Personal safety of the student. Ensuring the safety of children at school Ensuring the personal safety of secondary school students

Speech at the August conference of life safety teachers on August 29, 2017.

School Safety Report

Nowadays, school safety is a pressing issue. Integrated security of an educational institution is a set of measures and activities of an educational institution, carried out in cooperation with local government bodies, law enforcement agencies, other support services and public organizations, to ensure its safe functioning, as well as the readiness of employees and students to act rationally in emergency situations.

Srednetereshanskaya secondary school provides healthy and safe working conditions for teaching staff and student learning. We are working to ensure fire safety, electrical safety, and to prevent emergencies at school.

School safety is a priority in the activities of the school administration and teaching staff. The objects of this activity are:

Occupational Safety and Health

Safety regulations

civil defense

Measures to prevent terrorist acts

Monitoring compliance with labor protection requirements.

School security includes all types of security, including:

Fire department

Electrical

Explosion hazard

Danger associated with the technical condition of the habitat.

The implementation of the above tasks is carried out in our school in the following directions:

Protecting health and preserving life;

Compliance with safety regulations by students and school employees;

Teaching students how to ensure personal safety and the safety of others.

Every year, the educational process begins after the signing of a school readiness report by representatives of Rospotrebnadzor and Gospozhnadzor. Attached to the acts are protocols for measuring insulation resistance, the functionality of the panic button, the automatic fire detection system and alerting people about emergencies, etc.

In order to ensure electrical safety, an instruction “On electrical safety measures in the secondary school building” was drawn up and approved. RV Abdryakhimov, deputy director for electrical power supply, was appointed responsible for the electrical equipment of the school. (The school's electrical switchboard, lighting switchboards on the floors, electrical equipment in the school premises are checked for compliance with electrical safety requirements weekly. Electrical lamps in the school are replaced as they become available. According to the schedule, the insulation resistance of the electrical network and the grounding of equipment are checked, electrical sockets and electrical switches are kept in good condition. According to the contract (attached) and according to order No. the school has created a commission to test the knowledge of electrical and electrical equipment by staff and on energy saving, which includes: R.V. Abdryakhimov (deputy director for chemical and chemical engineering, chairman of the commission), G.R. Sharyukova, deputy director for water management, I.R. Budeleev, life safety teacher , Akhmetov K.G., technology teacher. Compliance with fire safety rules is ensured during school-wide events, evenings, and New Year's holidays. The school has an automatic fire alarm system installed; the alarm is triggered when there is smoke in the room, and the signal immediately goes to the “01” control panel. A fire alarm service agreement was signed with PE Pavlov. The school is also equipped with a security alarm system in case of emergency ("panic button"). Keys to emergency exits are located on the watch. Fire safety measures are carried out by the school both independently and within the framework of the relevant municipal program. As part of the implementation of this program, the school carries out activities that develop in students and staff the abilities and skills to act in emergencies (training evacuation of children from the school building); ensures the availability and implementation of regulatory documentation on fire safety (fire extinguishing equipment, the condition of emergency exits in working order, etc.), promotional and educational materials (stands “Fire Safety”, etc.).

In addition, the evacuation schemes for children and personnel on the floors have been clarified, emergency exits are checked daily, the APS (automatic fire alarm) system is checked according to the schedule, and the availability and serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment is constantly checked. During the period of New Year's events at the school, those responsible for fire protection of school facilities are appointed.

Life safety teacher Budeleev I.R. was appointed fire safety inspector at the school. It annually develops a fire safety plan. The school has developed and approved an action plan to ensure fire safety for 2012-2013. In May 2012 A plan was developed according to which the following activities were carried out at the school:

the serviceability of electrical sockets, switches, and maintenance of electrical networks was carried out.

The fire safety section has been updated.

plans have been developed for evacuation of the team in case of fire.

green arrows indicate evacuation routes at the school,

telephone numbers are posted in case of emergency,

the functionality of fire alarms and fire extinguishers was checked,

school employees were briefed on local evacuation plans,

A children's drawing competition "Me and Fire Safety" was held in grades 2-6

In grades 1-4, written work (dictations) were carried out on this topic:

Fire safety tests were conducted in 7 grades.

Classes on fire safety were held in all classes.

At the school, on the basis of instructions from the Ministry of Education, a squad of young firefighters was created ( order No. These are students in grades 5-10)

In connection with the terrorist threat, measures have been taken to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the territory and school building. Security guards, the administrator on duty and the teacher on duty do not allow unauthorized persons into the building. Parents of students are allowed to enter school at the specified times during breaks or after classes. The watchman enters information about the visitor into the registration log. A mechanism for action by school staff and students in the event of a terrorist threat has been developed. These activities are provided by persons whose positions are included in the school’s staffing table. To prevent and prevent terrorist acts in the school building and in the surrounding area, an “Instruction on Countering Terrorism” has been developed, the requirements of which must be strictly observed by the permanent staff (managers, teachers, workers) and students of the educational institution. Practical measures to prevent acts of terrorism in an educational institution and on its territory:

The utility rooms are kept in order;

The issuance of keys to classrooms to teachers and the handing over of keys after classes are controlled;

The permanent staff of the school arrives at their workplaces 10-15 minutes before the start of classes in order to check them for the absence of foreign and suspicious objects;

The passage of technical equipment and transport for cleaning the territory and evacuating waste, the delivery of materials and products is carried out under strict control.

The school has developed a passport for the anti-terrorism act, an evacuation plan in case of an explosion threat or an emergency. Instructions have been developed for the evacuation plan for staff, administration and teachers in the event of an explosion threat. The school director has instructions on ensuring the safety and anti-terrorist protection of employees and children in everyday activities and a memo to the director on measures to protect children and employees. Once every quarter, the school holds practical classes with students and teaching staff to practice evacuation in case of fire and other emergencies.

Catering at school is carried out only after appropriate approvals from Rospotrebnadzor authorities and with their regular monitoring, which ensures that there are no cases of poisoning of children with products prepared in the school catering unit. The provision of products is carried out through suppliers who have passed quotation commissions, the serviceability of equipment in the food block and canteen is constantly monitored, as well as control over the organization of catering, the range of products, and the creation of conditions for high-quality food preparation in the canteen.

The school has created the necessary conditions to prevent child injuries (compliance with safety regulations, compliance with labor protection instructions, etc.). Based order a commission for injury prevention was created consisting of:

The school has developed and approved an action plan to prevent child injuries for 2015-2017. The curriculum for grades 5-11 includes the subject “Fundamentals of Life Safety.” A “Road Safety Corner” has been equipped for primary school students. The school regularly conducts classes on road safety, basic life safety, practical training in first aid, and training sessions on evacuation from school in emergency situations. Practical school-wide events (“Children’s Day”, “Safety Day”, etc.) are held annually. Every year the school holds the “Safe Wheel” competition.

Every year, an in-depth examination of all students and an analysis of the morbidity results of students in grades 1-4 and grades 5-11 are carried out by health group throughout the year.

In the case of child injuries, investigations of school injuries during the educational process are carried out, the causes are identified and measures are taken to eliminate them.

Vision protection activities are regularly carried out in primary school lessons.

Instructions on safety rules in the rooms of maintenance and technical labor, chemistry, physics, and computer science are carried out in a timely manner.

Training in traffic rules, behavior on the street, on water, and fire safety is provided at our school throughout the year. Drawing competitions and quizzes on these issues are organized and held.

At parent meetings, issues about the prevention of children's road traffic injuries are discussed.

One of the most important activities of the school administration in implementing school safety is ensuring occupational health and safety. By school order No. 107-P dated September 2, 2011. a labor protection commission has been created. A plan for labor protection, safety and injury prevention for 2012-2013 was developed and approved. Measures to organize work on labor protection:

1. Preparing the school for the new school year. Checking the serviceability of engineering communications, equipment and taking measures to bring them into compliance with current standards, rules and regulations on labor protection.

2. Approval of job responsibilities to ensure life safety for the teaching staff and instructions on labor protection for workers and employees of an educational institution (school order No. 116-P dated September 2, 2011).

3. Appointment by order of persons responsible for compliance with labor protection requirements in classrooms, workshops, gyms, etc., as well as in all utility rooms.

4. Conducting parental and pedagogical councils to consider promising issues of ensuring the life safety of workers, students and pupils; adoption of a program of practical measures to improve and improve the conditions of the educational process.

5. Ensuring compliance with directive and regulatory documents on labor protection, regulations of educational authorities, state supervision and technical labor inspection.

6. Training of service personnel in labor safety in technical areas. minimum.

7. Checking the availability (updating) of instructions on labor protection and visual propaganda in the classrooms of service labor, chemistry, physics, and computer science.

8. Monitoring the safety of equipment, instruments, technical and visual teaching aids used in the educational process.

9. Certification of classrooms, workshops, gyms, and utility rooms.

10. Monitoring the sanitary and hygienic condition of classrooms, workshops, gyms and other premises, as well as the dining room in accordance with the requirements of life safety standards and regulations.

11. Development and periodic revision of labor protection instructions, as well as sections of life safety requirements in guidelines for performing laboratory and practical exercises.

12. Ensuring the safety of students when organizing excursions and other extracurricular activities.

13. Inclusion of labor safety issues in the collective agreement (agreement).

14. Conducting water safety training for newly hired persons. Registration of the briefing in the journal.

15. Instruction at the workplace with employees of the educational institution. Registration of the briefing in the journal.

16. On-the-job training (initial and periodic) for technical and maintenance personnel.

Ensuring social and psychological safety. Social and psychological service is one of the components of the school’s holistic system of educational activities. The main goal of the service is psychological support for the personal and social adaptation of children and adolescents in the process of studying at school, as well as psychological support for the individualization and humanization of the pedagogical process. One of the tasks of the socio-psychological service is to provide such a psychological climate when children want to study, teachers want to work, and parents do not regret sending their child to this particular school.

The school employs psychologist F.K. Zabirova, who provides, if necessary, psychological support to school students, and also carries out a lot of work to monitor the moral and psychological climate in each class as a whole and the emotional state of individual students.

Thus, the school is doing a lot of work to create safe conditions for preserving the life and health of students and employees, as well as the material assets of the school from possible accidents, fires, breakdowns and other emergencies. Our entire teaching staff, specifically each teacher in and outside of class, is the guarantor of the child’s safety during the educational process.

The meeting is dedicated to one of the current problems of education - the formation in children of a conscious and responsible attitude towards personal safety. The most important task of the family and school is to teach the child to treat himself and the people around him responsibly, to be able to anticipate and recognize dangers, to follow simple rules of personal safety, and to develop models of behavior in extreme situations.

Why exactly today did we touch upon the problem of children’s safe behavior? The point is that your children are entering an age where they are becoming more and more independent. Now they are no longer accompanied to school or to the sports section by their parents. Therefore, it is very important to teach children to behave in such a way as to avoid danger at home, on the street, in nature.

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STUDENT SAFETY AT SCHOOL AND AT HOME.

Speech by a social educator

Chekasheva Natalia Vladimirovna

At the parent lecture on October 24, 2014.

Dear parents!

In the conditions of modern civilization, life safety issues have become extremely acute and have acquired the characteristic features of a survival problem. In the dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov, “security” is defined as “a situation in which there is no danger to anyone or anything.” Unfortunately, modern man is constantly faced with various dangers.

Scientists divide dangers into three groups: natural, man-made and social.

Natural hazards include:

Ø low or high air temperature;

Ø precipitation;

Ø solar radiation;

Ø natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, forest fires, etc.).

Man-made hazards can manifest themselves in the form of breakdowns of technical systems, fires, explosions, etc.
A person can also create a social danger through his actions or inaction.

Hazards created by people include:

Ø war,

Ø terrorism,

Ø socio-political conflicts,

Ø crimes,

Ø drug addiction, alcoholism, etc.

There are potential, i.e. possible, dangers near a person. To prevent them from becoming real, it is necessary not only to know well, but also to promptly eliminate the reasons under which a possible danger can turn into a real one.

Very often, adults do not attach importance to the hidden danger, while showing unforgivable carelessness, which can subsequently cost the lives and health of them, their children, and the people around them.

Exercise. Think and answer a number of questions:

1. Do you always obey traffic rules?

2. Do you check yourself and have you taught your children, when leaving home, to check whether electrical appliances and water are turned off?

3.Have you taught your children the rules of using electrical appliances, a gas stove, etc.?

4. Does your child know emergency phone numbers?

5.Can you commit a rash act in the presence of a child, for example, swimming in an unfamiliar body of water, walking on thin ice, etc.?

6. Do you know how and with whom your child spends his free time?

7. Have you instructed your child how he should behave in case of extreme situations, for example, he got stuck in an elevator or smelled gas in the apartment?

For a complete affirmative answer, give 1 point. If you score less than 7 points, then your attitude to vital issues cannot be called responsible.

Extreme, i.e. situations, unusual in difficulty and complexity, arise suddenly and unexpectedly. Therefore, it is important for every person, adult and child, to know how to behave in such situations. The task of adults is to teach children not to get lost in extreme situations, to be able to choose the correct model of behavior from a safety point of view.

The space surrounding a person can be divided into open (river, street, field, etc.) and closed (elevator, basement, closed room, etc.). In an open space, a child can ask for help, try to get out of the situation himself, or take action to save himself. In a confined space, a child is left with two types of behavior:

Ø call for help

Ø or take rescue measures yourself.

Asking for help is the first option for a child to behave in an extreme situation. Children need to understand and remember who they can turn to in an emergency. Of course, in most cases this will be an adult. Parents need to practice behavior patterns with their children in various critical situations: for example, if you are lost in a store - contact the seller, cashier or security representative, if you are lost in the city - contact a police officer. If there is a fire, call service 01 or 02. The second behavior option is to try to avoid the continuation of a dangerous situation: if you meet a stranger at the entrance, leave the entrance or under no circumstances enter the elevator with him, etc.

It is important that children not only know emergency phone numbers, but also know how to correctly call such a service. For example, if the fire department is called, the child must report what is on fire, address, entrance number, entrance code, last name, telephone number.

In a visible place in the apartment there should also be working telephone numbers of parents, neighbors, relatives, i.e. people whom the child can contact in case of an emergency.

Explain to your child who he has the right to open the door to if he is home alone. How to behave if a stranger rings the doorbell; where the water in the apartment is shut off if a water supply failure occurs in the apartment; where gas and electricity are turned off. A child should know these and other basic safety rules. Feelings of fear, danger, and panic often do not allow adults, and especially children, to make the right decision, that is, to determine specific actions aimed at preserving their own health, their sequence, order.

Therefore, it is important for parents to know that it is not enough to limit themselves to listing possible situations that are dangerous for children. Strong consolidation of the skill of safe behavior occurs in the process of playing out possible models of behavior in extreme situations with children. For example, simulate a situation: there is a fire in the apartment. Play through all the child’s actions and then analyze them together.

Moving on to consider another equally important issue - the prevention of childhood injuries, I must emphasize that primary school age is especially dangerous with regard to injury. It is at this age that a psychological gap arises. Before school, the child was in conditions to which he adapted. Once he enters school, he becomes more independent. The complexity of the situation is that the child is deprived of systematic home care, and he does not yet have the necessary life experience. At the same time, he strives to imitate his elders: he can also jump from a tree, run through a red traffic light, slide down a high slide, etc. Primary school students have much weaker muscle development and coordination of movements than older schoolchildren. But the child wants to assert himself and not seem like a coward in front of his older friends. It often ends in tears.

Theoretically, a child, although sometimes aware of a possible danger in a given situation, is aware of it in general, without relating it to himself. Often a child may simply not be aware of the danger lurking nearby: an open hatch, a deep hole in the yard, etc.

The task of parents and teachers is to teach their children precautions that will help them not find themselves in a risky situation. Of course, we adults are always busy with very important things. We work a lot and are always in a hurry to get somewhere. Only later, when trouble happens to a child, do we curse ourselves for not teaching, not warning, not saving in time.

As a rule, high school students believe that they already know and can do everything. They imagine that city streets are like home to them and they have no need for personal safety skills.

However, children need to learn a few basic rules that will keep them safe when they are alone on the street or in the apartment. And you, dear parents, need to be constantly reminded of these rules, without intimidation, but also without downplaying the danger.

According to psychologists, parents need to be guided by important rules in their upbringing. The main thing is to give children an idea of safe behavior. Remember your responsibility: parents must know where their child is every minute. The child always sees how you take care of your own safety. The most important thing is that a parent must be a person who is trusted, and in no case feared! Even if your child did something wrong, explain how he can correct it, but do not scold him.

Ensuring the safety of children is one of the main tasks of parents. This is more or less possible if the children are near you. But what if this is not always possible? Most of us and our children do not have a culture of safety. Instilling a culture of safety in children is the task of parents. Do not prohibit, do not frighten, but advise, teach.

Child safety while at school

Despite the fact that the school administration is responsible for the life and health of students, the rules and control in schools are becoming stricter, and schoolchildren learn safety rules in life safety lessons (Basics of Life Safety), children still find themselves in unpleasant situations fraught with danger. Be sure to tell your children about the rules of safe behavior at school, this will help avoid many problems. And it’s worth starting with the school charter, which necessarily says that you should move along the stairs carefully, you should not go outside the school building unless necessary, sit on window sills and open windows without the teacher’s permission, of course, do not run along the corridors, do not spill or scatter leftover food, as this could cause someone to fall; smoking, swearing, and drinking alcohol are prohibited. You should also explain to your child that you should not wear expensive jewelry to school, or leave valuables in the locker room, on the desk, or on the windowsills - this will save you from troubles, such as theft. Tell your child that personal items should be kept with them at all times. In case of theft, you need to tell the teacher or administration about everything.

Never rule out the possibility that an unauthorized adult may enter the school. The child should avoid dark corners in the school, basements, utility rooms and attics. And if, upon entering the toilet, a student finds an unfamiliar adult there, he should immediately leave. You need to remember that schools always have a separate toilet for adults. If a child finds himself in a dangerous situation, he needs to report the incident to the teacher as soon as possible. And if your child feels unwell, the teacher should take him to the medical office; if the child has special diseases, the parents should initially tell the teacher and the school medical worker about them.

Explain to your child that you shouldn’t resolve conflicts with classmates with your fists, it’s better to do it peacefully, just by talking, it’s much more effective. Moreover, you should not get involved in other people’s fights; it is better to inform the teacher about what is happening in order to stop the conflict. Also explain that you should not be friends with “bad” schoolchildren - those who carry knives, lighters and dangerous substances. The child needs to inform their parents about such guys and under no circumstances try dangerous substances, even if the kids just offered to try them for free.

Before the abyss of involving a child in drug use, many other pedagogical concerns fade into the background. Even the happiest and most supportive school family cannot exist in isolation from social reality, for which the spread of drugs among young people is increasingly becoming the norm. In our village there are teenagers who use drugs in the form of smoking mixtures - spice. Children cannot be protected from drugs, but they can and should be taught to consciously give up drugs.

We are accustomed to thinking that drugs in our lives are the lot of a dysfunctional family. After all, as parents think: “This won’t happen to my child, we have enough of everything: food, clothing, entertainment. This could happen to anyone, but not to my child, I’m sure of that, I know him well.” Unfortunately, they are often wrong. Be wary if a teenager goes to bed too late and stays in bed longer in the morning, if interest in studies or usual hobbies and hobbies decreases, academic performance decreases, if absenteeism from school occurs. He made new friends of unusual appearance and behavior. If a teenager begs his mother or father for money in ever-increasing quantities, and even more so if money or valuables begin to disappear at home, this is a very alarming sign!

Safety rules when handling electrical appliances

1. Strictly follow the order of connecting electrical appliances to the network - first connect the cord to the device, and then to the network. Turn off the device in the reverse order.

2. Do not insert the plug into the socket with wet hands.

3. Do not use an electric iron, stove, kettle, or soldering iron without special fireproof stands.

4. It is dangerous to use an electrical appliance with damaged cord insulation. If you see a bare wire, a faulty switch, or socket, immediately tell an adult about it.

5. Do not touch the heated water and the vessel (if it is metal) when the heater is plugged in.

6. Do not leave electric heating devices connected to the network unattended.

7. Never pull the electrical wire with your hands.

8. Do not use paper or fabric as a lampshade for a light bulb.

9. When leaving home, turn off the lights and electrical appliances.

Personal safety rules at home

1. Be sure to put all sharp, piercing and cutting objects in their place. Order in the house is not only for beauty, but also for safety.

2. Never try any medications on your own. You may get poisoned.

3. Do not open or try any packages containing household chemicals. This is life-threatening!

4. If you smell gas, follow these rules:

Ø tell an adult;

Ø open windows, vents, doors and ventilate the apartment;

Ø close the taps on the stove;

Ø do not turn the light on or off (if it is on) and do not light matches;

Ø Call 04.

5. Never play outdoor games on the balcony or lean over the balcony railing.

Personal safety rules on the street

1. Do not engage in conversation with strangers or random guys on the street.

2. Don't play on the road when walking home from school.

3. Do not engage in conversation with a drunk person.

4. Be careful when entering your home. Do not enter the entrance or elevator with a stranger.

5. Do not play after dark, or in dark places, vacant lots, landfills, next to the road, or in empty or destroyed buildings.

6. Never get into a car with a stranger.

7. Do not listen to an audio player on the street: with headphones it is impossible to recognize sounds warning of danger (for example, steps behind you, noise in the bushes, etc.).

8. Never agree to an offer from strangers to visit.

Listen to music, watch a video, play on the computer.

9. Report all suspicious cases and everything that happened on the street to your parents.

How to avoid becoming a victim of crime

1. If you find yourself at home alone, do not open the door to a stranger or someone you barely know, no matter who he introduces himself as (a plumber, an electrician, a postman, a policeman, a friend of his parents). Among the many honest and decent people there are also robbers, brigands and swindlers. Talk to any stranger through the door.

2. Don’t get confused if, while in the apartment, you hear someone trying to open the lock of the front door, but ask loudly: “Who’s there?”

3. If strangers continue to open the door, call the police by phone “02”, indicating the exact address, and then from the balcony (window) ask neighbors and passers-by for help.

4. To phone calls asking if parents are home and when they will return from work, you must answer that they are busy and ask who and where to call.

5. When leaving home, do not forget to close the balcony, window and windows, especially if you live on the first or last floor.

6. Do not leave notes at the door of your apartment - this attracts the attention of strangers.

7. Do not brag to your peers about what expensive items you have at home (television, video and radio equipment, clothes, jewelry, etc.), as well as the amount of money.

8. Do not invite strangers or unfamiliar children into your house under any pretext.

9. When asked by strangers whether dad or mom is at home, it is better to answer that the parents are at home now.

At the end of the lecture, I remind you once again:

1. Parents should pay attention to child safety issues every day.

2. Analyze the situation in your apartment from the point of view of children’s safety (is the electrical wiring, kitchen equipment, the strength of hanging shelves, paintings, are medicines, household chemicals, etc., in a safe place). Teach children to use first aid items: iodine, bandage, etc.

3. Conduct a “safety” tour with children in the neighborhood of home and school.

4. Discuss safe behavior reminders with children.

Remember: although your children have grown up, matured a little, they are still so trusting and easily suggestible. Therefore, their safety must largely be ensured by you and me. Our behavior with you is an example for our children. And may there be no unpleasant incidents with you and your children. Teach children to feel, understand, and anticipate the real dangers of life around them. It's difficult. The child's psyche is structured in such a way that the child cannot, does not know how to foresee the possibility of misfortune. Draw his attention to dangerous situations many times every day. Don't be afraid to look boring: that's not the case! I don’t want to think about bad things... We hope that nothing bad will ever happen to any of our parents’ children. But how much work you have to do for this!

Reminder!!!

For a teenager, the ability to organize his free time today is his future character, and therefore his destiny.
Direct contacts between modern children and parents are reduced to a minimum. The reorientation of teenagers in communication from parents to peers is explained not so much by the growing attractiveness of friendship groups, but by the lack of attention and care for teenagers in the parental home.
We, adults, give our children the most delicious things, dress them in the best, protect them from troubles. But we give our free time to them more reluctantly than anything else. (Children rarely communicate with their parents, although they would like to. The main forms of leisure communication are dinner, watching TV, going shopping and markets. The content of communication is short, non-specific conversations about mood, grades, school, current events. Among the “three important life events” "wishes" teenagers name: to go on vacation with their parents; to go to some interesting place; to have a heart-to-heart talk with their parents; to understand each other better).

When sending a child to school, we think every day, is it safe for him there? What conditions? Will he get to school alone and will he come back from school the right way? What if there is a fire? And on TV they talk more and more often about terrorism. How to protect your child from all negative conditions and not worry about the children’s stay at school?

The safety of a child at school is the most important thing throughout the eleven school years.

To be more or less calm for your child, you need to teach him the rules of personal safety.

The safety of the child on the way to school is dominant, because Often the child goes to school alone. Responsibility for getting a child accustomed to going to school lies with the parents.

First, the parent must teach the child a safe route to school:

think over a diagram to better understand the route;
if possible, go to school with classmates;
learn the rules of the road when crossing the road, using a traffic light, or a pedestrian crossing;
if there are several routes to school, choose the safest and most crowded one;
call parents when leaving school and coming home;
do not enter into conversation with strangers, do not get into someone else’s car.

Who is responsible for the safety of children at school?

Responsibility for the safety of children in this case falls on teachers, school administration, and school security.

In addition, ensuring the safety of children at school and outside of school is the subject of studying the subject of life safety (Basics of Life Safety). School-wide parent meetings on the safety of children at school are also held, which are attended not only by teachers, but also by representatives of fire organizations, district police departments, local administration, city education department.

At such meetings, parents are usually introduced to the work of the school on the topic: “Ensuring the safety of children at school”, parents are encouraged to cooperate with teachers in developing safe behavior skills in children, and recommendations are given for the prevention of children’s health.

The safety and health of children is the subject of daily discussions in lessons, from the first grade (when the teacher explains to children how to behave in the corridor, dining room, wardrobe), ending with the eleventh (for each subject the teacher is required to provide introductory instructions on the use of school equipment, chemicals , devices, equipment, electrical safety instructions). To consolidate acquired knowledge on this issue, schools use various visual materials, in particular the “Safety School for Children in Pictures” series. In addition, the children themselves make drawings on the topic of safety.

Ensuring the safety of a child at school consists of several areas:

Fire safety;
Anti-terrorist measures: - ensured to a greater extent by school security (“No unauthorized entry”), - use of turnstiles, - systematic vigils of the class and teachers around the school, including weekends and holidays, - instruction of children when dubious items are found in school, - ban on visiting basements, utility rooms, attics of the school
Information security of children - involves creating conditions to protect children from information that causes any harm to the child.
Educational and everyday safety: - safe movement around the school, - correct use of cutlery in the school cafeteria, - safe use of scissors, compasses, writing instruments in lessons, - proper use of various devices, means, instruments in physics and chemistry lessons.

We will separately consider fire safety, because... a set of such measures is developed directly by government agencies, and supervisory authorities systematically check how satisfactorily the school complies with all requirements. All preventive measures are carried out during the summer holidays before the start of the school year.

Preparation includes the following school safety measures: - appointing a person responsible for fire safety; - drawing up an evacuation plan in case of fire, installing plan diagrams in accessible areas of the school, on each floor; - putting fire-fighting equipment in order: fire extinguishers, fire alarms , boxes with sand, shovels, personal protective equipment; - accessibility of exits for evacuation; - periodic inspection of the school grounds, sports grounds, electrical wiring; - training of teaching staff, school staff and students in fire safety rules; - conducting lessons on fire safety at school for children; - organization of drills for the purpose of training and practicing actions in case of fire; - distribution of educational material on the topic “For children about fire safety”, presentation of presentations on children’s safety at school.

It is also necessary to consider in more detail and depth the information security of children at school. Ensuring the information security of children at school includes 3 areas:

protection of children's personal data;
protecting children from prohibited information (pornographic, suicidal and criminal);
prevention of Internet addiction in children.

How does bullying occur at school, what happens to children who are exposed to it, how should parents and teachers act, and is it possible to teach a child to resist peer attacks? We are trying to find answers to these questions together with professional psychologists.

Human babies are not born with a built-in code of ethics: they still have to be raised by humans. And the children's group is still a flock of cubs: if adults do not interfere, biology reigns in it. Children, as if with an animal sense of smell, smell those who are not like them, and expel them from the pack. A home child, leaving the predictable world of adults, where there are clear and clear rules, finds himself in the wild world of unpredictable peers. And he can encounter anything there: from harmless teasing to systematic beatings and humiliation, which will still echo in nightmares decades later. How to help your child if socialization turns out to be a traumatic experience for him

This is not a child's problem

Many adults remember this from themselves: everyone is against you, the whole world. Teachers don’t care, parents can’t complain: they’ll say “give me back,” and that’s all. These are not the best memories. And they don’t help at all when your child becomes a victim of bullying. Once experienced, pain and anger cloud your eyes and prevent you from being an adult and smart, forcing you to return to childhood, where you are weak, helpless, humiliated and alone against everyone.

Parents, blinded by pain, choose far from the best options to stand up for their child: they try to hurt his offenders. Sometimes this ends in criminal cases against parents. Therefore, professional psychologists help us figure out how to properly solve the problem of “my child is being bullied at school”: Natalya Naumenko, pathopsychologist from Kiev, Moscow psychologist and social teacher Arseny Pavlovsky and Elina Zhilina, child and family psychologist from St. Petersburg.

They all unanimously say that adults—teachers and school administrators—should play the main role in solving the problem of school bullying.

“The school can and should prevent bullying of children and the appearance of outcasts in classes. — says Elina Zilina. “On the contrary, it can help children develop their best qualities, practice good principles of communication: after all, it is at school that the main training of social interaction skills takes place. It is very important that teachers stop bullying in its early stages and do not allow it to take hold; A lot depends on the atmosphere in the school.”

However, as Arseny Pavlovsky notes, “teachers often, without understanding what is going on, punish the one who is being bullied. The child was teased throughout the break, his things were scattered, he rushes at the offenders with his fists - then the teacher comes in, and the offended one turns out to be extreme. It happens that successful children who are liked by teachers are involved in bullying - and the teacher does not believe complaints about children who are in good standing with him. In fact, a teacher can understand the conflict, listen to both sides and support the child who is being bullied. The teacher's position is critical. In general, he should take a clear position not even against the offenders, but against the practice of bullying itself - and not support it himself: do not make fun of the child, do not punish him in vain. And help him. First, provide emotional support. Secondly, such a child’s self-esteem and self-esteem are often at risk - and the teacher can put him in a situation of success, for example, by choosing tasks that the child will do well. He can even organize a support group among children and invite the children to do something good for a classmate.

Alas, teachers usually do not consider it necessary to interfere in children’s conflicts: education must be done at home, and our duty is to teach. However, the Education Law places responsibility for “the life and health of students…. during the educational process” specifically to the school (Article 32, paragraph 3, paragraph 3). The leader in a children's team is an adult. He defines the boundaries of behavior and rules in his lesson. He is responsible for the safety of schoolchildren, and if they beat each other or cause mental trauma, it is his fault. The school should teach not only subjects, but also social interaction skills: negotiating, resolving conflicts peacefully, and dealing without assault.”

“In the lower grades, some children tease others only with the connivance of teachers. Often, teachers not only turn a blind eye to bullying, but also encourage it themselves. Teachers are, as a rule, conformist people*,” notes Natalya Naumenko.
They do not accept what is alien, alien, and may not only be hostile towards one of the children, but also unknowingly provoke other children. Even worse, some teachers use children's hostility for their own purposes - to maintain discipline in the classroom."

If the teacher is bullying

Veronica Evgenievna (all stories in this text are taken from life, but all names have been changed) has child assistants in the fourth grade. They have the right to give other children grades and make diary entries, check their portfolios, and make comments. Timofey, an impulsive and noisy boy who has a habit of shouting stupid things in class, bothers the teacher. She berates him with contemptuous remarks, and this tone is adopted by the girl assistants Olya and Sonya. When Timofey refused to carry out Sonya’s orders, she climbed into his backpack, took the diary and took it to the teacher. Timofey rushed to take it away and beat Sonya. Sonya's parents recorded the beatings at the emergency room and filed a report with the police. Veronika Evgenievna carried out educational work during the lesson: she suggested that the whole class boycott Timofey.

The Education Law clearly states that the use of physical and mental violence is prohibited in the teaching process. In a good way, Veronica Evgenievna’s teaching methods should be the subject of serious investigation at the school, and if the school administration refuses an internal investigation, then the district education department. If parents do not want a public hearing, their only option is to change schools. A child who finds himself in such a situation will not get out of it without adult help: he is still too young to resist an adult who is waging war against him on an equal footing. His parents have yet to teach him to be more mature and wiser than this adult.

At the very beginning of the bullying

From the very beginning, children need to be helped to move away from conflict. In case of verbal aggression, laugh it off, retort (in kindergarten and first grade, there is a clear advantage for the one who has a lot of excuses like “I’m stupid, and you’re smart, you’re on potty duty” or “the first ones are burnt, the second ones are golden”). Calmness and a sharp tongue (caution! no insults!) are a significant advantage, especially when physical strength is unequal.

If something is taken away and they run away, never give chase - that’s the whole point. And in order not to give chase, you should not wear anything valuable and dear to your heart to school. The range of measures if an item is taken away is from a simple “give it back” to a complaint to adults and parental negotiations for compensation. Separately, we need to teach children how to complain: don’t whine, “Why did Ivanov take my pen!” - and ask: “please give me a spare pen, mine was taken away.”

Nine-year-old Fedor is a head shorter than his other classmates and a year younger. Fights are not for him: they will kill you and not notice. Mom and Fedor developed a whole defense strategy. If they tease you, laugh it off; if they take something away, offer it yourself: take it, I still have it. If they attack, warn: move away, stop, I don’t like this, you’re hurting me. Leave. Restrain the aggressor if physically possible. Look for non-trivial solutions: start a scream or throw water on him (you will get punished for this too, but less than for a broken eyebrow or a concussion). Finally, if the use of force is unavoidable, strike after the warning “I’ll hit you now,” preferably in front of witnesses. Fyodor managed: they stopped beating him and began to respect him.

What if the victim is to blame?

Children who are bullied are often characterized by social and emotional immaturity, vulnerability, lack of understanding of unwritten rules, and non-compliance with norms. Therefore, adults are often tempted to blame the child himself for bullying.

“Teachers, when discussing the problem of school bullying, prefer to call it the problem of an outcast,” notes Arseny Pavlovsky. “But this is always a problem of the collective, not of the victim.”

However, it is possible that it is not just a matter of the viciousness of others.

“It would be nice to take a closer look, ask the teachers, invite the school psychologist to attend the lessons and observe. The results are stunning. A child at school may turn out to be completely different from what he is at home,” says Natalya Naumenko.

Senya's parents, Russian-speaking foreign citizens who came to Russia to work, sent their son to a good school with a friendly atmosphere. His classmates started beating him by the end of the first month. The teachers began to find out what was wrong - and they found out: Senya was constantly grumbling and cursing everything around him, from school to the vile, dirty country where he was forcibly brought and left to live among these nonentities.

And with Sasha, a cheerful and cute teenager, no one wanted to sit next to him and work on a joint project. The teachers did not even immediately manage to find out that it was just a matter of personal hygiene: Sasha, who was sweating heavily, did not like to wash or change clothes, and his delicate classmates, without explaining the reason, simply avoided communication.

“If a bullying situation is repeated over and over again in different social circles, we can conclude that the child has some kind of deficit in social skills,” says Arseny Pavlovsky. “And then you definitely need to look for help.” But this is in the long term, you need to work on it for a long time. And here and now - we need to put out the fire that has flared up.”

“In such cases, work with specialists is undoubtedly needed,” advises Natalya Naumenko, “and, most likely, it will be necessary to remove the child from the school environment for six months or a year. Such socialization will still be of no use.

Often, not much is needed to save a child from unpleasant experiences. Buy unscheduled pants for your teenage son so that his hairy ankles don’t stick out from under his now-short trousers. Don’t force a second-grader to go to school in tights, even if it’s convenient for mom: long johns are not in short supply and don’t cost more. Don’t drive an eighth-grader to and from school if you can get there on foot and not through a high-crime area.”

This does not mean that one must sacrifice principles if they are really the issue: rather, it is about ensuring that these principles and considerations of convenience do not make a laughing stock of children.

The child does not need to be altered to please others: if curing a chronic runny nose or at least teaching a child to use handkerchiefs to prevent snot from running out of his nose is relatively realistic, then making him lose weight is much more difficult. You cannot instill in a child that he can be disliked and persecuted for his otherness. “This is how sensitivity to external assessment is formed,” says Natalya Naumenko. “You cannot adjust your qualities to the assessment of other people; this is not where self-acceptance should be formed.”

What to do with someone else's child?

Parents, when interacting with other people’s children, swing from one extreme to another: they turn a blind eye to a collective beating two meters away from them, because they are not responsible for raising other people’s children. Sometimes they throw their fists at the offenders of their child, because they are ready to immediately break for their own. And they teach their people to solve all problems with their fists: “and you hit him hard.” And from here heavy showdowns begin, often with the involvement of law enforcement agencies.

A typical situation: second-grader Zhenya pushes the girl Masha in the school lobby while they both choose a place to sit and change their shoes. Masha falls. Grandma pushes Zhenya and calls him an idiot. Zhenya falls. The grandmother helps Masha up and tells the crying Zhenya to stay away from her granddaughter. Emotions prevent her from being an adult and from fighting with the child on equal terms.

Children who are acting up must be calmly and firmly stopped. If someone else's child is rude and rude, you should not stoop to his level. You cannot threaten him or use profanity. It is best to hand it over to the parents and talk with them, ideally in the presence and with the mediation of teachers. Important: you should not grab other people’s children unless their behavior threatens someone’s life or health.

Inner sun

Many scientific studies link school bullying to family dysfunction and regional economic distress. The child’s internal troubles are looking for a way out - and the “not like that” sitting next to him turns out to be an easy victim: bespectacled, non-Russian, lame, fat, nerdy. And if it is not so easy to hook a happy and beloved child, then it is easy to hook an unhappy child: he is all a vulnerable spot. A happy person will not pay attention to other people's stupidity; the unfortunate one will howl, rush in pursuit - and provide the offender with the fireworks of emotions that he was looking for.

So a very good way to make your child invulnerable is to surround him, as in Harry Potter, with the powerful protection of parental love. When you understand that you can be loved, when you have a sense of self-esteem, you are not so easily enraged by the words “a bespectacled person has a ball in his butt”: think about it, nonsense. It is mom and dad who must raise this inner sun in their child: life is good, they love me, I am good and I have the right to live and be loved. Every child is a child of God, the fruit of His love, in each is His breath.

Parents, however, from early childhood - with the best intentions, of course - extinguish this inner sun, endlessly reproaching the child for his shortcomings and being stingy with kind words. The child is shamed, accused and emotionally blackmailed, without seeing the line that cannot be crossed. Beyond this line, the child understands that he is insignificant, he has no right to live. He is endlessly ashamed of himself, he is to blame for being like this. The most harmless teases hurt him deeply. He has already started the process of victimization - becoming a victim.

Calm, just calm!

Seryozha wants to piss Dima off. He is pleased with his power over Dima. When Dima gets mad, blushes and yells, Seryozha rejoices - as if he blew up a firecracker: bang - bang - and confetti flies. Dima cannot remain silent. He seeks to wipe Seryozha off the face of the earth. Mom is trying to convince Dima that there is no need to react so violently, that he can laugh it off, leave, and remain silent. But it seems to Dima that keeping silent is not cool: he needs to hit him hard so that he won’t be considered a weakling.

You can also deal with this: say, watch films about heroes together and pay attention not to those episodes where the hero beats everyone, but to those where he is required to have restraint and composure. In this sense, films about spies and super agents are ideal. However, even Carlson with his tactics of demotion, smoking and fooling around is a good help.

Cultural norms require that the child be strong and not give in to offenders, while civilizational norms do not encourage violence; If you don’t hit back, you’re a weakling; if you hit, they’ll drag you to the police nursery. No matter what you do, you will be wrong. “If you don’t know what to do, act according to the law,” Natalya Naumenko recalls the old truth.

“A child is always very tempted to respond with force to force,” notes psychologist Elina Zhilina. - He can be taught not to respond, to physically leave, to ignore the offender. And if you answer, it will be on a different level. This is difficult because it requires a fairly high level of self-awareness and self-confidence. But you can teach a child from an early age to see what is behind the actions of another person, to understand his motives and sometimes even feel sorry: you are unhappy for being so angry. This is useful, especially if you manage to achieve not proud, contemptuous pity, but sincere sympathy: how hard his life is, that such dirty tricks come out of him.”

If parents are Christians, they have a chance to teach their child that humility and meekness are not weakness, but colossal inner strength. That turning the other cheek means showing that violence cannot destroy you, that it does not harm you in any way, does not hurt you. It can be difficult for children to accommodate this: they prefer “an eye for an eye.” Parents still have to cultivate this fortitude in them - and while it is not there, the child must be taught to cope with insults differently.

“It’s important to convey a simple idea to the child: if someone says nasty things about you, it’s not your problem, but theirs,” says Natalya Naumenko. “Teaching a child to react correctly to insults without rushing into battle on every occasion will not work quickly.” This is painstaking work, it takes three to four months. And sometimes it is necessary to remove a child from an environment where he is being bullied. If there is no acceptance of the environment, you cannot work on self-esteem. You can take your child to family education, to external studies and return him to school later. It often happens that it is not the child who is to blame for bullying, but the environment. For example, the classic version of the ugly duckling story involves a gifted child at school in a socially disadvantaged area. We, adults, can choose the environment for ourselves - we can quit a job where we are humiliated. Children don't have this opportunity. But we can help them by finding an environment where they will be accepted.”

Finally, it is imperative to talk to children who have experience of bullying and experience of undeserved suffering—all experts insist on this. Maybe not everyone will need psychological or psychiatric help, but everyone needs help to survive and process this traumatic experience so that it does not cripple, but makes them stronger

Harmony and Forgiveness

In preparing this article, I had to read quite a lot of scientific research on school bullying. I was shocked by an American study that stated: in 85% of cases of bullying, surrounding adults and children watch it indifferently and do not intervene. At the same time, Finnish, Canadian and other scientists claim that witnesses to bullying can radically influence what is happening if they do not remain silent and sit on the sidelines. At the same time, protecting the victim is not as effective as stopping the offender. This means, in an amicable way, our children must be taught not only to resist those who offend them personally, but also not to offend others, not to leave them alone in trouble. I remember how at a meeting in my son’s first grade, the teacher said: “I said: Alice, look, you’re behaving so badly, no one wants to be friends with you. Raise your hands - who wants to sit with Alice? Nobody raised their hand. And only Sasha, the smallest one, stood up and said: “I will be friends with Alice.” He just taught me a lesson.”

Help and support from friends helps reduce victimization among victims of bullying. Swedish scientists from the University of Gothenburg in Gothenburg interviewed adult victims of school bullying: what finally stopped it? The two most popular answers were “teacher intervention” and “moving to another school.”

Finally, a Hong Kong study drew attention: employees of the Faculty of Education at the University of Hong Kong, as a means of preventing school bullying, suggest educating children in the spirit of “the values of harmony and forgiveness at the school-wide level in order to cultivate a harmonious school culture.” It would seem that Hong Kong does not belong to Christian culture at all. But it is there that they consider it necessary to teach schoolchildren to live in harmony with themselves and forgive others - something that we not only forget about, but don’t even think about at all.

We must learn to forgive. After all, resentment and anger live in the offended soul for years, poisoning it and not allowing it to rise. But how to forgive is a completely different topic.

Who is being bullied?

About 20-25 % of schoolchildren become victims of constant or episodic bullying, with boys more often than girls. A typical victim of bullying is a student at a school in a socially disadvantaged area, a child from an unhappy family, who often quarrels with his parents and is thinking about running away from home. 80 % of victims of systematic bullying are constantly in a depressed mood

(According to research conducted at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada).

Who is poisoning

Most often, children who are abused at home and subjected to violence become abusers. Such children usually try to dominate others. They are more likely than their peers who are not involved in bullying to have mental problems and behavioral problems, and are prone to oppositional and defiant behavior.

(Based on studies conducted at a psychiatric hospital in Mexico City, Mexico; at the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Rochester, USA; at the Institute of Clinical Medicine in Tromsø, Norway).

Children with medical problems are at risk

Health problems make children easy targets for their peers. Children who are obese are most often bullied, but not only them: among the victims of bullying are the visually impaired, the hearing impaired, those with a limp, etc.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tics, and Tourette syndrome are at increased risk of bullying (almost a quarter of them are bullied). There is a vicious circle here: the stronger the child’s tics and hysterics, the stronger the bullying; bullying worsens tics and leads to more frequent tantrums. The situation is even worse for children with Asperger syndrome (an autism spectrum problem): up to 94% of such children are bullied. The reasons for bullying are roughly clear: children have difficulty with human contact, they do not understand the rules of social interaction, they behave inappropriately and seem stupid and strange to their peers, for which they are ostracized.

(According to studies conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; University of Queensleigh, Australia; University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA).

Bullying harms health and academic performance

22 % of middle school students complain of decreased academic performance due to bullying.

Victims of bullying are 2-3 times more likely to suffer from headaches and illness. All participants in bullying—both bullies and victims, but especially victims—have significantly higher rates of thoughts of suicide and self-harm than their non-bullying peers. Boys who are bullied are four times more likely to physically harm themselves than those who are not bullied.

(According to ABC News; National Center for Suicide Research, Ireland; University of Warwick, UK; National Alliance on Mental Illness NAMI, USA).

Long-term effects of bullying

Although boys are more than twice as likely to be bullied as girls, the long-term effects are worse for girls. They are more likely than boys to develop post-traumatic stress disorder - the body's reaction to mental trauma. This disorder affects victims of terrorist attacks, veterans returning from war, people who survived wars, genocide, and natural disasters. Clinical symptoms of this disorder are observed in approximately 28 % of boys and 41 % of girls who were bullied at school.

Girls who have been victims often end up in psychiatric clinics as adults and take antipsychotics, tranquilizers and antidepressants, and this in no way depends on whether they were mentally healthy at the time the bullying began or not.

Bullying at school, like domestic violence, increases the victim's risk of developing borderline personality disorder.

Victims of school bullying, regardless of their gender, are twice as likely as their peers to be beaten as adults.

(According to studies conducted at the University of Åbo, Finland; University of Stavanger, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine in Tromsø, Norway; a joint study of the University of Warwick, UK, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany and Harvard University, USA).

Personal safety reminder for schoolchildren

Calling emergency help by phone

01 - unified rescue service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia (fire protection)

02 - police

03 - ambulance

04 - emergency gas service

8-800-2000-122 - general children's helpline

On the way to and from school:

1. avoid leaving home and school alone, preferably accompanied by adults;

2. avoid walking through a forest or park;

3. if you feel like you are being followed, go to the other side of the road, go to a store, to a bus stop, or contact any adult; if a company comes towards you, go to the other side, trying not to enter into conflict;

4. be wary of persons posing as utility workers, repair workers, or retailers who suddenly meet along the way;

5. if you want to go somewhere along the way, be sure to notify your parents with whom or to whom you are going (if possible, indicate the address and telephone number) and at what time you will return;

6. if your route goes along the roadway, go towards the traffic; if the car slows down, move away from it;

7. if you are stopped and asked to show the way, do not get into the car, try to explain in words;

8. If a stranger tries to treat you with something or offers you something, politely refuse;

9. if a stranger introduced himself as a friend of his parents or relatives, do not rush to invite him home, ask him to wait for them to arrive outside; do not enter the entrance alone if there are strangers in it;

10. do not enter the elevator with strangers; If the door of your apartment is unexpectedly open, do not rush to enter, go to your neighbors and call home.

At home:

1. ask your friends and acquaintances to warn you about their visit by phone;

2. if they call your apartment, do not rush to open the door, first look through the peephole and ask: “Who?” (regardless of who is at home);

3. do not open the door to the answer: “I”, ask the person to identify himself; if you don’t know the person who came, but he introduced himself as a friend of his relatives who is not at home at the moment, ask him to come another time and do not open the door;

4. if a person calls an unfamiliar name, saying that he was given this address, explain that a mistake occurred without opening the door;

5. if a stranger introduced himself as an employee of the housing office, post office and other services, ask him to give his last name, the reason for coming, then call him at work, and only after receiving confirmation of his identity, open the door;

6. if a stranger asks permission to use the phone to call the police or ambulance, do not rush to open the door - you yourself can call the police and ambulance;

7. if a group of people has gathered on your landing, drinking alcohol or starting a fight, without making contact with them, call the police;

8. Do not leave notes on the doors of the apartment about where you went and when you will return.

In the shop:

1. count your cash before leaving home;

2. do not tell anyone about how much money you have;

3. if you have a large amount of money with you, ask your relatives to accompany you;

4. do not enter a utility room, tent, or car without an accompanying person;

5. When paying, do not show all the money you have.

Memo for students on traffic rules

1. Walk only on the sidewalk!

2. Cross the street in places where there are crossing lines or signs, and where there are none - at intersections along the sidewalk line.

3. When crossing the street, look left, right, and when you reach the middle, look right again.

4. On streets and roads where traffic is regulated, cross the roadway only when the traffic light is green or the traffic controller gives permission.

5. Do not cross the road in front of nearby vehicles.

6. Do not go out onto the roadway because of a standing car or other obstruction to your view; as a last resort, stop and look carefully at what is there...

7. When crossing the street, you should not have a lively conversation - conversations distract your thoughts and eyes from observation.

8. Do not play games or skate, ski or sled on the roadway!

You know! Bicycles, rollerblades and skateboards can only be ridden in the yard or on special areas. Running out onto the road after a ball or a dog is dangerous!

You know! You must be very careful when crossing the road! The safest crossings are underground and overground. If they are not there, it is better to cross the zebra crossing. If there is no crosswalk or traffic light at the intersection, ask an adult to help you cross the road.

You know! You can only cross the street when the traffic light is green. But even when the signal is green, never start moving immediately. First, make sure that the cars have time to stop and the path is safe. You know! If there is a bus at a stop, do not go around it either in front or behind. We must wait until he drives away and only then begin the transition.

You know! You need to be especially careful when there are obstacles blocking your view. A car, stall, or bushes standing near the sidewalk can hide a moving car behind them. Therefore, make sure that there is no danger, and only then cross.

INSTRUCTIONS

If you find a suspicious (explosive) object

Signs of explosive objects may include:

1. An ownerless bag, briefcase, box, package, part, any item found at school, in the entrance, at the door of the apartment, under the stairs, in the car and public transport;

2. Stretch wire or cord;

3. Wires or electrical tape hanging from under the machine.

Be aware that ordinary household items are used as dummy explosive devices: bags, packages, packages, boxes, toys, etc. In all of the above cases, it is necessary: do not touch, do not open, do not move the find; move to a safe distance; report the find to the teacher, parents, police officer, driver, train driver.

In case of fire and panic

1. Don't panic, act thoughtfully.

2. Beware of the crowd rushing to the exit. Remember that almost everywhere there are emergency and emergency exits.

3. Don't try to save your things - life is more valuable than them.

4. Remember that there are fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment in special places. Considering such situations, learn to use them in advance.

About safety measures at home and on the street during holidays and weekends

1. Leave home only with parental permission.

2. When organizing outdoor games with friends, remember about the capabilities of your body and the safety measures of others.

3. Watch your behavior: be attentive and polite to others.

4. Do not participate in companies where they may drink strong drinks, play cards, etc.

5. Do not touch unfamiliar objects, do not touch explosive objects.

6. Practice safety precautions when running errands around the house.

7. Follow the rules of the hostel: do not play loud music late, do not drive vehicles without a muffler, do not shout loudly.

About safety when communicating with animals

1. Don't show that you're afraid of the dog.

2. Never run away from the dog. She may mistake you for game and hunt you.

3. Remember that wagging your tail does not always mean your dog is in a friendly mood.

4. If you want to pet a dog, ask the owner for permission. Stroke it carefully, without making sudden movements.

5. Do not feed other people's dogs or touch them while eating or sleeping.

6. Do not approach a dog sitting on a leash.

7. Do not approach large guard dogs. They are often trained to lunge at people who come close.

8. Do not touch puppies or try to take away objects the dog is playing with.

9. After petting a dog or cat, be sure to wash your hands with soap.

10. Don’t go close to someone else’s cow or bull.

11. If you meet a herd of cows on the way, go around it.

12. Be careful around calves. Their horns itch and can cause serious injury.

About safety measures when traveling by transport

1. It is prohibited to travel on unequipped vehicles for transporting people.

2. When traveling, the entire class is prohibited from using personal vehicles (bicycles, motorcycles, etc.).

3. When traveling in transport, be calm, attentive, and strictly observe discipline.

4. Unquestioningly follow the instructions of your elder.

5. Don’t rush to go, don’t create a crowd.

6. Dress appropriately for the time of year, keep an eye on your belongings and the person sitting next to you.

7. Do not leave without the permission of your elders.

About water safety

1. Do not stand or play in places where you could fall into the water.

2. Don’t go into a deep place if you don’t know how to swim or are a poor swimmer.

3. Never dive in unfamiliar places. It is unknown what may be there at the bottom.

4. Never play games where you hold your “enemy” underwater - he may choke.

5. Do not attempt to swim on homemade rafts or other floating devices. They may not support your weight or may tip over.

6. Rocking the boat, walking on it or leaning over the side is very dangerous, as this can cause the boat to capsize.

7. Don’t swim far from the shore and don’t swim across a body of water for a dare.

8. If your leg starts to cramp in the water, don’t panic, try to pull the foot of your cramped leg towards you with your hand as hard as possible by the big toe.

9. When you see a drowning person, call adults for help, don’t be shy to shout loudly, attracting the attention of others. Look around to see if there are any life-saving equipment at hand. Or it could be anything that floats on the water and that you can throw to a drowning person. If possible, try to reach the drowning person with your hand, a thick rope.

For pedestrian

1. The most dangerous intersections on the road, high-speed areas, areas of limited visibility, ice.

2 Don't cross the street at a red light, even if there are no cars in sight. h! Cross the road after looking in both directions - first left, then right.

4 . Don't run out into the road because of an obstacle.

5. At a stop, when crossing the road, go around the bus and trolleybus from behind, and trams in front.

6. Walk only on the sidewalk, but if there is no sidewalk and you have to walk on the side of the road, choose the side on which cars are coming TO MEET you.

About personal safety on the street

1. Never go for a walk without asking. Parents should always know where you are.

2. Don't play outside late. Incidents most often occur in the dark.

3. Do not agree to go with unfamiliar children or adults to someone else’s house, yard, or vacant lot...

4. Never talk to strangers on the street. Also never

talk to drunk people. Don't get in the car with them.

5. Do not accept treats from strangers.

6. If you see any object on the street: a box, a bag, a package, do not touch it.

7. If someone is walking or running after you on the street, and it’s far from home, run to the nearest crowded place.

8. Never brag that your parents have a lot of money.

9. Don't invite strangers home.

10. Don't be late on the way home from school.

Fire safety

1. Don’t play around with matches and lighters.

2. When leaving a room or home, do not forget to turn off electrical appliances.

3. Do not dry laundry over the stove.

4. Never light fireworks, candles or sparklers without an adult.

5. Do not approach the stove or open the stove door without adults.

THE MAIN WAY TO PROTECT AGAINST FIRE IS NOT TO BE THE CAUSE OF IT YOURSELF.

REMEMBER:

1. When you smell smoke, find out where it is coming from.

2. If a fire occurs, call 9-01, tell the person on duty: what is burning, the exact address, your name, write down the name of the person on duty.

3. If the fire is small, try to deal with it yourself using available means.

4. Do not open windows and doors in a burning room.

5. Do not extinguish electrical or household appliances that are plugged in with water. wires.

6. In case of fire, not only fire is dangerous, but also smoke.

7. Leave the apartment immediately. To protect yourself from fire, throw a wet blanket and coat over yourself.

What to do if you find yourself hostage to terrorists?

1. Try to understand what terrorists want, determine for yourself which of them is the most dangerous.

2. You must follow all the instructions of the leader; you should not appeal to the conscience of the terrorists.

3. If someone is wounded and needs help, and you can provide it, ask the senior terrorist to come over and contact him:

“You can save one life. This will count towards you someday. Be reasonable. Let me help the unfortunate man."

Speak calmly. But don't insist on your own.

5. Try to avoid contact with terrorists if they require you to

“complicity” in certain actions. All other demands of terrorists must be fulfilled strictly and accurately.

6. Don’t rush anyone or push anyone to take rash actions. Behave obediently, calmly and peacefully.

7. If it occurs to you that the terrorist is bluffing and has a dummy in his hands, do not check it! A mistake could cost you your life.

8. If there is an explosion nearby, do not rush to leave the room. You will unwittingly find yourself a target for a capture group.

9. Try to remember everything you see and hear: names, nicknames, etc. Your testimony will be very important for the investigation.

REMEMBER - THERE ARE NO WAY-OUT POSITIONS. YOU JUST NEED TO BE PATIENT AND RELY ON YOUR PRUDENCE.

Transport safety measures

1.If there are no empty seats, try to stand in the center of the aisle. Hold on

hold the handrail with your hand while moving, otherwise you risk when pushing

lose your balance, and if you stop suddenly, fall or hit yourself.

2. Look where emergency and emergency exits are located (useful in case of an accident or fire).

3.Don't forget about your bag.

4.Do not stand near the exit; in case of a crowd, you may be accidentally pushed out

the roadway if the doors are not tightly closed.

5. When exiting a vehicle, try not to push or step on passengers.

feet and avoid getting run over by the wheels.

6. Use seat belts in the car.

IN CASE OF AN ACCIDENT:

If there is a crush and panic at the exit, use the emergency window by pulling out the special cord and pushing out the glass (instructions on the windows). If a fire breaks out on a bus, tram or trolleybus:

1. Immediately report the fire to the driver.

2.Try to open the doors using the emergency door opener. As a last resort, break the window.

3. Remember that there is a fire extinguisher in the cabin.

4. Protect your mouth and nose from smoke with a handkerchief, scarf, or hem of your dress. Bend down when getting out of the burning cabin.

5. Do not touch metal parts in a trolleybus or tram - in the event of a fire they may be under electrical voltage.

REMEMBER:

During an accident, the most dangerous place in a car is next to the driver. Children under 12 years old are NOT allowed to sit there! Try your best get out quickly, as the car may catch fire (especially when it has turned over). If the door is jammed, get out through the window.