List of Tatar surnames: female and male names in alphabetical order, as well as origin and meaning. Beautiful Muslim Bashkir and Tatar surnames list Tatar surnames

Round table “BUSINESS Online”: Tatar Murzas and their role in the formation of national identity

Today the question of the formation of new elites in society is acute: what is the new Tatar elite, does it exist? And how should it respond to the issues of our time, to the challenges that the Tatar nation faces, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language? Representatives of ancient Tatar families - the Murzas from Kazan and Ufa - sought answers to these and other questions in the BUSINESS Online editorial office.

Round table participants:

Bulat Yaushev- leader of the meeting of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Alexey von Essen- leader of the nobility assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Rashid Gallam— Candidate of Historical Sciences, former researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan;

Gali Enikeev— independent historian, lawyer (Ufa);

Nail Chanyshev- Member of the Tatar Noble Assembly of the Republic of Belarus, reserve officer (Ufa);

Farhad Gumarov— Candidate of Historical Sciences, head of the discussion club “Greater Eurasia”;

Gadel Safin- Head of an IT company.

Moderators:

Farit Urazaev— Candidate of Historical Sciences, member of the meeting of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Ruslan Aisin- political scientist.

“THIS WAS AN ERA WHEN THE CONCEPT OF ELITES WAS TURNED ON YOUR HEAD”

Who can be considered the elite of Tatar society today? The answer to this question was sought by representatives of the Tatar nobility - the Murzas - at the round table “Tatar Murzas and their historical role in the formation of national identity”, this was the topic of the meeting at the BUSINESS Online editorial office. “Today the issue of forming new elites in our society is acute. We lived in the large Russian state for 100 years after the revolution, and it was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down: everything in society was mixed up, confused. And this had a detrimental effect on the state of the entire society, its socio-economic and political development,” the leader of the meeting of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan began the round table. Bulat Yaushev.

Bulat Yaushev: “We lived in the big Russian state for 100 years after the revolution, and it was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down”

At the same time, the representative of the oldest Tatar family added that there is a natural history, an understanding of what the elites of society are and how they should be formed correctly. “There are many examples of this concept from various countries and peoples, there are even mathematical theories that describe the process of formation of elites. These historical patterns cannot be broken; they inevitably make themselves felt. Today we would like to see these correct science-based processes emerge again and lead to our society returning to healthy, natural development,” he said.

Rashid Galliam: “The theme of the Murzas is the most important layer in the history of the Tatar people and at the same time the history of Russia as a whole”

Candidate of Historical Sciences Rashid Gallam gave a brief description of the concept of “Murza”. “The theme of the Murzas is the most important layer in the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole. The term “Murza” means “son of the emir” - a member of the ruling dynasty. The Tatars used it in several variants, depending on the dialect - Morza, Mirza and Myrza,” the scientist noted. This term, according to Galliam, was brought to the Golden Horde from Persia. “Murza is a large feudal lord, landowner, head of a clan, a horde,” he clarified and cited the names of well-known Murzas: this is the leader Idegey, Yusuf(From Yusuf Murza came the famous Russian noble family of the Yusupovs - approx. ed.) and his brother Ismagil- the queen's father Syuyumbike. “Later this status was leveled. In 1713, under Peter I, during the Christianization of the Tatars, the Murzas were ordered to accept baptism; if they refused, their lands were taken away and handed over to the Russian feudal lords. At this time, many Murzas were transferred to the taxable estate, although some Murzas retained both their title and some privileges. They were included in the nobility already during the time of Catherine II. Since then, some of the former Murzas entered the nobility, and some took up trade. From among the Murzas came famous mullahs, philanthropists, industrialists, and so on. The next stage begins in the Soviet and modern era, when the title “Murza” has a purely nominal meaning, a certain code of prestige, but does not carry a real social load,” the historian recalled. At the same time, the round table participants noted that “half of the noble families of Russia bore Tatar surnames.”

“Adapting to persecution, many Murzas became clergy, imams, muftis, since they could not be baptized,” the round table moderator especially noted Farit Urazaev. “Both in the Russian Empire and in Soviet times, people from these families reached very serious heights, although the Soviet system harshly persecuted and repressed them. But many births took place in Soviet times and retained this code. For example, more than 200 candidates and doctors of science came from the Chanyshev family. A phenomenal phenomenon! There is also the village of Tatar Kargaly in Bashkortostan, 250 outstanding personalities came from it: composers, writers, artists, scientists, military men. This phenomenon has not yet been studied,” Urazaev added and gave the floor to a representative of the Chanyshev family Nail Chanyshev from Ufa.

The former military man spoke about the history of his family, from which, as Urazaev already noted, more than 200 scientists emerged, as well as their contribution to the development of Tatar society. In particular, Shaikhilislam Chanyshev took an active part in the public life of the Tatars in Moscow, with his direct participation the Asadullaev House was returned to the Tatar community, now the Tatar Cultural Center of Moscow is located there. And the lieutenant colonel Shagiakhmet Rakhmetullin son Chanyshev awarded the medal “For the Capture of Paris” in the wars of 1812–1815. “The Chanyshevs, like many others, unlike the family of the richest family of the Russian Empire, the Yusupovs, refused to be baptized, as a result of which they lost their estates, bore state duties, were subject to a capitation salary and lost their previous status and title, after which they moved to the Ufa province.” , said Chanyshev.

Gali Enikeev: “History is part of ideology, it shapes worldview”

“THE ROMAN-GERMAN YOKE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN RUSSIA”

Due to the fact that most of the ancient archives of Muslims were preserved in Ufa, in 1993 Garden of Murza Enikeev For the first time, the Tatar Noble Assembly of the Republic of Belarus was created. Since 1997, the regular newspaper “Noble Messenger” (“Morzalar Khabarchese”) has been published. . Later, in Kazan in 2006, the “Meeting of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan” (“Majlis of Tatar Murzas”) was registered. .

“The organization began its work by studying the history of ancient families and clans. The Murzas have always been the most educated class and bearers of traditions and advanced knowledge. This left its mark on many generations. The example of the Chanyshev family is striking, but not the only one; we see similar manifestations in many genera. Studying the history of our families, our clans, we delve into the study of the history of the entire Tatar people - we find various documents in the archives. I would like the view of the modern generation to be directed deeper into its history. This is sorely lacking in modern life. Knowledge of the history of one’s people and one’s ancestors forms national self-awareness and personal self-identification. National identity, in turn, creates motivation to preserve the native language and culture. This direction in our activities is the most important, and we are trying to connect the younger generation to the knowledge of the real history of the Tatars,” said the leader of the meeting of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan Bulat Yaushev.

Gali Enikeev, another representative of the ancient Tatar family, a lawyer by profession, wrote five books about the history of the Tatars (“Crown of the Horde Empire”, “Genghis Khan and the Tatars: Myths and Reality”, “Heritage of the Tatars” and others), the sixth is being prepared. “I read the entire history of the USSR, translated from Russian into Tatar, in the 4th grade. History is part of ideology, it shapes the worldview,” he explained his interest. Even then I had many questions about this story.

Murza and scientists noted the importance of studying the objective history of the Tatar people. Thus, the head of the discussion club “Greater Eurasia” in the Republic of Tatarstan, Candidate of Historical Sciences Farhad Gumarov told how the Tatar Murzas and Eurasianism as a certain concept are connected. “The Golden Horde civilization played an important role in the fate of many peoples in Eurasia. However, its role was subsequently distorted. Since the time of Peter I, foreigners from Western Europe or their supporters gradually began to occupy important positions in the state. Both Klyuchevsky and Lomonosov spoke about this. According to one of the founders of the theory of Eurasianism, Trubetskoy, a Romano-Germanic yoke was established in Russia. And so, over time, they began to unfairly describe the Golden Horde heritage of Muscovy as a time of savagery and robbery, given that more than half of the noble families were associated with the Tatar Murzas. And it was the Eurasians who were the first to ask the question of whether the history of Russia, written by Europeans, was true. And based on the scientific base, they came to the conclusion that the Turkic Tatars acted in the Eurasian expanses as the leading state-forming nation and the custodian of Eurasian traditions,” he noted.

At the same time, all participants in the round table agreed that representatives of some famous Tatar families need to move away from the scale of microhistory, when the Murzas study only the history of their surnames, and go beyond these limits. “The history of the Murzas is not generalized, there are separate articles by individual scientists, there are books devoted to individual genera, but there is no generalizing work, there is still no fundamental book,” Gallam expressed his concern. At the same time, Urazaev added that the process of mobilizing the Tatar Murzas and scientists is now underway in order to hold an international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the history of the Tatar Murzas and nobles.

“IF SOMEONE SOLVES THIS PROBLEM, HE WILL BE A REAL MURZA, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATIONAL ELITE”

The participants of the round table also did not ignore the burning topic of studying the Tatar language in schools today for everyone. “What is the elite now? And how should the new Tatar elite respond to the challenges facing the Tatar nation, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language. What is the new Tatar elite, does it exist? If not, what should it be and how should it respond to the issues of our time? — asked another round table moderator, a political scientist Ruslan Aisin. “The topic “Tatar Murzas and their historical role in the formation of national identity,” in my opinion, is a very important defining topic, because what is a “nation”? A nation is, first of all, self-determination. We must understand that the thickness of the people, the masses of the people, is not a collective mind. Only a few people make a nation—namely, representatives of the elite. It so happened historically that these elites, who made the Tatars into a nation - an imperial nation, an advanced nation, which not only captured, as they said here, Eurasian territories, but reached Egypt - were made by the rulers of Egypt, the Mamluks ( Turkic Kipchaks — approx. ed.). Therefore, we must say that we are crossing even these boundaries, because, being a nomadic civilization, we do not have a horizon, we are overcoming the horizon. It is very important that it was the Murzas who acted as the elite and the factor that built this nation-building pyramid. Today, now, unfortunately, this topic is disappearing, because we do not know our roots, our history,” he noted.

“This has been a painful topic for me all my life, because if a people does not have a language, they lose their face as a people. Why does this question affect everyone, because until I was 17 years old I spoke with my grandmother, and then I did not have the opportunity to practice and continue to learn the Tatar language. I believe that all efforts should be devoted to improving material well-being or solving some technical problem, but not forgetting to search for new methods and forms, and they exist, in order to raise the Tatar language to a level so that a person can think and speak in their native language language. A person who knows two languages ​​- Russian and Tatar - perfectly will discover great opportunities for himself in the future in the formation of a Eurasian worldview. If someone solves this problem, he will be a real murza. And if you make language secondary, then this is a quiet assimilation, the same as Christianization,” Chanyshev supported the language theme and cited the Yusupov family as an example. “If you love money, accept Christianity.”

“Language is not just a linguistic construct, it is a style of thinking. Speakers of different languages ​​formulate and structure their thoughts differently. This aspect of language determines the cultural portrait of a nation. The language must be preserved because it is the heritage of our culture, because it is the method and style of our national thinking. If we lose it, we will lose our uniqueness. What is connected with the current language situation: external forces are systematically trying to make us an object of manipulation, and we have all felt the pressure of this manipulation since childhood. In this case, the distorted perception of history from school textbooks is crucial. An example is the history of the Golden Horde, the history of the so-called Tatar-Mongol yoke. This is, to put it mildly, not true. “Black Legend”, as Lev Gumilyov said. And this untruth, implanted in the consciousness of the majority of the population from school, is the basis of interfaith and interethnic conflict. We want to get away from it, but we just can’t; our consciousness holds us, because it was formed from childhood. And now one of the most important tasks for all of us and the thinking part of our society is to begin to study real history. Return to historical facts, books written by serious independent researchers. If we come to this, we will understand that there is no confrontation between the nations inhabiting the Russian Federation, we have all lived here for centuries, we must be friends and cooperate, as we have cooperated since ancient times. And in principle there should be no problems. Russians must respect the fact that the Tatars and other peoples know their language and history, and the Tatars must watch with satisfaction how the Russian nation develops, prospers and improves. After all, we live in a country that our ancestors built together,” added the leader of the meeting of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan Yaushev.

And the moderator of the round table, Urazaev, in order to draw closer attention of the round table participants, focused on sad statistics. Since the 90s, after the collapse of the Soviet empire, the Russian people at their core have been experiencing a deep depression: one day, 25 million Russians were left outside their homeland and did not want to return; demographic indicators over the past 25 years record population decline; every year hundreds of villages disappear from the map of the country, land is devastated, especially in central Russia and the Far East; in recent years, about 20 million people have appeared in Russia living below the poverty line; An increase in the retirement age and the outflow of young people with higher education from Russia (about 30%) to different countries can sharply worsen the socio-economic situation of the population.

At the same time, in the Baltic countries, Ukraine and Central Asian countries, the Russian language as a means of interethnic communication is being removed from the school curriculum. This is a stressful factor for the Russian population. However, in the Russian Federation itself, in areas where Tatars live compactly, Tatar schools have been systematically closed over the last quarter of a century. What remains is the ethno-cultural component - two to three hours of Tatar language or literature per week, and in many areas this is not even the case. These problems, after the abolition of the agreement between the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, came to our republic. “When the first Tatar gymnasiums opened, and this was the desire of the parents, I sent my children to Tatar kindergartens and schools. I didn't have any problems. When I sent my grandson, who speaks the Tatar language, to kindergarten, within six months he lost his native speech. That is, in Tatarstan, education of my children and grandson in their native language at the present stage is not guaranteed by the state. Unfortunately, the assimilation of a nation begins not from school, but right from kindergarten. We not only need to study history, but we will also have to rebuild the national education system. These problems specifically concern me, as a grandfather, as a parent. We have one homeland, we have lived here and will continue to live here. I am the same taxpayer, but some are provided with the conditions for learning their native language, while others are not. At one time we wanted to be the “Soviet people”, but for certain reasons it disappeared. Now they say: “We are the Russian people.” But before becoming a Russian people, I, as a citizen of this country, as a representative of the Tatar nation, must know whether the state guarantees my unshakable rights to preserve the Tatar language and culture on a legislative basis. Violation of constitutional rights, unfortunately, does not contribute to the formation of civil society,” concluded Urazaev.

“NOW WE HAVE AN ELITE OF MONEY, AN ELITE OF CLANS”

At the same time, Aisin noted that the role of the Murzas is very important here. “Even before the revolution, it was not easy for the Tatars: their freedom of religion was violated. What did the Murzas do? These are people of serious, great consciousness, because they were responsible for the fate of the nation, and thanks to them we now have our religion of Islam, which they brought to us, and the language, and history, and cultural matrix. Now their role is greater than ever. Who, if not them? When we talk about people, we must understand that this concept is quite abstract and amorphous. It is made into a people by certain people: specific historians who write books, specific Murzas: the Chanyshevs, the Yaushevs, and so on. They personify this people and lead it. If they don’t exist, then the people will simply crumble, which is what we are getting now. Do we have a genuine elite or not? If there is no elite, then everything falls apart. All we get in recent years is an elite identity crisis. Apparently, there is no layer that could, like the Murzas in their time for 500 years, preserve this entire rich tradition. And now, unfortunately, we can lose all this very quickly,” Aisin said.

“All descendants of nobles during Soviet times came under the heavy influence of the state. Nobles at that time were not allowed into higher educational institutions,” added another participant in the round table, the leader of the nobility assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan Alexey von Essen. At the same time, von Essen is confident that in order to raise a new elite, it is not enough to teach a person good manners. “Tradition, which is passed down through the family, forces a person to be cultured. To become a cultured person, it is not enough to learn how to hold a spoon and fork correctly and smile. A family of two or three generations should live in abundance and in order, which is not the case now. What do you understand by the Soviet and post-Soviet elite? That elite - the Murz, the nobles - was a community of people that treated representatives of other classes with respect. Now we have an elite of money, an elite of clans. Every rich person considers himself an elite and creates groups around himself. We are heading into the 1990s. Is this the elite? We must decide on this issue,” he emphasized.

“The question arose about what is the main value base of our society, not only the Tatar one, but more broadly,” Aisin agreed with him. — During the World Cup, we saw that a certain value substitution was taking place: everyone shouted “hurray, hurray.” When the nation or people that inhabit these spaces do not have systemic values, they are replaced by some kind of ideological simulacra.” “Such jingoism,” the Murzas agreed with him.

“The elite are people who have introduced some kind of ideological superstructure. What should be the main value orientation of the Tatars, their traditional historical elite - the Murzas? — Aisin wondered. And he himself, at the request of the round table participants, answered it. “What is the Tatar elite? What should it consist of? What things should it be formed from? Unfortunately, a certain thread, a connection with the historical past, where great ancestors were, has been lost; part of this greatness is unknown, part of it has been conveyed to us. But, unfortunately, our current rulers are happy to squander this whole business and simply make money economically. What should the elite consist of now? These are, first of all, those people who are ready to sacrifice for the benefit of society, who are ready to invest their intellectual and existential resources in the development of the nation. These are the people who are ready to give, not take. Plus, these are people with an excess of a certain internal passionary energy. These are people with a special seal who are chosen to lead the people forward. There cannot be many such people, but without this elite you can’t get anywhere. I think that those present here are also representatives of the Tatar elite, because, firstly, they pose the question “why did this happen?”, and secondly, “what to do?” If people ask such a question, they are already at the first stage. The second stage is, in fact, action.” “That is, you will recognize them by their deeds,” Urazaev noted.

Head of an IT company Gadel Safin noted that uniting young people under one idea is not so easy now: “The situation among young people is deplorable, since there is social discord, differentiation: along national, ethnic and, most importantly, religious lines. There are entire channels that incite this discord, and there are channels that, on the contrary, consolidate. I have nothing to do with the Murzas, so it’s difficult for me to say anything on this topic.” “Every time puts forward its own murzas, intellectuals - this is the request of the time. Yes, there are hereditary Murzas who make their contribution, and there are intellectuals, they are also Murzas, who have enormous potential and contribute their knowledge to the development of society. In this regard, you are a young Murza, the future of the Tatar nation; people of intellectual labor who are making and will make their contribution,” Urazaev objected to him. “Being a Murza is a great responsibility for yourself, for your family, for your clan, for your nation, for the fatherland where we live,” he concluded.

Tatar surnames. The meaning of Tatar surnames

BABICHEVS. Specific princely family. From Baba Ivan Semyonovich, governor of Vytautas, who went to serve Vasily I and Vasily II. In the 16th century, the following are mentioned: in Moscow, Prince Kolyshka Babichev, in Kazan, under 1568, “the court of Prince Boris son of Babichev.” Related to the Beklemishevs and Polivanovs. According to N.A. Baskakov, from Bai bacha “son of a rich man.” Judging by the lands in the Ryazan region and the service in Kazan, they come from Kazan and, perhaps, even from Bulgar.

BAGININS.

In the embassy order under 1698, Takhtarali Baginin was noted. Nobles since the 17th century. Bagi - Baki" is a personal name from the Arab-Turkic "eternal".

BAGRIMOV. The OGDR reports that Bagrim left the Great Horde to visit Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich in 1425. In 1480, clerk Ivan Denisovich Bagrimov was celebrated in Kashin, in 1566 Yuri Borisovich Bagrimov in Dmitrov. Tatar surname from bagrim “my heart”, “darling”.

BAZANINS. Nobles since 1616. From the Turkic nickname bazan, bazlan "screamer".BAZHANOVS.

Nobles since the 17th century. From the Turkic-Tatar bazh “brother-in-law, husband of the wife’s sister.” Subsequently, architects and scientists. BAZAROVS.

Nobles from the end of the 16th century. Temir Bazarov in Yaroslavl was noted under 1568. Nickname for people born on market days. BAIBAKOVS.

Nobles since the 17th century. In the 17th century, clerk Ivan Prokopievich Baibakov was noted, and in 1646 he was ambassador to Holland. The surname is from the Arabic-Turkic bay bak "eternally rich." Subsequently, military personnel, scientists, public figures. Nobles from the 16th century, estate in Rylsk. In 1533, the interpreter of Vasily III in Kazan, Fyodor Baikachkar, was mentioned. From Turkic-Tatar. nicknames bai kachkar "rich wolf".

BAIKOVS. Baybulat Baykov - Tatar serviceman in 1590 in Arzamas. From him, the Baykovs are landowners in Ryazan, Ryazhsk, where people from the Kazan-Mishar environment were usually located.

BAIKULOVS. Estates from the end of the 16th century near Ryazan. Baykulov Fedor Timofeevich was mentioned in 1597 in Ryazan. Judging by the location of the estate, he comes from the Kazan-Mishar environment. The nickname bai kul is Turkic "rich slave".

BAYMAKOVS, At the end of the 15th century, an estate in Novgorod. In 1554, Bakhtiyar Baymakov was the ambassador of Ivan IV. Last name and first name are Turkic-Persian: baymak “hero”, bakhtiyar “happy”.

BAYTERYAKOVS. Nobles since the 17th century. From Murza Bayteryak from Nogai, related to the Yusupovs. From the Kazan-Tatar nickname bai tiryak "family tree".

BAIQINGS. Tolmachi, Abdul are mentioned under 1564 in Moscow.

BAKAEVS. Among the nobles since 1593. From the proper name Bakiy, Baki "eternal". Baskakov suggests the transformation "Bakaev - Bakiev - Makiev - Makaev." The Bulgar origin of the name Baka is quite possible - Bakaev, for under 1370 the Bulgar prince Sultan Bakov's son is mentioned.

BAKAKINS. Nobles from the 16th century. From the palace clerk Ivan Mitrofanovich Bakak-Karacharov, who served in 1537-1549. Subsequently, residents of Kazan: Bakakin Yuri. Tatar nicknames: Bakaka - from bak “look”; karachi "looker". See Karacharovs.

BAKESHOVS. Bakesh - village of service Tatars, clerk in 1581, Wed. Turkic Bakish "scribe"

BAKIEVS. See Bakaevs.

BAKSHEEVS. In the middle of the 15th century, Baksha Vasily was mentioned, in 1473 Baksha Stepan Lazarev. In the XVI - XVII centuries. noblemen Baksheevs in the Ryazan region. Bakshey - "scribe". But maybe from baptism. Tatar, bakshe, bakchi "watchman". Subsequently - teachers, artist.

BACLANOVS. Nobles since 1552. Nickname from Turkic, cormorant "wild goose"; in the dialects of Simbirsk and Nizhny Novgorod provinces - “big head”, “block”.

BAKLANOVSKY. Opolonized form from Baklanov. .

BALAKIREVS.An old noble family. The Balakirevs are mentioned at the end of the 14th century among the Turkic-speaking army of Mansur - Kiyat, son of Mamai, together with the Glinskys in Lithuania, then Prince. Iv.Iv.Balakir was noted in 1510 with landholdings in Kashira, Kolomna and Arzamas in the 16th - 17th centuries. . In 1579, Pronya Balakirev was in the service of Ivan IV). Subsequently, an old noble family settled in the Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions. From this family is the famous composer M.A. Balakirev.

BALASHEVS. Nobles from 1741 - 1751. The surname, according to N.A. Baskakov, comes from a Turkic-Tatar ball with an affectionate suffix.

BARANOVS. From Murza Zhdan, nicknamed Baran, who left the Crimea in the 1430s - 1460s to serve the Grand Duke. Vasily Vasilyevich Temny, surname from the nickname ram of Turkic-Tatar origin. It is quite possible that the Bulgar origin comes from the tribal name ram - baradzh. Subsequently - military personnel, scientists, diplomats.

BARANOVSKY. Polonized form from Baranov. From the Polish - Lithuanian Tatars. Colonel Mustafa Baranowski was the last defender of Warsaw in 1774. Subsequently - scientists, economists, inventors of OS, 1987, p. 1363)

BARANCHEVS. Of the baptized Kazan residents: Vasily Barancheev in 1521, stationed in Vereya; Peter and Ivan Semyonovich Barancheev were stationed in Uglich in 1622. In the “Velvet Book”, among the Barancheevs, people from Crimea are also listed.

LAMBSHINES. Nobles from the 16th century. From Ivan Ivanovich Barash and his sons Adash, Nedash and Ketleche, who left for Rus' in the 15th century. Nickname from Turkic-Persians. lamb "servant, cleaner". From the upper service class. Ivan Alexandrovich Barbasha is mentioned from the end of the 15th century until 1535-36. Suzdal Prince Vasily Ivanovich Baraboshin was in the oprichnina in 1565 - 1572. Surname from Turko-Bulg. the words bar bashi "have a head."

BARSUKOVS. Nobles from the 16th - 17th centuries. From Jacob the Badger, son of Aminev, who entered Rus' at the beginning of the 15th century and received a place near Kostroma. In the XVI - XVII centuries. The Barsukovs were stationed in Meshchera and Arzamas, judging by what they came from among the Mishars: Semyon Barsuk - the son of Ivan Klementievich Aminev; Ulyan Barsukov Aminev was a servant of the spiritual charter of 1564 Nikita Yakovlevich Aminev. The surname is from the nickname Borsuk, derived from the Turkic-Bulg. leopard. The Barykovs went to the Grand Duke in the 15th century. Ivan Mikhailovich to Tver from Lithuania. Nickname from Kipch. baryk "thin, thin" or from Barak - the name of the Polovtsian khan Barak, which means "shaggy dog".

BASKAKOVS.Nobles since 1598 with estates in Smolensk, Kaluga and Tula provinces. There are several versions of the origin: 1. From the Baskak Amragan, who was the governor of Vladimir around the middle of the 13th century (nicknamed by the title “emir”, possibly of Bulgarian origin; 2. From the Baskak Ibrahim from the Tatars; 3. From various servicemen, descendants of the Baskak people in Rus' in the 15th - 16th centuries, for example, the Baskaks Albych, Budar, Kudash, Tutai, etc. Subsequently - military men, scientists, for example, N.A. Baskakov.

BASMANOVS. Nobles from the 16th century. From Daniil Basman, first mentioned in 1514 and subsequently an active participant in the campaigns against Kazan. The surname is from the Kazan-Tatar nickname basma "seal, sign".

BASTANOVS. Nobles from 1564, lands near Novgorod, indicating an ancient exit. In 1499, Adash and Bustman Bastanovs were mentioned, in 1565 Yanaklych, Tetmesh, Tutman Bastanovs were mentioned, including Tetmesh was a guardsman in 1571, and Tutman was a messenger to Lithuania in 1575. The names also indicate their “ancient” origin from the Turkic-Persian bastan: Adash, Bustman, Tetmesh, Tutman, Yanaklych.

BATASHOVS. Nobles since 1622, lands near Kostroma, where people from Kazan usually settled. Related to the Adashevs, since Stepan Adash was recorded as the son of Fyodor Batash at the beginning of the 16th century. Nickname from the Turkic bot "camel". Subsequently - large breeders and officials.

BATURINS. From Murza Batur, who left the Horde at the beginning of the 15th century to Prince Fyodor Olgovich of Ryazan. In baptism Methodius, the descendants were boyars and among the Romanovs. Related to the Leontyevs, Petrovo-Solovovs. From the Turkic-Bulgar batyr, batur "hero". Subsequently - scientists, warriors, educators.

BAKHMETEVS, who left in the first half of the 15th century to serve the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich the Dark together with the brothers Kasim and Yakub, Aslam Bakhmet is indicated in kinship with the princes of Meshchersky. Oslam, As-lam - from the Turkic-Bulgarian arslan "lion"; Bakhmet - from the Turkic-Muslim Muham-mad or from the Turkic "Bai Ahmed". Most likely, they come from the Bulgaro-Burtass environment. Subsequently - scientists, revolutionaries, there is also a friend of N.G. Chernyshevsky OS, 1987, p. 115).

BAKHTEYAROVS. From Prince Bakhteyar and his sons Divey, Enalei and Chelibey, who received estates in the district of Rostov-Yaroslavl in the 16th century. In baptism they became princes Priimkov. Other Bakhteyars are also known: Aslan Bakhteyar - ambassador to Poland at the beginning of the 16th century; Enalei Bakhteyarov - a writer in the 17th century, one of the Siberian pioneers. The surname is from the Turkic-Persian bakhet ir “happy husband”.

BACHMANOVS. Nobles from the 16th century with estates in the vicinity of Ryazan and Novgorod. Mikhail Bachmanov - elder of the Trinity Monastery in 1490. The surname, perhaps, comes from the nickname "Bachman", which was worn by one of the leaders of the anti-Mongol uprising in the Volga region in 1238 - 40.

BASHEVS. From Stepan Bashev, who was the head of the lip in 1603. The surname is from the Tatar word bash "head".

BASHKINS. According to N.I. Kostomarov: “judging by the surname, of Tatar origin” - see Bashevs.

BASHMAKOVS. Nobles since 1662. From Daniel to you. Bashmak-elyamin, mentioned in 1447 along with his sons, whose names were Abash, Tashlyk, Hebluk. All names are Turkic-Tatar nicknames.

BAYUSHEVS. Nobles since 1613 with estates in the Alatyr district of the Simbirsk province. From Bayush Razgildeev. Bayush is derived from the Tatars, bai "to get rich."

BEGICHEVS. From the Kazan Murza Begich, taken prisoner by the Russians in 1445. Alferiy Davidovich Begichev received estates near Kashira in 1587; later the estates of Arap Begichev were noted near Kolomna, Ryazan, Arzamas. The descendants include scientists and sailors.

RUNNERS. From Begunov Warrior Ivanovich from Meshchera, mentioned under 1590. In the 17th century they were moved to the construction of the Zakamsky Line.

BEKETOVS. Nobles since 1621. The surname is from the Turkic, nicknamed beket “educator of the khan’s son.” Subsequently - scientists and military personnel.

BEKLEMISHEVS. Princes-nobles since the 15th century. Descendants of the Tatar princes Shirinsky-Meshchersky. Back in 1472, Pyotr Fedorovich and Semyon Beklemishev were mentioned as Moscow governors. In the second half of the 14th century, Fyodor Elizarovich Beklemish-Bersen, and at the turn of the 15th - 16th centuries. Bersen-Beklemishev Ivan Nikitich is a repeated ambassador to Lithuania, Crimea and Poland. Sources characterize him as “a very proud person.” His father Nikita Beklemishev was an ambassador to Kazan. The age of the Beklemishevs' entry into Russian service is evidenced by the names "Beklemishev strelnitsa" of the Moscow Kremlin, the village of Beklemishevs in the Moscow and Pereyaslav districts. The surname is from the Turkic beklemish “guarding, locking.” The descendants include famous writers, scientists, artists, etc.

BEKLESHEVS. Registered as children of boyars and nobles since 1619. From Beklesh, the son of Muhammad Bulgarin, who spread Islam in Meshchera in the 13th century and then converted to Orthodoxy. At the turn of the XV - XVI centuries. Ivan Timofeevich Beklyashev-Zagryazhsky is known. The surname is from the Turkic-Bulgar beklyavshe “locker, head of the guard post.” Subsequently - associates of Peter I, military men, sailors, senators, governors.

BEKORYUKOVS. Nobles since 1543. The surname is from the Turkic nickname bukeryak "humpbacked".

BELEUTOVS. Nobles from the 16th century, but in the 18th century the main family died out and continued in the Odintsov-Beleutovs. The basis of the family is from Alexander Beleut, who went into the service of Dmitry Donskoy and was sent as ambassador to the Horde in 1384. Alexander Beleut, one of the first Moscow boyars, was considered the eighth tribe of the Kasozh prince Rededi. Surname from Turkic. beleut, troublemaker "restless".

BELYAKOVS. From the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, who moved to Lithuania at the end of the 14th century and retained the Turkic ethnicity until the end of the 18th century. Yusuf Belyak - general, one of the last defenders of Warsaw in 1794.

BERDIBEKOVS. From those who left at the end of the 16th century for Lithuania together with the son of Mamai Mansur-Kiyat from the Tatars of the northern regions of the Golden Horde. Surname from Turko-Bulgar. birdie beck "gifted beck" .

BERDYAEVS.Nobles since 1598, lands near Smolensk and Pereyaslavl. Surname from Turkic. nicknames birdie "gifted" . Subsequently - scientists, philosophers OS, 1987, p. 130).

BERKUTOVS. Nobles since the 17th century. From Murza Berkut, a Kadom Misharin who converted to Christianity at the end of the 16th century. Berkutovs are a common name of the 16th-17th centuries. . Derived from the Tatar berkut "golden eagle; bird of prey".

BERSENEVS. Nobles from the 16th century. Known: Bersenev Ivan - a serviceman in 1568 in Kazan, Bersenev Peter - clerk of the Foreign Order in 1686 - 1689. The founder of the family, Ivan Nikitich Bersen-Beklemishev, was a Duma nobleman during the reign of Vasily III. The surname is from the Tatar word berSen "rose hip", but perhaps also from ber sin, i.e. "you are alone". In connection with the Beklemishevs, they may come from the Bulgarianized Burtas. Named after the Bersenevs, the villages of Bersenevki in Moscow and Pereyaslavl districts, Bersenevskaya embankment in Moscow.

BIBIKOVS. Nobles from the 16th century. From the great-grandson of Zhidimi-r, a Tatar, who left the Blue Horde to Grand Duke Mikhail Yarosyaevich. Zhidimir's son Dmitry was in 1314 the father-in-law of Prince Fyodor Mikhailovich, and the great-grandson Fyodor Mi-kulich, nicknamed Bibik (Turkic, bai bek "rich gentleman" - became the founder of the Bibikov family. They belonged to noble Tver families, from among which were David Bibik - ambassador to Pskov in 1464, estates in Arzamas; Ivan Bibikov - repeated ambassador to Crimea in the 16th century. Subsequently - statesmen, military men, scientists.

BIZYAEVS. Nobles since the 17th century. From Kirey Bizyaev, a gunner, a native of Kazan, an estate in Lebedyan near Kursk. Kirey and Bizyai are Turkic names.

BIMIRZINS. From Bi-Mirza, the Russian ambassador in 1554-1556 to Nogai, including to Yusuf. Surname from Turkic. Bai-murza "rich gentleman".

BIREVES. Arap, Istoma and Zamyatna Birev - from the Tatars baptized in 1556, estates in the 16th - 17th centuries. near Kashira and Kolomna. The surname is from the Tatars, bir "give!" Biryuy is one of the governors of Batu under 1240.

BIRKINS. From Ivan Mikhailovich Birk, who left at the beginning. XV century in the service of Prince Fyodor Olgovich Ryazansky. In 1560, 1565, Pyotr Grigorievich Birkin was known, who owned estates near Ryazan, and in the 16th - 17th centuries. a number of Birkin servicemen: Rodion Petrovich - ambassador in 1587 to Iveria; Vasily Vasilyevich - steward of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The surname is from the Turkic-Mongolian birke, berke, “strong, mighty.” According to N.A. Baskakov, they are associated with the Bai-churins - Bachurins, who received nobility in 1685 and transformed into the Bi-churins - Michurins with estates in the Tambov province. The surname is from the Bulgaro-Tatar bai chura "rich hero".

FLEAS. From Ivan Blokha from the Great Horde, who switched to Russian service at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1495, Ivan Ivanovich Blokha - Anichkov was noted in Novgorod. Subsequently - scientists, revolutionaries, athletes.

BOGDANOVS. Nobles from the 16th century. Two lines of Turkic-Tatar origin: 1) From Touzak, son of Bogdanov, recorded as a nobleman in 1580, and Ishim Bogdanov, who was a messenger to Crimea in 1568. From Bogdan, son of the Kadom Murza Yan Glych, son of Bedish, in the 2nd in the 16th half of the 16th century, he switched to Russian service. In the 60s of the 16th century, the inhabitants of Kazan are celebrated - the Bogdanovs Ivan Baba, Vasily, one of whom was a centurion of archers. Subsequently - prominent scientists, philosophers, artists.

BOGDANOVSKIES. From the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars. In the 16th-16th centuries. Mirza Bogdanov and his sons Nazykh and Nazim are known, who were elevated to the rank of nobility after the Battle of Berestov in 1651, and then promoted to the Russian nobility.

BULGARIAN. The nobles since 1786 assume their exit from Danube Bulgaria, which is contradicted by the presence of a crescent moon in the family coat of arms - a typical Muslim sign; therefore, these are most likely immigrants from Volga Bulgaria. In this regard, the name “Bulgarian volost” near Kostroma is interesting.

BOLTS. From Mikhail Bolt, the son of Murza Kutlu-bug from the Greater Horde, who switched to Russian service in the 14th century. In 1496 they were already nobles. Andrei Boltin, nicknamed Alai, was killed near Kazan in 1548, Akhmat Fedorov Boltin was mentioned in 1556, and Ondrei Ivanov Boltin was noted as a serviceman in Kazan in 1568. At the end of the 15th century, Bolta was indicated as a relative of the Taneyevs (see). From the 16th - 17th centuries. The Boltins had estates in the Nizhny Novgorod region, including the famous Pushkin Boldino. Among the descendants are known the conquerors of Siberia, scientists, and relatives of the Pushkins.

BORISOV. Nobles from 1612, came from the gentry of Poland and Lithuania, where they obviously came from the Muslim - Turkic world, as evidenced by the presence of two crescents in the coat of arms. They knew the Kazan-Tatar language well, such as Nikita Vasilyevich Borisov, who in 1568 was a okolnik in Kazan and served as a copyist of the Kazan trade in the Tatar language.

BORKOVSKY. Nobles since 1674, immigrants from Poland, where they obviously came from the Turkic world, as evidenced by their surname, which comes from Turkic. burek "hat", as N.A. Baskakov believes.

BOROVITIKOVS. Nobles from the 16th - 17th centuries. with estates near Novgorod, from Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Borovitik, who came from Meshchera at the end of the 15th century.

BUZOVLEVS. From Chestigay Buzovlya from the Tatars. In the middle of the 15th century, the “outskirts” of the Buzovlevs were already mentioned. Since 1649 nobles. The surname is from the Tatar-Mishar nickname buzavly “having a calf.”

BUKRYABOV. From the Lithuanian messenger to Moscow in 1658, Ulan Bukryab. Surname from Turkic. bükre "hunchbacked".

BULATOV. Already in the 16th - 17th centuries. had lands near Kashira and Ryazan in places where the lands of people from Kazan were usually concentrated; the date of entry into the nobility was 1741. The surname comes from the Turkic damask steel - steel. In the XVIII - XIX centuries. General Governor of Siberia, Decembrists, scientists, military men. Immigrants with his son Mamai Mansur-Kiyat to Lithuania at the end of the 14th century. In 1408, some of them in Svidrigaila’s retinue went to Russian service, where they received lands near Novgorod and Moscow. In the 15th century they were known as boyars; in 1481 they were named governor of Novgorod.

BULGAKOVS The surname of the first, like the others, is from the Turkic-Tatar bulgak “proud man”. From Ivan Ivanovich Shay - Bulgak, a family of the khan, who entered the service at the beginning of the 15th century for Olga Ryazansky and the sons of Golitsa. In the XV - XVI centuries. already had boyar rank and villages, including those near Moscow. In 1566 - 1568, the boyars Peter and Grigory Andreevich Bulgakov were governors in Kazan and had local villages in the vicinity of Kazan, including Kulmametovo and others. From Matvey Bulgakov, who left the Horde at the beginning of the 15th century to the Ryazan prince Fyodor Vasilyevich and was, together with his brother Denisy, in his service. From among the Bulgakovs, who thus had different but Turkic origins, came famous writers, scientists, warriors, philosophers, and metropolitans.

BULGARINS.Nobles since 1596, estates in the vicinity of Kostroma, where people from the Kazan environment were usually located. Here, in Novotorzhok district, was the Bolgarskaya Guba or volost. Under the same surname (for example, Thaddeus Bulgarin - a writer of the first half of the 19th century) there were also people from among the Polish Tatars.

BUNINS. From Bunin Prokuda Mikhailovich, whose grandfather, who came from the Horde to the Ryazan princes, received land in the Ryazhsky district. According to other sources, in 1445 the Ryazan resident Bunko is mentioned in the service of Grand Duke Vasily. Among the Bunins are famous scientists, statesmen, writers, including Nobel Prize laureate I.A. Bunin.

BURNASHEVS. Nobles since 1668. Burnash - from the Tatar word burnash "bully, bachelor", a common Turkic name, preserved among the Russified Tatars - see Burnash Girey, Crimean Khan in 1512, Burnash Obezyaninov - mentioned under 1561 in Kolomna, Burnash Elychev - Cossack chieftain in 1567 year, Burnash Gagarin. Subsequently - famous scientists, agronomists, writers, etc.

BUSURMANOVS. Nobles from the end of the 16th century. Known: under 1587, peasant Fyodor Busurman from Arzamas; under 1619, Prince Ivan Yuryevich Busurman-Meshchersky. The surname comes from the word infidel, busurman, that is, Muslim; people from among the ancestors of the Mishars.

BUTURLINS. Nobles and counts from the ancient family of the legendary Radsha "from the Germans", who left in the 13th century to Alexander Nevsky, dispute this legendary statement and believe that it was Musa from the mysterious Radsha family who left the Horde in the first quarter of the 15th century, whose great-grandson Ivan Buturlya laid the foundations the well-known boyar family of the Buturlins with estates mainly in the Nizhny Novgorod region. N.A. Baskakov believes that the Buturlins left the Horde to visit Ivan Kalita in 1337, and their surname is derived from the Turkic buturlya “restless person.” Subsequently - military men, governors, related to the Musins ​​- Pushkins.

BUKHARINS. Nobles since 1564. From Timofey Grigoryevich Bukhara - Naumov, mentioned at the end of the 15th century and his descendants, clerk Ishuk Bukharin and Evtikhiy Ivanov, son of Bukharin. N.A. Baskakov has no doubt about the Turkic origin of the family. Subsequently - scientists, statesmen and politicians.

Most Tatar surnames are a modified form of the name of one of the male ancestors in the family. In more ancient years, it came from the name of the father of the family, but at the beginning of the 19th century this trend gradually began to change, and with the advent of Soviet power, not only the sons, but also the grandchildren of the eldest in the family were assigned a common surname for all. Subsequently, it did not change and was worn by all descendants. This practice continues to this day.

Formation of Tatar surnames from professions

The origin of many Tatar surnames (as well as the surnames of other peoples) is due to the professions in which their bearers were engaged. So, for example, Urmancheev - urman (forester), Baksheev - bakshey (scribe), Karaulov - karavil (guard), Beketov - beket (teacher of the khan's son), Tukhachevsky - tukhachi (standard bearer), etc. Quite interesting is the origin of Tatar surnames, which today we consider Russian, for example, “Suvorov” (known since the 15th century).

In 1482, the serviceman Goryain Suvorov, who received his surname from the profession of a rider (suvor), was noted by mentions of him in chronicles. In subsequent centuries, when the descendants of the Suvorov family decided to somewhat exalt the origin of their family name, a legend was invented about the Swedish progenitor of the family, Suvore, who came to Russia in 1622 and settled here.

The surname Tatishchev has a completely different origin. Her nephew Ivan Shah, Prince Solomersky, who served Grand Duke Ivan III, was given the title for his ability to quickly and accurately identify thieves. Thanks to his unique ability, he received the nickname “tatey”, from which his famous surname came.

Adjectives as the basis for the emergence of surnames

But much more often, Tatar surnames came from adjectives, which were used to name this or that person for his distinctive characteristic qualities or special features.

Thus, the Bazarov surname came from ancestors born on market days. From the brother-in-law - the husband of his wife's sister, who was called "bazha", the surname Bazhanov came about. The friend, who was revered as highly as Allah, was called “Veliamin”, and from this word the surname Veliaminov (Velyaminov) originates.

Men with will and desire were called murads, from them came the surname Muradov (Muratov); proud - Bulgaks (Bulgakov); loved ones and lovers - Dauds, Dawoods, Davids (Davydov). Thus, the meaning of Tatar surnames has ancient roots.

In the XV-XVII centuries, the surname Zhdanov was quite widespread in Rus'. It is believed that its origin comes from the word “vijdan”, which has two meanings. This was the name given to both passionate lovers and religious fanatics. Each of the Zhdanovs can now choose the legend that he likes best.

Differences in the pronunciation of surnames in Russian and Tatar environments

Tatar surnames, which arose in ancient times, have long been adapted to Russian society. Quite often, we don’t even know about the true origin of our family names, considering them to be originally Russian. There are many examples of this, and there are some pretty funny options. But even those surnames that we consider unchangeable are pronounced with slight differences in Russian and purely Tatar society. Thus, many Tatar composers, whose names and surnames will be given below, have long been perceived as originally Russian. As well as actors, TV presenters, singers, musicians.

The Russian endings of Tatar surnames -in, -ov, -ev and others are often smoothed out in the Tatar environment. For example, Zalilov is pronounced as Zalil, Tukaev - as Tukay, Arakcheev - Arakchi. In official papers, as a rule, the ending is used. The only exceptions are the surnames of individual Mishar clans and Tatar Murzas, since they are somewhat different from ordinary Tatar clan names. The reason for this is the formation of the surname from those names that have not been widely used for a long time or have been completely forgotten: Enikei, Akchurin, Divey. In the surname Akchurin, “-in” is not an ending, but part of an ancient name, which could also have several pronunciation options.

Tatar names for boys that appeared at different times

on the pages of ancient documents, children have not been called them for a long time. Many of them are of Arab, Persian, Iranian, and Turkic origin. Some Tatar names and surnames consist of several words at once. Their interpretation is quite complex and not always correctly explained.

Old names that have not been used to call boys for a long time among Tatars:

• Babek - baby, toddler, small child;
• Babajan is a respected, respectable person;
• Bagdasar - light, a bouquet of rays;
• Badak - highly educated;
• Baibek - powerful bek (lord);
• Sagaidak - striking enemies like an arrow;
• Suleiman - healthy, alive, prosperous, living calmly;
• Magdanur - source of rays, light;
• Magdi - leading people along the path destined by Allah;
• Zakaria - always remembering Allah, a real man;
• Zarif - delicate, amiable, pleasant, beautiful;
• Fagil - hard-working, doing something, diligent;
• Satlyk is a purchased child. This name has a long-standing ritual meaning. After the birth of a child, to protect him from dark forces, he was given to relatives or friends for a while, and then “ransomed” for money, naming the child Satlyk.

Modern Tatar names are nothing more than a Europeanized type of names formed in the 17th-19th centuries. Among them are Airat, Albert, Akhmet, Bakhtiyar, Damir, Zufar, Ildar, Ibrahim, Iskander, Ilyas, Kamil, Karim, Muslim, Ravil, Ramil, Rafael, Rafail, Renat, Said, Timur, Fuat, Hassan, Shamil, Shafqat, Eduard, Eldar, Yusup and many others.

Ancient and modern girl names

Perhaps in remote Tatar villages you can still find girls named Zulfinur, Hadiya, Naubukhar, Nurinisa, Maryam, but in recent decades, women's names have become more familiar to Europeans, as they are stylized after them. Here are just a few of them:

• Aigul - moon flower;
• Alsou - rose water;
• Albina - white-faced;
• Amina is gentle, faithful, honest. Amina was the name of the mother of the Prophet Muhammad;
• Bella - beautiful;
• Gaul - occupying a high position;
• Guzel - very beautiful, dazzling;
• Dilyara - joyful to the heart;
• Zaynap - portly, full-bodied;
• Zulfira - having superiority;
• Zulfiya - charming, beautiful;
• Ilnara - the flame of the country, the fire of the people;
• Ilfira is the pride of the country;
• Kadriya - worthy of respect;
• Karima - generous;
• Leila - dark-haired;
• Leysan - generous;
• Nailya - achieving the goal;
• Nuria - light, radiant;
• Raila - founder;
• Raisa - leader;
• Regina - the king's wife, queen;
• Roxana - illuminating with bright light;
• Faina - shining;
• Chulpan - morning star;
• Elvira - protective, protective;
• Elmira is conscientious, renowned.

Famous and widespread Russian surnames of Tatar origin

Basically, Russian surnames appeared during the years of the conquest of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars and after the expulsion of nomads far beyond the borders of the Slavic lands by the united Russian-Lithuanian army. Anthroponymy specialists count over five hundred names of noble and well-born Russians of Tatar origin. Almost every one of them has a long and sometimes beautiful story. Mostly in this list are princely, boyar, and count surnames:

• Abdulovs, Aksakovs, Alabins, Almazovs, Alyabyevs, Anichkovs, Apraksins, Arakcheevs, Arsenyevs, Atlasovs;
• Bazhanovs, Bazarovs, Baykovs, Baksheevs, Barsukovs, Bakhtiyarovs, Bayushevs, Beketovs, Bulatovs, Bulgakovs;
• Velyaminov;
• Gireevs, Gogol, Gorchakovs;
• Davydovs;
• Zhdanov;
• Zubov;
• Izmailovs;
• Kadyshevs, Kalitins, Karamzins, Karaulovs, Karachinskys, Kartmazovs, Kozhevnikovs (Kozhaevs), Kononovs, Kurbatovs;
• Lachinovs;
• Mashkovs, Minins, Muratovs;
• Naryshkins, Novokreshchenovs;
• Ogarevs;
• Peshkovs, Plemyannikovs;
• Radishchevs, Rastopchins, Ryazanovs;
• Saltanovs, Svistunovs, Suvorovs;
• Tarkhanovs, Tatishchevs, Timiryazevs, Tokmakovs, Turgenevs, Tukhachevskys;
• Uvarovs, Ulanovs, Ushakovs;
• Khitrovs, Khrushchovs;
• Chaadaevs, Chekmarevs, Chemesovs;
• Sharapovs, Sheremetevs, Shishkins;
• Shcherbakovs;
• Yusupov;
• Yaushevs.

For example, the first descendants of the Anichkovs came from the Horde. Mention of them dates back to 1495 and is related to Novgorod. The Atlasovs got their surname from a fairly common typical Tatar surname - Atlasi. The Kozhevnikovs began to be called that after they entered the service of Ivan III in 1509. What their family name was was not known for certain, but it is assumed that their surname included the word “Khoja”, which meant “lord”.

The surnames listed above, considered Russian, but of Tatar origin, the list of which is far from complete, are mostly well known to the current generation. They were glorified by great writers, actors, politicians, and military leaders. They are considered Russian, but their ancestors were Tatars. The great culture of their people was glorified by completely different people. Among them there are famous writers who are worth talking about in more detail.

The most famous of them:

• Abdurakhman Absalyamov - prose writer of the 20th century. His essays, stories, novels “Golden Star”, “Gazinur”, “Unquenchable Fire” were published in both Tatar and Russian. Absalyamov translated “Spring on the Oder” by Kazakevich and “Young Guard” by Fadeev into Russian. He translated not only Russian writers, but also Jack London and Guy de Maupassant.
• Fathi Burnash, whose real name and surname is Fathelislam Burnashev, is a poet and prose writer , translator, publicist, theater worker. The author of many dramatic and lyrical works that enriched both Tatar fiction and theater.
• Karim Tinchurin, in addition to being famous as a writer, is also an actor and playwright, and is listed among the founders of the professional Tatar theater.
• Gabdulla Tukay is the most beloved and revered poet, publicist, public figure and literary critic among the people.
• Gabdulgaziz Munasypov - writer and poet.
• Mirkhaidar Fayzullin - poet, playwright, publicist, compiler of a collection of folk songs.
• Zahir (Zagir) Yarulla Ugyly is a writer, the founder of Tatar realistic prose, a public and religious figure.
• Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov is both a Tatar and a scientist and religious figure. In his works he repeatedly raised the problem of women's emancipation and was a supporter of introducing his people to European culture.
• Sharif Baygildiev, who took the pseudonym Kamal, is a writer, an outstanding playwright and translator, who was the first to translate “Virgin Soil Upturned” into the Tatar language.
• Kamal Galiaskar, whose real name is Galiaskar Kamaletdinov, was a true classic of Tatar drama.
• Yavdat Ilyasov wrote about the ancient and medieval history of Central Asia.

Tatar surnames were also glorified and left their greatest mark in their native literature by Naki Isanbet, Ibrahim Gazi, Salih Battalov, Ayaz Gilyazov, Amirkhan Eniki, Atilla Rasikh, Angam Atnabaev, Shaikhi Mannur, Shaikhelislam Mannurov, Garifzyan Akhunov. There is also a woman among them - Fauzia Bayramova - a writer, a prominent political figure, and a human rights activist. The famous Henryk Sienkiewicz, who came from the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, can also be added to this list.

Tatar writers, whose names and surnames are given above, lived and worked in Soviet times, but modern Tatarstan also has someone to be proud of.

Writers of Tatarstan of a later period

Undoubtedly, Shaukat Galliyev deserved the greatest fame among his compatriots for his high talent as a writer. The writer's real name is Idiyatullin; he took his pseudonym from his father's name. Galliev is an outstanding son of his generation, the brightest representative of Tatar writers of the second half of the 20th century.

Raul Mir-Khaidarov, who received high recognition in the Soviet and then Russian years, is also worthy of all the respect of the Tatar people. Like Rinat Mukhamadiev and Kavi Najmi.

Let us recall some more names and surnames of Tatar writers known outside the republic: Razil Valeev, Zarif Bashiri, Vakhit Imamov, Rafkat Karami, Gafur Kulakhmetov, Mirsai Amir, Foat Sadriev, Khamit Samikhov, Ildar Yuzeev, Yunus Mirgaziyan.

Thus, from 1981 to 1986 he headed the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR, from 1981 to the present - a member of the board of the Union of Writers of Tatarstan. And Foat Sadriev is the author of about twenty plays for the theater, a member of the Writers' Union. His works have long been of interest to Tatar and Russian theater workers.

Great Tatar composers and artists

Outstanding Tatar writers, whose names and surnames are highly valued by enlightened minds throughout the post-Soviet space, undoubtedly made their contribution to exalting the glory of their people, as well as the outstanding world-famous violinist Alina Ibragimova, and many famous athletes: football players, hockey players, basketball players , fighters. Their performances are heard and watched by millions. But after some time, their traces will be erased by the new idols that have come to replace them, who will be applauded by the halls and stands, while writers, as well as composers, artists, and sculptors, have left their mark for centuries.

Talented Tatar artists left their legacy for posterity in their canvases. The names and surnames of many of them are known both in their native land and in the Russian Federation. It is enough to remember only Harris Yusupov, Lyutfulla Fattakhov, Baki Urmanche for true lovers and connoisseurs of modern painting to understand who we are talking about.

Famous Tatar composers are also worthy of mention. Such as Farid Yarullin, who died at the front during the Great Patriotic War, the author of the famous ballet “Shurale”, in which the incomparable Maya Plisetskaya danced; Nazib Zhiganov, who received the honorary title of People's Artist of the USSR back in 1957; Latif Hamidi, whose works include opera and the people's favorite waltzes; Enver Bakirov; Salikh Saidashev; Aidar Gainullin; Sonia Gubaidullina, who wrote the music for the cartoon “Mowgli”, 25 films, including “Scarecrow” by Rolan Bykov. These composers glorified Tatar surnames throughout the world.

Famous contemporaries

Almost every Russian knows Tatar surnames, the list of which includes Bariy Alibasov, Yuri Shevchuk, Dmitry Malikov, Sergei Shokurov, Marat Basharov, Chulpan Khamatova, Zemfira, Alsou, Timati, whose real name is Timur Yunusov. They will never get lost among singers, musicians, and cultural figures, and they all have Tatar roots.

The land of Tatarstan is rich in outstanding athletes, whose names there is no way to list, there are so many of them. What sports they represent was mentioned above. Each of them glorified not only the name of his family, but also his entire region with its ancient history. Many of them also have very beautiful Tatar surnames - Nigmatullin, Izmailov, Zaripov, Bilyaletdinov, Yakupov, Dasaev, Safin. Behind each is not only the talent of its bearer, but also an interesting story of origin.

Tatar surnames

A lot of interesting things can be told about the history of the origin of Tatar surnames, their origin and meaning, as well as the peculiarities of spelling. Initially, having a surname was an honorable prerogative of members of the nobility. Only in the twentieth century did all other Tatar clans receive this right. Until this moment, the Tatars placed clan-tribal relations at the forefront. The custom of knowing one’s family, one’s ancestors by name up to the seventh generation, was made a sacred duty and instilled from a young age.

The Tatars represent a very large ethnic group, distinguished by a rich and distinctive culture. But historically conditioned assimilation with the Slavic people still left its mark. The result was the formation of a fairly large part of Tatar surnames, formed by adding Russian endings: “-ov”, “-ev”, “-in”. For example: Bashirov, Busaev, Yunusov, Yuldashev, Sharkhimullin, Abaidullin, Turgenev, Safin. According to statistics, Tatar surnames ending in “-ev”, “-ov” are three times larger than surnames ending in “-in”.

Traditionally, Tatar surnames are formed from the male names of paternal ancestors. The majority of Tatar surnames are formed on the basis of male personal names. Only a small proportion of surnames come from professions. For example, Urmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant) and others. This type of surname formation is common to many nationalities.

A distinctive national feature of the Tatars is the form of formation of Tatar names. The full version of the Tatar name, like that of many other nationalities, consists of a first name, patronymic and surname, but since ancient times it has been customary to add a gender prefix to the patronymic of Tatars: “uly” (son) or “kyzy” (daughter).

The peculiarities of Tatar surnames also include the custom of their writing. The Tatars have two variants of spelling surnames: official - with endings (Sayfutdinov, Sharifullin, Saitov) and “everyday”, most widely used without adding an ending, only the name is written (instead of the surname Tukaev, Tukai is written). This method, by the way, is characteristic of Tatar literature.

There are countless Tatar surnames
Each of them has a zest
If the last name makes sense, look for it
There are many nuances you can learn

This page of our website discusses Tatar surnames. We will learn about the history and origin of Tatar surnames, discuss their meanings and distribution.
Origin of Tatar surnames

Studying the ethnic composition of the population of Russia, one can notice that a significant part of the inhabitants of our country are Tatars. And this is no coincidence; the history of the Russian state has developed in such a way that at the moment representatives of many nations and nationalities live on its territory. And one of the most numerous ethnic groups are the Tatar peoples. And, despite the fact that for decades and centuries there has been a mixture of nations and nationalities, the Tatars were able to preserve their national language, their culture and traditions. Tatar surnames refer precisely to such national characteristics and traditions.

The origin of Tatar surnames goes back centuries, when, like other nations, the richest and most noble representatives of the Tatar family were the first to acquire surnames. And only by the 20th century the rest of the people of Tatar origin received surnames. Until this moment, that is, while there were no surnames, the kinship relations of the Tatars were determined by their tribal affiliation. From an early age, every representative of the Tatar people remembered the names of their paternal ancestors. At the same time, the generally accepted norm was to know your family up to seven generations.
Features of Tatar surnames

There is a significant difference between well-known Tatar surnames, given names and the complete formula for the formation of Tatar names. It turns out that the complete formula for Tatar naming consists of the first name, patronymic and last name. At the same time, patronymics among the ancient Tatars were formed from the naming of the father, to which “uly” (son) or “kyzy” (daughter) was added. Over time, these traditions in the formation of Tatar patronymics and surnames mixed with Russian traditions of word formation. As a result, at the moment it can be considered that the vast majority of Tatar surnames were formed as derivatives from the names of male ancestors. At the same time, to form a surname, Russian endings were added to the male name: “-ov”, “-ev”, “-in”. These are, for example, the following Tatar surnames: Bashirov, Busaev, Yunusov, Yuldashev, Sharkhimullin, Abaidullin, Turgenev, Safin. This list of Tatar surnames can be quite large, since it was male names that were the main source for the formation of Tatar surnames. If we talk about the meaning that these surnames have, then it is obvious that it will repeat the meaning of the naming from which a specific surname is derived.

According to statistical data, the number of Tatar surnames with endings “-ev”, “-ov” exceeds Tatar surnames with the ending “-in” by approximately three times.
Writing Tatar surnames

There are two spelling options for Tatar surnames. One of these options eliminates the added endings, using only the name itself (for example, instead of the surname Tukaev, Tukay is spelled). This option is widely used in Tatar literature, but is not official. In official documents and common practice in Russia, a variant of Tatar surnames with endings is used: Sayfutdinov, Sharifullin, Saitov, etc.
Other Tatar surnames

Also, the origin of some Tatar surnames was associated with professions. This type of surname exists among almost all nations, and Tatar surnames in this sense are no exception. Examples of surnames whose origin is associated with professions may include the following surnames: Urmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant) and others.

Personal names and surnames derived from them

1) Among the Mishar names there are often ancient Tatar names, which among the Tatars are replaced by Arabic ones.

In Kostroma, I had a conversation about the Mishars with the local Akhun Safarov (originally from Kasimov), who, while talking about the Kostroma Mishars, by the way, touched on personal names. The Mishari, according to him, treat the names of their grandfathers and great-grandfathers with special respect, which is why they try to give their children ancient names, for example Adelsha84, Valisha, Khoramsha, Uraza, Altyn-bikә, Kutlu-bikә, etc., although from The Orenburg Mufti has a special circular on replacing such names with modern names of Arabic origin.

2) The names Kutlug-Mukhamet85, Kutlumet86, Kutlukai87, Kutlush88, Kutlu-yar, Kutlu-bikә (female name), etc. are often found, which is not noticed at all among the Tatars.

There are many personal names with the prefix “Kutlu” among the Kyrgyz: Kotlombәt, Kotlomөkhәmet, Kotlogaziy, etc.

The word “Kut” in the Jagatai dialect means happiness, Khutlug means happy. The Tatar saying “Kutlug bolsun” (let him be happy), as Frehn noted, was also minted on the coins of the Golden Horde khans89.

In the list of Akhuns of the district of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly for 1896, Ismagil Kutlugyulov is mentioned - in the village of Kubak, Belebeevsky district, Ufa province90.

Timur-kutlug is the Golden Horde Khan, with whose name there are Tatar coins92.

The history of Shikhabetdin mentions the label of Timur-Kutluk, the son of Temirmelik Khan, from the year 800 Gijra 139893

In the Turkic history, Abulgazy Khan is mentioned from the clan of Genghis Khan, Kutluk-Timurkhan, among the Kashgar khans94.

In the names of Tatar villages, occasionally in surnames, there is a Turkic word - Uraz - happiness, hence "Urazly" - happy, Urazgildi - happiness has come, Urazbakty - happiness has appeared, Urazbaga - happiness is watching, Urazmet, Urazai, etc. With similar names in In the Kazan province there are Tatar villages that the Mishars would not notice.

3) Mishars often have names with the final prefix “bek”95, for example Alim-bek (Galimbik), Arslan-bek (Arslanbik), Bay-bek (Baybik), Sultan-bek (Soltanbik), Timer-bek (Timerbik) , Uzbek (Uzbik), Khan-bek (Khanbik), Rөstәm-bek, etc.96

Of these names, one of the Tatar names is Galimbik.

Similar names were also used by the Mongolian Tatars, for example, the known names of the khans are Yanibek, Uzbak, Birde-bek, Nәuz-bek, Keldi-bek, Tulun-bek, Chirkas-bek, Gayasetdin-aga-bek, Kagan-bek, etc.97

In the list of Akhuns of the district of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly for 1896, Galei Chenaybekov is listed - in the Kalmyk part of the Astrakhan province (P.75)

In the book “Sәgyyd” (Saitovo posad, Orenburg province) on S.29 there is an akhun Temur-bek Vildanov, who died in 1271 Gijra.

4) Mishar surnames are mostly ancient and come from a Turkic root, for example Akchurin, Baichurin, Bichurin, Bikchurin, Baygildeev, Davletgildeev, Davlekamov, Duberdeev, Agishev, Ageev, Bogdanov, Enikeev, Teregulov, Mamaev, Mamleev, Mamin, Muratov, Kolchurin, Kapkaev, Kamaev, Kudashev, Kildyushev, Kadyshev, Karataev, Oktaev, Tenishev, Tukaev, Uzbekov, Chagataev, Chanyshev, Yanyshev. Yamashev, Yangalychev, Yangurazov, etc.98

Tatars often do not have a “surname”, but are called after their father. Akhmetzyan Mukhametzyanov, Abdul Valeev, etc.

In Kazan, where there are about 40 thousand Tatar people, there are only two or three old noble families.

In the list of akhons of the district of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly for 1896, the akhons of the Mishar parishes almost all have old surnames, but this is not noticeable among the akhons of the Tatar parishes.

5) Among the Mishar names there are often names dedicated to the Lion (Aryslan - Arslan), as a noble and powerful beast, for example Aryslan gerey (Arslangaley), Aryslan-galey (Arslangali), Aryslan-bek (Arslanbik), etc.

The same thing is observed among the Bashkirs, Kyrgyz and Crimean Tatars99.

Among the Kazan Tatars, such names are found very rarely, and then only in later times, probably due to Mishar influence.

The warlike tribes of Asia needed to commemorate the birth of male babies or by naming the names of predatory and bloodthirsty animals: Aryslan - lion, Kaplan - leopard100, Syrtlan - hyena101;

or giving names of birds of prey, hunting birds: Shonkar - falcon, Shahin-garay, Persian Shahin - falcon, hawk; Shaһbaz-gәrayy, Persian Shaһbaz - falcon, hawk with which the king hunts;

or giving the names of glorious kings and heroes of the east: Iskәndәr Alexander the Great, Rөstәm-khan Rөstembek Rustum, glorious hero of ancient Persia;

or they gave names with the prefix “batyr” - hero, hero, “gazy” - to conquer, Kotlo-gazy - happy conqueror102, Batyrsha - king hero, Baybatyr - rich hero, Bikbatyr - excellent hero.

E.A. Malov notes that the Mishars do not shy away from Russian names, which are assigned by adults during relations with Russians103.

Russian names are sometimes seen among Tatars, especially intelligent and well-born ones, and these are mostly Mishars. In the city of Ufa live the famous landowners Tevkelevs, three brothers, now deceased: Salimgerey (former mufti), Saidgerey (guard colonel) and Batyrgerey. They were known more by their Russian names - Alexander Petrovich, Alexey Petrovich, Pavel Petrovich and the latter's son Kutlukai - Konstantin Pavlovich.

In Yelabuga district there were landowners from the Tatar Murzas: Kutlukai Bikmaev, Ilyas Muratov, who were also known by their Russian names - Konstantin Veniaminovich Bikmaev, Ilya Lvovich Muratov. The patronymic of the first is given in accordance with the name of his father Ibniamin, and the patronymic of the second is a literal translation of his father’s name - Aryslan (lion). Various employees of such people, in imitation of their masters, also assign Russian names. In general, Russian names are given especially by those Tatars who constantly rub shoulders with Russians, and in village bazaars various traders are known by Russian names.

"On the language and nationality of the Mishars." Gainutdin Akhmarov
News of the Society of Archaeology, History and Ethnography. Volume XIX, issue. 2. - Kazan, 1893. - P.91-160.

also from this work.