Electronic money and payment systems. Electronic money

Electronic money was introduced to simplify payments on the Internet. They are used to pay remote workers (freelancers) and pay for goods and services. Usually people come across them when they are planning to make money online. After all, this is the money that is used to pay for labor.

Electronic money is a means that is used to pay for goods and services on the Internet, and it has the same value as real money.

For example, I want to make translations from English via the Internet. I find a website where I can take orders and start working. Let's say I completed an order and some amount was credited to me. In order to receive it, you need to have a personal electronic wallet. I indicate it on the site, and the money I earn comes to this wallet. Then you can spend them online or receive them in cash.

Types of electronic money

All types of electronic money will not be considered here, otherwise it won’t be an article, but a whole book (there are too many of them). I will tell you only about the most popular ones, and, therefore, about those that are used by the majority.

Yandex money

Yandex.Money is the most popular online payment system in Russia. Instant payments, payment for goods and services on the Internet, transfer to a bank account or bank card.

Principle of operation . First you need to register. This is done in the same way as on other sites. After registration, you are immediately given a wallet number - this is a long set of numbers. It must be indicated for mutual settlements.

Example (part of the number is hidden):

That's all - the wallet immediately starts working. You can top it up and pay for goods and services online. And also receive and send money transfers.

On a note . If you have mail on Yandex, then you don’t have to register at all. Just go to your inbox and click on the “Money” link at the top.

The wallet is managed through the system website money.yandex.ru

How to top up your account:

• Via a bank card;
• Via mobile;
• Cash at Sberbank, Euroset, Svyaznoy.

In addition, there are other ways to replenish: through Internet banking, bank transfer, other electronic money, through transfer systems (CONTACT, Unistream, City, Russian Post).

How to withdraw money:

• Withdraw to a bank card.
• Send to bank account.
• Receive cash through Western Union and Unistream.

Directly on the Yandex.Money website you can pay for telephone, Internet, any receipts, traffic police fines, taxes, utilities, repay a loan and much more.

You can also order a bank card. Then you will receive a real plastic card by mail, tied to your wallet. This makes it possible to withdraw Yandex.Money in cash from ATMs and pay with it in regular stores.

The system also allows you to open a virtual card for free. This is an analogue of a plastic card, but it can only be used on the Internet: pay for purchases on a site where cards are accepted for payment (eBay, App Store, Google Play and others).

On a note . When you register, you receive a Yandex account along with your wallet. This means also mail, Yandex.Disk (cloud storage) and access to other services.

Webmoney

Webmoney is the largest electronic payment system in Russia. Payment for services, transfers, loans. WebMoney is available not only in Russian rubles, but also in other currencies: dollars, euros, hryvnia, Belarusian rubles, Kazakh tenge.

Principle of operation . We register and immediately receive a number in the system, which is called WMID. Next, you will need to create a wallet in the desired currency. There can be several of them, both for one currency and for different ones. Each wallet will have its own unique number. This is what you need to send and receive money.

You can attach a bank card, bank account or e-wallet from another system to WMID. You can also issue a virtual card for making purchases on the Internet.

Account management occurs through the webmoney.ru website or mobile application. You can also use a special computer program called Keeper WinPro, but it is more difficult to work with.

Among the disadvantages, it should be noted that this system is not as simple as others. It seems that it is written in an accessible way, but in practice difficulties arise. All these certificates, restrictions, types of wallets. In general, it takes some time to figure it out.

PayPal

PayPal is the most popular electronic money system in the world. Suitable for payments between foreigners and purchases in foreign online stores (eBay and others).

Principle of operation . Register on the site. This procedure is more complicated than in other systems - you need to provide your full data (full name, address, phone number, etc.). After this, the system will open an account. It does not have a number; the email address specified during registration will be used instead.

To pay for purchases and services via PayPal, you need to link a plastic card to your account on the site. The money will be debited directly from her.

If you plan not to spend, but to receive money, then it will be credited to an internal account in the system. Then you can withdraw them to your bank account.

Management occurs through your personal account on paypal.com or through a mobile application.

Qiwi

Qiwi is another popular system in Russia. Very convenient for personal use. Simple, intuitive.

Registration takes place using a mobile phone number, which is an account in the system. This account can be easily topped up through a payment terminal, with a bank card or from your mobile balance.

You can issue a virtual or regular plastic card, pay directly on the website for a lot of services (telephone, Internet, games, credit, etc.), send a money transfer. In general, do almost everything the same as in the Yandex.Money system.

Account management occurs through your personal account on the website qiwi.com or through a mobile application.

Which system to choose

For work . On the Russian-speaking Internet, Webmoney or Yandex.Money is most often used, on the English-speaking Internet - PayPal. If you have a choice, I recommend choosing Yandex.Money. They are easier to put on and take off. And the system itself is simpler.

For life . If electronic money is needed to pay for games, buy OKs on Odnoklassniki or Golosov on VKontakte, then it is better to choose QIWI or Yandex.Money.

Through these systems, you can instantly issue a virtual card and make payments throughout the Internet, including on foreign sites (ebay, aliexpress and others).

Safety

Despite the fact that electronic money systems are currently very reliable, users still manage to lose their money. The reason is either ignorance of the banal rules of safe work on the network, or laziness. Therefore, below I will give simple but effective methods of protection.

Antivirus. Such a program must be installed on your computer. And it is imperative that it be updated, that is, it always has up-to-date anti-virus databases. It is better, of course, to use paid products like Kaspersky Anti-Virus, but if this is not possible, use free Avast.

Strong password. Use a password of at least eight characters. It is better if these are both letters and numbers. Moreover, the letters are both uppercase and lowercase. Do not use your date of birth, phone number, or other personal information in your password.

Identification. This is a procedure that allows the payment service to see you as a respectable user. It concerns mainly Russian electronic money systems. Its meaning is that you need to indicate real passport data and show the document to an authorized person. Then your status will change and this will give certain advantages.

In addition, this will provide additional protection against scammers. After all, according to the law, if money is stolen from the account of an identified user, the system is obliged to return it (provided that he contacts the support service no later than 24 hours after the money is written off and the system confirms the fact of hacking).

In Yandex.Money and QIWI, the procedure for confirming your identity is called identification, and in Webmoney it is called certification.

By the way, many payment services greatly reduce the opportunities for “anonymous” users. For example, Yandex.Money prohibits such users from receiving and sending funds to other wallets, or making transfers to bank cards and accounts.

Address verification. Before entering your wallet number (login) and password to log in, check whether the site is open correctly.

Fraudsters often send fake emails purporting to be from the electronic money support service. For example, that a payment has been received into your account or, conversely, that the account has been blocked. Such messages may look very believable, but when you click on the link from the letter, a fraudulent site opens. Moreover, it usually looks the same as the real thing.

Only the site address is different. And if the user does not notice this and enters his data, the attacker will immediately receive it and be able to withdraw money. Therefore, before logging into your wallet, look at the address bar of your browser. The correct payment system address must be written there.

An example of a correct Yandex.Money address:

Additional protection. If the payment service has additional protection, you should enable it. This is done in the wallet settings. Usually this is login protection or confirmation of payments via SMS message. That is, until the code sent in the message is entered, the operation will not be performed. In this case, even if an attacker enters your password, he will not be able to withdraw anything from the account.

And most importantly: never give out your wallet password or card details!

And finally

Commissions. Almost every system has commissions. They charge some percentage for deposits, transfers, and withdrawals from the account. To avoid surprises, carefully read the information on the website - everything is written there.

Spend, don't save.. Electronic money is not backed by government gold reserves. We can say that this is an idea of ​​this or that organization, and only it is responsible for them. Therefore, they should be used only as a means of payment, and not as a savings account. You should also not make large payments with such money.

P.S.

Often people actively use the Internet, but they do not have any electronic money. And this is normal, because now almost all goods and services can be paid for by card. This is much easier than creating some kind of wallets and understanding them.

But if you are going to earn money on the Internet or order services from other people, then electronic currency is the first thing you will have to deal with. After all, this is the simplest and safest method of payment.

It should be noted that electronic money in many educational publications is considered not as a separate type of money, but as a type of credit money (as well as plastic cards). Theoretically, this can be considered correct, but we considered it necessary to separate them into a separate type of money due to the uniqueness of their form, specific manifestations of functioning, active development and undoubted prospects. Electronic money is gradually beginning to crowd out credit money itself.

Electronic money was a product of the rapid development of economics and technology. Since the last quarter of the 20th century. they have become an actively developing reality. Their idea was first formulated in 1970 during the introduction of the first digital signature systems. Analysis of the evolution of forms and types of electronic money indicates that their form, appearance, functions and involvement in substitutes (surrogates) are changing.

Cash substitute, almost money (English) pear-topeu)– a substitute for full-fledged money, preserving its most important properties.

Money surrogate- a substitute for full-fledged money, which has only some of its properties and is introduced into circulation by business entities arbitrarily for the purpose of making payments.

So, from the late 60s to the second half of the 80s. XX century were used non-cash electronic money- first in the form of entries on accounts in bank computers, then in the form of electronic impulses on a plastic card. The first non-cash electronic money was a monetary substitute, and its functions were reduced to traditional ones - a measure of value, a means of payment and a means of storage. But plastic cards no longer serve as a store of value - they are a money surrogate.

In the early 1990s and the first half of the 2000s. appeared cash electronic money in the form of electronic impulses on a technical device (electronic wallet, digital money). Already in 1995, 90% of all bank payments in the United States were carried out electronically. Currently, electronic money circulates in 37 countries around the world. In Europe, there is the Electronic Money Institute (ELMI), which controls the issuance of electronic money. Now electronic money plays the role of a monetary substitute, performing almost all the functions of money - not only a measure of value, a means of circulation and payment, but also a means of storage.

Electronic money (electronic money)– these are the monetary obligations of the issuer in electronic form, which are on an electronic medium at the user’s disposal. They are issued by the issuer upon receipt of funds from other persons in the amount of the issued monetary value and are accepted as a means of payment by other (besides the issuer) organizations.

Similar interpretations of electronic money were proposed by specialists from the European Central Bank, the Bank for International Settlements, Directive of the European Parliament of September 18, 2000 No. 2000/46/EC, and individual economists (B. Friedman, M. King, B. Cohen, O. Issing, C. Goodhart, M. Woodford, L. Meyer). Basically, electronic money is defined as “the electronic storage of monetary value using a technical device for making payments not only to the issuer, but also to other participants.” By technical we mean an electronic device belonging to the holder (a card with a microprocessor or a PC hard drive).

In Russia, the regulatory document for the electronic payment industry is the Federal Law of June 27, 2011 No. 161-FZ “On the National Payment System”. It establishes the definition of electronic money (EMF), formulates basic requirements for the transfer of EMF, as well as for electronic money operators. The legal definition of electronic money is as follows: " Electronic cash– funds that are previously provided by one person... to another person, taking into account information about the amount of funds provided without opening a bank account... to fulfill the monetary obligations of the person who provided the funds to third parties and in relation to which the person who provided the funds funds, has the right to transmit orders exclusively using electronic means of payment" (Article 3 of the Law).

As you can see, one of the signs of electronic money is its transfer without opening a bank account. Translation of EDS is carried out electronic money operator. An electronic money operator in Russia can only be a bank (credit organization), including a non-bank credit organization that has the right to carry out money transfers without opening bank accounts and other banking operations related to them (Article 12 of the Law). At the beginning of 2014, 82 electronic money operators were registered in the Russian Federation.

It should be distinguished from electronic money electronic means of payment. This is a means and (or) method that allows a client of a money transfer operator to draw up, certify and transmit orders for the purpose of transferring funds within the framework of applicable forms of non-cash payments using information and communication technologies, electronic storage media, including payment cards, as well as other technical devices.

Thus, two technological types of electronic money can be distinguished - based on prepaid smart cards (smait card-based) and on base prepaid software products using computer networks (network-based). Card-based money is called electronic wallets (e-purses), and based on networks - digital cash.

Since mid-2014, prepaid bank cards can only be used for electronic money transactions. The most well-known card-based systems are Visa Cash, Proton, Mondex, private payment systems CLIP, WebMoney, Yandex.Money, RBK Money, Single (QIWI) wallet, PayPal, e-Gold, i-Free, etc. Electronic money itself represents is the electronic equivalent of real money. For example, the electronic money of the WebMoney system is equivalent to dollars, rubles and euros; money in the e-Gold system is the equivalent of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum).

In Russia, the law allows the use of the following electronic means of payment (electronic wallets): unpersonalized(anonymous), personalized And corporate electronic wallets. Limits and restrictions are established on volumes and transactions, as well as on transfers between wallets. Without personal identification, you can transfer up to 15 thousand rubles. No more than 40 thousand rubles can be transferred anonymously per month. More than 100 thousand rubles. cannot even be in a personalized electronic wallet. It is prohibited to transfer funds from corporate electronic wallets to anonymous ones and transfers between corporate wallets, but transferring money from a corporate to a personalized wallet is permitted. Interest is not accrued on the balance of electronic funds. Replenishment of electronic wallets can occur through terminals, via the Internet, GPRS, mobile phones.

Foreign IT companies are developing new generation electronic wallets. A new technology is being created that makes it possible to combine all payment and credit plastic cards of one owner within a single gadget integrated with a smartphone.

As part of the development of electronic payment systems, a project is being implemented universal electronic citizen card (UEC), provided for by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 27, 2010 No. 210-FZ “On the organization of the provision of state and municipal services”. This card gives citizens access to the entire range of government electronic services. In addition to the payment (banking) application, the card has pension, medical, educational, transport and other social applications. It is also planned to introduce electronic passport.

Electronic money is only part of the overall system of electronic payment systems, which together embody the active dematerialization of money. The structure of the market for electronic payment systems (EPS) in Russia is presented in Fig. 1.3.

Rice. 1.3.

In order to ensure the stable development of the electronic money market in Russia, a non-profit partnership has been operating since 2009 - the Electronic Money Association (AED), which unites the leading participants in the electronic payment market, representing about 80% of the Russian market (WebMoney, Yandex.Money, QIWI, i-Free), as well as national industrial associations NAUET (National Association of Electronic Commerce Participants) and NAMIR (National Partnership of Microfinance Market Participants).

The market for electronic payment systems in Russia is very dynamic. Almost every year it practically doubled. Market turnover by the end of 2017 will expand to 3.7 trillion rubles.

Technically, the market consists of two segments − remote financial services and terminals. Terminals And ATMs are a popular service channel. They account for approximately half of all payments. Despite the fact that since 2006 Russia has doubled the number of ATMs and tripled the number of POS terminals, it ranks 18th and 43rd in the world in terms of the number of ATMs per 10 thousand people, respectively. The number of ATMs, electronic terminals, imprinters used to pay for goods and services with payment cards, as of October 1, 2013, amounted to 1,314.0 thousand devices. Through them, transactions worth 3.5 trillion rubles were carried out. – for one resident of Russia this is 24.7 thousand rubles. Popular non-bank terminals are terminals of the QIWI, CyberPlat and ElecsNet systems, banking terminals are terminals of Sberbank, Promsvyazbank, Moscow Credit Bank, Russian Standard Bank.

However, the share of turnover of payment terminals will gradually decrease – according to expert estimates, by 2017 to 30%. Accordingly, the value will increase remote services. These are mobile operator payment services, mobile banking, SMS banking, Internet banking, electronic wallets. The turnover of remote services accounts for half of the entire market of electronic payment systems.

The number of accounts with remote access opened in banks of the Russian Federation for individuals and legal entities as of October 1, 2013 amounted to 102.9 million accounts. Of these, 40.7 million accounts are opened with access via the Internet and 28.8 million accounts are opened through mobile phones. Of the 4 billion electronic transactions completed per year (including the use of payment cards), payments using the Internet and mobile phones account for a fifth in quantity and almost two-thirds in volume.

Internet banking is a type of remote banking service with access to accounts and transactions at any time and from any computer with Internet access. For banks, the benefits of Internet services are undeniable - this is a non-capital-intensive type of business that allows you to save on staff costs and software installation costs. Internet banking is available even to small and small banks. The reasons for using Internet banking for clients are also obvious - expanding the number of services, access to a larger volume of information, reducing transaction costs and the most valuable resource - time, confidentiality of transactions, better control of personal accounts, etc.

Despite the fact that in Russia now 46% of citizens use the Internet (in addition to email) daily or several times a week, a small contingent turns to Internet banking. According to The Economist and the Bank of Russia, Internet banking users still account for only 14% of the total number of Internet users in Russia (in the USA - 45%, in Poland - 50%, in France, Canada - 60%). Less than 8% of bank payments are made via the Internet. The range of Internet services is not very wide. Basically it comes down to obtaining payment history and account balance. Not all banks provide opening and blocking a deposit, obtaining a consumer loan, re-issuing a card and other opportunities. According to experts, the Russian segment of Internet banking may grow to 1.6-1.8 trillion rubles by 2017.

Mobile banking (mobile banking) is an extremely promising service channel. This is a service that allows you to monitor the status of a bank account and manage it using a mobile terminal using wireless access technologies. More and more banks are releasing mobile financial applications. In this case, tablet computers, smartphones, and regular phones are used on all modern platforms - iPhone, iPad, Android, Windows, Phone 7 and 8.

The development of the market for contactless payments using a mobile phone as a multifunctional means of payment has great prospects. Convenient and comfortable services include payments for cellular communications, the Internet, provider services and housing and communal services, searching for an ATM, transferring from card to card, between accounts, including in other banks, and currency exchange. The most well-functioning mobile banks in Russia based on smartphones operate at VTB24, Bank St. Petersburg, Moscow Industrial Bank, Russian Standard Bank, Promsvyazbank.

Customers who have switched to mobile banking are less likely to use Internet banking via a desktop computer. The number of individual accounts opened in Russian banks and with access through a mobile phone is approaching 30 million. By 2015, 63 million people will use the mobile Internet from smartphones, and 12 million people from tablets.

Today, most credit institutions have a minimum virtual office program. The development of broadband access and the widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets have made the service more accessible and widespread.

In the summer of 2013, Sberbank of the Russian Federation announced the launch of a modern service complex, which includes seven models: a call from the site, a multifunctional BigPad tablet, mobile applications and the SBOL Internet bank (Sberbank Online), ATMs and terminals, Internet kiosks , virtual rooms and mini-computers for VIP clients. The attributes of the updated service model will become available both in the offices of the credit institution (for example, Internet kiosks) and from clients’ mobile devices. Clients can make video calls to the bank from devices running iOS and Android platforms.

At the end of the 20th century. Such exotic dematerialized currencies as digital gold and virtual cryptocurrencies also appeared. Digital gold(English) digital gold currency) is a type of Internet currency based on precious metals. gold based internet currencies), introduced in 1995. The typical unit of account for digital money is the gram of gold or troy ounce. Digital gold is backed by stocks of gold, silver or platinum accepted for storage. The amount of available electronic money is fixed in terms of the equivalent of gold units (grams). You can then spend available electronic money to purchase foreign currency or goods, or receive pseudo-currency from other participants in the system. Digital currency is also used by electronic payment services companies to make mutual payments in units of the same value as a gold bar.

Digital gold is issued by private entities - for example, Gold Limited, GoldMoney. com, E-billion.com. It is believed that deposits in the form of digital gold protect against inflation, devaluation and other risks inherent in fiat currencies. But at the same time, digital money gives rise to other risks. Thus, the secrecy of information gives rise to doubts about the 100% backing of this money in precious metals. The OS-Gold pyramid is known, exposed in the physical absence of gold bars reserved for clients. At its peak, the system handled $2 billion in transactions per year.

Money laundering is possible through transactions with digital gold. There are also operational risks, including risks of information security and inadequate control. In general, this is a narrow niche of electronic means of payment that does not have significant prospects.

Electronic money is a regular means of making purchases, but it is used to pay on the Internet. This is similar to a bank card; many operations are carried out identically: payment for goods in any country, payment for services, and even exchange for real money in the desired currency. There are also differences that should be taken into account when registering a virtual wallet.

What is “electronic money”?

Many Internet users are already actively handling virtual money, and electronic systems specialists are trying their best to overtake competitors in the provision of services. Electronic money is a term that is used in several meanings:

1. Systems of storage and transfer of national and private currencies.
2. Monetary obligations of the responsible person, which are stored on electronic media.
3. Instrument of payment.

Virtual wallets are indispensable for freelancers who... Such wallets are handled by EPS - electronic payment systems, performing the functions of virtual banks. There are several of them, some even interact, allowing users to transfer amounts from one wallet to another. Plastic cards are also being created and terminals accept them. Electronic money is assigned to banks, which help to cash out funds in real currency. You can do this in two ways:

1. Via mobile.
2. Through Internet banking.

Electronic money - pros and cons

New electronic money has its advantages and disadvantages, so it has not yet received too wide use. But given that their systems are constantly improving, it is possible that their popularity will increase over time. Disadvantages of electronic money:

1. Legal regulation. Virtual currency is not accepted in many countries; it is not possible to make a large purchase with it.
2. Turnover. Not everyone uses virtual currency; it is more difficult to cash out.
3. Technology Addiction. If you remain without electricity or the Internet, access to money will be closed.

Advantages of electronic money:

1. Speed. Payment is made instantly, you can transfer any amount to any country.
2. Automation. All transfers are taken into account, operations are carried out by a computer.
3. Safety. This money cannot be damaged or counterfeited, it cannot be lost or stolen. All operations are reliably protected by the system.
4. Protection. Hacking electronic money or a wallet is very difficult. Funds can be stolen if the user uses fraudulent schemes.

Advantages of electronic money

Although the payment scheme via the Internet is similar to non-cash payments, virtual money is still closer to cash: its circulation is personalized, the details of the parties are known. The properties of electronic money give it a number of advantages:

1. The payment is processed with perfect accuracy.
2. Modest issue price: no paper or paint is needed to create virtual money.
3. There is no need to count the money manually; the payment instrument does this.
4. No security is required when storing large amounts.
5. The payment is recorded by the systems.
6. The amounts in the wallet are stored for a very long time; there is no need to pay interest for the service.

Disadvantages of electronic money

Using electronic money also has its disadvantages. One of the most noticeable is complete dependence on the computer on which the startup files are installed. If your PC is out of order, you will not be able to access your wallet. There are other disadvantages:

1. Internet connection for transactions. Not everyone and not always have the opportunity to access the Internet, so in some cases access to funds is limited.
2. You cannot directly transfer money from one payer to another.
3. Cryptographic protection means have not yet been sufficiently tested and tested; it is still unknown how they will behave with the mass use of electronic money.

Electronic money - types

Varieties of electronic money include RUpay, Stormpay, Moneybookers, Liqpay, “Unified Wallet”, “Money Mail” systems, but they are rarely used. The main thing is to decide why you need a virtual wallet, so that there are no disappointments and hassles later. All systems cope with purchasing and paying for goods online within Russia, but WebMoney is the best for foreign payments. Wallets are different:

1. Replenishment method: ATM, mobile, cards.
2. Commission for the movement of funds.
3. Monetary units.
4. The level of security of user data and transfers.
5. Popularity of the service.

Which electronic money is better? The most popular payment systems today:

• WebMoney, accepted in all online stores, a very practical service;
• Yandex-Money, accepts only rubles, simple interface;
• Qiwi is not particularly popular in online stores, but it is easy to pay for utilities through the terminal.

Electronic money WebMoney

Electronic money systems have their own rules of use that are worth considering. One of the first to appear was WebMoney Transfer, which holds a leading position in the ranking. It is used by hundreds of thousands of Russian-speaking users, but not everyone knows that in some countries it is prohibited to pay with such money. Other features:

1. The system operates in four monetary units: dollar, hryvnia, Belarusian and Russian ruble.
2. Any operations are carried out: from making payments to accepting them.
3. You can top up your wallet at Sberbank, through cards and exchange offices.
4. To confirm your identity, a scan of your passport is enough.
5. Good defense.
6. Withdrawals are only allowed to a verified bank account.
7. There are no commissions for transfers within the state.

Electronic money Yandex

The second system popular on the Internet is, it was launched 15 years ago specifically for Russians, so it focuses only on domestic currency. You cannot transfer money to another one. How to use the Yandex-Money e-wallet:

1. Create a mailbox in Yandex, open the “Money” tab in it and click the “Open wallet” button. Link it to your cell phone number.
2. The account is replenished through terminals, ATMs and bank branches, and funds are withdrawn to a Yandex-Money card or a card from the proposed list of banks.
3. The commission for many actions is not charged.
4. Buyers can easily pay for goods or services immediately on the website.

Electronic money Qiwi

Electronic virtual money Qiwi is more common within the CIS, but online stores are reluctant to use this system. Many operations are carried out via terminals. Added to the positive:

1. The wallet is linked to your cell phone number.
2. You can deposit money through your mobile phone, ATM and terminal.
3. There are four currencies in use: rubles, dollars, euros and Kazakhstani tenge.
4. Payment is made through a terminal or card.
5. The commission is within 2% for all transactions.

Electronic money Paypal

By European standards, the best electronic money is PayPal from global trading eBay, which is accepted in 203 countries. Recently the system added support for new currencies. Unlike other services, PayPal works with real money; the card or account is linked to the user's account. This system appeared in Russia in 2003, but Russians were able to receive and withdraw funds only four years ago. Therefore, it is not particularly popular among compatriots; customers offer such a wallet to freelancers extremely rarely.

Among the beneficial aspects of PayPal, experts name:

1. Many types of operations.
2. Working with money using the mobile version.
3. Sending invoices for payment by mail.
4. Withdrawal of funds every day.

Electronic money Easypay

Recently, a new type of electronic money has appeared - Easypay, this is a virtual monetary unit of Belarus, payments are made in local rubles. Created as an alternative to WebMoney. A reliable security system, there are no analogues - one-time control codes. There are other advantages:

1. Transfers are made via the Internet and mobile phone.
2. You can easily add money to your account at the cash desk or post office.
3. Commission within the country is 2%, for withdrawal of money – 1.5%.

For some actions the fee is not charged:

• shopping in online stores in Belarus;
• replenishment of mobile phones;
• payment for Internet services;
• communal payments;
• charity;
• cinema and theater tickets.

Electronic money Bitcoin

The new electronic money Bitcoin is called an innovative breakthrough in Internet business networks, a kind of analogue of communism in the virtual. The authorship is attributed to Satoshi Nikamoto, bitcoins are stored in special wallets, you can deposit and withdraw money. An amazing increase in cost and universal popularity, despite the fact that this system does not have an owner or even an administrator, it is impossible to influence transfers from the outside. There is no commission either, only payment to miners for supporting transactions.

Bitcoin is a special electronic money; it is characterized by:

1. Independence. The system is completely independent.
2. Limitation in Bitcoin stocks.
3. Complete anonymity. The owner cannot be determined by wallet numbers.
4. No intermediaries. You don’t need a bank to transfer units, but the downside is that you won’t be able to cancel the payment.
5. Illegality. Many governments call them illegal.
6. Instability course.

How to earn electronic money?

How to earn electronic money on the Internet - this question is asked daily by thousands of online users. It is quite possible to find an activity that will generate income online, but this is not a very large sum. There is trading on the stock exchange, but for this you need to have knowledge and start-up capital. There are niches with more modest profits than from financial transactions.

If we put aside the mass of fraudulent schemes, the following types of income actually generate income:

1. Own sites.
2. Postal services.
3. Sale of texts.
4. Referral networks in commercial projects.
5. Partnership programs.
6. Online stores.
7. Earning money from online games.
8. Providing various services.

With the development of credit circulation, electronic money appears, which has certain advantages compared to paper:

• increasing the speed of transfer of payment documents;
• simplification of processing of bank correspondence;
• reducing the cost of processing payment documentation.

In economic literature electronic money is defined as:

• money in computer memory accounts of banks, which are managed using a special electronic device;
• electronic storage of monetary value using a technical device;
• a new means of payment that allows for payment transactions and does not require access to deposit accounts;
• an open-ended monetary obligation of a financial credit institution, expressed in electronic form, certified by an electronic digital signature and repayable at the time of presentation in ordinary money, etc.

In international practice are prepaid or store of value financial products in which fund or value information is stored on an electronic device.

Electronic money - in a broad sense words are considered as a set of subsystems of cash (issue is carried out without opening personal accounts) and non-cash money (issue is carried out with the opening of personal accounts) or as a system of monetary settlements through the use of electronic technology.

Electronic money - in the narrow sense represent a subsystem of cash issued by banks or specialized credit institutions. The main difference here is that it is not necessary to use a bank account when making a payment, when the transaction is carried out from the payer to the recipient without the participation of the bank.

Properties of electronic money

Main characteristics of electronic money:

• the monetary value is recorded on an electronic device;
• it can be used for a variety of payments;
• payment is final.

Nevertheless, the issue of independently identifying electronic money as a separate type remains debatable, as does their definition, role and functions.

In modern times, electronic money is fiat money, have a credit basis, perform the functions of a means of payment, circulation, accumulation, and have a guarantee. The basis for issuing electronic money into circulation is cash and non-cash money. Electronic money acts as a monetary obligation of the issuer when servicing non-cash turnover as a requirement for it. They can be considered as an element of the monetary aggregate. Automatic maintenance of bank accounts (crediting and debiting funds, transfers from account to account, interest calculation, monitoring the status of settlements) is carried out electronically (electronic transfers). Tools for electronic access to accounts are constantly evolving, however, money is still presented in the form of account records.

Properties of electronic money are based both on traditional monetary properties (liquidity, portability, versatility, divisibility, convenience) and on relatively new ones (security, anonymity, durability). However, not all of them in the process of application meet the requirements of high liquidity and stable purchasing power, and therefore their issue and use in circulation require a special procedure for regulation and control. Electronic access tools include payment cards, electronic checks, and remote banking.

Calculations on the Internet. "Network" electronic money

These calculations are based on the concept of electronic cash. Electronic cash is digital cash in electronic form, used in network payments, representing electronic bills in the form of a set of binary codes existing on a particular medium, transported in the form of a digital envelope over the network. Electronic cash technology allows you to pay for goods and services in the virtual economy by transferring information from one computer to another. Electronic cash, like real cash, is anonymous and reusable, and digital banknote numbers are unique. They can be transferred from one person to another, bypassing the bank, but at the same time keeping them within network payment systems. When paying for a product or service, digital money is transferred to the seller, who either transfers it to a bank participating in the system for crediting to his account, or pays his partners with it. Currently, various network payment systems are widespread on the Internet.

Yandex money. In mid-2002, Paycash entered into an agreement with the largest search engine on the Runet, Yandex, to launch the Yandex project. Money (universal payment system created in 2002). The main features of the Yandex payment system. Money:

• electronic transfers between user accounts;
• buy, sell and exchange electronic currencies:
• pay for services (Internet access, cellular communications, hosting, apartment, etc.);
• transfer funds to a credit or debit card.

The transaction fee is 0.5% for each payment transaction. When withdrawing funds to a bank account or other method, the Yandex.Money system retains 3% of the amount of funds withdrawn, in addition, an additional percentage is charged directly by the transfer agent (bank, post office, etc.).

WebmoneyTransfer - payment system, which appeared on November 25, 1998, is the most widespread and reliable Russian electronic payment system for conducting financial transactions in real time, created for users of the Russian-speaking part of the World Wide Web. Anyone can become a user of the system. The means of payment in the system are title units called WebMoney, or WM for short. All WM is stored in so-called electronic wallets. The most common types of wallets are:

• WMZ - dollar wallets;
• WMR - ruble wallets;
• WME - wallets for storing euros;
• WMU - wallets for storing Ukrainian hryvnia.

The WebMoney Transfer payment system allows you to:

• carry out financial transactions and pay for goods (services) on the Internet;
• pay for the services of mobile operators, Internet and television providers, pay for subscriptions to the media;
• exchange WebMoney title units for other electronic currencies at a favorable rate;
• make payments by email, use your mobile phone as a wallet;
• owners of online stores accept payments for goods on their website.

WM is a global information system for the transfer of property rights, open for free use by everyone. Using WebMoney Transfer, you can make instant transactions related to the transfer of property rights to any online goods and services, create your own web services and network enterprises, conduct transactions with other participants, issue and maintain your own tools.

There are several ways to replenish your WM wallet:

• by bank transfer (including through Sberbank of the Russian Federation);
• postal transfer;
• using the Western Union system;
• by exchanging rubles or currency for WM at an authorized bank or exchange office;
• by receiving WM from any of the system participants in exchange for services, goods or in exchange for cash;
• using a prepaid WM card;
• through the E-Gold system.

RUpay- The payment system, operating since October 7, 2002, is an integrator of payment systems, where payment systems and exchange offices are programmatically combined into one system.

Main features of the RUpay payment system:

• making electronic transfers between user accounts;
• buy, sell and exchange electronic currencies with a minimum commission;
• make payments to other electronic payment systems: WebMoney, PayPal, E-gold, etc.;
• accept payments on your website in more than 20 ways;
• receive funds from the system account at the nearest ATM;
• manage your account from any computer connected to the Internet."

PayCash- electronic payment system. It began its work on the Russian market in early 1998, positioned primarily as an accessible means of fast, efficient and secure cash payments on the Internet.

The main advantage of this payment system is the use of its own unique developments in the field of financial cryptography, highly appreciated by Western experts. The PayCash payment system has a number of prestigious awards and patents, including the “Certificate of Special Recognition from the US Congress.” At the moment, PayCash technology is used by such well-known payment systems as Yandex. Money (Russia), Cyphermint PayCash (USA), DramCash (Armenia), PayCash (Ukraine).

PayCash is based on digital cash technology. From the point of view of the user (seller or buyer), PayCash technology represents many “electronic wallets”, each of which has its own owner. All wallets are connected to a single processing center, where information received from the owners is processed. Thanks to modern technologies, users can carry out transactions with their money without leaving the computer. The technology allows you to transfer digital cash from one wallet to another, store it in online banking, convert it, withdraw it from the system to traditional bank accounts or other payment systems.

E- gold- an electronic payment system created in 1996 by Gold&Silver Reserve (G&SR). E-gold is an American electronic money settlement system, the main currency of which is precious metals - gold, platinum, silver, etc., and this currency is physically backed by the corresponding metal. The system is completely international, works with all currencies of the world, and anyone can gain access to it. The reliability of this payment system is guaranteed by US and Swiss banks. The main difference between the e-gold payment system is that all funds are physically backed by precious metals stored in Nova Scotia Bank (Toronto). The number of users of the c-gold payment system in 2006 was about 3 million people. The main advantages of the e-gold payment system are as follows:

• internationality - regardless of place of residence, any user has the opportunity to open an account in e-gold:
• anonymity - when opening an account, there are no mandatory requirements for indicating the user’s real personal data;
• ease and intuitiveness - the interface is intuitive and user-friendly;
• no additional software installation required;
• versatility - the wide distribution of this payment system allows it to be used for almost any financial transaction.

You can enter money into the system in two ways: receive a transfer from another participant or transfer money in any currency to the E-gold system using the mechanism described on the website via bank transfer.

You can receive or cash out money by ordering a bank transfer on the E-gold website, making a transfer to other systems (PayPal, WebMoney, Western Union) or to any credit or debit card.

Stormpay- payment system opened in 2002. Any user can register in this system, regardless of country of residence. One of the advantages of the system is its universality and lack of reference to a specific geographic region, since the system works with all countries without exception. The account number in the Stormpay payment system is an email address. Its main drawback is the inability to convert funds from a Stormpay account to E-gold, WebMoney or Rupay. This payment system allows you to transfer funds to credit cards.

PayPal- electronic payment system, one of the most popular and reliable among foreign payment systems. By early 2006, it served users from 55 countries. PayPal was founded by Peter Thiel and Max Levchin in 1998 as a private company. PayPal provides its users with the opportunity to receive and send payments using email or a mobile phone with Internet access, but in addition, users of the PayPal payment system have the opportunity to:

• send payments (Send Money): transfer any amount from your personal account. In this case, the recipient of the payment can be either another PayPal user or an outsider;
• execute a request to receive payment (Money Request). Using this type of service, the user can send letters to his debtors containing a request for payment (issue an invoice for payment);

place on the website special tools for accepting payments (Web Tools). This service is only available to Premier and Business account holders and is recommended for use by online store owners. In this case, the user can place a button on his website, by clicking which the payer is taken to the payment system website, where he can complete the payment procedure (you can use a credit card), after which he returns to the user’s website;

• use auction trading tools (Auction Tools). The payment system offers two types of services: 1) automatic distribution of requests to receive payment (Automatic Payment Request); 2) auction winners can make payments directly from the website where the auction is held (Instant Purchase for Auctions);
• carry out financial transactions using a mobile phone (Mobile Payments);
• make simultaneous payments to a large number of users (Batch Pay);
• carry out daily transfer of funds to a bank account (Auto-Sweep).

In the future, the possibility of receiving interest for storing funds in the account is being considered.

Moneybookers- electronic payment system, opened in 2003. Despite its relative youth, it successfully competes in many areas with such a giant as PayPal. The main advantage of this payment system can be considered its versatility. Moneybookers is easy to use for both individuals and owners of online stores and banks. Unlike PayPal, the Moneybookers payment system serves users in more than 170 countries, including Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Moneybookers features:

• installation of additional software is not required for operation;
• The Moneybookers user account number is the email address;
• The minimum transfer amount to Moneybookers is 1 euro cent (or the equivalent in another currency);
• the ability to automatically send funds on a schedule without user participation;
• the system commission is 1% of the payment amount and is deducted from the sender.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Electronic money is increasingly becoming part of our lives. This is connected primarily, which has now become one of the most necessary attributes of our lives.

Moreover, he has long since crossed the level when we only gained knowledge there. Now we live online - we communicate, buy, sell, pay for services, make friends, etc., etc. It is quite logical that in this environment their own systems of mutual payments arise, allowing them to move away from primitive barter.

At the moment, there are already several dozen payment systems in Russia alone, and even more in the world. Of course, not all of them are well-known, but the very fact that there is competition gives ordinary users of electronic payments (all sorts of goodies to entice), which might not have existed in the absence of a fight for the client.

Of course, it will not be possible to cover all the players in one article (and there is still a wild excitement around them, which I wrote about in a separate publication), but we will definitely consider the most popular ones. At the end of the publication, I will also invite you to vote for the Internet currency that you personally prefer.

Three leading payment systems in Russia

It all started a very long time ago (mainly at the end of the last and beginning of this millennium). At that time, monetary relations began to actively develop on the Internet (electronic commerce, etc.) and the only available form of payment was plastic cards. The emergence of Internet money options has made it possible to significantly simplify the process of paying and receiving payments via the network (without leaving home).

But not only on the Internet, because now various electronic wallets offer you to use those on them not only for any operations on the Internet, but also in real life. For example, a system linked to an account, with which you can pay for your purchases in real life (supermarket, boutique, gas stations and other places where cards are accepted for payment). In fact, many payment systems already offer similar services.

In Russia you can highlight 3 leading payment systems, but I think it’s unlikely to be possible to put them in their strict places. In each individual case, you will need to choose exactly according to your needs.

For example, Qiwi is truly a “people's” system and everyone who knows what payment terminals are works with it. At the same time, WebMoney is used by almost everyone who makes money in the Russian-speaking part of the RuNet. Both Yandex Money and other electronic wallets have their own audience. But first things first.

Qiwi payment system

If the main complaints about working with Qiwi (and many other systems) relate to the work of their technical support service, then in the WebMoney payment system the main problem is. Personally, I solved this problem for myself, which does not allow me to make a single payment or authorization on sites without confirming this action on my mobile phone (you receive a confirmation code in the form of SMS, or you install a special application on your phone to generate it).

Also, the safety and security of this electronic money depends. There are several of them, and I wrote about some of them in some detail at one time:

You also need to understand that there are various Internet currencies that circulate within this system. Currencies, of course, are conditional (in fact, these are just title units), but are strictly tied to the official exchange rate of the real currencies coinciding with them (fiat money).

The main ones, of course, are dollars (WMZ) and rubles (WMR), but euros (WME), hryvnia (WMU), Belarusian rubles (WMB), etc. are also in circulation. In this regard, the need very often arises. Read about the most profitable ways to do this in the article below.

Electronic Yandex Money

Personally, this system attracts me because it can link a plastic card from Yandex to your wallet, so that you can then use it to pay in the store and in all other places where MasterCard is accepted. In this case, the account on the electronic wallet is equal to the balance on the card and no interest is charged for such use (a commission is charged only when withdrawing money from an ATM). In my opinion, this is a very convenient way to withdraw pennies earned on the Internet.

This payment system allows you to deposit and withdraw funds in a variety of ways, as well as pay for many services and goods. There is a mobile phone application that allows you to conveniently work with your e-wallet without having to download a browser. In general, read about that in the article provided.

8 best electronic payment systems in the world

— once upon a time, the Payoneer Mastercard was the only acceptable way to withdraw funds earned by freelancers and stockers abroad. Nowadays, quite a few similar systems have already appeared, but Payoneer (or Pioneer) still remains in great demand, because many bourgeois exchanges and sites for making money cooperate only with it.

The main feature of the system is to receive a branded card and withdraw money earned abroad from it through any ATM in the world. Although it is now possible to withdraw money from a Payoneer account directly to an account in a local bank and with a not very high commission percentage, many do not want to show their income to the bank and use the card, because it is not connected to a bank account (prepaid) and there are no problems there should not be any problems with the tax authorities only when using it.

Previously, withdrawing money from Adsense was quite inconvenient, but after connecting to Rapida everything became just fine (though only for residents of Russia). The fact is that in the Rapida system you can configure payment templates for the transit of electronic money from Adsense to any terminal options for cashing them out that are convenient for you. Moreover, the templates are executed automatically when a payment is received from Google’s contextual system.

Liqpay— Ukrainian payment system, the account in which is linked to the account in Privat Bank. It positions itself as an alternative to the world-famous PayPal and Moneybookers, but in reality this is, of course, far from the case. Working with electronic money is quite safe, and read about the rest at the link provided.

10 most popular cryptocurrencies in the world

Cryptocurrency in general is difficult to classify as a payment system, because due to the nature of this system, there cannot be owners or people managing (and even administering) this system. She is launched and she begins to live her own life, essentially not obeying anyone (all thanks to cryptography based on the great and terrible, which simply works wonders). This is its charm and, in a sense, its disadvantage.

It is also difficult to equate crypto-currency with electronic money, because there is not yet a developed network of services and goods that could be bought with crypto-money. Something is possible somewhere, but it is still in its infancy. But at the same time, speaking about electronic money, it is impossible not to plunge into the crypto world. Why?

Because cryptocurrency is an excellent tool for speculation, i.e. fast, often high-risk, but also very high earnings. Someone sells their home, and in a month or two doubles their capital. Some people play “small” and have a stable additional source of income. There is a rush of demand for cryptocurrency and it is becoming more expensive.