Heartlessness, spiritual callousness are the arguments of the Unified State Examination. The problem of the role of goodness in human life

Text from the Unified State Examination

(1) Good and evil will give rise to actions specific to the respective cases. (2) Good brings pleasant experiences to others, but evil, on the contrary, wants him to suffer. (3) Do you feel it? (4) Good wants to protect someone from suffering, and evil wants to protect someone from pleasure. (5) Good rejoices in the happiness of others, evil in the suffering of others. (6) Good suffers from someone else’s suffering, and evil suffers from someone else’s happiness. (7) Good is ashamed of its motives, and evil is ashamed of its own. (8) Therefore, good disguises itself as a small evil, and evil disguises itself as a great good. (9) How does this happen, you say? (10) How is this good disguised? (11) Didn’t you really notice?..
(12) This happens every day, every day! (13) Good generously and shyly tries to hide its good motives, reduces them, disguises them as morally negative ones. (14) Or under neutral. (15) “No need for gratitude, it didn’t cost me anything.” (16) “This thing took up extra space, I didn’t know where to put it.” (17) “Don’t be mistaken, I’m not that sentimental, I’m terribly greedy, stingy, and this happened by accident, a whim suddenly came over me. (18) “Take it quickly, before I change my mind.” (19) Good is painful to listen to when people thank him. (20) But evil... (21) This comrade willingly accepts gratitude for his good deeds, even for non-existent ones, and loves to be rewarded loudly and in front of witnesses.
(22) Good is careless, acts without reasoning, and evil is a great professor of morality. (23) And he always gives a good justification for his dirty tricks.
(24) Aren’t you surprised by the harmony and orderliness of these manifestations? (25) How blind people are! (26) However, it is difficult to figure out where is light and where is dark. (27) The light one courageously says: “How light I am, I have a lot of dark spots.” (28) And the dark shouts: “I am all made of silver and the rays of the sun, but who can suspect a flaw in me!” (29) It’s impossible to behave any other way. (30) As soon as he says: “Here I have dark spots, too, the critics will rejoice and start talking. (31) No, you can’t! (32) That it is good to show off one’s virtues and suppress people with one’s nobility, that it is good to talk about one’s dirty tricks—neither one nor the other is unthinkable.
(33) Is a person capable of resisting evil, defeating it, establishing goodness, or, doomed to defeat, must he retreat and suppress his powerlessness?
(34) There is no limit to the improvement of the world, of man, therefore evil can be limited, but ultimately defeated... (35) Hardly. (36) But as long as a person lives, he will strive for good and to curb evil.
(according to V. Dudintsev)

Introduction

Good and evil are two extremes opposed to each other. There is enough of both in the world and it is quite difficult to determine what we are faced with at any given moment. Good is grace, it is self-sacrifice, it is the ability to live correctly, without demanding anything in return. Evil is a lie, a pretense, a desire for one’s own benefit by any means.

Problem

The problem of the collision of good and evil is raised in his text by V. Dudintsev. Reflecting on these two opposing categories, he asks the question: is a person capable of resisting evil, taking the path of good, or is it his fate to powerlessly kneel before evil?

A comment

The author reflects that good and evil give rise to actions appropriate to a given situation. Good sows pleasant feelings, moods and experiences, while evil, on the contrary, causes suffering to people. Good protects from suffering, and evil from happiness. Good is saddened by the misfortunes of others, and evil oppresses the joy of others.

The author is also confident that good and evil are equally ashamed of their motives. Therefore, they disguise them: good presents its motives as random, negative or neutral, and evil presents them as generosity and nobility. Dobro says: “It was not difficult for me.” And evil gladly accepts gratitude for its actions.

Good acts spontaneously, not caring about consequences and benefits, while evil is prudent and cold-blooded, convincing everyone of the goodness of its motives.

It is often difficult for people to understand where good actually is and where evil is. After all, good slanderes itself, convincing everyone that it is not without sin, not without dark spots. Evil, on the contrary, praises itself, convinces of its own innocence and perfection. Neither one nor the other can do otherwise. Otherwise, life will become too obvious and meaningless.

Author's position

V. Dudintsev is convinced that man is constantly improving, just like the world around him. Therefore, there is hope that evil can be limited in its power, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to defeat it completely. However, as long as a person is alive, he will invariably strive for good and to overcome evil.

Your position

I would like to say that the author is wrong, and sooner or later a person will completely defeat evil in his soul and in the world around him. But it is quite obvious that this is not the case. It will not be possible to completely overcome evil, because it is excellent at camouflaging itself, hiding under the guise of goodness and best intentions. This misconception is what primarily prevents humanity from defeating everything dark in our world and building an ideal social system. A lot of people died in the fight against injustice, against evil, against darkness.

Argument No. 1

I remember the image of Danko from M. Gorky’s story “Old Woman Izergil”, who gave his life for the good of his people. In search of light, people wandered through the forest thickets for a long time, losing their way due to darkness. They had already lost heart and began to blame the one who led them - the young and strong man named Danko.

To save the people, Danko tore out his burning heart and began to illuminate their path. When the crowd left the thicket, Danko fell powerless, and one cautious person trampled his heart with his foot.

This is how people repaid young man for salvation, for the good that he did for them.

Argument No. 2

Another example that proves the ambiguity of people’s behavior in the name of good, when evil is disguised as good intentions, is Rodion Raskolnikov from the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

The hero created a whole theory in which he considered all the points of assistance to those in need. But to achieve an idyll, he had to kill the old pawnbroker and her sick sister, who was carrying a child. As a result, his theory was debunked by him.

Conclusion

It is difficult to imagine a person who evaluates his every action from the standpoint of good or evil. More often we act as our inner self allows us. And each of our actions can be assessed in two ways - by doing good for someone, we can hurt another person. But at the same time, I believe that most of us still strive more for goodness and justice.

The simplest direction sometimes gives complex topics, and you need to be prepared for this, especially if you rely only on “kindness and cruelty.” Classic and long time ago for everyone famous examples may not be suitable for revealing tricky wording. Therefore, keep with you and distribute to your friends fresh and original arguments from stories, novels and novels by Russian authors. If something is missing, please indicate it in the comments.

Kindness

A. I. Solzhenitsyn, “ Matrenin Dvor» . Solzhenitsyn's story reveals the traits of a kind person through the example main character. Matryona is a hardworking person, but among the other residents of the village she is distinguished by such valuable qualities human character like selflessness, honesty, kindness. She never took money for her work, did it well, and did not complain about the difficulties of life. Matryona always comes to the aid of people around her, without demanding payment. She is ready to do anything for free necessary work. The heroine did not become bitter towards people, she retained her kindness of heart and the ability to enjoy every moment of life. It is such a person that can be called kind.
I.S. Turgenev, "Two Rich Men". In such a small work, Turgenev touched upon important topics for humanity. The author writes about what actions distinguish a generous, kind person. The writer compares the rich man and the poor man. While Rothschild “dedicates whole thousands to raising children, treating the sick, caring for the elderly,” a poor peasant family accepted an orphan niece into “their ruined little house.” The peasants are ready to give their last pennies for Katka; they cannot leave the girl alone. They sacrifice their well-being for the sake of a good deed, for the sake of helping those in need. That is why the rich man is “far from being like this guy”: Rothschild will never give away everything to the last penny. Selfless, honest, selfless actions speak of human kindness.
L. N. Tolstoy, “Anna Karenina”. Strong personality can be easily distinguished from weak. First of all, she is capable of good deed. After all, only strong man can overcome himself and meet another halfway: forgive him, rush to help, sometimes even neglecting himself. The reader will find an example of such a personality in L. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina”. The main character's husband committed Noble act: he forgave her for betraying her, closed his eyes to the terrible act. Karenin even adopted Anna's newborn daughter as a foster child. Of course, it is necessary to have an inner core, to be strong spirit to act honorably towards other people. Therefore, it cannot be said that kindness is a manifestation of weakness.
A. N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”. Parents need to show kindness and care to their children so that their child grows up to be an honest and generous person. Thus, in Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” Katerina stood out among many residents of Kalinov in that she retained her sincerity over the years, did not become bitter towards people, and did not learn to deceive, like Varvara. Since childhood, the girl grew up in love, understanding, kindness. That's why she feels like a stranger in this." dark kingdom", she cannot come to terms with lies, with cruelty. Katerina is a deeply religious person; committing a sin brings her torment. So, thanks to her parents, the heroine grew up sensitive, dreamy, and generous. This is why it is so important to show kindness and respect to your children.
A.S. Pushkin, "The Captain's Daughter". One person's kindness and compassion can save another's life. The literature allows us to provide many arguments confirming this. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin, thanks to the understanding and generosity of the Empress, Pyotr Grinev was released from punishment, his life was spared. Masha Mironova went to Catherine II to ask for help. The Empress took pity on the honest girl and showed mercy to her: she ordered the heroine’s lover to be released. Pyotr Grinev saved both his honest name and his life. Thus, the kindness and sensitivity of a person can save him from the death of another, which is why it is so important to cultivate these qualities in yourself and appreciate them.

Cruelty

A. N. Ostrovsky, “Dowry”. A cruel person is someone who treats people with disrespect and plays with their true feelings. This type of character is found in Ostrovsky’s work “The Dowry”. Paratov is an unprincipled, cold, flighty person. He deceives an honest girl, Larisa, twice. When the heroine met him after a year of separation, she believed his declarations of love and completely gave herself to Paratov. But Sergei hid from her that he was engaged to a rich bride. This was a strong blow for the sensitive young lady. Her hopes were dashed, her honor was lost. But for the hero this was an ordinary event; he is indifferent to the suffering of other people. Paratov treated Larisa cruelly, deceiving and betraying her.
DI. Fonvizin, “The Minor.” Why do people act cruelly towards each other and do not consider a person’s feelings at all? Callous behavior is sometimes caused by poor upbringing. Classicists also wrote about this truth. So, in the play “The Minor” by D.I. Fonvizin revealed the consequences of bad upbringing using the example of the Prostakov family. Since childhood, Mitrofan watched how cruelly his mother treated the serfs. Prostakova believes that she has the right to be rude to her servants and beat them. Therefore, Mitrofan grew up to be a cowardly egoist, like his mother. His cruelty manifested itself in the last act of the play - he pushed away the person closest to him and left Prostakova alone.
M. A. Sholokhov, “ Quiet Don» . Showing indifference is the highest degree of cruelty. In the epic novel “Quiet Flows the Don,” Grigory’s indifference brings Natalya a lot of suffering. She remained faithful to her husband all her life and always waited with trepidation for him at home. But Melekhov, throughout the entire work, rushes between her and Aksinya, making Natalya suffer. He cheated on his wife more than once and showed coldness towards the heroine. When Grigory realized that family is the highest value in life, it was too late - Natalya was no longer alive. So, Melekhov’s indifference brought a lot of misfortune to his wife; he acted cruelly, “brutally.”
A. P. Platonov, “Yushka”. The cruelty of people is true evil. The consequences of careless behavior can be the most tragic. In Platonov’s story “Yushka,” an honest, hardworking man died due to human cruelty. The main character was always bullied not only by children, but also by adults. Yushka silently endured all the humiliation and never showed anger. He thought that he was loved, but people simply took advantage of his helplessness. Over the years, the man’s health deteriorated, and he was tormented by chest illness. One cruel blow from a stranger became fatal for Yushka. He lay on the ground for a long time, and no one helped him. The hero died from indifference and human anger. Thus, cruelty can only bring misfortune and pain into the world, making the lives of all people only worse.
V.V. Mayakovsky, “ Good attitude to the horses". People need to act humanely not only towards each other, but also towards animals. This topic was explored by Mayakovsky in his poem “A Good Treatment for Horses.” Lyrical hero witnesses cruel treatment of a living being. He sees indifferent “onlookers” who do not care about what is happening around them. They are incapable of mercy and compassion. In his work, even the horse is more sensitive than people: “Behind the drops, the drops roll down its face.” We live side by side with nature, so we should be attentive to any creature and not be indifferent. The manifestation of cruelty and anger can lead to the most tragic consequences.
N. S. Leskov, “Lady Macbeth” Mtsensk district» . Katerina Lvovna lived in an atmosphere of cruelty and misunderstanding. Her husband and father-in-law did not love her and constantly accused her of infertility, although the young woman, unlike the obese and old merchant, had no health problems. Such injustice upset her very much, so she looked for love in the arms of the clerk. But the couple was caught by her father-in-law, and the heroine chose crime over shame: she poisoned the old man. Later, it was impossible to stop her: she killed her husband and even his relative because of her thirst to free herself and appropriate the inheritance. Of course, Katerina Lvovna cannot be justified, but still her cruelty began with disrespect and rudeness in the family circle. Reproaches and bad attitude men drove her to the point of having to seek happiness elsewhere. This means that the reason for the emergence of cruelty in a person is often the humiliation he has experienced.

arguments for an essay

In my opinion, cruelty is not only when you hurt people physically or psychologically, but cruelty is also a lack of concern for people who expect help from you or just words of sympathy. And we encounter this type of cruelty almost every day, because, and this is my deep conviction, cruelty is, first of all, a product of human indifference and selfishness.

The title of the story refers us to W. Shakespeare's play "Lady Macbeth", where Lady Macbeth's deceit and intrigue elevate her husband to the throne. The desire to achieve primacy makes Lady Macbeth even go beyond murder. Such is Ekaterina Izmailova: being the wife of a rich merchant, she falls in love with Sergei, her employee, and is expecting a child from him. Realizing that very soon her illegal relationship will be exposed, she, with the help of Sergei, kills her husband and father-in-law. And then, in order to remain the only heir to the entire fortune, she goes on to kill Fedya, her husband’s nephew.
We find a character similar to Katerina Izmailova

This is Vasilisa Kostyleva, who persuades the thief Vaska Pepel to kill her husband, old man Kostylev. Vasilisa, married to Kostylev without love, during their years life together, and was never able to penetrate my husband with at least a sense of respect. The only thing she feels towards him is hatred. The murder of her husband would have freed Vasilisa’s hands, making her the heiress of a small fortune. And she easily decides to kill, calmly explaining her plan to Ash.

a boy picks up a stray dog and brings it home. We see how full of care he is for a lonely, useless dog and how he does not understand his father, who demands that the dog be kicked out of the apartment. It just doesn’t fit into his head that one can offend a defenseless creature who has been offended more than once:

The ending of the story is tragic: having called trusting dog, his father shoots him in the ear. After reading this, we understand that in fact the father did not kill the dog, or rather not only the dog. First of all, he killed his soul in the child. Thus, the writer argues that the cruelty of an adult can only lead to hatred, to the loss of faith in goodness and justice.

The main character, Lena Bessoltseva, who took responsibility for an ugly act that she did not commit, is humiliated by her classmates in every possible way and even tries to be burned at the stake as a traitor. The cruelty of these still very immature people is truly enormous. She brings Lena unspeakable suffering: she is an outcast in the class, she is despised, hated, demonstrating her attitude in every possible way. But for a teenager, and for a person in general, there is nothing worse than exile and loneliness. The worst thing is that the person who actually committed this act (Lena’s classmate Dima Somov) could not find the strength to confess, and two more classmates, Shmakova and Popov, who accidentally found out the truth, decided not to interfere and see how the matter would end for Lena Bessoltseva. In my opinion, their indifference, even worse than cowardice Dima Somov.

Hello, dear readers blog site. December is just around the corner, which means there is exactly a month left before writing the final essay.

This is not so little, considering that in four weeks, with a fair amount of work, you can write from 5 to 10 test essays.

This article is dedicated to one of the thematic areas offered to graduates in 2018. It is formulated as follows: the essay “Kindness and.” To successfully write a text on this topic, just take a few simple steps.

Formulating specific essay topics

To begin with, we suggest that you comprehend the stated direction and formulate 5 approximate topics. This does not mean that you will get them in the exam. But, using at least one or two of them, you will come closer to understanding the problem. For example let's take the following topics:

— “How do kindness and cruelty coexist in the human heart?”;
- “Is a cruel person capable of a good deed?”;
- “Why do kind people become cruel?”;
— “Where does kindness end and cruelty begin in a situation of war?”;
- “Why are children cruel to each other?”

Choose a topic that is closer to you and proceed to the next stage of work.

Looking for quotes

Quotes will help diversify your essay. They are best placed in the introduction to the essay. Well chosen quote makes it possible to build on it and formulate your own.

To connect sentences, use expressions based on accepting an argument:

“A famous scientist expressed the idea that yellow unicorns are quite rare creatures, and one cannot but agree with this / this idea is confirmed in fiction, / And life experience confirms this..."

or based on his refutation:

“The writer proposes to consider yellow unicorns as a normal phenomenon, but we will try... to prove the opposite / argue with this point of view / reason differently...”

For example, using the aphorism of Honore de Balzac:

"Cruelty and fear shake hands with each other"

You can comment on the essay about the causes of cruelty.

And the quote from Leo Tolstoy will become best start own reasoning:

"The most best qualities without kindness they are worth nothing, and the worst vices are easily forgiven..."

Arguments from literature on the topic of kindness and cruelty

A good illustration of the stated direction will be Pugachev’s behavior in “ The captain's daughter » A.S. Pushkin.

The scenes of the rebels' reprisals against the captain and captain, horrifying in their cruelty, are replaced by an episode of the inexplicable good nature of the rebel towards Pyotr Grinev. What makes the same person be sometimes heartless and sometimes merciful?

The famous Gogol story " Taras Bulba"tells about the life of the Cossacks, whose goal in life is to defend in military battle. In a situation of war, the world is divided into “us” and “strangers”, therefore cordial and fair in peaceful life Taras Bulba becomes merciless towards his son when it comes to loyalty to the Fatherland.

Believing that the right punishes the wrong, “one’s own” - “their”, the father brutally kills his own son. Bulba's cruelty is determined by the era in which he lives, the culture and traditions of his environment.

M. Gorky in the play “ At the bottom"draws images of heroes who find themselves outside the normal social environment. All of them, due to various circumstances, become inhabitants of a shelter in which cruelty, envy, and the desire to deceive reign.

Only Luke the Comforter is good. But in reality, his kindness turns out to be insufficient to save them: it dissolves in words and is not confirmed by deeds. Such kindness is worse than cruelty: it becomes destructive for the characters.

In addition to the mentioned works, it is permissible to refer for arguments to:

story by I. S. Turgenev “Mu-mu”
his novel "Fathers and Sons"
novel by I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”
poem by S.A. Yesenina "Anna Snegina"
story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s yard”
novel by B. L. Pasternak “Doctor Zhivago”
epic novel by M. A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”
and other literary sources.

Let's get started

We will try our best formulate succinctly main idea , illustrate it with logical, interconnected arguments and draw a conclusion that corresponds to the main thesis voiced at the beginning.

Let's sketch plan: “Kindness and cruelty. Composition". It should consist of three elements:

- introduction;
- main part;
- conclusions.

Additional Tips accept here:

For example, let’s take the third topic: “ Why do kind people become cruel?" In the draft we will write down arguments that will help illustrate the evil, aggressive behavior of a person who was previously in good standing.

To the two main arguments, it would not be amiss to add a third (preferably from Western European literature). Each paragraph should end with a mini-conclusion, and the entire text of the work should end with a general conclusion.

Example of a final essay: “Why do kind people become cruel?”

The Chinese sage Confucius said: “All people are born good.” It’s hard to argue with this: babies don’t know envy, deceit, or lies. They are defenseless in front of people and are equally open to good and evil. Why does it happen that kind people become cruel?
IN loving families Calm sons and affectionate daughters are growing up. And if the family is dysfunctional (parents quarrel, focus only on themselves, disappear completely), childhood collapses. What a person will be like depends on the environment in which he grows up. If someone good-natured shows aggression and callousness towards others, it means that he was hurt, offended, insulted, and made to lose faith in people.
An example of this is the official Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin from the story by N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat". Serving honestly in my department, " small man“I didn’t dream of anything, but as soon as Akaki Akakievich wished new overcoat how providence laughed at him. The overcoat was perceived by the official as alive - he thought about it so much, prepared for so long for the new life, the symbol of which it became.
And when the overcoat finally came into his possession, unknown people took it away. Bashmachkin died of shock. The ghost of Akaki Akakievich began to take away the overcoats of everyone he met. So N.V. Gogol described the model of the birth of cruelty: the offended becomes an offender. True, it happens only after the death of the hero.
In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" the problem reaches its climax. The murder of the old woman by student Raskolnikov is a reaction to the cruelty of the surrounding world, which burdens the hero. Blood begets blood, evil cannot stop evil.
Only the sacrificial love of Sonya Marmeladova breaks this chain. Pride gives way to repentance, cruelty gives way to the kindness that lived in Raskolnikov’s heart even when he was a child. Another example of a kind person turning cruel illustrates beautiful girl Lorelei, recorded by the German Romantic poet Clemens Brentano.
The river fairy Loreline (or Lorelei) sits on top of a rock and sings sweet songs that drive everyone crazy who hears them. Lorelei's beauty is destructive, but it does not please the girl, because her heart is broken unrequited love. Having suffered from the cruelty of her lover, Lorelei indifferently destroys other young men, and then dies herself. This is how cruelty destroys everything around and inside a person.
No matter how kind we are, life sends us severe tests, and not everyone has the strength to withstand. Few people retain such qualities as warmth and warmth throughout their lives. People become cruel to protect themselves from new pain, to take revenge, to fight back against those who have offended them. Only love can break this circle. It is she who gives strength to live on.

Analyzing the results and preparing for the Unified State Exam

The final essay will show how ready you are for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language.

Even if the test is successfully received, honestly ask yourself the following questions:

- Is there a lot? literary works have I read it?
— Do I know how to select quotes and arguments?
— Am I able to draw logical conclusions?
— Was it easy for me to write the essay?

If the answer to at least one of these questions is negative, it makes sense to continue writing test essays, bringing this skill to perfection. Then part WITH your written exam will absolutely please both you and the examiners.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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Arguments

A.S. Pushkin “Dubrovsky”. The conflict between Andrei Dubrovsky and Kirilla Petrovich Troekurov ended tragically due to the callousness and heartlessness on the part of the latter. The words spoken by Dubrovsky, although they were offensive to Troekurov, were certainly not worth the abuse, dishonest trial and death of the hero. Kirill Petrovich did not spare his friend, although in the past they had a lot of good things in common. The landowner was driven by heartlessness and a desire for revenge, which led to the death of Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. The consequences of what happened were terrible: officials burned, people were left without their real master, Vladimir Dubrovsky became a robber. The manifestation of the spiritual callousness of just one person made the lives of many people miserable.

A.S. Pushkin “The Queen of Spades”. Hermann, the protagonist of the work, is driven to act heartlessly by the desire to get rich. To achieve his goal, he presents himself as an admirer of Lizaveta, although in fact he does not have feelings for her. He gives the girl false hopes. Penetrating into the countess's house with the help of Lizaveta, Hermann asks the old woman to tell him the secret of the three cards, and after her refusal, he takes out an unloaded pistol. Graphia, very frightened, dies. The deceased old woman comes to him a few days later and reveals the secret on the condition that Hermann will not play more than one card per day, in the future will not play at all and will marry Lizaveta. But the hero does not have a happy future: his heartless actions serve as a reason for retribution. After two wins, Hermann loses, which causes him to go crazy.

M. Gorky “At the Bottom”. Vasilisa Kostyleva does not feel any feelings for her husband except hatred and complete indifference. Wanting to inherit at least a small fortune, she very easily decides to persuade the thief Vaska Pepel to kill her husband. It's hard to imagine how heartless a person would have to be to come up with such a plan. The fact that Vasilisa was not married out of love does not in the least justify her action. A person must remain a person in any situation.

I.A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”. The theme of the death of human civilization is one of the main ones in this work. The manifestation of the spiritual degradation of people lies, among other things, in their spiritual callousness, heartlessness, and indifference towards each other. Sudden death The gentleman from San Francisco evokes not compassion, but disgust. During his life, he is loved for his money, and after his death, they heartlessly put him in the worst room, so as not to spoil the reputation of the establishment. They cannot even make a normal coffin for a person who dies in a foreign country. People have lost true spiritual values, which have been replaced by a thirst for material gain.

K.G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. A life full of activities and events captivates Nastya so much that she forgets about the only person truly close to her - her old mother Katerina Petrovna. The girl, receiving letters from her, is glad that her mother is alive, but does not think about anything else. Nastya doesn’t even read the telegram from Tikhon about Katerina Petrovna’s poor condition right away: at first she doesn’t understand at all who she’s talking about. we're talking about. Later, the girl realizes how heartless her attitude towards to a loved one. Nastya goes to Katerina Petrovna, but does not find her alive. She feels guilty before her mother, who loved her so much.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matrenin’s Dvor”. Matryona is a person you rarely meet. Without thinking about herself, she never refused to help strangers and treated everyone with kindness and sympathy. People didn't answer her in kind. After the tragic death of Matryona, Thaddeus thought only about how to win back part of the hut. Almost all relatives came to cry over the woman’s coffin only as an obligation. They did not remember Matryona during her lifetime, but after her death they began to lay claim to the inheritance. This situation shows how callous and indifferent human souls have become.

F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. Rodion Raskolnikov's heartlessness was expressed by his desire to test his terrible theory. Having killed the old pawnbroker, he tried to find out who he belonged to: “trembling creatures” or “those with the right.” The hero failed to maintain composure, to accept what he did as right, which means that he is not characterized by absolute spiritual callousness. The spiritual resurrection of Rodion Raskolnikov confirms that a person has a chance for correction.

Y. Yakovlev “He killed my dog.” The boy, showing compassion and mercy, brings a stray dog into his apartment. His father doesn’t like this: the man demands that the animal be thrown back onto the street. The hero cannot do this, because “she was already kicked out.” The father, acting completely indifferent and indifferent, calls the dog to him and shoots him in the ear. The child cannot understand why an innocent animal was killed. Together with the dog, the father kills the child’s faith in the justice of this world.

ON THE. Nekrasov “Reflections at the front entrance.” The poem depicts the harsh reality of that time. The life of ordinary men and officials who spend their lives only in pleasure are contrasted. High-ranking people are heartless because they are indifferent to problems ordinary people. And for common man An official's solution to even the most insignificant issue can be a salvation.

V. Zheleznikov “Scarecrow”. Lena Bessoltseva voluntarily took responsibility for a very bad act to which she had nothing to do. Because of this, she was forced to endure humiliation and bullying from her classmates. One of the most difficult tests for the girl was loneliness, because being an outcast is difficult at any age, and even more so in childhood. The boy who actually committed this act did not have the courage to confess. Two classmates who learned the truth also decided not to interfere in the situation. The indifference and heartlessness of those around him made the man suffer.