Oblomov and his attitude to studying science. What was Oblomov's education like? Oblomov's primary education

In the novel “Oblomov,” Goncharov, for the first time in Russian literature, described such a destructive social phenomenon as “Oblomovism,” depicting it using the example of the life of the main character of the work, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. The author not only showed the negative impact of “Oblomovism” on the fate of Oblomov and the people around him, but also outlined the origins of the phenomenon, which lie in the outdated upbringing and education of Oblomov, based on feudal norms and values.

Oblomov's childhood

The author introduces us to Oblomov’s childhood and adolescence in the ninth chapter of the first part - “Oblomov’s Dream”. The hero was born into a classic old landowner family living in a remote picturesque corner - the village of Oblomovka. Little Ilya grew up in an atmosphere of love and excessive care, any of his whims was instantly fulfilled, any desire was tantamount to law. And if a child tried to explore the world on his own, or took on some business, then the parents immediately dissuaded him from any manifestations of labor, arguing that there were servants for the work. The residents of Oblomovka also did not really like to walk - any activity was alien to them, except caring for food, the love of which was a special cult on the estate. In general, Oblomovka lived in an atmosphere of laziness, idleness, half-asleep boredom and silence; they were not used to working here, and they considered any work a punishment and tried in every possible way to avoid it. The measured life of the Oblomovites was interrupted only by changes in the seasons and rituals - weddings, funerals, birthdays.

The peaceful, quiet nature, whose sleep was not disturbed by the majesty of high mountains, or the violence of the roaring sea, or violent wind storms or downpours, contributed to little Ilya’s perception of just such a measured, calm, passive way of life, where someone always does everything for him another, without disturbing the peace of continuous laziness.

Fairy tales and legends that the nanny told little Ilya played a special place in Oblomov’s upbringing. Inspiring, fantastic stories about almighty heroes ignited the imagination of the boy, who began to imagine himself as one of those fabulous, always winning heroes. And already an adult Oblomov, realizing that the nanny’s stories were just fiction, sometimes unconsciously felt sad that “why is a fairy tale not life, and why is life not a fairy tale?” He dreamed of beautiful princesses and that distant world where you can lie on the stove until a good wizard will do everything for you.

Oblomov's education

Living in Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich adopted from his relatives the basic science of life - he does not need books and education, just as his father and grandfather did not. The repetitive, ritual-based life of the Oblomovites did not require special knowledge; everything that was needed was passed on from parents to children from the very cradle. It was in such an atmosphere of complete indifference to new knowledge, seeing it as an optional and unnecessary aspect of human life, that Oblomov’s attitude to education was formed. On major holidays or in bad weather, the parents themselves left the boy at home, believing that school could always wait.

School lessons were a real torment for Ilya, and he just continued to sit there straight for show, carefully following the teacher’s speech - in fact, the hero did not understand why he needed all the knowledge given at school, or when he would need it in life . And the main question that Oblomov asked himself as a teenager was that if a person is obliged to first study for a long time and then work a lot, when will he be destined to live a full life? It seemed unnatural to Ilya to read a lot of books and learn a lot of new things; for him it was difficult and incomprehensible.

However, collections of poetry became the only outlet for Oblomov. From early childhood, sensitive to the beauty of nature, poetic, reflective, Ilya found in poetry ideas and worldviews that were close to him - only poetic terms awakened in his heart the activity and activity inherent in his close friend Andrei Stolts. However, even the most interesting books did not completely captivate Ilya Ilyich; he was in no hurry to read them one by one, enriching his mind with new knowledge and discoveries, sometimes being lazy to finish reading even the first volume, interrupting his reading with the need to go to sleep or eat. Even the fact that Oblomov did finish school and then took a science course in Moscow speaks more about the obedience and weak-willedness of the hero, who listened to his parents in everything and did not want to independently control his own destiny. It was easier for Ilya Ilyich when someone decided everything for him, and he only had to obey someone else’s will.

Conclusion

In the novel “Oblomov,” Goncharov depicted the tragic fate of a man whose life’s drama originates in an incorrect, outdated upbringing. Oblomov’s active, reflective nature is mired in the swamp of “Oblomov’s” traditions and norms, which literally kill the active principle of the hero’s personality.

The problem of raising Oblomov in the novel “Oblomov” does not end with the death of the main character, remaining a sharp stumbling block for the Russian philistinism of the 19th century, who do not want to change the usual, old norms of raising children. Moreover, the issue of “Oblomov’s” upbringing remains open in our time, revealing the destructive influence of overprotective parents on the lives of their children.

Work test

Introduction Oblomov's Childhood Oblomov's Education Conclusion

Introduction

Childhood

Oblomov

The author introduces us to Oblomov’s childhood and adolescence in the ninth chapter of the first part – “Oblomov’s Dream”. The hero was born into a classic old landowner family living in a remote picturesque corner - the village of Oblomovka. Little Ilya grew up in an atmosphere of love and excessive care, any of his whims was instantly fulfilled, any desire was tantamount to law. And if a child tried to explore the world on his own, or took on some business, then the parents immediately dissuaded him from any manifestations of labor, arguing that there were servants for the work.
The residents of Oblomovka also did not really like to walk - any activity was alien to them, except caring for food, the love of which was a special cult on the estate. In general, Oblomovka lived in an atmosphere of laziness, idleness, half-asleep boredom and silence; they were not used to working here, and they considered any work a punishment and tried in every possible way to avoid it. The measured life of the Oblomovites was interrupted only by changes in the seasons and rituals - weddings, funerals, birthdays.

Oblomov's education

Living in Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich adopted from his relatives the basic science of life - he does not need books and education, just as his father and grandfather did not. The repetitive, ritual-based life of the Oblomovites did not require special knowledge; everything that was needed was passed on from parents to children from the very cradle. It was in such an atmosphere of complete indifference to new knowledge, seeing it as an optional and unnecessary aspect of human life, that Oblomov’s attitude to education was formed.
On major holidays or in bad weather, the parents themselves left the boy at home, believing that school could always wait.

Conclusion

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Oblomov and Stolz

Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov (The principle of antithesis)

The entire figurative system of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is aimed at revealing the character and essence of the main character. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the sofa, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make his dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolts, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, which is five miles from Oblomovka. The first two chapters of the second part contain a detailed account of Stolz’s life and the conditions in which his active character was formed.

1. General features:

a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and is already over thirty”);

b) religion;

c) training at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verchlöw;

d) service and quick retirement;

e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;

f) kind attitude towards each other.

2. Various features:

A ) portrait;

Oblomov . “He was a man about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence of any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.”

«… flabby beyond his years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by its matte finish, too white neck, small plump arms, soft shoulders, seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained softness and not devoid of a kind of graceful laziness.”

Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fatty roundness...”

Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.

b) parents, family;

Oblomov's parents are Russian; he grew up in a patriarchal family.

Stolz comes from the philistine class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). “Stolz was only half German, on his father’s side; his mother was Russian; He professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian...” The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but Stolz’s Russian entourage prevented him.

c) education;

Oblomov moved “from hugs to hugs of family and friends,” his upbringing was patriarchal in nature.

Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”

When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.”

Upbringing, like education, was dual: dreaming that his son would grow up to be a “good bursh,” the father in every possible way encouraged boyish fights, without which the son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart,” Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from - and every time young Stlts returned with the lessons he had learned.

From his father he received a “hard-working, practical upbringing,” and his mother introduced him to beauty and tried to instill in little Andrei’s soul a love of art and beauty. His mother “seemed the ideal of a gentleman in her son,” and his father accustomed him to hard, not at all lordly, work.

d) attitude towards studying at a boarding house;

Oblomov studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched... a nerve”

Stolz always studied well and was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school

e) further education;

Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until he was twenty, then graduated from the university.

Stolz graduated from the university with flying colors. Parting with his father, who was sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly follow his father’s advice and go to Ivan Bogdanovich’s old friend Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reingold. Such independence and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov so lacks.

f) lifestyle;

“Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was his normal state.”

Stolz has a thirst for activity

g) housekeeping;

Oblomov did not do business in the village, received little income and lived on credit.

Stolz serves successfully, resigns to do his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia.

h) life aspirations;

In his youth, Oblomov “prepared for the field,” thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal became a carefree life in unity with nature, family, and friends.

Stolz chose an active beginning in his youth... Stolz’s ideal of life is continuous and meaningful work, this is “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”

i) views on society;

Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead men, sleeping people”; they are characterized by insincerity, envy, the desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means; he is not a supporter of progressive forms of farming.

According to Stolz, with the help of the establishment of “schools”, “piers”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “detritus” should be turned into comfortable estates that generate income.

j) attitude towards Olga;

Oblomov wanted to see a loving woman capable of creating a serene family life.

Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to imagine an ideal family, a true ideal, which fails in Oblomov’s life: “we worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music< …>just as Oblomov dreamed... Only there was no drowsiness, no despondency, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no sluggish look, no words; their conversation never ended, it was often heated.”

k) relationship and mutual influence;

Oblomov considered Stoltz his only friend, capable of understanding and helping, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.

Stolz highly appreciated the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz does everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also rose to the occasion: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the machinations of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who deceived Oblomov into signing a false loan letter.

Oblomov is accustomed to living according to Stolz’s orders; in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stoltz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, Oblomov is in no hurry to follow Stoltz’s advice: their concepts of life, work, and application of strength are too different.

After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes in Oblomov’s son, Andryusha, named after him.

m) self-esteem ;

Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.

m) character traits ;

Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, and not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.

Stolz is active, sharp, practical, neat, loves comfort, open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was “afraid of every dream.” Happiness for him lay in consistency. According to Goncharov, he “knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive...”.

The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.

Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.

Stolz in Goncharov’s novel was given the role of a person capable of breaking Oblomovism and reviving the hero. According to critics, the unclear idea of Goncharov about the role of “new people” in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. According to Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not depict the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. By showing Stolz's Parisian life with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero

So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and complete opposite to the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, to tell us this almighty word “forward!” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a “man of action” in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stolz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.

In the work “Oblomov,” Goncharov touches on the theme of common vices inherent in society in any era: laziness, indifference, reluctance to change fate for the better.

The author describes Oblomov’s childhood in detail so that the reader can understand the reasons that influenced the formation of his weak-willed character. Indecisiveness made him a failure. The writer suggests that such behavior will not lead to a happy and fulfilling life.

Guardianship of relatives

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spent a carefree childhood in the village of Oblomovka. On the family estate he lived not only with his mother and father. In addition to the servants, many relatives lived there.

“He’s cute and plump. Such round cheeks."

He was the only child in the family. The household fed the boy with all kinds of sweets.

“The entire retinue of the house picked up Ilyushka in their arms and began showering him with praise and affection. He barely had time to wipe away the marks of uninvited kisses.”

Before the youngest Oblomov had time to wake up, the nanny rushed towards him to help him get up and get dressed. Next, my mother hurried from the next room to her beloved son. The woman showered the boy with tenderness and excessive care.

“She examined him with a greedy gaze, checked whether his eyes were cloudy, wondered if anything hurt.”

The boy understood that all his whims were instantly fulfilled. He turned into the same lazy person, indifferent to all manifestations of life, like those around him. If he tried to do something on his own, his loved ones suppressed all his aspirations.

“As soon as Ilya wants something, as soon as he blinks, three or four lackeys rush to fulfill his wishes.”

It was turned into an exotic plant, growing slowly in a greenhouse.

“All manifestations of activity and strength turned inward and withered away.”

Sometimes the boy had an irresistible desire to run away from home, to lose the care of each member of the household. As soon as he went down the stairs or ran out into the yard, several people were already hurrying after him, shouting and prohibiting him.

Playfulness and curiosity

Little Ilya grew up as an active child. When he saw that the adults were busy, he instantly tried to hide from their care.

“He so passionately wanted to run up to the gallery surrounding the house to look at the river from above.”

They caught up with him, and he again tried to escape to the dovecote, into the ravine, or into the birch forest, where goblins and werewolves could be found. That's what the nanny said. It happened that she spent the whole day in turmoil and running after her pupil.

Oblomov grew up inquisitive.

“He becomes quiet, sits next to the nanny, looks at everything so intently. Observes all the phenomena taking place in front of him.”

He asks her why there is light and darkness, notices that a shadow is formed from a horse harnessed to the reins on the ground, compares the sizes, realizing that the barrel is many times larger than the footman carrying it on a cart.

Going out for a walk outside the yard, while the governess is hiding in the cold, the baby closely watches the beetles, catches dragonflies, and places them on a straw. He will jump into a ditch, start peeling the roots, and eat them instead of sweet apples.

“Not a single detail, not a single feature escapes the child’s attention. The picture of home life is etched into the soul, saturating the child’s mind with examples, unconsciously imposing the program of the child’s fate on the life around him.”

The habits of parents and loved ones who shaped the character of little Ilya.

The Oblomov estate believed that craft does not ennoble a person at all.

“Ilya’s relatives endured labor as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, but they could not love.”

The boy's father preferred only to observe the servants and relatives, ask them about their activities, and give instructions. Mother could talk for hours with the footmen, the residents of the house. She loved to be in the garden and watch the fruits grow.

“The main concern of the family was the kitchen and dinner.”

Everyone got together and heatedly discussed cooking. This was followed by rest. “Silence reigns in the house. It’s time for afternoon nap.” A similar state took possession of everyone. Sniffling and snoring could be heard from all corners of the house.

“Ilyusha watched everything.

It’s rare that someone will raise their head, look senselessly, turn over on the other side in surprise, spit out of sleep, chew their lips, and fall asleep again.” At this time, the adults did not care at all that little Ilya could be left completely unattended.

His relatives were always in a carefree mood; they did not strive to improve their lives, but rejoiced at what was sent to them. Their life flowed like a quiet river. If something went wrong in the house or collapsed, it was rarely repaired. It was easier for people to talk about christenings, weddings, and the beliefs associated with them. They discussed all kinds of recipes, went to visit, played cards. This lifestyle of loved ones left an indelible mark on the formation of the character and habits of young Oblomov. Gradually, as the boy grew older, general laziness took possession of him.

Education

Parents believed that learning to read and write was a very exhausting and unnecessary activity. They wanted their son to receive his diploma as quickly as possible, without putting much effort into it. At the age of thirteen, “the father and mother sat the spoiled boy down to read books.” It cost them tears, whims and cries. He was sent to the village of Verkhlevo, to a boarding school.

The son did not have any particular zeal for learning. When he came home, he tried to use any excuse to stay on the estate as long as possible.

“He came to his mother sad. She knew why. I secretly sighed about being separated from him for a whole week.”

His parents encouraged his every request. They were looking for an excuse for their weak-willed behavior. The reasons why the boy remained on the estate were varied. The problem for them could be heat or cold, parent's Saturday, a holiday, or the upcoming preparation of pancakes. Mother and father did not think about the negative features of such upbringing. The adult Ilya Oblomov will have to face the consequences of excessive parental love more than once.

1) Where was Ilya Oblomov born? Answer: in Oblomovka (the common, combined name of the villages of Sosnovka and Vavilovka - the possessions of the Oblomov family). To be more precise, Ilya Oblomov was born in Sosnovka. 2) What kind of education did he receive, what rank does he have? Answer: rank - collegiate secretary (later Oblomov resigned and never returned to government activities); education: studied until age 15 at a boarding school. He then continued his studies in Moscow, according to the decision of his parents.

(Oblomov took a course in practical legal proceedings). I studied reluctantly and tried not to do more than the norm. 3) What income does Oblomov live on? What do we know about his financial situation? Answer: Ilya Oblomov is a nobleman. He lives on income from Oblomovka (men, working in Oblomovka, sell bread) (+ perhaps he received some small income during the short period when he was in public service). Financial situation: during the life of my parents, I lived in two rooms. The servant is one Zakhar. With the death of his parents, his financial situation improved: his income increased, 350 souls became his property; Then, judging by the letter from the headman, we can say that the financial situation is improving a little. In the second half of the novel, Oblomov has a significant debt for an apartment on Vyborgskaya and a “debt” that must be paid to Agafya Matveevna (a scam by Tarantyev and Agafya Matveevna’s brother). But, thanks to Stolz, everything is resolved successfully. Stolz also sends a reliable headman to Oblomovka, thanks to which the income from it increases and is paid regularly. 4) What is the name of the book that Oblomov has been “reading” for many years? Answer: "Journey to Africa." 5) What is Ilya Oblomov’s dream about? Answer: he dreams of his native land, dreams of his childhood. In a dream, he sees how, as a seven-year-old boy, he plays pranks on the street, disobeying adults. He dreams of how he dozes in his mother’s arms, he dreams of life in the Oblomovs’ house during his childhood (preparing for dinners, everyone’s afternoon nap, and so on). Ilya Oblomov also dreams about how his nanny tells him various fairy tales. He listens to them carefully. Also in a dream, Oblomov sees a fragment from his childhood: a letter is brought to the Oblomov family, but they decide to open it only on the fourth day, fearing that it contains bad news. But their worries turn out to be in vain: the letter contains a request to Oblomov: to send a beer recipe. (In his dream, Ilya Ilyich also sees fragments from his childhood, when he goes to study with Stolz). Summarizing all the fragments, we can say that Oblomov dreams of various passages from his childhood, full of various, mostly pleasant events. 6) What is known about the parents of Andrei Stolts? Answer: mother is Russian, father is German. My father was a manager in the village of Verkhlevo (as well as a teacher, agronomist, and technologist). The father and mother gave proper education and upbringing to their son. Andrey's father was especially concerned about this. He instilled in the child knowledge, independence, and taught him to work (the mother did not like her son’s labor upbringing, she saw him as a master, not a worker). When Andrei Stolts went to St. Petersburg after finishing his studies, his mother was no longer alive. 7) What does Stolz do in life? Answer: Stolz served, then retired, went about his own business, amassed quite a bit of capital and a house. He is involved in a campaign sending goods overseas. During his life, Stolz travels a lot, due to which he rarely gets to see Oblomov. Stolz is a hardworking, purposeful person. (I think that an important activity in his life is often helping his friend, Ilya Oblomov). 8) How does Oblomov meet Olga Ilyinskaya? Answer: The first mention of Olga Ilyinskaya occurs when Oblomov describes Stoltz’s ideal life (in his opinion). Ilya Ilyich mentions the aria Casta diva, and Stolz says that Olga Ilyinskaya would perform it perfectly, that he will definitely introduce them. The acquaintance itself occurs thanks to Stolz. He brought Oblomov to the house of Olga and her aunt. Then he started a conversation with Olga, in which he mentioned Ilya Oblomov. This became clear due to the fact that during the conversation Olga Ilyinskaya often turned her gaze to Oblomov. After the conversation, she also looked at him. But he did not dare to start a conversation with her. Only after several dinners with Aunt Olga was he ready to talk to the lady. The first conversation between Olga Ilyinskaya and Oblomov took place on the balcony. Olga started the conversation. And from then on, their relationship began to gradually develop. 9) When does the reader first meet Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna? What do we know about her family? Answer: the reader first meets this heroine when Oblomov goes to the Vyborg side, to his new apartment. Agafya Matveevna is the owner of this apartment; Agafya Matveevna is the widow of the collegiate secretary Pshenitsyn. There are two children: Vanya (8 years old), Masha (6 years old). Agafya’s brother lives with them in the apartment. There is a servant - Akulina. Agafya Pshenitsyna and her children, unlike her brother, are rarely seen in society. 10) How did Olga and Oblomov break up? Answer: 4 months have passed since Olga and Ilya met. Ilya Ilyich went to visit Olga. In the Ilyinskys’ house, they had a conversation about a letter from the village. Afterwards, Olga feels bad and goes to her room. When she returns to Oblomov, a conversation takes place between them (at Olga’s initiative), as a result of which they decide to break off their relationship. This conversation and this decision occurred as a result of the fact that Olga realized: she was mistaken in Oblomov. She thought that Ilya Ilyich would change under her influence, become more decisive in business, less lazy, less slow, but she was wrong. Therefore, in order not to continue her life with such Oblomov, so as not to live in the future in Oblomovshchina, Olga decides to break off the relationship between her and Ilya. 11) What is the name of Oblomov’s son? Answer: Oblomov’s son’s name is Andrei. After Oblomov’s death, Andrei and Olga Stolts, with the consent of Agafya Matveevna, take Andryusha Oblomov to their upbringing.