Donskaya street. Donskaya Street Full board supported by benefactors
History of the foundation of the Moscow Arnold-Tretyakov School
and construction of a building on Donskaya
“The Arnold School was one of those rare charitable institutions that were created through the initiative of one person who devoted his entire life to helping the unfortunate.”
This man was Ivan Karlovich Arnold, the deaf-mute founder of a school for the deaf-mute.
Ivan Karlovich Arnold, the eldest son of state councilor Karl Ivanovich Arnold, was born on September 25, 1805. As a child, when he was not yet two years old, he fell. The fall was so unfortunate that he received a concussion with damage to the auditory organs, as a result of which he became very ill. After recovery, it turned out that Ivan Karlovich was deaf for life. In 1811, he was sent to the school for the deaf and dumb in St. Petersburg, established in 1810 by Empress Maria Feodorovna.
He stayed at the school for two years, after which his father took him from there, wanting to study with him himself. Noticing his son's ability in drawing and mechanics, his father sent him to Berlin in 1816 for further education, where he studied at the Academy of Arts and at the same time attended the local school for the deaf and dumb. But the career of an artist did not attract him: upon his return to Russia, he wanted to start teaching and educating the deaf-mute, since there were about 27,000 deaf-mutes in Russia at that time.
However, Arnold did not immediately succeed in realizing his plans. Not having, first of all, his own funds, which he used to open and equip everything, Ivan Karlovich turned to the Russian nobility and merchants with a request for help. And he received it. In addition, there were also dignitaries who were close to the throne and promised to report on the benefits of this institution to the emperor. The Emperor, in turn, not only gave permission for the foundation, but also donated a significant amount in favor of the school. On February 13, 1853, permission was received.
Although the school’s affairs were going well, because in St. Petersburg there already existed a state-owned institution for the deaf and dumb, and in Moscow there was no such school, and there was an urgent need for it, Ivan Karlovich considered it correct and useful to transfer his school to Moscow, for which purpose 1859 and went there to obtain the proper permission for this. In 1860, such permission was received, and in the same year he moved to Moscow with several of his students and teachers. The first premises that the school occupied was in Dolgorukovsky Lane.
As it expanded, the school needed more and more space, but there was no money to rent large premises. By the end of 1863, there were 21 pupils in the institution; by January 1865, the school already consisted of 25 students (17 boys and 8 girls).
And so, in 1873, property was purchased on Donskaya Street from the merchant Komarov and construction began on a three-story building with a basement for the school.
According to the Moscow City Archive, on a plot belonging to the Moscow City Arnold-Tretyakov School, according to the plan of 1814, there was a house for retired warrant officer Yablochkov. During the 18th century, the site changed its owners more than once, until in 1771 it fell into the hands of the Zvenigorod merchant Nikolai Ivanovich Komarov, from whom Tretyakov acquired it for the construction of the building of the Arnold-Tretyakov School. Here, according to the design of A. S. Kaminsky, a special building (No. 37) was built for the school.
Construction was completed in 1875, and in February 1876 the school moved to its own premises. This is how the building was built on Donskaya, 37.
After the renovation in 1906, the partition between the 3rd and 2nd floors was removed, the building itself was rebuilt, and on April 25, 1906, the house church at the Arnold-Tretyakov School was consecrated in this extension in the name of Pavel Latrsky (Latrisky), the heavenly patron of the deceased in 1899 year of the main benefactor and chairman of the trustee committee Pavel Tretyakov, who was the soul of the activities of the school's trustee society and the administrative committee.
Having been a member of the committee since its inception in 1863,
P.M. Tretyakov became its chairman in 1869 and remained in this position until his death, which followed on December 4, 1898. Little by little, all the activities of the society were concentrated in one person. It was he who sponsored the purchase of three neighboring properties to expand the site, the construction of a house for a bathhouse, a laundry and three teacher’s apartments, and the construction of a hospital.
Subsequently, a hospital building, an outbuilding for teachers, as well as a greenhouse and a greenhouse with beds for gardening were located on the territory of the school garden.
The interior spaces were planned specifically for the educational institution: bedrooms, classrooms, craft workshops, and a dining room.
Thus, the efforts of teacher I.K. Arnold and the merchant P. M. Tretyakov - a new educational institution was founded and settled in its own building - the Moscow City School for the Deaf and Mutes.
The history of the Center "On Donskoy"
Since 1918, the school has become a state institution and is called the Moscow Institute of the Deaf and Mutes.
In 1941, the educational institution was evacuated to the Penza region, and returned in 1943, but to a different premises.
During the war, the building of the institute was transferred to other government institutions in Moscow. The district committees (raykom) of the party and Komsomol are located here
In 1986, the first secretary of the Moscow City Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren, B.N. Yeltsin, visited the Moscow City Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren. and drew attention to the insufficient development of technical and intellectual creativity of students, especially high school students. He proposed organizing such an institution for talented youth, where students could develop their creative potential on a modern technical basis using progressive and highly professional teaching methods and scientific research.
To solve this, specialists from the Moscow City Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren (MGDPiSh), the Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and design and construction organizations in Moscow were involved. The Executive Committee of the Oktyabrsky District Council of Moscow allocated the building of the former Republican Committee of the CPSU at the address st. for the house of scientific and technical creativity. Donskaya, 37. A project was developed for its complete reconstruction and re-equipment of its premises in accordance with the standards for hosting research laboratories. Construction was carried out using the folk construction method; Several youth construction teams worked at the construction site. In just one year, all the ceilings in the building were removed and youth research laboratories were rebuilt with all the necessary communications.
A new institution of public education, DNTTM, was created as a branch of MGDPiSh. To ensure high quality of training and work for students, the staff and teachers of DNTTM were formed mainly from among existing specialists from research institutions and higher education.
By January 1988, the builders handed over a symbolic key to the DNTTM building to the schoolchildren of the Space Physics Laboratory of the Palace of Pioneers so that, under the leadership of the head of the laboratory in those years, D.L. Monakhov began to equip the building of a new scientific center. Since funding from GUNO was opened only in July 1988, it was the children themselves who carried out the equipment of the laboratories, their minimal design and landscaping so that on September 1, 1988, DNTTM could open its doors to 2 thousand high school students who wanted to connect your life path with scientific research and technical development.
Since October 2015, the House of Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth has been renamed the Center “On Donskoy”
Today this institution - a modern state center for additional education for children, a structural unit of the Sparrow Hills State Budgetary Educational Institution - is a meeting place for children, teenagers, interesting people and the birth of new ideas.
Your child can visit the Center after school and do something interesting and exciting - designing and constructing robots, conducting experiments in chemical, physical or biological laboratories, developing and creating their own website, learning to program, dance, draw or take photographs.
On December 16, 1898, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, an outstanding figure in Russian culture, a Russian entrepreneur, philanthropist, and collector of works of Russian fine art, died. Among famous philanthropists and collectors-entrepreneurs of the 19th century, his name will always occupy a special place: he forever entered the history of not only Russian, but also world culture, giving Moscow a rich art collection, creating a public art gallery. Tretyakov was also known as a generous philanthropist: he created and financed schools, orphanages, hospitals, established scholarships and helped artists. We decided to remember the five great deeds of Pavel Mikhailovich.
Tretyakov Gallery
“For me, who truly and ardently loves painting, there can be no better desire than to lay the foundation for a public, accessible repository of fine arts for all, which will bring benefit to many and pleasure to all.” Of course, the name of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov will forever be associated with the main brainchild of his life - the Tretyakov Art Gallery, the famous treasury of Russian painting. Her collection numbers tens of thousands of drawings, sculptures, paintings, icons, and it all began with the acquisition of art publications and engravings at the famous ruins near the Sukharev Tower: in 1854, Pavel Mikhailovich bought the first ten paintings there, canvases by old Dutch masters. However, just two years later he acquired two paintings from the Russian school - “Temptation” by N.G. Schilder and “Finnish Smugglers” by V.G. Khudyakov, which formed the basis of an outstanding collection. Perov, Jacobi, Klodt, Vereshchagin, Shishkin, Vasnetsov... Tretyakov had friendship with many of them, and Pavel Mikhailovich had the right to “choose first” a painting for his collection. He saw in the Peredvizhniki the basis of the reviving Russian painting and not only acquired paintings, but also commissioned portraits of prominent people. Thanks to Tretyakov, we know what Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Nekrasov looked like. By 1892, the collection, numbering almost 2 thousand masterpieces of painting and graphics, was already a collection of national level. Together with the building, Tretyakov donates the gallery to Moscow with the condition of free access to it for everyone. The Tretyakov Gallery today is more than 170 thousand works of art, a world-famous art museum, a cultural center and a tourist brand of Russia.
Arnold-Tretyakov School
Tretyakov generously donated money to charity. Thus, in 1860, with his participation, the Arnold-Tretyakov School for deaf-mute children was opened, the first specialized institution for the deaf-mute in Moscow. The task of the school was to teach deaf and mute children 6-10 years old to speak, provide general education and practical skills, and prepare them for a craft. Initially, teaching was conducted by deaf teachers, so it was based on the facial method, and then the oral method began to be used. Tretyakov not only financed the school, but also took a keen interest in its problems, often attended classes, and knew all the teachers. The training of the school director and his studies were fully paid for by Tretyakov. After Tretyakov’s death, the school existed with money bequeathed to him.
Tretyakov almshouse
In 1899, a year after the death of P.M. Tretyakov, the construction of the Tretyakov almshouse began - a shelter for the feeble-minded - as Pyotr Mikhailovich ordered in his will, in which he asked the executors that after distributing scholarships to students, allocating funds for the maintenance of his family members, and fulfilling debt obligations, the remaining money and securities would be transferred The Moscow merchant society, which was supposed to use these funds for the construction and maintenance of an almshouse. He had a special attitude towards the construction of this building, having sad personal motives for compassion for people deprived of the opportunity to live fully in society: his son Mikhail turned out to be mentally ill. The Moscow merchant society decided to build an almshouse for 380 people and not to save money on the volume, quality of construction and amenities for those in need. It was even decided to install electric lighting in the almshouse - a rare innovation at that time. The grand opening took place on November 19, 1906. Until 1917, the almshouse was under the care of the Moscow Merchant Society; now it houses the Institute of Surgery named after. A.V. Vishnevsky.
Shelter for widows and orphans of artists
Another item in Tretyakov’s will was a shelter for widows and orphans of artists. Pavel Mikhailovich left to the city a plot of land that belonged to him near the Tretyakov Art Gallery and capital in the amount of 150 thousand rubles for “the arrangement and maintenance of free apartments in this house for widows, young children and unmarried daughters of deceased artists.” Part of this capital went to the construction of the building, and the other was converted into untouchable capital, with the interest from which this shelter was maintained. First of all, apartments were provided to widows, children and unmarried daughters of Russian artists, whose paintings were exhibited in the Tretyakov Art Gallery. Widows and girls could stay in the shelter for life, boys - until adulthood or up to 25 years old if they studied at a higher educational institution, while if the widow remarried, her young children retained the right to live in the shelter. However, a close adult relative had to be with the orphans. The building was designed for 16 apartments. Heating, lighting, medical care and food were included in the accommodation and were free. The right to live there was considered by the board of trustees. The shelter building is located at 3/8 Lavrushinsky Lane. Now the scientific departments of the State Tretyakov Gallery are located there.
Tretyakovsky proezd
In 1871, on the initiative of P.M. Tretyakov, a passage was laid between Nikolskaya Street and Teatralny Proezd on the site of a previously existing passage, but built up in the 18th century. The project was developed by architect A.S. Kaminsky, husband of Sofia Mikhailovna Tretyakova, sister of Pavel Mikhailovich: he erected two buildings in the form of ancient arched gates. There are turrets above the entrance, and the tops of the walls are decorated with battlements in the style of medieval fortresses. It is noteworthy that the passage is built into the ancient wall of China Town. As now, there were shops inside the passage: “Phoenix”, which sold Art Nouveau furniture popular among Moscow aristocrats, the Alekseev Brothers Trading House, and the trading house of Wilhelm Gaby, which sold watches and jewelry. One of the premises of the Tretyakovsky passage was occupied by a tea shop that belonged to the famous Moscow merchant Vasily Gavrilovich Kulikov. Such an urban planning solution is unique for Moscow. The street was donated to the city. Tretyakovsky Proezd is the only Moscow street built with private funds.
Video
There is a museum in the Khoroshevo-Mnevniki area, the like of which you probably won’t find anywhere else. It operates at boarding school No. 101 named after. S. Ya. Krivovyaz, where children with hearing impairment are educated. The school itself is one of the oldest educational institutions of this type in Russia. created more than a hundred years ago, with money from patrons. Then the institution was called: Arnold-Tretyakov School for the Deaf and Mutes, it opened on April 24, 1860. Its founder was Ivan Karlovich Arnold, who lost his hearing at the age of two and dedicated his life to creating an educational institution for people with hearing impairment. In 1816, his father took young Ivan to Berlin to a school for the deaf and dumb, where he took drawing lessons. Before returning to Russia, Ivan Arnold traveled around the cities of Germany, studying the experience and methods of teaching in schools for the deaf and dumb.
Uglova Olga Valerievna. 
Already in the early 1850s. Ivan Karlovich tried himself as a teacher - as a tutor to the deaf-mute son of Honorary Citizen Sazonov. In 1852, Arnold opened a small boarding house in St. Petersburg. There were 6 pupils, almost all of them were orphans or from poor families. Arnold spent his meager funds on them. In February 1853, his school was officially recognized. Pavel Weimaran, the deaf-mute son of a senator, took over the duties of the school's trustee. In 1860, Ivan Karlovich moved the school with five students to Moscow, where Moscow Governor-General P.A. Tuchkov donated 1000 rubles to the school, and other benefactors followed his example. The most generous patron of the arts was P.M. Tretyakov, founder of the famous art gallery. He was keenly interested in the problems of the school, often attended classes, and knew all the teachers.
In 1963, a new building was built for the school on the outskirts of Moscow, not far from Serebryany Bor. By this time, the educational institution began to be called: Special boarding school No. 101 for deaf children. The history of the educational institution for deaf and mute children is reflected in detail in the exhibits and documents of the museum created in 1988 at the school. The main volume of the museum's exhibits consists of objects and documents from the Soviet era, but the museum also contains very old exhibits dating back to the time of Empress Maria Feodorovna, who issued a decree of 1806 on the establishment of an experimental school for the deaf and dumb in the city of Pavlovsk. Despite the lack of any funding, the sign language interpreting museum is in excellent condition thanks to its current director, caretaker and guide, all rolled into one - Olga Valerievna Uglova.
Many are confident that the system of education and employment of deaf-mutes in Russia is a Soviet achievement of the 20th century. After all, it was in 1918 in Moscow, on Donskaya Street, building 37, that the Moscow Institute of the Deaf and Mutes appeared. And supposedly thanks to the new government, schools for hearing-impaired children began to open everywhere. However, few people know that the imperial school for the deaf and dumb appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, and education became systemic thanks to private initiative, at the expense of the merchants, and due to one family tragedy. Nikita Brusilovsky, a historian, Moscow expert, and activist of the public movement “Arkhnadzor,” talks about the building on Donskaya, the philanthropist Tretyakov, Ivan Arnold and his system of education for the deaf.
The building of the Moscow Institute of the Deaf and Mutes in Moscow on Donskaya Street, building 37; photo from 1919 from pastvu.com
By the beginning of the 19th century, there were twenty-seven thousand deaf people in the country. However, it was not this fact that inspired the son of a state councilor and a German by birth, Ivan (Eduard) Arnold, to create the first school for the deaf in Moscow. He just understood what his fellow sufferer really needed.
Ivan Arnold became deaf when he was only three years old. Having barely learned to walk, he fell unsuccessfully. A concussion and damage to the auditory nerve led to complete deafness. What future could await the boy? Obviously unenviable. But, fortunately for Ivan’s parents, through the efforts of Empress Maria Feodorovna, a school for the deaf and dumb was already opened in St. Petersburg in 1810. State Councilor, employee of the Ministry of Finance Karl Ivanovich Arnold immediately enrolled his son in the school in 1811.
True, Vanya did not study there for very long, only two years. What made Karl Ivanovich take his son from school is difficult to say now. It is possible that he was not satisfied with the very system on which the training was based. It may not have been so easy to save the place. Indeed, in the first year there were only nine children in this “experimental” school, and from very noble noble families. Surely the training was very expensive. The fact is that Karl Arnold decided to work with the child himself. He devoted all his teaching talent to his son.
Digression: family history
Here it is worth telling the story of the German Arnolds, whose origins, by the way, played a significant role in the emergence of the education system for the deaf and dumb.
Karl Ivanovich Arnold himself was an ethnic German. Born in Prussia, he studied in Danzig (present-day Gdansk, in Poland) and Berlin. He led the life of a typical German entrepreneur. Over time, he took up commercial activities and became an accountant. He came to Russia through the Baltic provinces, that is, today's Latvia and Estonia; this was generally the most German region of the empire. In Riga he met his future wife; Having married, he and his family moved to Moscow, where he began to serve in the Moscow Assignation Bank. Like a typical German, Karl Arnold was a meticulous and consistent person. Having identified a number of practical problems in the field of commerce, he not only began to write scientific works and published several self-instruction books on the basics of accounting, he opened a commercial boarding school in Moscow in 1804 (later transformed into the Imperial Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences). It taught sciences that were useful in business. The goal of the academy was to produce qualified personnel who would provide stability for future financial empires. In this regard, Arnold was very memorable in Moscow. However, looking ahead, I will say that the academy quickly forgot its creator. The portrait of Karl Ivanovich in the assembly hall appeared only after his death.
Family meant no less to Karl Arnold than science and the desire to benefit Russia in the public sphere. When it became clear that the eldest son (and there were three sons in the family) had lost his hearing, and deafness was forever, Karl Ivanovich accepted an invitation from Finance Minister Dmitry Guryev to be appointed auditor of a department of the Ministry of Finance. Where is the connection here, you ask? It's simple. To work in the ministry, he had to move to St. Petersburg, where the imperial school for the deaf and dumb had just opened.
In general, Karl Arnold was a man who was distinguished by great sensitivity, especially to his own children. He did not force any of his sons to follow in his own footsteps. On the contrary, he urged them to choose the field that was closer and more interesting to them. Let’s talk about Ivan separately and in a little more detail. But Arnold’s second son, Fedor, became a famous forester, founder of the St. Petersburg Forestry Institute and director of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The third son, Georgy, grew up to be a famous musician and composer, famous not only for his alternative melody to the romance “Evening Bells,” but also for a number of major works, including church music.
Fyodor Karlovich Arnold, brother of Ivan Karlovich, “grandfather of Russian forestry”; photo from the site russkij-tekst.ru
Deaf artist
If everything was clear with the two youngest children, then the firstborn required special attention. While studying with Ivan, his father realized early on that the boy not only had an artistic flair and style, but also an inclination and interest in design. Therefore, in 1816, he sent his son to study in Europe, the homeland of his ancestors. The boy spent three years at the Berlin Academy of Arts, while simultaneously studying at a local school for the deaf and dumb. He completed his general education in Dresden, at the boarding school of Dr. K. Lang. In 1822, Ivan Arnold entered the Dresden Academy, from which he graduated in 1824 with a silver medal.
Deaf artist. He returned to Russia. Rotated in a creative environment. He served as an artist in the Imperial Hermitage and a topographer in the department of state property. But he did all this more out of necessity than at the call of his heart. After all, the Arnold family lived more than modestly.
Ivan Arnold's career as an artist was not at all attractive, but his pedagogical gift obviously came from the family. Like his father, who, seeing problems in teaching commerce, created his own boarding school, so Ivan, understanding the difficulties of life for a deaf-mute in the hearing world, conceived the idea of a school. Moscow needed it especially badly.
Russian teacher of the deaf
It must be said that, unlike Russia (here, by the way, Poles taught), the system of teaching the deaf and dumb in Europe by that time was already put on a solid footing and was actively developing. While still in Germany, Arnold seriously studied methods of teaching the deaf and dumb. For this purpose, he attended various schools and boarding schools for two years (1824–26) in Berlin, Leipzig, Stuttgart, and Heidelberg. His idea was to introduce modern dactylological and oral communication methods into Russian soil. He couldn’t start making his dream come true right away. But I was able to test it.
Teaching conversational speech in the junior class of the Mariinsky School for the Deaf and Dumb, St. Petersburg province, village. Murzinka, 1907 Photo by K.K. Bulla studio, from the site encblago.lfond.spb.ru
General prayer before classes at the School for the Deaf and Dumb, St. Petersburg, beginning. 20th century, from the site orthedu.ru
While serving in the Hermitage, he was also a tutor to the deaf son of a St. Petersburg dignitary. After making sure that the method worked and saving money, Arnold left his service in 1852 and opened a private boarding school for the deaf. He took in four deaf-mute boys for his own support (the fifth student was financed by his parents) and began to educate them. First of all, as a teacher of the deaf, he gave them a general education, taught them reading, writing, counting, and calligraphy. Craft skills also played an equally important role in his education: learning to paint and draw, which in the 19th century became a profession and a means of livelihood for many deaf and dumb people. After all, as is known, the tendency to paint among the deaf is of a compensatory nature.
Imperial permission
There weren't enough funds. But Arnold had no intention of stopping. He dreamed of a serious establishment. Moving among the Russian nobility and merchants, Ivan Arnold enlisted the support of the powers that be. The baron, a graduate of the Imperial School for the Deaf and Mutes, Pavel Aleksandrovich Weymarn, helped him very seriously. He reported Arnold's ideas and the results of his activities to the emperor and until 1868 remained a trustee and benefactor of the Arnold School.
In February 1853, the emperor gave permission to open an educational institution and partially financed it. In order not to create competition for Maria Fedorovna’s St. Petersburg school, Arnold also asked permission to move his institution to Moscow, to Dolgorukovsky Lane.
The sixties were an era of great reforms, which contributed to Moscow becoming the financial capital. Finance and entrepreneurship are concentrated in Moscow. It is possible that Ivan Arnold understood this and hoped to find support for his ideas among the Moscow merchants, since he still did not have his own funds.
Already in 1860, the first public examination tests for students took place in Pashkov’s house in Moscow, which they passed brilliantly. Society, Moscow Governor-General Tuchkov, as well as the City Duma, received with interest and approved of Arnold, whose number of students grew rapidly.
Soon a new building was needed. But first, the “Guardian Society for the Deaf and Mutes” was created. In 1869, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov became the chairman of the board of trustees and the main benefactor. He remained so until his death in 1898. The City Duma actively promoted the school. She not only looked after him, but also financed first 10 and then 32 students, annually transferring almost ten thousand rubles for their maintenance.
Full board supported by benefactors
It is possible that Tretyakov’s first acquaintance with Arnold took place in the field of painting. However, he had his reasons for supporting Ivan Arnold's initiative. Tretyakov had a sick son. Pavel Mikhailovich knew well what a disabled person in the family was. True, the boy was not deaf; his diagnosis was listed as dementia. But it is quite obvious that, understanding the difficulties that a family faces in such a situation, Tretyakov generously donated to those who needed help. In this sense, the Arnold School was not the only one. On Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Street, Tretyakov opened a clinic for seriously ill patients with a department for mental patients. In both the first and second cases, Pavel Mikhailovich donated anonymously.
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, philanthropist and philanthropist; photo from 1898 from the site tphv-history.ru
In 1873, thanks to Tretyakov’s participation and at his expense, a large property was purchased on Donskaya Street from the Zvenigorod merchant Nikolai Komarov. The project of the three-story building was developed by the architect A. S. Kaminsky. And already in February 1876, the entire teaching staff and students moved to the new, state-of-the-art building of the Arnold School.
Children, regardless of gender, class or religion, aged 7 to 12 years, were admitted to the City Arnold School for the Deaf and Dumb (since 1900 Arnold-Tretyakov School). The course of study was designed for six to ten years, depending on the age and abilities of the student. 150 people received general and vocational education at the school, and in 1914 there were already 200 of them. Later, a ranking was introduced according to the conditions of stay (full, half board, tuition only) and a fee was introduced. Children from the poorest Moscow families (upon providing a certificate of parental income) could get into free places.
Children were taught not only speech and general education subjects, but were seriously involved in their spiritual development. In general, the training was similar to the programs of district schools. The girls were introduced to cutting and sewing techniques and needlework. Boys, due to the fact that the school had a printing house, as well as bookbinding, carpentry, tailoring and shoemaking workshops, were given appropriate professions.
The contribution that Arnold made to the system of education and rehabilitation of the deaf and dumb in Russia is priceless. His contemporaries understood this well. In 1881, by the highest decree, Ivan Karlovich Arnold was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, second degree, for his teaching activities. His school not only provided shelter and a profession for disabled people who could feed themselves in the future. The main thing that Ivan Arnold did was to turn his school into a scientific, practical and methodological base for national education of the deaf. His first students became his support in this endeavor and his successors.
Poor health and beginning to fail eyesight forced Arnold very soon to shift all matters related to the development of the school onto the shoulders of the board of trustees. He himself returned to St. Petersburg, where he got a job as a teacher at the Sestroretsk shelter for the deaf and dumb. He died here in April 1891.
The school at 37 Donskaya Street existed for quite some time. Only thirty years after the opening, a house church appeared in it. In 1906, a major renovation was carried out in the building, an extension was made, in which the “Pavlovskaya” house church was consecrated. It was consecrated in honor of Pavel Latria, the patron saint of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretkov. The building still has an altar apse and crosses on the walls, lined with bricks.
After the revolution, the house church was closed, and the school was renamed the Moscow Institute of the Deaf and Mutes. On Donskoy, 37, the institute existed until 1941, when it was evacuated to Penza. Subsequently, the building changed its owners; a variety of government agencies were located here. In 1986, the Palace of Pioneers was opened. In recent years, Lyceum No. 1553 “Lyceum on Donskoy” has been located here.
