Kataev Mikhail Yurievich, professor, doctor of technical sciences.

-) - Russian historian; father of the writer Ivan Kataev, paternal uncle of the mathematician A. N. Kolmogorov.

Biography

The son of a village priest. He graduated from the Vyatka Theological Seminary, then from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University ().

Then he worked in the Middle Volga ( - gg.), Kuibyshev ( - gg.) Pedagogical Institutes.

He headed the department of history at the Magnitogorsk Pedagogical Institute (August - April), and was the dean of the history department of Moscow State Pedagogical University.

Scientific works of I. M. Kataev

Author of works on archeography, history of Moscow, archival studies, methods of teaching history.

Research on the history of Moscow

  • “Tushino” (M., 1913);
  • "Fire of Moscow 1812" (M., 1912);
  • "Moscow in the 18th century." (M., 1915)

Essays on Russian history

  • “Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and his time”;
  • "Daniil Romanovich Galitsky";
  • "Bohdan Khmelnytsky";
  • "Emperor Alexander I" (1901-1914).

Other works of Kataev

  • “Description of the acts of the meeting of Count A. S. Uvarov” (M., 1905),
  • “Review of handwritten monuments on the history of Sloboda Ukraine, stored in the military-scientific archive of the General Staff in St. Petersburg” (Kharkov, 1902),
  • “Description of documents of the Moscow archive of the Ministry of Justice” (M., 1905-1917, vols. XVI-XX),
  • “Archives of the Kuibyshev region” (Kuibyshev, 193 6))

Bibliography

  • Autobiography of Professor I.M. Kataev // Archive Department of the Administration of Magnitogorsk (AOAM), f. 132, op. 3.
  • Vendrovskaya R. B. School reform of 1915-1916. and teaching history // Teaching history in school. - 1995. - No. 4. - P.22-26.
  • Kataev I.M. Newest trends in teaching history in middle and senior classes of secondary school // Issues. teaching history in secondary and primary schools. - M., 1917. - Sat.2.
  • Kataev I.M. The latest trends in teaching history in middle and senior classes of secondary school // Teaching history at school. - 1996. - No. 8. - P.4-6.
  • Kataev I.M. Textbook of Russian history for secondary school. - SL. - 132 units; 4.2. - 262 units; Ch. Z. - 262 p. - M.: Sytin Publishing House, 1917.
  • Enlightenment in the Urals. - 1928. - No. 11. - P.14.
  • Kataev I.M. Issues in teaching social studies: Methodological essays. - M., 1926.
  • Kataev I.M. New Marxist methodology of history // Social science in labor school. - 1929. - No. 3-4.
  • Semenov V.V. 25th anniversary of the Magnitogorsk Pedagogical Institute I Scientists zap. MGPI. - Magnitogorsk, 1957. - Issue 5. - P.7.
  • Kataev I.M. Usolskaya estate on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861 // Scientists zap. MGPI. - Magnitogorsk, 1949. - Issue 2. - P.5-59.

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- And it’s impossible otherwise? – she asked. Prince Andrei did not answer, but his face expressed the impossibility of changing this decision.
- It's horrible! No, this is terrible, terrible! – Natasha suddenly spoke and began to sob again. “I’ll die waiting a year: this is impossible, this is terrible.” “She looked into the face of her fiancé and saw on him an expression of compassion and bewilderment.
“No, no, I’ll do everything,” she said, suddenly stopping her tears, “I’m so happy!” – Father and mother entered the room and blessed the bride and groom.
From that day on, Prince Andrei began to go to the Rostovs as a groom.

There was no engagement and Bolkonsky’s engagement to Natasha was not announced to anyone; Prince Andrei insisted on this. He said that since he was the cause of the delay, he must bear the entire burden of it. He said that he was forever bound by his word, but that he did not want to bind Natasha and gave her complete freedom. If after six months she feels that she does not love him, she will be within her right if she refuses him. It goes without saying that neither the parents nor Natasha wanted to hear about it; but Prince Andrei insisted on his own. Prince Andrei visited the Rostovs every day, but did not treat Natasha like a groom: he told her you and only kissed her hand. After the day of the proposal, a completely different, close, simple relationship was established between Prince Andrei and Natasha. It was as if they didn't know each other until now. Both he and she loved to remember how they looked at each other when they were still nothing; now both of them felt like completely different creatures: then feigned, now simple and sincere. At first, the family felt awkward in dealing with Prince Andrei; he seemed like a man from an alien world, and Natasha spent a long time accustoming her family to Prince Andrei and proudly assured everyone that he only seemed so special, and that he was the same as everyone else, and that she was not afraid of him and that no one should be afraid his. After several days, the family got used to him and, without hesitation, continued with him the same way of life in which he took part. He knew how to talk about the household with the Count, and about outfits with the Countess and Natasha, and about albums and canvas with Sonya. Sometimes the Rostov family, among themselves and under Prince Andrei, were surprised at how all this happened and how obvious the omens of this were: the arrival of Prince Andrei in Otradnoye, and their arrival in St. Petersburg, and the similarity between Natasha and Prince Andrei, which the nanny noticed on their first visit Prince Andrei, and the clash in 1805 between Andrei and Nikolai, and many other omens of what happened were noticed by those at home.
The house was filled with that poetic boredom and silence that always accompanies the presence of the bride and groom. Often sitting together, everyone was silent. Sometimes they got up and left, and the bride and groom, remaining alone, were still silent. Rarely did they talk about their future lives. Prince Andrei was scared and ashamed to talk about it. Natasha shared this feeling, like all his feelings, which she constantly guessed. One time Natasha started asking about his son. Prince Andrei blushed, which often happened to him now and which Natasha especially loved, and said that his son would not live with them.
- From what? – Natasha said in fear.
- I can’t take him away from my grandfather and then...
- How I would love him! - Natasha said, immediately guessing his thought; but I know you want there to be no excuses to blame you and me.
The old count sometimes approached Prince Andrei, kissed him, and asked him for advice on the upbringing of Petya or the service of Nicholas. The old countess sighed as she looked at them. Sonya was afraid at every moment of being superfluous and tried to find excuses to leave them alone when they didn’t need it. When Prince Andrei spoke (he spoke very well), Natasha listened to him with pride; when she spoke, she noticed with fear and joy that he was looking at her carefully and searchingly. She asked herself in bewilderment: “What is he looking for in me? He's trying to achieve something with his gaze! What if I don’t have what he’s looking for with that look?” Sometimes she entered into her characteristic insanely cheerful mood, and then she especially loved to listen and watch how Prince Andrei laughed. He rarely laughed, but when he laughed, he gave himself entirely to his laughter, and every time after this laugh she felt closer to him. Natasha would have been completely happy if the thought of the impending and approaching separation did not frighten her, since he too turned pale and cold at the mere thought of it.
On the eve of his departure from St. Petersburg, Prince Andrei brought with him Pierre, who had never been to the Rostovs since the ball. Pierre seemed confused and embarrassed. He was talking to his mother. Natasha sat down with Sonya at the chess table, thereby inviting Prince Andrey to her. He approached them.
– You’ve known Bezukhoy for a long time, haven’t you? - he asked. - Do you love him?
- Yes, he is nice, but very funny.
And she, as always speaking about Pierre, began to tell jokes about his absent-mindedness, jokes that were even made up about him.
“You know, I trusted him with our secret,” said Prince Andrei. – I have known him since childhood. This is a heart of gold. “I beg you, Natalie,” he said suddenly seriously; – I’ll leave, God knows what might happen. You might spill... Well, I know I shouldn't talk about it. One thing - no matter what happens to you when I’m gone...
- What will happen?...
“Whatever the grief,” continued Prince Andrei, “I ask you, m lle Sophie, no matter what happens, turn to him alone for advice and help.” This is the most absent-minded and funny person, but the most golden heart.

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Books

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"Kataev, I. M." in books

Kataev-75

From the book Masters of the Spirit author Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich

Kataev-75 Here he is swaying half-turn towards you - in his sovereign chair, in a gray-black large knitted jacket, like heavy chain mail, or even a chasuble, his bangs are pushed onto his forehead - just like how dangerous people moved a small-visor cap to his eyebrows from the back of his head inhabitants of post-war gateways.

KATAEV VALENTIN

From the book How Idols Left. The last days and hours of people's favorites author Razzakov Fedor

KATAEV VALENTIN KATAEV VALENTIN (writer: “The Lonely Sail Whitens”, “The Grass of Oblivion”, etc.; died on April 12, 1986 at the age of 90). Despite his advanced age, Kataev was a healthy person. And he could live up to a hundred years. But it was finished off by the renovations that the builders

KATAEV Valentin

From the book The Shining of Everlasting Stars author Razzakov Fedor

KATAEV Valentin KATAEV Valentin (writer: “Time, forward!” (1932), “The Lonely Sail Whitens” (1936–1961), “Son of the Regiment” (1945), “Small Iron Door in the Wall” (1964), “Holy Well” "(1966), "The Grass of Oblivion" (1967), "My Diamond Crown" (1978), etc.; died on April 12, 1986 at the age of 90

V. Kataev Meetings with Bulgakov

From the book Memoirs of Mikhail Bulgakov author Bulgakova Elena Sergeevna

V. Kataev Meetings with Bulgakov Bulgakov was an amazing writer. And I, who had the opportunity to meet with him almost daily in the most early years our creative life, in the first years Soviet power, when we worked at Gudok, I never ceased to be amazed at the brilliant

Kataev and the Beatles

From the book Queen of White Elephants author Burkin Yuliy Sergeevich

Kataev and the Beatles I went to Sverdlovsk to receive a copy of the CD “Queen of the White Elephants”. It turned out that the weather was my favorite: a little sun, a little cool, cloudy but light. I got to the factory, called the checkpoint, they told me that the disc was ready and already

VALENTIN KATAEV

From the author's book

VALENTIN KATAEV Irakli Andronikov is a unique phenomenon. Never before has Russian culture and Russian art did not create anything like this. Andronikov is a literary critic, an expert on Russian classics, a researcher of the life and work of Lermontov and Pushkin. In this area he did

Kataev Gennady Nikolaevich

From the book I Fought in Afghanistan. A front without a front line author Severin Maxim Sergeevich

Kataev Gennady Nikolaevich I served in Alma-Ata, and one fine day we learned that we needed four people along with generating machines that supplied power to the radio stations. So they decided to send me and three other guys to Afghanistan along with the equipment. The bosses don't

Ivan Kataev

From the book Life will fade away, but I will remain: Collected Works author Glinka Gleb Alexandrovich

Ivan Kataev “We ​​are fighting for future generations, they are destined to benefit from the fruits of our struggle. And we must fearlessly sacrifice ourselves. Both you and I are only slain lambs, and there is nothing for us to achieve anything bright for ourselves from life. It just gets in the way

Valentin Kataev

From the book “Catch Pigeon Mail...”. Letters (1940–1990) author Aksenov Vasily From the book Big Dictionary of Quotes and Catchphrases author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

KATAEV, Valentin Petrovich (1897–1986), writer 113 I want to, I want to, I will endure. “The Lonely Sail Whitens”, story (1936), ch. 7? Kataev V.P. Collection. op. in 10 volumes - M., 1984, vol. 4, p. 39 114 – How are you living, crucian carp? / – Wow, merci. "Radio Giraffe" (1926) ? Dept. ed. – M., 1927, p. 6 Repeated in

KATAEV VALENTIN PETROVICH

From the book Dictionary of Aphorisms of Russian Writers author Tikhonov Alexander Nikolaevich

KATAEV VALENTIN PETROVICH Valentin Petrovich Kataev (1897–1986). Russian writer, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the USSR State Prize. Author of the novels “Waves of the Black Sea”, “Ehrendorf Island”, “Lord of Iron”, “Time, Forward”, “Youthful novel of my old

Poet Valentin Kataev

From the book Kukish for Prostitutes author Kruchenykh Alexey Eliseevich

Valentin Petrovich Kataev is a world-famous writer. But these are dry, general words. It is especially dear to Odessa residents. Who else could describe our city with such sincere love as Valentin Petrovich in the story “The Lonely Sail Whitens”? Without whom there would not be not only everyone’s favorite books, but even the image of Ostap Bender, without whom Odessa would not be Odessa?

Valentin Kataev's granddaughter's name is Tina. This petite woman is the deputy. editor of the Moscow magazine “In the World of Science”, famous journalist.

Catching bandits is easier than writing:
- According to the memoirs of Valentin Petrovich, it was he who came up with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200b“12 chairs”. Is this really true?

Yes. The situation developed like this. Evgeny Kataev came from Odessa to Moscow to visit his older brother. And he decided to show how independent he was - he got a job in the criminal investigation department. Grandfather’s main task was to come up with anything he could to get him to leave there voluntarily. Firstly, it was life-threatening, and secondly, Evgeniy was very young and emotional. Grandfather began to encourage him to write. He says: “Well, is it really easier for you to catch bandits than to write?” At first, Kataev Jr. composed feuilletons for Gudok. Later he met Ilf, they came to his grandfather. (So ​​that there would not be two writers, the Kataevs, they decided that the younger brother - who seemed to have not grown up to become the elder - would have a pseudonym, and took Petrov in honor of their father.) Together they discussed what they could write. And the grandfather says: “Guys, I’m your master, and you can be called auxiliary workers, I’ll now tell you the topic, give you an idea, you write everything to me, and I’ll walk through it with the master’s hand. Dumas has a brilliant idea. Let's say there is a certain treasure, value or something that is hidden in a certain number of objects. Let's write to me about this topic. Will watch later". Kataev forgot about this, and they went and wrote “Twelve Chairs”. And when they brought the novel so that he could go through it with the hand of a master, he said: “Guys, why do you need me? You did everything wonderful."

So the idea was actually his. Grandfather managed to connect two people who had complementary gifts.

Moreover, he said: “That’s it. I’m taking off my last name, I’m not passing through the master’s hand, I’m charging you only for giving me the idea - a golden cigarette case!” Well, they were upset - it would be a little expensive, but they gave him a cigarette case. Gold, but small, feminine.

So, it was Valentin Petrovich who introduced Ilf and Petrov?

It was a definite literary environment, where everyone knew each other. Naturally, when Petrov arrived in Moscow, his grandfather introduced him to everyone he knew, but then he got to know each other himself.

Game of Ears and “Collected Works”

Did Valentin Petrovich tell you anything about his childhood spent in Odessa?

Grandfather’s childhood memories are, in fact, “The Lonely Sail Whitens” and “Waves of the Black Sea.” This is all natural fiction, but it's very clearly based on childhood memories.

And the fisherman's hut, and..?

Yes. The fictional characters had a real basis.

The images are collective, but there were similar people. Moreover, from this work you can study the history of Odessa at that time. Let's say the history of the costume. Or, for example, playing with ears is an absolutely clear sign of that time. Even the description of the button is identical.

Did your grandfather know Bunin?

Literary career Kataeva began when, at the age of seven, he started a stack of notebooks and wrote “Collected Works” on it.

At the age of sixteen he came to Bunin.

Bunin was greatest writer recognized at that time, but he was famous for his complex character and was poorly received by young authors. Grandfather brought him a notebook with poems and left him. And when he came to find out the result, Bunin accepted it. In principle, Kataev did not count on this. This is how their creative communication began. When grandfather was already an accomplished writer, Bunin immigrated. He lived in Paris, wrote " Dark alleys“And they didn’t communicate because it was Soviet times, and it was simply dangerous for my grandfather’s fate. Bunin was very worried about him, was afraid to hand over letters, and when delegations of Soviet writers came to Paris, he said, “No, no, no, no, no, I don’t want to know anything.” Later, my grandparents were in France, they visited Bunin’s wife. This was a few years after his death. His wife greeted them with meringues. She remembered that when her grandfather came to visit them at the age of sixteen, he said that these were his favorite cakes.

My coffin will hit the staircase railing

What are Kataev’s impressions of Bulgakov?

Relationships changed throughout life. But Bulgakov was a close person to him. Grandfather in his old age recalled how sensitive Bulgakov was, a brilliant artist, because he said, “When I die, when they take me out of the house, my coffin will hit the railing of the stairs there.” In addition to some human things, spiritual connections were very strong.

70 percent of the sixties

I believe that in our time and in our literature this is not the case.

Maybe there was some kind of surge among the sixties, but in principle now we have reached a timelessness in this regard. Our lives must be shaped somehow differently for a new surge to occur. The foam should settle.

As for the sixties, Valentin Petrovich was the editor of the magazine “Yunost” and he was the first to publish them? Yevtushenko, Akhmadulina and everyone else?

Yes, he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine for six years (from 1955 to 1961) and his main task was to find young talented writers. He pulled out Aksenov - Vasily Aksenov and Anatoly Gladilin, whom he simply adored. He found Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, Bella Akhmadulina and others.

Rozhdestvensky too?

Rozhdestvensky was famous himself, but, nevertheless, yes. In principle, 70 percent of the sixties were taken out by my grandfather. And he had an absolutely amazing assistant, comrade-in-arms - Maria Lazarevna Ozerova. She is still alive. The two of them fought. And this situation happened - they started tightening the screws on him. They started saying, “But this shouldn’t be printed,” a certain amount of pressure. He resigned as editor-in-chief at will. Khrushchev was completely furious, he said, “None of my editors-in-chief has the right to submit an application of their own free will.” They couldn’t really persecute him, he was too famous, but his works were no longer mentioned in the press. He left gracefully and said that he only wanted to do creativity. Didn't let anyone down, but it still caused rage. And he actually left because he could no longer do what he considered necessary.

Mayakovsky and a runny nose

Very a good relationship were with Yesenin. This is youth, and the atmosphere of the inseparability of life from art, one circle, one impulse.

He was also on very close terms with Mayakovsky. Before perestroika, there were different versions of Mayakovsky’s death. Someone said that it was the Cheka that provoked his murder, and his beloved...

Lilya Brik?

No, not Lilya Brik, but the second one. Polonskaya. They said she could have shot him. Grandfather saw him the day before his death, or rather in the evening. He said that Mayakovsky had a runny nose and a disgusting mood. This is what happens when the last straw is missing. He said that Mayakovsky tried to commit suicide several times. Moreover, he inserted one cartridge and left notes.

The only Russian writer

Valentin Petrovich was a corresponding member of the Goncourt Academy, how was this possible in those days?

Whatever the times, no matter how closed the country is, there are still international literary academies and communities. And since a person’s works are still published, for certain works he is elected an honorary member. At the Goncourt Academy at that time, Kataev was the only Russian writer. Very often Lano and Bazin came to our home and received them all.

They accepted and accepted, but Kataev was released abroad?

Yes, my grandfather was released, because whatever the real dictatorship in the country, in order to exist in the international community, it has several positions, especially related to culture and science. It seems like we are still close to the normal human community and open. Therefore, a number of Soviet writers always had the opportunity to travel.

In order to take out a group of writers about whom no one in the world knew, one name was needed that everyone knew. They took grandfather and took ten more unknown writers.

"You don't have to know someone to love someone"

Kataev was also involved in the film “Circus”...

He and his brother wrote the film script. But when the film came out, they put too many pro-Soviet things in there, and they took off their names. Although “Circus” is a very good film in my opinion. I can imagine how good it could be if they...

Didn't they fix anything?

How did Valentin Petrovich feel about the fact that Madame Storozhenko was played by Ranevskaya?

He adored Ranevskaya.

They knew each other, right?

You don't have to know someone to love someone. For him, this was an actress of the highest level.

Vanya Solntsev never existed

Where did Valentin Petrovich live in Odessa as a child, in what area?

Kulikovo field. Not where the lane is named after him. On the other side. Now this house no longer exists. Therefore, we can only roughly say where it was. In principle, the Kataevs lived in three houses in Odessa and always in rented apartments.

On Kulikovo Field - this was the first apartment where he lived when he was very young. As was described in “The Lonely Sail Whitens.”

Valentin Petrovich worked during the Great Patriotic War as a war correspondent for Red Star?

In the Sovinformburo. This was the main thing, and publications could go to both Pravda and Red Star.

- “Son of the Regiment” is to some extent the result of work at the front?

Yes, and Viaduct. But the most common misconception is associated with “Son of the Regiment”. Vanya Solntsev never existed. This collective image. Grandfather saw at least ten to twenty such sons of the regiment. He assembled Vanya Solntsev from the image of all these children. And thanks to the fact that “Son of the Regiment” became popular, the “sons of the regiment” movement began. That is, although Vanya Solntsev was not there, each of these people thought that it was about him. For Kataev this was very important. That everyone should be recognized, if any of them are still alive, they should be treated as heroes.

A funny incident happened to my friend. In the fifth-sixth grade we went through “Son of the Regiment” and she was given the task of writing what the writer Kataev was thinking about, what he wanted to put into the character of Vanya. Naturally, living two dachas away from us, she came to my grandfather and asked him to tell me what he meant. He said. She was given a C minus for her essay - she and Kataev were wrong. And this is a very common misconception associated with well-known literary works.

They often say that my grandfather received Stalin prizes and was awarded many state awards - this is not true. Despite the fact that his name was used for international affairs, he was awarded only once, for “Son of the Regiment” with the Stalin Prize, but of the second degree.

Circle in the round

But “The Embezzlers” became a bestseller in the United States.

Sometime in the twenties, the play ran on Broadway. “The Embezzlers” and “Squaring the Circle”, two things were on there. When we were in America, the Americans showed us a theater called “Circle in the round”. They said it was in honor of the “Squaring the Circle” that was staged here. This is how the theater was named, and it still exists.

Actually, a very funny thing is connected with “Squaring the Circle” and “Embezzlers”. Kataev was paid a staggering fee for those times - twenty dollars for the right to use the work for the rest of his grandfather's life. He had other performances there, and Petrov traveled to America (as a result of which “Multi-Storey America” appeared) and somehow received his grandfather’s fees. And by the time my mother was born, a Blue Washington Ford was delivered to Moscow from America. My grandmother stood at the window with my newborn mother, and this luxurious car was brought to her.

In 1965, the story “Dear, Dear Grandfather” was written - is it about you?

Not exactly about me, but again he doesn’t have things that are written exactly about someone or exactly based on something. But it was actually me who inspired him. We watched “Eugene Onegin”; I hated opera and periodically commented on everything that was happening on stage. Based on my comments, he created a work.

Didn’t Kataev want to return to live in Odessa?

I wanted to. But I was very worried about the fact that in Odessa there would never be hot water

Valeria BURLAKOVA, Odessa

Kataev Valentin Petrovich (1897–1986), Russian writer. Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). Born on January 16 (28), 1897 in Odessa in the family of a teacher, a teacher at a diocesan school.

Pyotr Vasilievich Kataev; came from among the clergy. Mother, Evgenia Ivanovna Bachey - daughter of General Ivan Eliseevich Bachey, from the Poltava small estate noble family. Subsequently, Kataev gave the name of his father and the surname of his mother to the main, largely autobiographical hero of the tetralogy “Waves of the Black Sea” - Petya Bachey.
Valentin lost his mother early. The family did not live well, but the children studied at the gymnasium and even traveled abroad with their father, across the Mediterranean Sea. There was no strict supervision over them, and they managed to join the vibrant and unique life of different districts of Odessa. Kataev’s work was strongly influenced by the uniqueness of this southern, multinational, Mediterranean-Europe-oriented city, where the psychology of the inhabitants still retained features characteristic of the inhabitants of a free port. Odessa jargon influenced the writer's style. Valentin Kataev is the elder brother of the writer E. Petrov, who became famous satirist, co-author I. A. Ilf. Valentin published his first poem “Autumn” as a high school student in 1910 in the newspaper “Odessa Bulletin”. He also published in “Southern Thought”, “Odessa List”, “Awakening”, “Lukomorye”, etc. He did not pay too much attention to the aesthetic and political direction of his works, and sometimes published essays on the pages of warring newspapers. Speaking at poetry evenings, Kataev quickly met famous Odessa writers and joined the group of young poets “Green Lamp”. The young man was patronized by the famous Russian poet and writer A. M. Fedorov,


In the gymnasium, Kataev had the nickname “Chinese”, due to his slightly slanted eyes. In 1915, without graduating from high school, he went to the front as an 18-year-old volunteer. He began his service near Smorgon as a junior rank in an artillery battery, then was promoted to ensign. He was wounded and gassed twice. In the summer of 1917, after being wounded in the Kerensky offensive on the Romanian front, he was admitted to a hospital in Odessa. Kataev was given the rank of second lieutenant, but he did not have time to receive shoulder straps and was demobilized as an ensign. Awarded two Crosses of St. George and the Order of St. Anne IV degree (better known in Russian army entitled "Anna for Bravery"). With military rank and awards he received personal nobility, which is not inherited. At the front he wrote articles and essays about the “trench” life of soldiers, full of sympathy for the ordinary person in the war (Letters from there, Our everyday life, Ilya Muromtsy, and others). The growing protest against the war in the mindset of the fighting parties of those years is expressed in the story At Night (1917), banned by censorship.

In 1918, after being cured in a hospital in Odessa, Kataev joined the armed forces of Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky. After the fall of the hetman in December 1918, when the Bolsheviks appeared north of Odessa, Kataev volunteered in the Volunteer Army of A.I. Denikin in March 1919, automatically receiving the rank of second lieutenant. As an artilleryman, he was appointed commander of the first turret on the light armored train "Novorossiya" Armed Forces South of Russia (VSYUR). The armored train was assigned to the volunteer detachment of A.N. Rosenschild von Paulin and opposed the Petliurites, who declared war on the All-Soviet Union of Socialist Republics on September 24, 1919. The fighting lasted throughout October and ended with the Whites occupying Vapnyarka. The detachment advanced in the Kiev direction as part of the troops of the Novorossiysk region of the AFSR of General N. N. Shilling. The actions of the troops of the Novorossiysk region of the AFSR were part of Denikin’s campaign against Moscow. The armored train "Novorossiya" fought on two fronts - against the Petliurists entrenched in Vinnitsa, and against the Reds stationed in Berdichev. At the very beginning of 1920, even before the whites began to retreat, Kataev fell ill with typhus in Zhmerinka and was evacuated to an Odessa hospital. At the beginning of February 1920, still sick with typhus, his relatives took him home. On February 7, 1920, Odessa was finally occupied by the Reds.

Already in mid-February 1920, Kataev was cured of typhus. At this time, he joined the officer underground, which developed a plot to meet a possible Wrangel landing from the Crimea. (In a similar way - with a simultaneous attack by the landing detachment and the uprising of the officers' underground organizations, in August 1919 Odessa was liberated from the Reds. The main task of the conspirators was to capture the lighthouse to support the landing. The Odessa Cheka knew about the conspiracy from the very beginning and the “idea of ​​the conspiracy” itself was planted conspirators provocateur of the Cheka. In the Odessa Cheka, the conspiracy was called the “Wrangel conspiracy at the lighthouse." One of the conspirators, Viktor Fedorov, a former officer of the All-Soviet Union of Socialist Republics, who escaped persecution from the Reds and got a job as a junior officer in the searchlight team at the lighthouse, was associated with the lighthouse. And he was the son of the Russian writer A. M. Fedorov, who in turn was friends with the Kataev and Bunin families. The Cheka provocateur offered Viktor Fedorov a large sum of money for disabling the searchlight during the landing. Fedorov agreed to do it for free. The Cheka led the group for several weeks and then arrested its participants: Viktor Fedorov, his wife, his brother-in-law, projectors, Valentin Kataev and others. Together with Valentin Kataev, he was also arrested younger brother Evgeniy, who had nothing to do with the conspiracy.

Grigory Kotovsky stood up for Viktor Fedorov before the chairman of the Odessa Cheka, Max Deitch. Victor's father A.M. Fedorov in 1916 influenced the abolition of the death penalty by hanging in relation to Kotovsky. It was Kotovsky who took Odessa in February 1920 and thanks to this he had big influence on what was happening in the city at that time. Viktor Fedorov and his wife Nadezhda, at Kotovsky’s insistence, were released by Deitch.

And Valentin Kataev was saved by an even more fantastic accident. From the Moscow Cheka to the Odessa Cheka, a security officer came with an inspection, whom Kataev later called Yakov Belsky in his memoirs. In the summer of 1919, Belsky happened to be present during a conversation between Bunin and Kataev during the Bolshevik uprisings that were then taking place in Odessa. Bunin, not knowing that at that time Kataev was in the White Guard underground, reproached him in a conversation:

- “After all, if I’m talking to you after everything that you’ve done, then it means that I have an overpowering good feeling for you, because now I don’t bow to Carmen and I won’t bow…”

For Belsky, just like the Odessa security officers, who did not know about Kataev’s voluntary service in the All-Russian Socialist Republic, this was a sufficient reason to let Kataev go. In September 1920, after six months of imprisonment in an Odessa prison, Valentin Kataev and his brother were released from it. The remaining conspirators were shot in the fall of 1920.

[ Not everyone knows about this foggy episode in the life of Valentin Kataev. In some biographies of the writer, which are published, including on the Internet, this period of Kataev’s life is described as follows:

"In 1919 he was mobilized into the Red Army, commanded an artillery battery on the Don Front." .... ]

After leaving prison, Valentin Kataev began writing again and collaborating with the YugROST association; attends various literary circles. He becomes close to E.G. Bagritsky, with whom he composes propaganda texts for posters. In 1921, he worked in the Kharkov press together with Yuri Olesha, edited the magazine "Kommunarka of Ukraine" and published in many other publications.

From 1922 he lived in Moscow; a permanent employee of the Gudok newspaper (since 1923), as a “topical” humorist, he collaborates and publishes humoresques and feuilletons in Pravda, Rabochaya Gazeta, Truda (pseudonyms: Old Man Sabbakin, Ol. Twist, Mitrofan Gorchitsa). IN early work Kataev’s peculiar fusion of realism, keen everyday observation, irony, reaching the point of sarcasm, romantic elation and daring fantasy manifested itself in stories about the Civil War (Krantz Experience, 1919; Golden Pen, 1920; Notes on the Civil War, 1924, where there is a tendentious-contrasting “ black and white" image of what is happening, with a sublime description of the "red" heroes and a satirical depiction of the White Guards), as well as in adventurous-utopian novels about the world revolution (Ehrendorf Island, Lord of Iron, both 1924) and in the social-critical phantasmagoria of "small" genres (Sir Henry and the Devil, 1920; The Iron Ring, 1923).

At the same time, Kataev moved from a mocking play on anecdotal incidents (collections of stories The Bearded Baby, 1924; The Funniest Thing, 1927) to the accusatory pathos of debunking the cult of profit and “beautiful” life. The writer’s first significant success was brought to him by the story The Embezzlers (1926; play of the same name, 1928), where the “archetypal” rogue heroes of new Russian literature, from Gogol’s Khlestakov and Chichikov to Ostap Bender, I. Ilf and E. Petrov, travel in search of great fortune (“ happiness") and as a result they discover both the falsity of their own ideals and the wretchedness of the surrounding reality. The acuteness of social and psychological satire, directed against philistine vulgarity and the bourgeois cult of property, also marked the stories of the 1920s by Ignatius Pudelyakin (1927), Child, Things (both 1929), and the comedy Squaring the Circle (1928). In those same years, Kataev also defined his other main themes: historical and revolutionary, combined with autobiographical (stories Father, 1925; Rodion Zhukov, 1926; The Sea, 1928, etc., continued with the story The Lonely Sail Whitens, 1936; film of the same name, 1937 , directed by V.G. Legoshin), and the theme of building a new life (the play Avangard, 1929, about the creation of collective farms; written after a trip to Magnitogorsk and strengthening the popularity of the writer, the chronicle novel Time, Forward!, 1931, full of dynamism, free pathos labor and optimistic faith in the creative energy of the masses, consonant with the joyful marching tonality of the then poems by V.V. Mayakovsky, who suggested the name of the work to Kataev).

The story The Lonely Sail Whitens, the main characters of which were Odessa boys - high school student Petya Bachey, named after maiden name Kataev's mother, and the fisherman's son Gavrik Chernoivanenko, find themselves in the whirlpool of the revolutionary events of 1905, together with adults (sailor from the battleship "Potemkin" Rodion Zhukov, Petya's father - teacher Vasily Petrovich Bachey, trader from the Odessa Privoz Madame Storozhenko, Gavrik's grandfather, etc.) experiencing the seriousness of the ongoing processes and at the same time, poeticizing with the sharpness of a fresh, romantic perception the world. The fascinating plot, the picturesque objectivity of the description of the “background” of what is happening - the bustle of Odessa streets, the market, the port, the beach, the incessant sea, school life, etc., the fusion of humor, lyricism and heroic pathos made this work one of the favorite children's books. The story was part of the tetralogy Waves of the Black Sea (story Khutorok in the Steppe, 1956, film of the same name, 1971, directed by B.A. Buneev; novels Winter Wind, 1960; Catacombs, 1948; 2nd version - 1951; other titles. For the power of the Soviets, film of the same name, 1956, directed by Buneev).

The desire to show the history of the country through the fate of a person is also marked by Kataev’s story I, Son of the Working People (1937), the action of which takes place during the German occupation of Ukraine in 1919, the main characters are folklore characters - the brave soldier Semyon Kotko and the beautiful maiden Sophia, a narrative that unfolds in the style of folk tales, full of descriptions of Ukrainian landscapes, rituals and customs, sounds of Ukrainian speech (the plot of the story was based on the opera by S.S. Prokofiev Semyon Kotko, 1939).

During the Great Patriotic War participated in the battles on the Kursk Bulge, near Orel. War correspondent Kataev wrote feuilletons, essays, stories (The Third Tank, Flag, Viaduct, Our Father, the story Wife, 1943, plays Father's house, Blue scarf). The story Son of the Regiment (1945; Stalin Prize 2nd degree, 1946), a story about the fate of an orphan boy adopted by a combat regiment. The institution of “sons of the regiment” has since become established in the Russian army; Based on the story, a play of the same name was written and a film was made (1946, directed by V.M. Pronin). The play Day of Rest (1947) was distinguished by its precise sense of modernity, authenticity of details, witty plot, fusion of lyricism and grotesque, like his other dramatic works.

After the war, Kataev was prone to multi-day drinking bouts. In 1946, Valentina Serova told the Bunins that Kataev “sometimes drinks for 3 days. He doesn’t drink, he doesn’t drink, and then, having finished a story, an article, sometimes a chapter, he goes on a spree.” In 1948, this almost led Kataev to divorce his wife.

In 1955 he founded the magazine "Youth" and, being the editor-in-chief of the magazine (1955-1962), Kataev contributed to its transformation into one of the leading periodicals countries, so-called “mouthpiece” of the sixties, which opened the way to the reader for many prominent writers (including V.P. Aksenov and A.T. Gladilin). In 1964, the writer published an artistic and journalistic story about V.I. Lenin, “The Little Iron Door in the Wall,” and in 1969, the story “The Cup.” A series of memoirs by Kataev (the story The Holy Well, 1965; The Grass of Oblivion, 1967; Broken life, or Oberon's Magic Horn, 1972; My Diamond Crown, 1975, entitled with a line from draft Boris Godunov A.S. Pushkin; Sukhoi Liman, 1986, where, inspired by the author’s poetic imagination, the heroes and plots of many of Kataev’s books came together), open new facets of the writer’s talent: the depth of penetration into the meaning of events and the characters of people, confession and observation, combined with a living ability to artistic displacement of time and space , to playing with allegories, symbols and “masks” (for example, in The Diamond Crown the real heroes of Kataev’s memoirs are mainly famous writers, are brought out under “iconic” nicknames, for example, Commander - V.V. Mayakovsky).
The story “The Wind has Already Been Written” (1979), the title is a line from Pasternak referring to reflections on how little humanistic culture can change in the cruelty of the real historical process, polemically in relation to Kataev’s previous historical-revolutionary works, it shows the Civil War in Russia as senseless a fratricidal massacre in which the hero of the story, the sincere and pure cadet Dima, is involved, and in which commissars in black leather jackets carry out their bloody justice, shooting their victims without trial in garages.

The romantic love story of a soldier for a general’s daughter, which has become almost archetypal in the literature of modern times, is described by Kataev in a sentimental novel in letters, A Youth Novel by My Old Friend Sasha Pchelkin (1982).

Kataev’s second marriage was to Esther Davydovna Kataeva (1913-2009). “It was an amazing marriage,” Daria Dontsova, a close friend of the Kataev family, said about him. There were two children in this marriage - Evgenia Valentinovna Kataeva (named in honor of her grandmother, mother of Valentin Kataev, b. 1936) and children's writer and memoirist Pavel Valentinovich Kataev (b. 1938).

Kataev's son-in-law (husband of Evgenia Kataeva) is a Jewish Soviet poet, editor and public figure Aron Vergelis (1918-1999).

Kataev's nephews (sons of Evgeny Petrov) are cinematographer Pyotr Kataev (1930-1986) and composer Ilya Kataev (1939-2009).

Kataeva’s granddaughter (daughter of Evgenia Kataeva) is journalist Tina (Valentina) Eduardovna Kataeva.

Kataev died in Moscow on April 12, 1986. He was buried in Moscow on Novodevichy Cemetery(site no. 10).

Valentin Petrovich Kataev was awarded two St. George's crosses, the Order of St. Anne, IV degree, Stalin Prize second degree (1946) - for the story “Son of the Regiment” (1945), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974), three Orders of Lenin, medals. Corresponding member of the Mainz Academy (1973, Germany), member of the Goncourt Academy (1976, Paris).

On the facade of house No. 4 on Bazarnaya Street in Odessa, where Valentin Kataev was born, there is a memorial plaque. One of the alleys in Odessa is named after Valentin Kataev. In the Odessa Museum, a separate museum exhibition is dedicated to Kataev.

An Odessa journalist who interviewed the writer at the end of his life in 1982 spoke about him like this:

  • “...He had an ineradicable Odessa accent.”
The language of Odessa has largely become literary language Kataev, and Odessa itself became not just a backdrop for many of Valentin Kataev’s works, but their full-fledged hero.

Creative heritage of Valentin Kataev:

The most important and most famous works

  • Tetralogy "Waves of the Black Sea".
    • The Lonely Sail Whitens (1936)
    • Farm in the steppe (1956)
    • Winter Wind (1960)
    • For the power of the Soviets (Catacombs) (1949-1951)

Novels

  • Lord of Iron (1924)
  • Erendorf Island (1924)
  • The Embezzlers (1926)
  • Time forward! (1932)
  • I am the son of the working people (1937)
  • Broken Life, or Oberon's Magic Horn (1972)
  • Cemetery in Skulany (1975)
  • My Diamond Crown (1977)

Stories

  • Rodion Zhukov (1928)
  • Electric Machine (1943)
  • Wife (1943)
  • Son of the Regiment (1945)
  • Trip South (1951)
  • Small iron door in the wall (1964)
  • Holy Well (1965)
  • The Grass of Oblivion (1967)
  • Cube (1969)
  • Already written Werther (1980)
  • A youth novel by my friend Sasha Pchelkin. Written by Himself (1980)
  • Sleeper (1984)
  • Dry Estuary (1985)

Collections of stories

  • In a city under siege (1923)
  • Sir Henry and the Devil (1923)
  • Slacker Edward (1925)
  • Bearded Little One (1926)
  • New Stories (1926)
  • Stories (1926)
  • The Funniest Thing (1927)
  • Solyanka team (1927)
  • Father (1928)
  • Birds of God (1928)

Some individual stories

  • Child (1929)
  • On the Margins of a Novel (1931)
  • Sonya Buzuluk (1933)
  • Two Hussars (1934)
  • At Night (1934)
  • Gases (1935)
  • Namesake (1935)
  • Paradox (1935)
  • Death of Starodubtsev (1935)
  • Dream (1935)
  • Surprise (1935)
  • Theater (1935)
  • Meeting (1935)
  • Black Bread (1935)
  • Flowers (1936)
  • Shadows (1937)
  • Near Smorgon (1939)
  • Flower-seven-flower (1940)
  • The pipe and the jug (1940)
  • Two Castles (1940)
  • In passing (194)
  • At the dacha (1941)
  • Transcript (1942)
  • Third Tank (1942)
  • Partisan (1942)
  • Lieutenant (1942)
  • Photographic Card (1942)
  • Flag (1942)
  • 1918 (1943)
  • Operational Zagrebukhin (1945)
  • Pearl (1945)
  • Stump (1945)
  • Our Father (1946)
  • Viaduct (1946)
  • New Year's story (1947)
  • Baby Soul (1947)
  • Happy New Year!.. (1947)
  • Last Night (1948)
  • Damn Wind (1949)
  • Little Dove (1949)
  • Port (1951)
  • Eternal Memory (1954)
  • Memory (1961)
  • Dear Sweet Grandfather (1965)
  • Sorrento (1966)
  • Monkey (1970)
  • Violet (1973)
  • Demyan talks (1977)

Poems

  • Autumn (1910)

Non-genre works

  • Sukhoi Liman (1986)

Kataev's works in theatre, cinema and television

Drama Theater

  • 1927 - “Embezzlers” - Moscow Art Theater, staged by K. S. Stanislavsky.
  • 1928 - “Squaring the Circle” - Moscow Art Theater, staged by N. M. Gorchakov under the direction of V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The play is still staged in theaters in Russia, Europe and America.
  • 1934 - “Road of Flowers” ​​- Moscow Modern Theater

1940 - “House” - Comedy Theater, staged by N. P. Akimov. The performance was banned; in 1972 (?) restored by director A. A. Belinsky.

  • 1940 - “A soldier was walking from the front” - Vakhtangov Theater.
  • 1942 - “The Blue Handkerchief” - theater (?).
  • 1948 - “Crazy Day” (“Where are you, Monsieur Miussov?”) - Moscow academic theater Satires.
  • 1954 (?) - “It happened in Konsk” (“House”) - Moscow Academic Theater of Satire.
  • 1958 (?) - “Time for Love” - Mossovet Theater.

Opera theatre

  • 1940, June 23 - “Semyon Kotko” (1939), opera by S. S. Prokofiev in 5 acts, 7 scenes based on the story “I, Son of the Working People...” by V. P. Kataev. Libretto by V. P. Kataev and S. S. Prokofiev. Moscow Academic Musical Theatre named after K. S. Stanislavsky and Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko under the direction of M. Zhukova.
  • 1970s - “Semyon Kotko” (1939), an opera by S. S. Prokofiev in 5 acts, 7 scenes based on the story “I, Son of the Working People...” by V. P. Kataev. Libretto by V. P. Kataev and S. S. Prokofiev. Grand Theatre, director B. A. Pokrovsky, conductor F. Sh. Mansurov

Filmography: scripts

  • Circus (Scriptwriter with Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov; all three removed their names from the film credits due to changes made to the script) (1936)
  • The Motherland is calling (together with A. Macheret) (1936)
  • Pages of Life (together with A. Macheret) (1948)
  • The Lonely Sail Whitens (1937)
  • Son of the Regiment (1946)
  • For the power of the Soviets (together with S. Klebanov) (1956)
  • Mad Day (1956)
  • Poet (1957)

Maria Tereneva-Kataeva

"How it was" - autobiographical memory

Original here: http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Hall/7820/teren/ The river of time rushes into sun glare, then in the hopeless stormy blackness, and carries away our joys, as light as streams of air - and our stone-heavy grief. The wave of world war and revolution picked me up from the provincial backwater and dragged me in carts and heated vehicles along the roads of the country to its very heart - Moscow. Komsomol years of high ideals and self-rejected dreams... With a swift gait, in the seventeenth year of my life, I entered the beautiful building of the Literary Institute on Povarskaya. At the first interview I read my favorite poets - Blok, Mayakovsky, Verhaeren - and my poems, and was accepted without certificates or certificates, which I didn’t even have. At the institute they studied the history of world literature, linguistics and other important sciences, but most of all they lived there and raved about poetry. Everyone prepared together for the tests, appeared in print with their first stories and poems; an avalanche broke through into the Polytechnic on literary evenings; holding hands, they walked in a line through the streets, chanting “Left March” by Mayakovsky or “Twelve” by Blok. An atmosphere of passion for poetry and hidden love for each other reigned among us. A student of the Faculty of Economics at Moscow State University, a young journalist who wrote stories and essays, Ivan Kataev, also came by. I often saw his very youthful face and his kind, restrained smile. Once we were walking along the street together; evening Moscow was enveloped in coolness and peace. Cab drivers drove by, rhythmically tapping their hooves. Kataev spoke about the classics - about Dostoevsky, Tolstoy: “It’s not easy to write as you feel, as your conscience dictates. But in “Pereval” we strive for this...” I knew about “Pereval”. Recently, in the premises of the Krug publishing house, I read my poems to the Pereval residents. Some people scolded me for the inaccurate rhyme, but the head of the Pereval group, Alexander Voronsky, praised me. Some of these poems were published in the magazines “New World” and “Krasnaya Niva”... It turned out that my meetings with Ivan were not limited to the institute. In the green wooden house in Vsekhsvyatskoye (now Sokol metro station), where my parents lived, my brother’s homeless army comrade, Efim Vikhrev, lived in a spare room at that time. I lived in a hostel, but often visited my parents and met Ivan at Efim’s. They both now worked for the cooperative magazine Town and Country. Almost immediately behind the house a field began, sparkling with the purest snow. Ivan taught me to ski, and I often floundered in the snow like a roly-poly. -Komsomol element, when will you join the party? - Ivan asked unexpectedly. - Why should I lose my freedom? - I answered lightly. “Wow, this is obvious petty-bourgeois individualism,” Ivan said, laughing. Sometimes I visited Ivan’s small room in Kuntsevo, where there was the owner’s old wrought-iron couch and an unpainted table. There are several books and a large clay dog ​​on it. “The only grace of my lonely life,” Ivan joked. Here in the evenings we read aloud many chapters from “Pan” by Hamsun. The rumble of a bus on the highway suddenly crashed through the open windows, and then the silence seemed even deeper. And even then I understood that in Ivan, in this reserved man, spiritual purity is unchanged, extremely careful attitude to all people. He has a big goal in life. It was different from the noisy, disorderly circle of young people that I was accustomed to at the institute. In the fall of 1926, together with the institute, which was disbanded and partially merged with Leningrad University, I left for Leningrad. I fell in love with this city with its traditions, with the poetry of its majestic buildings and cathedrals. Several students and I lived in a small commune, renting rooms in an old apartment on Vasilyevsky Island. I studied at the university and worked at the youth newspaper Smena. When everyone left for the holidays, I felt the loneliness especially acutely. And, of course, I was delighted when Ivan and Efim came into my room, slightly embarrassed. We talked a little, and I wanted to show them Leningrad. I was proud of the city as if it were my discovery. We walked along the embankment, admiring the sphinxes over the Neva, the strict lines of the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge, and visited the deserted Summer Garden. It was foggy, from time to time there was an imperceptible rain, the white statues among the trees seemed alive. We were overcome by a feeling of the beauty and significance of this city, the significance of human life. Ivan and I came here and later, when Efim had already left, we greeted the onset of white nights and breathed in the coolness from the Neva. Ivan was serious, unusual and said solemnly: “Into your hands I commend my spirit...” We decided to spend a vacation together. At the beginning of July 1927 arrived in Vladikavkaz. A year later, Ivan and I moved to an old house on Leningradskoe Highway with my parents, the three of us, with our little son Yura. Ivan began working as an executive secretary in the new Literaturnaya Gazeta, and entered into contracts for the publication of his first novels and short stories. I rarely left Vsekhsvyatsky. It was a remote suburb then. I was fiddling with the baby. Ivan asked me to keep a diary of the child’s behavior and development - Ivan kept his mother’s diary as a shrine. But I was bored with keeping such a diary. I was looking forward to the evening when Ivan would return with his usual and interesting stories O literary life. Young writers and critics, friends and acquaintances of Ivan, Nikolai Zarudin, Boris Guber, Eduard Bagritsky, Alexander Mylyshkin, Nikolai Dementyev, Abram Lezhnev and others sometimes came to us in Vsekhsvyatskoe. They all belonged to the mentioned literary group "Pereval".. These meetings continued later, when in the early 30s we moved to new apartment onto Kropotkin Street, spacious but cold - with stove heating. In January 1930, Kataev and the Pravda brigade went to the collectivization areas in Kuban. Rumors about how collectivization was proceeding were alarming. People with exhausted, humiliated faces increasingly knocked on our door and asked for bread. They said that early in the morning the corpses of people who had died from hunger and who had come from afar were removed from the streets. Ivan returned gloomy, answered questions sparingly, reluctantly, and began working on the book “Movement” - about Kuban. I was looking for an understanding of everything I had seen, I was looking with anxiety, hiding my pain and bewilderment. Changes also occurred in literary life. Previous disagreements turned into fierce battles, theoretical disputes into merciless battles. By this time, Ivan had published several books. They were well received by critics and readers. But now the situation has changed. After all, Ivan was one of the leading writers of “The Pass,” whose main slogans were sincerity, a truthful reflection of life, and deep humanity. In the cruel, tense situation of those years, these slogans met resistance from the leadership of the Rappovites (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers). The criticism was dominated by the “Rappian baton”. Disputes and verbal battles also took place in our apartment between the Pereval residents and the Rappovites. By the way, A. Fadeev, a Rappo member at that time, was softer and friendlier than many others. The attacks on Ivan Kataev especially intensified after the publication of the story “Milk”. Criticism accused him of “Christian liberalism” and of aiding the kulaks. During these years, Ivan traveled a lot on assignments from newspapers and the magazine “Our Achievements” - to the Khibiny Mountains, to Armenia... Sometimes it seemed to me that a stream was rushing through life human destinies. Each trip resulted in new essays or stories. The first congress of Soviet writers took place. Gorky and Bukharin spoke. Ivan was elected a member of the Board of the Writers' Union. Life was changing more and more. Gone political processes Bukharin, Radek and others. In August 1936, Ivan was expelled from the party. Arrests became more frequent, general fear, alienation... And Ivan wrote his last story“Under the Clear Stars,” about this year’s trip to Altai, already probably knowing what awaits him ahead, but remaining himself, the same, honest and open. In February I937, a second son was born, whom Ivan was very happy about. And in March 1937 a late call rang. Five people entered, presenting a search and arrest warrant. Drawers of tables and cabinets clattered. Books, our drafts, letters fell to the floor. Before dawn, having filled the back of the truck with bags of manuscripts and books, they led Ivan to the car. I rushed towards him, pushing the shooter away. Ivan said quietly: “Clean up and live quietly, and they’ll deal with me.” Then, day after day, we see endless queues in reception areas, applications and letters “to the top”.
I started working at school, I liked being with children. They were far from general despair and hopelessness. Prisoners were allowed to transfer fifty rubles a month. I split this money into parts to know if Ivan was still here. And when the money was not accepted, I realized that he was no longer in Moscow. I found out the sentence: “Ten years without the right to correspondence.” What lay behind this Jesuit phrase was understood much later. Very soon, I, with the child in my arms, was taken into the “mother’s cell” of Butyrka prison. In this dimly lit room with a tall wooden shield on the window, I became the thirteenth. The criminals brought semolina porridge in a bucket... The next morning I was called into the corridor and asked to sign a paper with a resolution Special meeting that I was sentenced to eight years as “a member of the family of a traitor to the motherland” - ChSKR. Prisoners were usually given a quarter of an hour to walk. “For the child” another fifteen minutes were added. A small fenced-in yard was somewhere near the sawmill. Wood dust was flying. Day after day the same thing. The son was a lively, active boy. It was scary that he would fall from the bunk onto the stone floor. I carried him in my arms and searched for some memory in my memory. lullaby song. None of them approached our fate. And then she composed her own prison lullaby: “My boy, do not believe in your father’s betrayal...” The women still constantly expected to be released. It was too ridiculous, it was incomprehensible what happened. But they were sent not to their homes, as they had dearly hoped, but to forced labor camps in Mordovia. Two weeks of quarantine, and now the children are already in the camp nursery. I was sent to work as a sawyer in the zone. It was necessary to provide all household points with firewood: the kitchen, the bathhouse, the laundry... The sawyer’s working day was not standardized, I could take Mitya to free time walk with him. His first steps, his first words were in the camp. But an epidemic of toxic dyspepsia began in the nursery. Mitya also fell ill. I saw with horror how he was weakening, becoming lethargic. indifferent and sometimes just moans. I asked the civilian head of the medical unit, Boltyanskaya, to let me into the nursery to care for the child. The refusal was decisive: “We have good care, sisters from your own prisoners: Several more days passed, I did not go to work, I was hopelessly sitting or lying on a bunk. In the evening Boltyanskaya came: “Are you organizing a demonstration, a hunger strike? We'll put you in a punishment cell!..." But she still gave permission, and they let me into the nursery. Several times they gave transfusions of blood taken from me for Mitya. Some other children got sick. Their mothers were also allowed in. Still, coffins were carried out of the zone at night . What kind of winds blow around these mounds almost hidden in the grass? My child began to eat little by little, get better, and come to life. Now I could no longer expose the boy’s life to chance. Some mothers submitted applications asking to send their children to their relatives. And I received permission. Soon after Mitya his grandmother, Larisa Dmitrievna, the second wife of Kataev Sr., Ivan’s father, arrived and took her second grandson to Kuibyshev. Mine left. I was overcome by emptiness, it seemed to be biting into me, persistently with me. Then I began to compose poetry. Stanzas formed in our heads without paper, without ink. We didn’t even have them. It was a cold weekend evening. We were sitting in the barracks, doing handicrafts. Someone asked me: “Don’t hide it, read it to us!” I read, acutely feeling the sameness of our fate... The difficult months of the camp dragged on. War! She gripped us with a feeling of anxiety: many had brothers and sisters at the front. There were no parcels, every day it became more difficult, but we did not complain. It was necessary to sew a lot for the army. There were mighty Mordovian forests around, there was enough firewood, but in winter the plank walls did not heat well. It became more and more terrible, hungrier, more hopeless to exist. I won't write any more about this. One day we woke up from noise, from jubilant screams. They ran out of the barracks. The word “victory” sounded in the blue dawn and merged into one unstoppable cry. We lined up, as we are used to at demonstrations, and walked between the barracks with the song “The boundless world is filled with tears.” The experienced commandant and guards tried to disperse us to the barracks, but we did not seem to notice them. My release came in September. At the central camp I learned that I couldn’t live in most big cities. My relatives moved from Kuibyshev to Magnitogorsk in 1942. Near this city I saw the name “Burannaya station”. “This is my destiny,” I decided. The train, the people, the cramped conditions and the crush - everything seemed light and joyful to me. I got off in Magnitogorsk. My appearance in the apartment of Ivan Matveevich Kataev, a professor at the Magnitogorsk Pedagogical Institute, my father Ivan, was a shock for everyone - for Ivan Matveevich, and for Larisa Dmitrievna, and for my children. Yura was already 16 years old, Mitya was 7. After searching around the suburbs of Magnitka for a while, I became a teacher at an elementary school at the Buranny state farm. Every week I went to see my people, hanging around in the back of a hitchhiker or on the steps of crowded trains, clinging to the handrails. In my sons, I recognized character traits that I valued in their father and in people in general: kindness, love for nature, for beauty, which cannot be killed in life. A couple of years later I was able to move to Magnitka. I worked at a vocational school, where it was very difficult, but interesting. In the city of great labor, there was also a place for me, the “outcast.” For ten years of living in Magnitogorsk, I taught Russian and literature at the metallurgical technical school, in correspondence high school, read literary lectures around town. In the factory workshops, in clubs and red corners, in libraries - everywhere the lectures were held with success. Maybe because they contained a lot of poetry and even prose, which I easily remembered. Past platforms with flaming metal, along access roads, I climbed onto overpasses and from above saw the grandiose scale of the entire plant in smoke and puffs of steam... In 1946, Ivan’s father, a wonderful man, a scientist-historian, died. The eldest son left for Moscow and entered Moscow State University. It was not easy for the “son of an enemy of the people.” But our sail, battered by storms, was caught by the tailwind of the 20th Congress. It was difficult to part with Magnitogorsk, where there was interesting work, friends, relatives and good people. But I rushed to Moscow in search of justice. It was not so easy to get rehabilitation; the case took a long time to be reviewed. I have three certificates from this time: about the rehabilitation of Ivan Kataev, about my own rehabilitation. The third appeared later, that Ivan Kataev allegedly died in 1939. In fact, he was shot on August 19, 1937. Now it was necessary to bring his books back to life. I found some of them in the secret section of "Leninka", some survived from acquaintances and friends, from those few who heroically did not burn them or throw them away. And we had to think about housing. Previously, when I came to Moscow from Magnitogorsk during the holidays, I lived with relatives and friends, not staying anywhere so as not to attract the attention of the police and often unkind neighbors.
The director of Goslitizdat Kotov greeted me friendly, he remembered an epigram, it seems, by A. Bezymensky: “Kataev wrote a good novel, but not Valentin, but Ivan.” With the wind of renewal, Ivan Kataev’s book was included in the plan for next year. They signed an agreement with me to draw it up. The Favorites was published in 1957, unusually quickly, and it was big victory. It was later followed by the collections “Under Pure Stars”, “Heart”, “Bread and Thought” (Lenizdat). In 1970 I managed to collect “Memories of Ivan Kataev”. But I go back to the first years after arriving in Moscow. Moscow, my good hope... I am grateful to fate that I managed to see and be with people who are infinitely close. I met my sisters and their children. But my relatives have also gone through a difficult path over the years. And new losses came. My older brother Volodya fell and immediately died of a heart attack in the factory yard while on his way to work. Years of imprisonment in the camps of the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic undermined his strength. In the assembly hall of the factory club there is a coffin in flowers, around a silent crowd of workers and two women in black - a wife and daughter. Another escape from the terrible life without rights.
My older sister Ksenya died, also on the move, also from a heart attack... “How cramped it is in my soul from those who are gone forever,” these lines were written even then. Strangers lived in our green house in the village of Vsekhsvyatskoe: my father died in the thirties, my mother died in Tashkent during evacuation. The sisters left this house, settling in Moscow closer to work. But Faina Shkolnikova, my friend from a young age, was with me. She was friends with many of the “Pass” - with Kataev, Zarudin, Guber. For this, with the wording “for failure to report,” she served five years in a camp and now worked on the outskirts of Moscow in a textile factory. In previous years, she was the head of the editorial office of the journal Foreign Literature. Faina invited me to her ten-meter room. But a policeman came to visit us, demanding registration, and the room for this was small. And then the writer Vasily Grossman, a person close to our former circle, invited me to settle on the street. Basmannaya - into a six-meter room with a window on the white wall of a neighboring house, next to the kitchen of a large communal apartment. The owner of this valuable room had a “reservation” for it, since he worked in the North. Gas burners were humming behind the door, angry voices were heard, and there was a smell of something burnt. And I, happy with that that there was a table and a table lamp, I read from the typewriter. I have collected everything possible from the literary heritage of Ivan Kataev - what was not included in the “Favorites”. Two typists gave me material to read, and at the same time I wrote poetry. Of course, I submitted applications to the Writers' Union, to which in I937 - 38. our cooperative apartment in Lavrushinsky Lane was transferred, where we never moved in... There were promises, but... I once even sent a “Variant application” in verse: Not up to books and not up to layout, Days are involuntarily idle, I I wander around according to the allotment According to various acquaintances. I’ll wander around and sadly sit down on a pedestal somewhere. And for fifteen hours straight I contemplate the flowerbed... How long will it take to wander around the world Among thunderstorms and downpours? But the Union, having taken the apartment, Was more prompt... For a year I lived in a dim, “gas” room on Basmannaya. She helped me a lot in life. Then, through the Writers' Union, they finally gave me a room in a new house on Lomonosovsky Prospekt; a 20-meter room in a communal apartment. Now I could return to my poetry. I was preparing a book of poems "Test" for the publishing house " Soviet writer", which was published in 1965. The preface to it was written by my old friend, the poet Mikhail Svetlov. Later, two more books of my poems were published. I think that the early years of life, a time of great hopes, enthusiastic work, communication with the best people in life and literature gave me the strength to survive the inevitably terrible thing that befell the whole country, on me, on our family, on such a pure, wonderful person as Ivan Kataev was. Everything I experienced gave me an understanding of depth and strength human soul- the most fragile and most resistant material on Earth.