sentencing, for a period of one to four months).
• Correctional work(appointed to juvenile convicts for up to one year).
• Imprisonment of a minor (for up to 10 years). The punishment is served in educational colonies of general regime and enhanced security.

Compulsory educational measures:

• warning;
• transfer under the supervision of parents or persons replacing them, or a specialized government body;
• imposing an obligation to make amends for the harm caused;
• restricting leisure time and establishing special requirements for the behavior of a minor(for example, prohibiting visiting certain places, limiting being outside the home after a certain time of day).
• Compulsory educational measures differ from punishment those that do not entail a criminal record. They are appointed, first of all, for the purpose of correcting minors, and if this does not happen, then the materials are sent to the court.

• The court may release the minor from punishment, but at the same time place him in a special educational institution - a special school or a closed special school.

Closed special school in Surgut

Protection of minors

• For the trial, the court may appoint lawyer who will represent the interests of the child and act for his benefit.
• If desired, a minor has the right to personally appear in court and exercise his procedural rights. This rule applies subject to the emancipation of the minor, and from the time of his marriage.
• Interests of persons who have not achieved

14 years old, represented in court by parents, guardians or adoptive parents. Legal representatives can delegate these rights to another person.

Prevention of crimes committed by minors.

• Over the past five years, criminal statistics indicate an annual increase of 2-3% in juvenile juvenile crime. In 2015, the number of juvenile repeat offenders exceeded 20 thousand people. However, the number of children who committed crimes after being registered with the police department, on the contrary, tends to decrease.

Crime prevention measures used in the early stages:

• identification of dysfunctional upbringing and poor living conditions of the child;
• identifying and eliminating sources of negative impact on adolescents,
• corrective and restraining influence on a minor with socially dangerous behavior.

Prevention of relapse of offenses committed by minors .

• If a child has previously committed an offense and is registered with the juvenile affairs authorities, then special preventive measures can and should be applied to him to prevent relapse.

This level of preventive measures includes:

• correction and re-education of a minor who has previously committed a violation of the law;
• eliminating sources of negative influence on the teenage offender.
• The Ministry of Internal Affairs proposes to solve the problem of the growth of juvenile crime by more fully using the preventive capabilities of the police resource base - for example, by placing a suspected or accused minor not in a pre-trial detention center, but in temporary detention center for minors offenders. In such centers, children will not interact with adult criminals and fall under their influence.

If poverty is the mother of crime, then stupidity is their father. Jean de La Bruyère

Only the weak commit crimes, the strong and happy do not need them

F. Voltaire

It is much better to prevent crimes than to punish them. Catherine II

Responsibility of minors in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Article 87. Criminal liability of minors 1. Persons who at the time of committing a crime were fourteen years old but under eighteen years old are recognized as minors.2. Compulsory educational measures may be applied to minors who have committed crimes or they may be sentenced, and if released from punishment by the court, they may also be placed in a special closed educational institution of the educational management body. (Part two as amended by the Federal Law No. 162-FZ) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Article 87. Criminal liability of minors 1. Persons who at the time of committing a crime were fourteen years old but under eighteen years old are considered minors.2. Compulsory educational measures may be applied to minors who have committed crimes or they may be sentenced, and if released from punishment by the court, they may also be placed in a special closed educational institution of the educational management body. (Part two as amended by the Federal Law No. 162-FZ)

Article 88. Types of punishments imposed on minors - fine; deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities; compulsory educational measures; compulsory educational measures; compulsory work; correctional work; arrest; imprisonment for a certain period.

Fine A fine is imposed both if the convicted minor has independent income or property that can be levied on, or if there is none. A fine imposed on a convicted minor may, by a court decision, be collected from his parents or other legal representatives with their consent. A fine is imposed in the amount of one thousand to fifty thousand rubles or in the amount of wages or other income of a convicted minor for a period of two weeks to six months. (Part two as amended by Federal Law No. 162-FZ) The fine is imposed as if a convicted minor's independent earnings or property on which execution may be levied, and in the absence of such. A fine imposed on a convicted minor may, by a court decision, be collected from his parents or other legal representatives with their consent. A fine is imposed in the amount of one thousand to fifty thousand rubles or in the amount of wages or other income of a convicted minor for a period of two weeks to six months. (Part two as amended by Federal Law No. 162-FZ)

Deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities and compulsory educational measures. Restrictions on leisure may include a ban on visiting certain places and the use of certain forms of leisure. Since compulsory educational measures are not divided into basic and additional, a minor may be simultaneously assigned several educational measures. In case of systematic failure of minors to comply with a compulsory educational measure, this measure, upon the proposal of a specialized government body, is canceled, and the materials are sent to bring the minor to criminal responsibility. Restrictions on leisure may include a ban on visiting certain places and the use of certain forms of leisure. Since compulsory educational measures are not divided into basic and additional, a minor may be simultaneously assigned several educational measures. In case of systematic failure of minors to comply with a compulsory educational measure, this measure, upon the proposal of a specialized government body, is canceled, and the materials are sent to bring the minor to criminal responsibility.

Compulsory and corrective labor 1) Compulsory labor is assigned for a period of from forty to one hundred and sixty hours, consists of performing work that is feasible for a minor, and is performed by him in his free time from study or main work. The duration of execution of this type of punishment by persons under the age of fifteen years cannot exceed two hours a day, and by persons aged from fifteen to sixteen years - three hours a day. 2) Correctional labor is assigned to convicted minors for a period of up to one year.

Arrest and imprisonment 1) Arrest is imposed on a juvenile convict who has reached sixteen years of age at the time of the court's sentencing, for a period of one to four months. 2) Punishment in the form of imprisonment is imposed on a juvenile convict who has committed crimes under the age of sixteen, for a period of not over six years. For the same category of minors who have committed particularly serious crimes, as well as for other convicted minors, punishment is imposed for a term of not more than ten years and is served in educational colonies. Punishment in the form of imprisonment cannot be imposed on a convicted minor who committed a crime of minor or medium gravity for the first time at the age of sixteen, as well as other juvenile convicts who committed crimes of minor gravity for the first time. (Part six as amended by Federal Law No. 162-FZ) 1) Arrest is imposed on a juvenile convicted person who has reached the age of sixteen at the time the court pronounces the verdict, for a period of one to four months. 2) Punishment in the form of imprisonment is imposed on a juvenile convicted person who has committed crimes under the age of sixteen, for a term not exceeding six years. For the same category of minors who have committed particularly serious crimes, as well as for other convicted minors, punishment is imposed for a term of not more than ten years and is served in educational colonies. Punishment in the form of imprisonment cannot be imposed on a convicted minor who committed a crime of minor or medium gravity for the first time at the age of sixteen, as well as other juvenile convicts who committed crimes of minor gravity for the first time. (Part six as amended by Federal Law No. 162-FZ)

Application of compulsory educational measures 1. A minor who has committed a crime of minor or moderate gravity may be released from criminal liability if it is recognized that his correction can be achieved through the use of compulsory educational measures.2. The following compulsory measures of educational influence may be assigned to a minor: a) warning; b) transfer to the supervision of parents or persons replacing them, or a specialized government body; c) imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused; d) restriction of leisure time and the establishment of special requirements for the behavior of a minor .3. A minor may be simultaneously assigned several compulsory educational measures. The period for applying compulsory educational measures provided for in paragraphs "b" and "d" of part two of this article is set at a duration of from one month to two years when committing a crime of minor gravity and from six months to three years - when committing a crime of average gravity.4. In case of systematic failure of a minor to comply with a compulsory educational measure, this measure, upon the proposal of a specialized government body, is canceled and the materials are sent to bring the minor to criminal responsibility. 1. A minor who has committed a crime of minor or moderate gravity may be released from criminal liability if it is recognized that his correction can be achieved through the use of compulsory educational measures.2. The following compulsory measures of educational influence may be assigned to a minor: a) warning; b) transfer to the supervision of parents or persons replacing them, or a specialized government body; c) imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused; d) restriction of leisure time and the establishment of special requirements for the behavior of a minor .3. A minor may be simultaneously assigned several compulsory educational measures. The period for applying compulsory educational measures provided for in paragraphs "b" and "d" of part two of this article is set at a duration of from one month to two years when committing a crime of minor gravity and from six months to three years - when committing a crime of average gravity.4. In case of systematic failure of a minor to comply with a compulsory educational measure, this measure, upon the proposal of a specialized government body, is canceled and the materials are sent to bring the minor to criminal responsibility.

Article 89 on imposing a punishment on a minor 1. When imposing a punishment on a minor, in addition to the circumstances provided for in Article 60 of this Code, the conditions of his life and upbringing, the level of mental development, other personality characteristics, as well as the influence of older persons on him are taken into account. Minor age as a mitigating circumstance is taken into account in conjunction with other mitigating and aggravating circumstances. 1. When imposing a punishment on a minor, in addition to the circumstances provided for in Article 60 of this Code, the conditions of his life and upbringing, the level of mental development, other personality characteristics, as well as the influence of older persons on him are taken into account. Minor age as a mitigating circumstance is taken into account in conjunction with other mitigating and aggravating circumstances.

If you broke the law, answer! Persons who have reached the age of fourteen at the time of committing a crime are subject to criminal liability for murder (Article 105), intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm (Article 111), intentional infliction of moderate harm to health (Article 112), kidnapping (Article 126), rape ( Article 131), violent acts of a sexual nature (Article 132), theft (Article 158), robbery (Article 161), robbery (Article 162), extortion (Article 163), unlawful taking of a car or other vehicle without the purpose of theft (Article 166 ), intentional destruction or damage to property under aggravating circumstances (part two of Article 167), terrorism (Article 205), hostage taking (Article 206), knowingly false reporting of an act of terrorism (Article 207), hooliganism under aggravating circumstances (part two of Article 213 ), vandalism (Article 214), theft or extortion of weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices (Article 226), theft or extortion of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances (Article 229), rendering vehicles or means of communication unusable (Article 267) . Persons who have reached the age of fourteen at the time of committing a crime are subject to criminal liability for murder (Article 105), intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm (Article 111), intentional infliction of moderate harm to health (Article 112), kidnapping (Article 126), rape ( Article 131), violent acts of a sexual nature (Article 132), theft (Article 158), robbery (Article 161), robbery (Article 162), extortion (Article 163), unlawful taking of a car or other vehicle without the purpose of theft (Article 166 ), intentional destruction or damage to property under aggravating circumstances (part two of Article 167), terrorism (Article 205), hostage taking (Article 206), knowingly false reporting of an act of terrorism (Article 207), hooliganism under aggravating circumstances (part two of Article 213 ), vandalism (Article 214), theft or extortion of weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices (Article 226), theft or extortion of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances (Article 229), rendering vehicles or means of communication unusable (Article 267) .