The problem of the impact of nature on humans (according to Troepolsky). The problem of the influence of the beauty of nature on humans (K

Everyone knows that man and nature are inextricably linked with each other, and we see it every day. This is the blowing of the wind, and sunsets and sunrises, and the ripening of buds on the trees. Under her influence, society took shape, personalities developed, and art was formed. But we also have a reciprocal influence on the world around us, but most often negative. The environmental problem was, is and will always be relevant. So, many writers touched on it in their works. This selection lists the most striking and powerful arguments from world literature that address the issue of the mutual influence of nature and man. They are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article).

1. Astafiev Viktor Petrovich, “Tsar Fish”. This is one of the most famous works of the great Soviet writer Viktor Astafiev. The main theme of the story is the unity and confrontation between man and nature. The writer points out that each of us bears responsibility for what he has done and what happens in the world around him, no matter whether good or bad. The work also touches on the problem of large-scale poaching, when a hunter, not paying attention to prohibitions, kills and thereby wipes out entire species of animals from the face of the earth. Thus, by pitting his hero Ignatyich against Mother Nature in the person of the Tsar Fish, the author shows that the personal destruction of our habitat threatens the death of our civilization.
2. Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich, “Fathers and Sons.” A disdainful attitude towards nature is also discussed in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. Evgeny Bazarov, an avowed nihilist, states bluntly: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” He does not enjoy the environment, does not find anything mysterious and beautiful in it, any manifestation of it is trivial to him. In his opinion, “nature should be useful, this is its purpose.” He believes that you need to take what she gives - this is the unshakable right of each of us. As an example, we can recall the episode when Bazarov, being in a bad mood, went into the forest and broke branches and everything else that came in his way. Neglecting the world around him, the hero fell into the trap of his own ignorance. Being a physician, he never made any great discoveries; nature did not give him the keys to her secret locks. He died from his own carelessness, becoming a victim of a disease for which he never invented a vaccine.
3. Vasiliev Boris Lvovich, “Don’t shoot white swans.” In his work, the author urges people to be more careful about nature, contrasting two brothers. A reserve forester named Buryanov, despite his responsible work, perceives the world around him as nothing other than a consumption resource. He easily and completely without a twinge of conscience cut down trees in the reserve in order to build himself a house, and his son Vova was even ready to torture the puppy he found to death. Fortunately, Vasiliev contrasts him with Yegor Polushkin, his cousin, who with all the kindness of his soul takes care of the natural environment, and it’s good that there are still people who care about nature and strive to preserve it.

Humanism and love for the environment

1. Ernest Hemingway, “The Old Man and the Sea.” In his philosophical story “The Old Man and the Sea,” which was based on a true event, the great American writer and journalist touched on many topics, one of which was the problem of the relationship between man and nature. The author in his work shows a fisherman who serves as an example of how to treat the environment. The sea feeds the fishermen, but also voluntarily yields only to those who understand the elements, its language and life. Santiago also understands the responsibility that the hunter bears to the halo of his habitat, and feels guilty for extorting food from the sea. He is burdened by the thought that man kills his fellow men in order to feed himself. This is how you can understand the main idea of ​​the story: each of us must understand our inextricable connection with nature, feel guilty before it, and as long as we are responsible for it, guided by reason, then the Earth tolerates our existence and is ready to share its riches.
2. Nosov Evgeniy Ivanovich, “Thirty grains”. Another work that confirms that a humane attitude towards other living beings and nature is one of the main virtues of people is the book “Thirty Grains” by Evgeny Nosov. This shows the harmony between man and animal, the little titmouse. The author clearly demonstrates that all living beings are brothers by origin, and we need to live in friendship. At first, the titmouse was afraid to make contact, but she realized that in front of her was not someone who would catch him and be locked in a cage, but someone who would protect and help.
3. Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich, “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares.” This poem is familiar to every person since childhood. It teaches us to help our smaller brothers and take care of nature. The main character, Ded Mazai, is a hunter, which means that hares should be, first of all, prey and food for him, but his love for the place where he lives turns out to be higher than the opportunity to get an easy trophy. He not only saves them, but also warns them not to come across him during the hunt. Isn't this a high feeling of love for Mother Nature?
4. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “The Little Prince”. The main idea of ​​the work is heard in the voice of the main character: “You got up, washed, put yourself in order and immediately put your planet in order.” Man is not a king, not a king, and he cannot control nature, but he can take care of it, help it, follow its laws. If every inhabitant of our planet followed these rules, then our Earth would be completely safe. It follows from this that we need to take care of it, treat it more carefully, because all living things have a soul. We have tamed the Earth and must be responsible for it.

Environmental problem

• Rasputin Valentin “Farewell to Matera”. Valentin Rasputin showed the strong influence of man on nature in his story “Farewell to Matera”. On Matera, people lived in harmony with the environment, took care of the island and preserved it, but the authorities needed to build a hydroelectric power station, and decided to flood the island. So, an entire animal world went under the water, which no one took care of, only the inhabitants of the island felt guilty for the “betrayal” of their native land. Thus, humanity is destroying entire ecosystems due to the need for electricity and other resources necessary for modern life. It treats its conditions with trepidation and reverence, but completely forgets that entire species of plants and animals die and are destroyed forever because someone needed more comfort. Today, that area has ceased to be an industrial center, factories do not work, and dying villages do not need as much energy. This means that those sacrifices were completely in vain.
• Aitmatov Chingiz, “The Scaffold”. By destroying the environment, we destroy our lives, our past, present and future - this problem is raised in the novel “The Scaffold” by Chingiz Aitmatov, where the personification of nature is a family of wolves that is doomed to death. The harmony of life in the forest was disrupted by a man who came and destroyed everything in his path. People started hunting saigas, and the reason for such barbarity was that there was a difficulty with the meat delivery plan. Thus, the hunter mindlessly destroys the environment, forgetting that he himself is part of the system, and this will ultimately affect him.
• Astafiev Victor, “Lyudochka”. This work describes the consequence of the authorities’ disregard for the ecology of the entire region. People in a polluted, waste-smelling city have gone wild and are attacking each other. They have lost naturalness, harmony in the soul, now they are ruled by conventions and primitive instincts. The main character becomes a victim of gang rape on the banks of a garbage river, where rotten waters flow - as rotten as the morals of the townspeople. No one helped or even sympathized with Lyuda; this indifference drove the girl to suicide. She hanged herself on a bare crooked tree, which is also dying from indifference. The poisonous, hopeless atmosphere of dirt and toxic fumes reflects on those who made it so.

Arguments for an essay on the Russian language.

Nature. Part 2.

The problem of attitude towards nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, interference in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on human character.

Nature is a source of inspiration for a person, immerses him in childhood, makes him think about life. In the novel “Hero of Our Time M.Yu. Lermontov characterizes the influence of nature on a person in the following way: “Moving away from the conditions of society and approaching nature, we involuntarily become children: everything acquired falls away from the soul, and it becomes again the same as it once was and will surely be again someday.”

How should we treat nature?

In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the behavior of the main character is an excellent example of how to relate to the natural world. The girl felt that the forest was alive, and therefore she looked after it and protected every forest inhabitant from the harmful human influences. Olesya understood that not all people are able to feel and empathize with every blade of grass, every tree, and therefore did everything in her power to help the forest, for which she was awarded the gift of foresight and healing.

How does man influence nature?

People often have a consumerist attitude towards nature: they cut down forests, drain rivers and lakes, exterminate entire species of animals, without in any way compensating for the consequences of their actions.
Ray Bradbury's novel The Martian Chronicles describes in detail the impact of man on the natural world. Having polluted their planet, turning it into huge megacities, people began to explore distant Mars, already inhabited by inhabitants. Martians are very different from earthlings in this respect: they are closely connected with the nature of their planet. Half of their houses consist of living natural formations; they themselves actively use the gifts of their nature in their everyday life. Their peaceful existence was violated by the inhabitants of planet Earth. Having begun the settlement of Mars, people not only destroyed all the Martians, but also began to exterminate the Martian culture, imposing their own rules on the new world.

Why should we take care of nature?

What is the role of nature in Russian culture?

Remember Koltsov:

Oh, my steppe,
The steppe is free,
You are wide, steppe,
Spread out,
To the Black Sea
Move forward!

The wide space has always captured the hearts of Russians. It resulted in concepts and ideas that do not exist in other languages. How, for example, does will differ from freedom? Because free will is freedom combined with space, with unobstructed space. And the concept of melancholy, on the contrary, is connected with the concept of cramped space, deprivation of space. To oppress a person is to deprive him of space in the literal and figurative sense of the word.

And man needed a large, open nature, with a huge horizon. That’s why the pole-pole is so beloved in the folk song. Will is large spaces through which you can walk and walk, wander, swim with the flow of large rivers and long distances, breathe free air, inhale the wind widely, feel the sky above your head, be able to move in different directions - as you please.

Russian lyrical lingering song - it also has a longing for space. And it is best sung outside the home, in the wild, in the field.
The ringing of the bell had to be heard as far as possible. Driving fast is also a desire for space.

But the same special attitude to space and space is visible in epics. Mikula Selyaninovich follows the plow from end to end of the field. Volga has to catch up with him for three days on young Bukhara stallions.

They heard a plowman in the pure poly,
Plowman-plowman.
They rode for a day in clean poly,
They didn’t run into the plowman,
And on another day we drove from morning to evening.
They didn’t run into the plowman,
And on the third day we rode from morning to evening,
They came to the plowman.

There is a sense of space in the beginnings of epics describing Russian nature, and in the desires of heroes, Volga, for example:

Volga wanted a lot of wisdom:
The Volga walks like a pike fish in the blue seas,
Volga fly like a falcon bird under the clouds,
Like a wolf and scour the open fields.
Even the description of the towers that Solovy Budimirovich’s “good squad” is building in the garden near Zabava Putyatichny contains the same delight in the enormity of nature.
Well decorated in the towers:
There is sun in the sky - there is sun in the mansion;
There is a month in the sky - there is a month in the palace;
There are stars in the sky - there are stars in the mansion;
Dawn in the sky - dawn in the mansion
And all the beauty of heaven.

Delight in the open spaces is already present in ancient Russian literature - in the Primary Chronicle, in the “Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, in the “Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land”, in the “Life of Alexander Nevsky”, and in almost every work of the ancient period of the 11th-13th centuries . Everywhere, events either cover vast spaces, as in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” or take place among vast spaces with echoes in distant countries, as in “The Life of Alexander Nevsky.” Russian culture has long considered freedom and space to be the greatest aesthetic and ethical good for humans.

The problem of the relationship between man and nature. How do humans and nature interact?

Nature has its own culture. Therefore, the relationship between nature and man is a relationship between two cultures, each of which is “social” in its own way, communal, and has its own “rules of behavior.” And their meeting is built on a kind of moral foundation. Both cultures are the fruit of historical development, and the development of human culture has been taking place under the influence of nature for a long time (since humanity has existed), and the development of nature with its multimillion-year existence is relatively recent and not everywhere under the influence of human culture.

One (natural culture) can exist without the other (human), but the other (human) cannot. But still, for many past centuries, there was a balance between nature and man. Equilibrium is everywhere its own and everywhere on some kind of its own, special basis, with its own axis. In the north in Russia there was more “nature”, and the further south and closer to the steppe, the more “man”.
The landscape of Russia throughout its heroic space seems to be pulsating, it either discharges and becomes more natural, or condenses in villages, graveyards and cities, and becomes more human.
The old Russian city is not opposed to nature. He goes to nature through the suburbs. Hundreds of years ago, he clung to the walls of the city, to the rampart and moat, with vegetable gardens and orchards, he clung to the surrounding fields and forests, taking from them a few trees, a few vegetable gardens, a little water into his ponds and wells. And all this in the ebb and flow of hidden and obvious rhythms - beds, streets, houses, logs, pavement blocks and bridges.

What is characteristic of the Russian landscape?

Argument from the book by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful"

In Russian landscape painting there are a lot of works dedicated to the seasons: autumn, spring, winter are the favorite themes of Russian landscape painting throughout the 19th century and later. And most importantly, it does not contain immutable elements of nature, but most often temporary ones: early or late autumn, spring waters, melting snow, rain, thunderstorms, the winter sun peeking out for a moment from behind heavy winter clouds, etc.

In Russian nature there are no eternal large objects such as mountains or evergreen trees that do not change at different times of the year. Everything in Russian nature is inconsistent in color and condition. An eternal masquerade, an eternal celebration of colors and lines, eternal movement - within the limits of a year or a day.

All these changes exist, of course, in other countries, but in Russia they seem to be most noticeable thanks to Russian painting, starting with Venetsianov and Martynov. Russia has a continental climate, and this continental climate creates a particularly harsh winter and a particularly hot summer, a long spring shimmering with all shades of colors, in which every week brings with it something new, a protracted autumn, in which there is its very beginning with an extraordinary the transparency of the air, sung by Tyutchev, and the special silence characteristic only of August, and late autumn, which Pushkin loved so much.

But in Russia, unlike the south, especially somewhere on the shores of the White Sea or White Lake, there are unusually long evenings with the setting sun, which creates free play of colors, changing literally in five-minute intervals, a whole “ballet of colors”, and wonderful – long, long – sunrises. There are moments (especially in spring) when the sun “plays” as if it had been cut by an experienced lapidary. White nights and “black”, dark days in December create not only a diverse range of colors, but also an extremely rich emotional palette. And Russian poetry responds to all this diversity.

Venetsianov already has a characteristic feature of the Russian landscape. It is also present in Vasiliev’s early spring. It had a major impact on Levitan’s work. This inconstancy and instability of time is a feature that seems to connect the people of Russia with its landscapes.
National traits cannot be exaggerated or made exceptional. National characteristics are only some accents, and not qualities that others lack. National characteristics bring people together, interest people of other nationalities, and do not remove people from the national environment of other peoples, do not close peoples within themselves. Nations are not walled communities, but harmoniously coordinated associations.

Therefore, if I talk about what is characteristic of Russian landscape or Russian poetry, then these same properties, but, however, to some other extent, are also characteristic of other countries and peoples. The national traits of a people exist not in themselves and for themselves, but also for others. They become clear only when viewed from the outside and in comparison, therefore they must be understandable for other peoples; they must exist in some other arrangement among others.

Unnoticed in the bustle of days, transparent birch copses, willows hiding the windows of lakes behind their branches, linden alleys on the way to school and back... Is the world around us really capable of influencing our mood and worldview? The problem of the influence of nature on the state and feelings of a person is raised in the text offered to me by the famous writer K.G. Paustovsky.

Revealing the problem, the author describes the feelings of the main character who finds himself on the banks of the Oka alone with nature. Describing hazy visions of “centuries-old willows on the banks”, withered pastures and stripes of “emerald winter crops”, comparing the murmur of cranes with the sounds of gurgling water “from a ringing glass vessel into another similar vessel”, K.G. Paustovsky shows the power of nature's influence. It is no coincidence that the hero-narrator draws a parallel between the brilliant poem by M.Yu. Lermontov and masterpieces of the surrounding world. The sun playing with trembling gold, the air “strongly reeking of wine” and the thinnest ingot “of gold and bronze” of an autumn leaf - all this is a perfect, from the writer’s point of view, impeccable work that changed the hero’s view of the world.
The author's position is beyond doubt. K.G. Paustovsky is convinced that even the smallest natural phenomenon can reveal in a person the ability to joyfully perceive the world. The rhetorical enthusiastic exclamation with which the text ends convinces us of this: “What can I say!”

Yu. Yakovlev’s story “Awakened by Nightingales” helped me to become convinced that nature and its beauty can change a person’s perception of the world and open it up to people. Reading about little Selyuzhenka, together with him you feel alienation from both adults and children, the loneliness of the hero. It seemed that there was no force that could awaken interest in a child and open the hero’s soul to people. Surprisingly, nature became a real salvation! Together with Selyuzhenok, we, enchanted and delighted by the nightingale’s singing, stand motionless all night, afraid to break the thread stretching between us and the moon. Reading the story, you understand that it was the meeting with the miracle of nature that helped the hero shed his old, worthless skin and become himself.

I would like to substantiate my confidence that nature is capable of saving a person’s life by referring to F. Abramov’s story “There is, there is such a medicine!” The writer introduces us to the main character - Baba Manya, unlike everyone else in the village, who knows a special approach to birds. We see the heroine in a difficult period of her life: the doctors abandoned her, small and old, sending her as a lady to die, saying that there is no cure for old age. This would have happened if not for her beloved bird people. The singing of starlings and their knocking on the window forced the dying woman to make an incredible effort and get out of bed. The touching story of the relationship between birds and Baba Mani leaves no doubt: nature can help in the most difficult situations!

Text by G.K. Paustovsky is, of course, addressed to each of us and allows us to think about the power of nature’s influence on a person’s perception of the world and attitude towards what is happening around them.

Text by K.G. Paustovsky

(1) Autumn this year was dry and warm all the time. (2) The birch groves did not turn yellow for a long time. (3) The grass did not wither for a long time. (4) Only a blue haze (popularly called “mga”) covered the reaches of the Oka and distant forests.

(5) “Mga” either thickened or turned pale. (6) Then through it appeared, as if through frosted glass, foggy visions of centuries-old willows on the banks, withered pastures and stripes of emerald winter crops.

(7) I was sailing on a boat down the river and suddenly I heard someone in the sky begin to carefully pour water from a ringing glass vessel into another similar vessel. (8) The water gurgled, tinkled, and murmured. (9) These sounds filled the entire space between the river and the sky. (10) It was the cranes crowing.

(11) I raised my head. (12) Large schools of cranes pulled one after another directly to the south. (13) They confidently and steadily walked south, where the sun played with trembling gold in the backwaters of the Oka, flying to a warm country with the elegiac name of Taurida.

(14) I abandoned the oars and looked at the cranes for a long time.

(15) A few days before this meeting with the cranes, one Moscow magazine asked me to write an article about what a “masterpiece” is and talk about some literary masterpiece. (16) In other words, about a perfect and impeccable work.

(17) I chose Lermontov’s poems “Testament”.

(18) Now on the river I thought that masterpieces exist not only in art, but also in nature. (19) Isn’t this masterpiece the cry of the cranes and their majestic flight along the air roads that have remained unchanged for many millennia?

(20) Birds said goodbye to Central Russia, with its swamps and thickets. (21) Autumn air was already seeping from there, strongly smelling of wine.

(22) What can I say! (23) Each autumn leaf was a masterpiece, the finest ingot of gold and bronze, sprinkled with cinnabar and niello.

(K.G. Paustovsky)

It is difficult to assess the importance of nature in human life. She generously gives people her wealth, surprises with her proud grandeur and unique beauty, and inspires. Nature teaches us to be humane, to treat all living things humanely, to resist any manifestation of evil and cruelty.

The text by G. Troepolsky touches on the problem of the beneficial influence of nature on humans. The yellow forest, in which “everything burned and shone along with the sun,” where “it was... easy... and fun,” helped the main character, the hunter, to truly experience the feeling of pain “for all those who kill in vain.”

Enjoying the silence, admiring the beauty of the autumn forest and the work of his faithful four-legged friend, Ivan Ivanovich feels happy and smiles. And suddenly a shot... It seems scary and absurd in the forest, where silence and harmony reign. The forest echoed with offense, as if perplexed: “the birches were frightened, they shuddered,” “the oak trees gasped.”

“Only for you, Bim,” the hunter tries to find an excuse for his action, holding a dead woodcock in the palm of his hand. But memories of the past, of the bird killed yesterday, do not allow my conscience to calm down. From that day on, the feeling of pity for animals and birds grew stronger every day in Ivan Ivanovich’s soul.

Man is very guilty before “our smaller brothers.” And this blame lies not only with poachers, who indifferently kill animals for their own benefit. People who throw animals out into the street, leaving them to their fate, act inhumanely. Unfortunately, this phenomenon is not uncommon.

It is impossible to imagine nature without animals and birds. They not only bring benefits, but also decorate our planet. It doesn’t hurt many people to learn from them love, loyalty and mutual understanding.

From early childhood we have known works that tell about the “human” qualities of “our little brothers.” L.N.’s short story once seemed touching to the point of tears. Tolstoy about the friendship of a lion and a little dog. I was surprised by the heroism of the gray sparrow, selflessly shielding its offspring with its tiny body. I.S. himself Turgenev, the author of the prose poem “Sparrow,” admits that he “was in awe of that little... bird, of its loving impulse.” We were happy for Mitrash, the hero of the fairy tale by M.M. Prishvin’s “Pantry of the Sun”, to whom Travka, the dog of the wise forester Antipych, sensitive to goodness, came to his aid.

I really want every person to learn to appreciate and feel in their hearts the beauty and uniqueness of the natural world around us, to learn to be humane. Maybe for this you need to go more often to the yellow autumn forest, in which, according to the writer G. Troepolsky, a person becomes cleaner?

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