Folk copyright. Folk songs - texts, words - collection

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17 of the most beautiful types of folk art in Russia.

Folk crafts are exactly what makes our culture rich and unique. Foreign tourists take with them painted objects, toys and textile products in memory of our country.

Almost every corner of Russia has its own type of needlework, and in this material we have collected the brightest and most famous of them.

Dymkovo toy

The Dymkovo toy is a symbol of the Kirov region, emphasizing its rich and ancient history. It is molded from clay, then dried and fired in a kiln. After that, it is painted by hand, each time creating a unique copy. There cannot be two identical toys.

Zhostovo painting

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Vishnyakov brothers lived in one of the Moscow villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now Mytishchi district), and they were engaged in painting lacquered metal trays, sugar bowls, pallets, papier-mâché boxes, cigarette cases, teapots, albums and other things. Since then, artistic painting in the Zhostovo style has begun to gain popularity and attract attention at numerous exhibitions in our country and abroad.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma is one of the most beautiful Russian crafts, which originated in the 17th century near Nizhny Novgorod. This is a decorative painting of furniture and wooden utensils, which is loved not only by connoisseurs of Russian antiquity, but also by residents of foreign countries.

The intricately intertwined herbal patterns of bright scarlet berries and golden leaves on a black background can be admired endlessly. Therefore, even traditional wooden spoons, presented on the most insignificant occasion, leave the recipient with the kindest and longest memory of the donor.

Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting has existed since the mid-19th century. Bright, laconic patterns reflect genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, and floral patterns. The painting is done in a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline; it decorates spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.

Filigree

Filigree is one of the oldest types of artistic metal processing. Elements of a filigree pattern can be very diverse: in the form of a rope, lace, weaving, herringbone, path, satin stitch. The weaves are made from very thin gold or silver wires, so they look light and fragile.

Ural malachite

Known deposits of malachite are in the Urals, Africa, South Australia and the USA, however, in terms of color and beauty of patterns, malachite from foreign countries cannot be compared with that from the Urals. Therefore, malachite from the Urals is considered the most valuable on the world market.

Gusev crystal

Products made at the Gus-Khrustalny crystal factory can be found in museums all over the world. Traditional Russian souvenirs, household items, sets for the festive table, elegant jewelry, boxes, and handmade figurines reflect the beauty of our native nature, its customs and primordially Russian values. Products made from colored crystal are especially popular.

Matryoshka

A chubby and plump cheerful girl in a headscarf and Russian folk dress won the hearts of lovers of folk toys and beautiful souvenirs around the world.

Now the nesting doll is not just a folk toy, a keeper of Russian culture: it is a memorable souvenir for tourists, on the apron of which play scenes, fairy tale plots and landscapes with attractions are finely drawn. The nesting doll has become a precious collectible that can cost hundreds of dollars.

Enamel

Vintage brooches, bracelets, pendants, which quickly “entered” modern fashion, are nothing more than jewelry made using the enamel technique. This type of applied art originated in the 17th century in the Vologda region.

Masters depicted floral patterns, birds, and animals on white enamel using a variety of paints. Then the art of multi-color enamel began to be lost, and monochromatic enamel began to supplant it: white, blue and green. Now both styles are successfully combined.

Tula samovar

In his free time, Fyodor Lisitsyn, an employee of the Tula Arms Factory, loved to make something out of copper, and once made a samovar. Then his sons opened a samovar establishment where they sold copper products, which were wildly successful.

The Lisitsyn samovars were famous for their variety of shapes and finishes: barrels, vases with chasing and engraving, egg-shaped samovars, with dolphin-shaped taps, with loop-shaped handles, and painted ones.

Palekh miniature

Palekh miniature is a special, subtle, poetic vision of the world, which is characteristic of Russian folk beliefs and songs. The painting uses brown-orange and bluish-green tones.

Palekh painting has no analogues in the whole world. It is done on papier-mâché and only then transferred to the surface of boxes of various shapes and sizes.

Gzhel

The Gzhel bush, an area of ​​27 villages located near Moscow, is famous for its clay, which has been mined here since the mid-17th century. In the 19th century, Gzhel craftsmen began to produce semi-faience, earthenware and porcelain. Of particular interest are still items painted in one color - blue overglaze paint applied with a brush, with graphic detailing.

Pavlovo Posad shawls

Bright and light, feminine Pavloposad shawls are always fashionable and relevant. This folk craft appeared at the end of the 18th century at a peasant enterprise in the village of Pavlovo, from which a shawl manufactory subsequently developed. It produced woolen shawls with printed patterns, which were very popular at that time.

We consider some songs well known to every Russian (and not only Russian) people as folk songs. They are often declared “Russian folk song...”. Remember the incomparable Ekaterina Savinova-Frosya Burlakova in the legendary film “Come Tomorrow” said: “folk music, I don’t know whose words, probably also folk.”
But someone wrote them! Today I want to remind you of two such truly popular poets: Alexei Koltsov and Ivan Surikov.

Everyone, perhaps, is familiar with the lines from childhood

This is my village;
This is my home;
Here I am sledding
Steep up the mountain...

This is Surikov’s “Childhood”. And I'm no exception. One of my first books, I even remember the pictures from it.

But this post is about songs. One of the most famous, which is often sung even now in concerts and at feasts (despite its one and a half century history!) is “Rowan” (“Why are you standing swaying, thin rowan?”). This is how it sounds performed by a Russian folk song choir

But the poems of I.Z. Surikov
:
"Why are you making noise, rocking,
Thin rowan,
Bent low
Head to the rear?
- “I speak with the wind
About your misfortune
That I grow alone
In this garden.
Sad, little orphan,
I'm standing, rocking,
What a blade of grass is to the ground,
I bend over to the tine.
There, beyond the tine, in the field,
Over the deep river
In the open, in freedom,
The oak grows tall.
How I wish
Move to the oak tree;
I wouldn't do it then
Bend and swing.
The branches would be close
I snuggled up to him
And with its sheets
Whispered day and night.
No, rowan is not allowed
Move to the oak tree!
Know, me, an orphan,
A century of swinging alone."
<1864>
As you can see, the words in the song have been slightly altered. Well, the author of the music is completely unknown. So the song can easily be attributed to folk art. So to speak, the co-authorship of the Poet and the People.

And here is another poem by Ivan Zakharovich
Horses rush and carry,
The steppe continues to run into the distance;
Snowy blizzard
The steppe is buzzing.

Snow and snow all around;
Sadness takes over my heart;
About Mozdok
The steppe coachman sings...

Like the expanse of the steppe
Wide-large;
Like the steppe is deaf
The coachman was dying;

Like your last one
Hour before death
He's a friend
Gave an order...

Learned? Of course, the famous song “Steppe, and steppe all around.” Also quite modified compared to the original. There are many variations of the lyrics to this song. And Surikov’s poems sound like this.
"I see the death of me
Here, in the steppe, it will strike, -
Don't remember, friend,
My evil grievances.

My evil grievances
Yes and nonsense
Unreasonable words
The old rudeness.

Bury me
Here, in the deserted steppe;
Black horses
Take me home.

Take me home
Give them to the priest;
Take a bow
To the old mother.

To a young wife
Tell me, my friend,
So that she
I didn't wait to go home...

By the way, she still
Don't forget to say:
It's hard for a widow
I should throw it!

Pass the word
Farewell to her
And give me the ring
Engagement.

Let her talk about me
Doesn't grieve;
With the one after your heart,
He'll get married!"

The coachman fell silent,
A tear is rolling...
And in the steppe the deaf
The blizzard is crying.

"Like the expanse of the steppe
Wide-large;
Like the steppe is deaf
The coachman was dying."

By the way, these poems were inspired by Surikov’s old coachman’s song “MOZDOK STEPPE...”

Is it my steppe, Mozdok steppe,
Mozdok Steppe!
How wide, how far, steppe, do you stretch,
Stretched out
From Saratov you, steppe, to the village of Tsaritsyn,
To Tsaritsyn;
A large path ran across the steppe,
The path is wide...
Young cab drivers drove along it,
Young;
Like their horses are dun, all are dun,
Their clamps are silver,
Serebryany;
Like their bridles are all set,
All typesetting;
Like their carts are all spiked,
All studded...
Something bad happened to them,
Yes, quite a lot.
Their good fellow fell ill and fell ill,
Young izvoschik...
He asked something, he asked his comrades,
Comrades:
“Oh, you, my brothers, you are friends and comrades,
Comrades!
Do not leave, brothers, my black horses,
Black horses.
And you, brothers, take a deep bow to my father,
Low bow,
To my dear mother petitioner,
Yes to the petitioner,
To the little children, my blessing,
Blessing
I give my young wife a lot of love,
Everything is free."

The song “Steppe and steppe all around” is also most often called Russian folk song. But it has authors of both words and music. Ivan Surikov and S. Sadovsky.
Performed by Lidia Ruslanova

We find the origins of another folk song in the works of Surikov (or are the poems inspired by a folk song? Now we don’t know)

I grew up an orphan
Like a blade of grass in a field;
My youth was passing
Others are in captivity.

I've been since I was thirteen
I walked among people:
Where I rocked the children
Where she milked the cows.

I am of bright joy,
I didn’t see any affection:
Mine is worn out
Beauty has faded.

They wore her out
Grief and bondage;
Know that this is mine
The share was born.

I was born
A beautiful girl
Only God didn’t give it
May I be happy.

Bird in a dark garden
Sings songs
And the she-wolf in the forest
He plays happily.

The bird has a nest
The she-wolf has children -
I have nothing
No one in the world.

Oh, I'm poor, poor,
I'm poorly dressed, -
No one will marry me
And he didn’t take it for it!

Oh you, my share,
The orphan share!
Like wormwood grass,
Bitter aspen!

The most famous lines “I am good, good...”, which Tatyana Peltzer sang so colorfully here, as we see, are not present at all in the original.

Another national poet is Alexey Koltsov.

Russian song

I loved him
Hotter than day and fire,
How to love others
They will never be able to!

Only with him alone
I lived in the world;
My soul to him
She gave her life to him!

What a night, what a moon,
When I'm waiting for a friend!
And pale, cold,
I'm freezing, trembling!

Here he comes, singing:
Where are you, my dawn?
Here he takes your hand,
Here he is kissing me!

Dear friend, turn it off
Your kisses!
And without them with you
Fire burns in the blood

And without them with you
The blush burns on the face,
And my chest is worried
And it's boiling hot!

And the eyes shine
A radiant star!
I lived for him -
I loved with my soul!

In a sense, Koltsov was luckier; the texts of his poems in songs have remained practically unchanged.

Don't make any noise, rye, with your ripe ears!
Music by Gurilev, sung by students of the vocal department of the Gnessin Russian Academy of Music,

The exception is perhaps the most famous song based on his poems - “Khutorok”. And even then, it has not been redone, but simply greatly shortened, because... the original poem is quite long.
Sings Sergei Lemeshev.

There are many songs and romances based on Koltsov’s poems here

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency for Education

Komi State Pedagogical Institute

Faculty of Pedagogy and Methods of Primary Education

Specialty "Preschool pedagogy and psychology"

Department of Pedagogy

Extramural

Test

on children's literature

Exercise 1

Perform a complete analysis of Russian folk tales (by type):

a) a fairy tale - a social fairy tale or

b) a fairy tale about animals - a fairy tale or

c) a fairy tale - a cumulative fairy tale.

When analyzing fairy tales, make extracts from the recommended literature, identifying the features of each type of fairy tale.

It’s scary to think that folklore, traditionally passed down orally from generation to generation for many centuries, entered a time of crisis in the middle of the 19th century, when the creative thought of the people, disturbed by social novelty, rushed to new subjects - and the full-fledged art of telling fairy tales began to be seen less and less often. . After all, fairy tales have retained all the depth of meaning, the richness of fiction, the freshness of the folk moral feeling expressed in them, and the brilliance of poetic style.

Russian folk tale "The Greedy Old Woman". (“Russian folk tales by A.N. Afanasyev in three volumes.” Edited by V.P. Anikin.)

Social and everyday fairy tale about how an old man in the forest found a magic tree that granted wishes because the old man did not cut it down. But the old woman, the old man’s wife, filled with exorbitant pride and greed, destroyed herself and her husband. There is a magical element in the fairy tale - a tree, which at the beginning of the fairy tale makes the dreams of the heroes come true, and in the finale punishes them for their exorbitant pride and greed. It is based on one plot action – an old man’s trip to the forest.

Composition.

Opening: “An old man lived with his old woman.”

The action unfolds dynamically, without long descriptions. A repetition of the action is used: an old man going into the forest with an ax to a tree. Each time the old man's demands on the tree increase, i.e. The action develops progressively. The denouement is the transformation of an old man and an old woman into a bear and a she-bear. Ending: “...and they ran into the forest.”

Images.

In the fairy tale there is a helper object - a tree, which fulfills the wishes of the hero of the fairy tale (the old man).

The male image is an old man. A poor man, lacking initiative, under the influence of his wife and meekly following her instructions, dreaming of happiness. “The old woman got tired of being a general, she says to the old man:

“What a great thing, General!...Go to the tree, ask him to make you a king and me a queen.”

The female image is an old woman. A despotic, greedy and with great ambitions woman who dreams of power, who at the end of the fairy tale wishes to become a goddess.

The language of fairy tales.

The fairy tale uses folklore elements: “What do you want?”, “Go to the tree,” “Go with God,” “What kind of self-interest,” “The old man returned,” “He turned into a bear.”

Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess". ( “Russian folk tales by A.N. Afanasyev in three volumes." Ed. V.P. Anikina.)

Fairy tale. A fairy tale about the search for a bride and her deliverance from the captivity of witchcraft. The fairy tale features a mythical hero - Baba Yaga.

The father wants to marry his sons and for this he decides to shoot arrows
To search for brides, the sons find them and play weddings, but the father decides to check his brides and gives them tasks. At this time, Ivan Tsarevich burns the skin of a frog and loses his bride, and then goes in search of her, during which he meets Baba Yaga on the way, and she helps to rescue Elena the Beautiful.

Composition.

Proverb: “In the old days, in the old days, one king had three sons - all of them aged.”

Opening: “The big son shot...” Here the sons shoot arrows to search for brides and find them: the eldest gets the “prince’s daughter,” the middle one gets the “general’s daughter,” and the youngest gets a frog. They are having a wedding.

Development of the action: “The king once wanted to see the gifts from his daughters-in-law, which of them was the better craftswoman. Gave the order." The king tests the skills of his daughters-in-law: who sews, bakes, and dances best.

Climax: “The ball was leaving. Ivan Tsarevich went ahead, found a woman’s casing there somewhere, took it and burned it.” Ivan Tsarevich meets Baba Yaga's sisters and they help rescue the bride.

Ending: “Suddenly Elena the Beautiful appeared and began to say hello... Elena the Beautiful took the magic carpet from the old woman, sat on it, and they flew away like birds flew.”

The final order: “and they flew home, everyone was happy, they began to live and be and make a living - to the glory of all people.”

Characteristics:

Ivan Tsarevich is the ideal of the people, the son of the king, but he acquires ideal features in the process of initiation. He falls in love with his bride and, to save her, goes to any lengths and communicates with Baba Yaga. Open, honest.

Elena the Beautiful - a woman with magical qualities, is a wife, part of the man's world.

Baba Yaga - the era of patriarchy, a guide to the world of the dead, helps the hero to help out the bride: “The old woman gave her something to drink, feed, and put to bed,” tells how to break the evil spell.

National language style- Russian.

The fairy tale contains all the compositional elements. Fairy tale heroes are realistic and mythical. Description of the appearance of the characters: “she became a red maiden”, “she dressed like a miracle”, “what a beauty”; description of time: “A year has passed”, “It’s been going on for a long time.”

Commonly used vocabulary is used using folklorisms: “kaka”, “shot”, “frog”, “sdelat”, “cunning”, “koska”, etc., neologisms: “kuli-muli”

Diminutive nouns are used: “Oh, child, how long have you (been away)”, “spindle”.

The fairy tale uses all parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs, short adjectives: “princely”, “general’s”. The syntax uses complex and simple sentences, complex sentences. Inversion uses dialogue.

Task 2

A) show the common and distinctive features of Russian and Komi folk tales. Compare by type:

a) magical: tales about the snake Gorynych and “Gundyr” or

b) everyday: for example, “Grief” and “Tailor and Mistletoe”, “Intractable Petra” or

c) about animals: “Cat, fox and rooster” and “Fox and hare”.

B) Prove that Pera the hero is an original national hero of Komi fairy tales.

A) We will take for comparison the tales about animals “The Cat, the Fox and the Rooster” (modeled by A.N. Afanasyev) and “The Fox and the Hare” (modeled by F.V. Plesovsky).

Features of great similarity have long been noticed in the fairy tales of peoples living in different parts of Russia. Sometimes these are simply recent borrowings. In both fairy tales, human vices are ridiculed, good triumphs over evil, so they are similar primarily in their edification. Despite this undeniable similarity, the plots do not coincide, there are discrepancies in the content and depiction of images, which is associated with the peculiarities of social and family relations, life, and folklore traditions of each nation.

In fairy tales there is a sharp distinction between positive and negative. Meanwhile, the images do not match. The national features of a fairy tale are determined to a large extent by the folklore traditions of the people and their inherent special poetic view. In Russian fairy tales, the hare usually plays the role of a coward, and the fox in them is cunning. In a Komi fairy tale, on the contrary, a brave hare taught a lesson to a stupid fox. These tales reflect the fauna of the area where they appeared. The animals in them are both similar and not similar to real ones. With their speech and behavior they resemble the people who created the fairy tale.

The origins of Komi literature are rich and varied folklore (in the 19th century, Russian scientists began to collect and record it). The first monuments of ancient Komi writing, founded by the missionary Stefan of Perm, date back to the 14th – 16th centuries.

In the fairy tales of the Komi people, the surrounding reality, as the creation of God, was not subject to human knowledge; man was subject to natural phenomena as manifestations of higher powers.

So, to summarize:

– Common features:

The heroes of fairy tales have typical human features that acquire artistic conventions: the fox is cunning, boastful; The hare is cowardly, but resourceful. At the center is the conflict between animals as representatives of different human types. In the Russian folk tale "The Cat, the Rooster and the Fox" there is a conflict between the fox and the domestic animals the cat and the rooster. In the Komi folk tale “The Fox and the Hare” - between a boastful fox and a resourceful hare. The plot is dynamic: in the Russian fairy tale, the friendship of a cat and a rooster defeats the cunning of a fox; in a Komi fairy tale, a resourceful hare taught a lesson to a fox. The ideological content is the glorification of positive human traits: mutual assistance, modesty, resourcefulness.

In order to reveal the characteristics of the characters’ actions, speech and animal dialogues are used. In fairy tales, the technique of inversion is used: “If the fox comes to invite you for a visit.”, “The fox was already spinning to fry him (the rooster)” - Russian. adv. fairy tale “Cat, Rooster and Fox”; “I’ve already managed to get myself a Moscow caftan.” - Komi people fairy tale "The Fox and the Hare".

- Distinctive features:

In the Russian folk tale “The Cat, the Rooster and the Fox,” the plot is simple, dynamic, there are practically no descriptions, and repetition of the action is used (the theft of a rooster by a fox). In the fairy tale, there is a threat to the life of the hero (rooster) and therefore the denouement is a physical victory over the fox (“He (the cat) killed her too and saved the cochet from death”). The fox here is cunning, insidious, luring the rooster by deception: “Let’s go to the gumets, roll the golden apples.” When addressing each other, animals use diminutive forms: Kochetok, Kochetunyushka, Kotinka, Kotunyushka, Little Fox...

In the Komi folk tale “The Fox and the Hare” the plot is more developed. The hare not only taught the boastful fox a lesson from vices, whipping her with rods:

- Oh, don’t you eat chickens?

Oral folk art represents a vast layer of Russian culture, formed over many centuries. The works of Russian folklore reflect many of the feelings of the people and their experiences, history, serious thoughts about the meaning of life, humor, fun and much more. Most works of oral folk art exist in poetic form, which made it possible to remember them well and pass them on from generation to generation orally.

Small genres of folklore include works of small volume: ditties, nursery rhymes, jokes, proverbs, riddles, lullabies, fables, tongue twisters. Sometimes they are classified as children's folklore, because in ancient times a person's acquaintance with these works occurred at an age when he did not even speak. These works are interesting for their brightness, accessibility, and form that is understandable to everyone.

Small genres of Russian folklore:

Russian folk proverbs

Russian proverbs and sayings are short, rhythmically organized, figurative folk sayings, often with edifying, instructive content; these are original folk aphorisms. They often consist of two parts, supported by rhyme, have rhythm, characteristic alliteration and assonance.

Russian folk nursery rhymes

Folk nursery rhymes are rhymed short stories, songs and rhymes, combined with simple movements, designed to entertain the child, train his memory, develop fine motor skills and coordination of movements, and harmonious development of the child as a whole, through an unobtrusive form of play.

Russian folk jokes

Jokes or amusements are small, funny, often rhymed works that tell in a bright, entertaining form about interesting events that happened to its heroes. They are distinguished by dynamic content, energetic actions of the characters, designed to interest the child, develop his imagination, and bring positive emotions.

Russian folk tales

Russian folk tales are small-scale fairy tales, sometimes presented in rhymed form, the plot of which is built on meaningless events that defy logic. Their task is to amuse the listener, instill in the child a sense of humor, logic, imagination and develop the entire thinking process as a whole.

Russian folk tongue twisters

Russian tongue twister is a short comic phrase built on a combination of hard-to-pronounce sounds, invented by our ancestors for entertainment and now used to correct problems with speech and diction.

Is it a fairy tale for children? Initially, no. The first books of fairy tales were collections of folklore stories, and it was impossible to call them children's books, even if one wanted to. Only later did fairy tales, adapted by writers, become reading material for children. In Russia, the first fairy tale written specifically for children appeared only in 1829. It was the well-known “Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants” by Anthony Pogorelsky.

It is unlikely that today anyone will seriously begin to argue that fairy tales are a useless atavism, but at the dawn of the Soviet era they were recognized as harmful. Many people got it back then, and especially Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky for “Crocodile”, “Cockroach” and “Tsokotukha Fly”. Books with folk tales were removed from libraries, and fairy-tale “mysticism” was considered nonsense that interfered with the education of the working class. But the fairy tale survived just like the New Year.

Today the fairy tale lives in a variety of genres and book formats. The choice is huge: folk and original, modern and ancient, translated and Russian, adapted and unadapted, “uncut.” Connoisseurs of authenticity can acquire reprinted editions of ancient books, and fans of everything modern can purchase fairy tales dressed in the most conceptual literary and design form.

Fairy tales for the little ones

When should you start learning about fairy tales? Yes, actually, when you don’t know how to read yet! Many fairy tales are intended to be told to children who have not yet fully mastered oral speech skills.

“Teremok”, “Kolobok”, “Turnip” have a simple plot and gradually introduce the child to the world around him. The main characters - animals and objects - acquire human thoughts and voices and act just like people: sometimes wisely and nobly, sometimes stupidly and cruelly. Usually such fairy tales are read not two or three, but many times, and the lessons that the heroes receive are remembered by the child for life.

Author's fairy tales that three-year-olds happily listen to include adapted fairy tales by Charles Perrault, the Brothers Grimm, and funny stories by Chukovsky, Marshak, Suteev, and Sladkov. There are also many children's books that have long been considered classics abroad, but have recently gained popularity in Russia: “The Very Hungry Caterpillar” and “The Dreamy Chameleon” by Eric Carle, “The Enormous Crocodile” and “The Amazing Mr. Fox” by Roald Dahl, “Crictor” and "Emil. The Good Octopus" by Tomi Ungerer, "Meowli" by Judith Kerr and "Charlotte the Sheep" by Anu Stoner... They are created just for the little ones, they contain talking animals, and unusual incidents, and, of course, educational - but unobtrusive - element.

The main thing in all fairy tales for little ones is that they teach them to separate black from white, tell them how important kindness and mutual assistance are, and also confirm that any evil always gets what it deserves. But design is no less important. It’s good if the first book that a child starts reading on his own has large print and bright, memorable illustrations. The artist’s work is no less significant: the more lively and emotional the drawing, the more the little reader will love the book.

Top 10 fairy tales for kids

• Two magpies were chatting. Russian folk tales, songs, nursery rhymes.
• Pan Kotofey. Ukrainian and Belarusian folk tales
• Chukovsky K.I. "Miracle Tree"
• Andersen H.-K. "Ugly duck"
• Perrault S. "Little Red Riding Hood"
• Marshak S.Ya. "Cat house"
• Carl E. "The Very Hungry Caterpillar"
• Rosen M. "Let's go catch a bear"
• Donaldson D. "The Gruffalo"
• Shtoner A. "Little Santa Claus"

Fairy tales for those who read independently

As a child gets older, he becomes more interested in listening and reading about heroes similar to himself: about children, their adventures, travels, transformations and magical encounters.

First of all, these are original fairy tales: “The Snow Queen” by Andersen, “Pinocchio”, “Baby and Carlson”, “Nils’ Journey with Wild Geese”. In these fairy tales, not only are the heroes children, in whom it is easy to recognize oneself, they also have a place for difficult choices, an independent attempt to figure out the correctness of actions. "The Wizard of the Emerald City" talks about the importance of friendship and mutual assistance, and "Alice in Wonderland" will help you plunge into the unusual world of fantasy.

At this age, children are captivated by the opportunity to immerse themselves in a full-fledged fairy-tale world, be it the world of Nosov, Raspe, Milne, Rodari, talking toys or E. Raud’s little naxitralls - characters that are extremely interesting to follow. The plot is based on dynamic adventures and a real “situation comedy”. Laughter at the characters' funny mistakes and empathy for them in difficult moments determine the emotional background of a child's growing up.

In addition, this is the best period to get acquainted with the classics. Tales of A.S. Pushkin, "The Scarlet Flower" by S. Aksakov, "The Nutcracker" by E. Hoffmann... Books to which, most likely, children will return. Fairy tales of the classics of the 19th century, such as V. Gauff and O. Wilde, are interesting to read not only for children. Often the drama and even mysticism of these works attract adult readers - not to mention "Alice" and "The Little Prince", in which people of all ages willingly look for the most unexpected and deep meanings.

Top 10 fairy tales for children 6-8 years old

• Gauf V. "Little Muk"
• Raskatov M. "The Missing Letter"
• Druzhkov Y. "The Adventures of Pencil and Samodelkin: A True Tale"
• Tolstoy A. "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio"
• Nosov N. "The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends"
• Carroll L. "Alice in Wonderland"
• Lindgren A. "Kid and Carlson"
• Nesbit E. "Five Children and It"
• Harris J.C. "The Tales of Uncle Remus"
• Bond M. "A Little Bear Called Paddington"

Fairy tales for "adult" children

The most difficult age for choosing a book is coming, since it is now that the child turns into a teenager. "Carlson" and "Pinocchio" are left behind, it's time to offer "Gulliver's Travels" or "The Jungle Book", where exciting adventures will coexist with the opportunity to absorb a huge amount of new information.

10-12 years old is the best time to read “The Moomins” and get inspired by Krapivin’s “Flying Tales”. "The Night Before Christmas" by Gogol, "Little Tsakhes" by Hoffmann - this is both interesting for a child and quite serious, adult reading. This does not mean at all that the young reader “grew up” from the folk tale. It’s just that now this is a completely different reading, which not only teaches you to distinguish between good and evil, but also introduces you to the culture and traditions of the peoples of the world.

Fairy tales that have developed in China, Japan, and India attract with their unusual flavor, but perhaps the child will also notice something in common between the plots he knows from Russian fairy tales and oriental “exoticism.” For example, the motif of magical power possessed by the simplest-looking objects. Running boots, an invisible hat - something similar exists in the Japanese fairy tale “What the Birds Told.” An old man finds a cap in the forest, and when he puts it on, he begins to understand the voices of birds. They tell him about a variety of human misfortunes, and, traveling from village to village, the old man saves peasants from troubles and misfortunes. Fate rewards the old man for his responsiveness and love for his neighbor. The villagers surround him with universal respect - and what could be more valuable than respect for old age and wisdom in Eastern culture?

Top 10 fairy tales for children 8-12 years old

• Magic tales of Japan. Strawberries under the snow
• Khodza, Zhukrovsky. "The Trusting Tiger. Burmese, Indonesian, Vietnamese fairy tales"
• Fairy tales of Sweden
• Jansson T. "All about the Moomins"
• Kipling R.D. "Mowgli"
• Schmidt A. "Murli"
• Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
• Jones D.W. "Walking castle"
• Maar P. "Seven Saturdays in a week"
• Jaster N. "Cute and the Magic Booth"
• Ende M. "The Neverending Story"

Modern fairy tale

A fairy tale is a time-tested way to instill in a child knowledge of how everything works. Fairy tales do not age; they are read and will continue to be read, no matter when they were created. However, this does not mean that fairy tales of the 21st century do not exist.

The fairytale tradition continues today. "The Gruffalo" by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler, "How the Elephant Fell from the Sky" by Kate DiCamillo, "A Little Bear Called Paddington" by Michael Bond, "Petson and Findus" by Sven Nordqvist - these are just a few of the wonderful modern foreign fairy tales. Russia also has its own storytellers: Elena Rakitina and Marina Aromshtam, Evgenia Pasternak and Andrei Zhvalevsky, Dina Sabitova and Sergei Sedov. And more and more new excellent original fairy tales are coming out!