Why do you need to dig in a grave? What should be the depth of the grave?

How to quickly and easily dig a grave by hand in winter?

In winter, you can only easily and quickly dig a grave with the help of an excavator; without it, you won’t be able to easily and quickly dig a grave in frozen ground.

We had to dig graves in the cold. A crowbar, a pickaxe, a shovel, that's all the available tools. It’s hard, but if you organize a replacement of people, it works out pretty quickly.

If it is possible to adjust the compressor, then you can use a jackhammer. Without own hands It’s impossible to get by anyway.

We went to the garages, found two not very presentable men, gave them three thousand rubles and two bottles of vodka. They dug the grave in the summer.

In winter, in the same way, they look for unpresentable men in garages, they look for a burner, take shovels and dig a grave in the same way.

It will be easy and quick, but more expensive than in summer.

1 You can warm the ground in the form of a quadrangle of the desired size. To do this, simply place several logs in a row. Douse them with something flammable, and you can also throw twigs on them. Then set it on fire. After burning out, the top layer of earth will warm up, which can then be pulled out with a shovel. If the lower layer again turns out to be stone, then repeat the action, that is, throw brushwood into this depression and then set it on fire.

2 The second way is to loosen the soil by some means. You can try a drill, a jackhammer, and if the soil is not covered with a layer of ice, then perhaps a chainsaw.

3 Or tear up the top layer of soil with a small explosion. To do this, invite services that understand this, then lay the device and cover it with something heavy so that the explosion goes deeper.

4 Anyone who understands Chemistry can probably also water the soil with some kind of reagents, the reaction of which releases heat, which can also warm the soil.

5 If there is a tap with hot water, then by taking a long hose and attaching it to a tap, you can warm the soil with hot water.

6 If there is a crust of ice, then salt can also help, since if you sprinkle salt on the ice, it begins to melt. Plus, stores also sell liquid for defrosting, which you can also pour on the ice and it will start to melt, but it will be expensive, since you will have to spend a lot of liquid.

I think that digging a grave will not be easy, but tools such as a crowbar and an ax will help dig a grave a little faster.

I know that if you need to dig a grave in severe frost, they use a fire (they light it at the site of the grave).

How can I please them to die in the summer... All of mine died in winters, but not very frosty ones, they dug by hand, no equipment would have gotten through there, these are old cemeteries. But there are also crematoria; you can bury the urn in the spring, and if the winter is not very cold, then you can dig it into the ground there. Or into the wall. We need to think about the living; this digging of frozen ground will cost more than the entire funeral and wake.

Almost all the tips are already listed in your comments. I also had to participate in this matter several times. We tried all the methods listed. But more or less easy way, is to take a chainsaw and cut the earth into pieces.

Since ancient times, people have buried their dead. Accompanied by the living mourners, the dead return to the land from which they came. Funeral rites were present in all cultures, although sometimes they had significant differences. One of the most common methods of burial was and remains burial in earthen graves.

In addition to ritual burial, burial also has important practical significance. Having said goodbye to the soul, the body loses its vitality and begins to rapidly decompose. This process poses a serious danger to living people; the corpse substances released during decay can be deadly.

It is even worse if the death was caused by an infectious disease. Horrible epidemics that claimed thousands of lives were often caused by the opening of old graves and the release of pathogens dormant there.

How deep do they dig the grave?

How to conduct a burial ritual correctly? What depth of the grave will allow one to comply with all the requirements of the ritual and prevent possible dangers to the health of living people? The depth of digging a grave is determined by several factors. The grave must reliably protect the body from erosion by groundwater, natural Disasters(for example, landslides), tearing by animals. Consequently, it cannot be located either too deep, where it would be threatened by ground water, or too shallow.

The first of the Russian rulers who realized the need to formulate and observe certain sanitary rules determining how deep the grave should be was Peter the Great. In 1723, by the highest decree, he ordered to dig graves to a depth of at least 3 arshins, which is just over 2 meters in modern system measures With such a command, the ruler hoped to prevent possible epidemics, and, as time showed, he was right. Failure to comply with the decree and the poor condition of cemeteries led to the plague in 1771. Alexander I introduced penalties for “funeral crimes” - failure to comply with the norm for the depth of the grave.

But the problem did not disappear; there was a catastrophic shortage of cemeteries and space for them. Cases of burying new dead people in old graves were the norm. Only at the very end of the nineteenth - beginning of the twentieth century the situation began to change, clear instructions were developed, it was determined to what depth the grave was dug and how cemeteries were arranged, and serious control was created over the implementation of these instructions.

Depth of the grave according to sanitary standards

The arrangement of cemeteries is stipulated in detail by federal legislation and regulations local leadership. All rules are based on clearly formulated and time-tested and experience-tested sanitation and environmental standards.

What determines the depth of a person’s grave?

Earth

The deceased returns to the earth, and the depth of the grave will largely depend on its properties. Two meters deep, the soil should be dry and light, allow air to pass through, otherwise It is impossible to establish a cemetery on such land.

Water

The body must be protected as reliably as possible from contact with groundwater. This is necessary in order to avoid contamination of water with putrefactive decomposition products. organic matter. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to locate cemeteries in areas where groundwater is more than two meters deep from the surface of the earth. It is the properties of the soil and the level of groundwater that must be guided when determining the depth of the grave in each specific area.

Natural disasters

It is logical to ban the construction of cemeteries in areas prone to frequent landslides and landslides, flooding, and in swampy areas.

Culture and religion

Some religions have clear instructions for each stage of the life of believers, including for the construction of a grave and burial. Of course, they must be observed in strict accordance with sanitation requirements, otherwise serious problems cannot be avoided.

Depth of the grave according to GOST

All circumstances affecting the grave itself and ensuring sanitary safety were carefully reworked and presented in the form federal law. It is called “On burial and funeral business”, and all actions in this area must be coordinated with it.

1. Maximum depth The burial pit should be no more than 2.2 meters. Further immersion risks close contact with ground waters. Depending on the local conditions, the depth may vary, but the distance to groundwater in any case should be at least half a meter.
2. The minimum depth according to the law is one and a half meters (measured to the coffin lid).
3. The minimum dimensions of the grave pit are 2 meters long, 1 meter wide, 1.5 meters deep. The size of children's graves may be reduced. The distance between grave pits should not be less than a meter on the long side and less than half a meter on the short side.
4. A slab or an embankment must be installed over the grave. There are also certain requirements for it, so it should be no more than half a meter in height. The embankment is an additional protection of the grave from the effects of surface water; it should protrude beyond the edges of the grave pit.
5. If the deceased is buried in a sitting position, it is necessary to ensure that the layer of earth above him is at least one meter thick, including the grave mound.
6. In exceptional cases of constructing mass graves, they are dug to a depth of at least two and a half meters (when burying coffins in two rows). The bottom of the grave pit, of course, should not reach the groundwater level by at least half a meter. Top row burials are separated from the lower one by at least half a meter.

Compliance with the rules for the construction of cemeteries and a certain depth of digging graves ensures the sanitary safety of the population and must be followed everywhere.

The article is devoted to the analysis of historical experience in organizing burials from the perspective of compliance with requirements for a certain depth of graves. Characteristics of the causes, content of the phenomenon and ways to solve the problem are given using the example of the Kursk province of the 18th-19th centuries..

IN scientific works concerning the history of funerary culture, the formation of necropolises Russian Empire important place When covering this topic, such an aspect as the organization of burials is occupied. At the same time, the peculiarities of the construction of graves remain an insufficiently studied aspect of this issue. In this publication, we will consider the requirements that existed in Russia regarding the depth of excavated graves and the extent to which they were actually observed in practice.

Attention was drawn to the problem of safe burial depths for human health even under Peter the Great. So, in 1723, on October 16, a personal decree was issued so that “for fear of harmful seizures,” graves were dug to a depth of 3 arshins, and the earth was poured “even with the location.”

However, as shown real life, the norms of this decree were not observed. The sad consequence of this practice was the plague epidemic in 1771, which spread in no small part due to the unsanitary condition of the parish cemeteries.

In order to avoid a repetition of the “pestilence” in the memorial sent from the Belgorod provincial chancellery to the local spiritual consistory, it was reported: “... and those places where people have already been buried are not to be torn up under any circumstances, but to be left as they are.” now there is, having poured, if possible, even more earth, so that in the spring and summer time less vapor came out of the ground" 1

At the same time, the norms of Peter’s decree also continued to apply to the depth of new graves.

After some time, the situation in funeral practice again went beyond the framework of state laws. In 1808, the attention of Emperor Alexander I was drawn to this problem in connection with reports from various places about the insignificant depth of dead bodies buried in winter time, which could cause “harmful consequences.” For this reason, a synodal decree was issued on July 20 of the same year. He demanded that the cemetery clergy carefully observe, “so that the graves designated at those churches and the servants sent from military commands and other places to bury the dead dig up graves of at least two arshins and a half” 3.

This new norm became the main one and was reflected in the Medical Charter, still in force at the beginning of the 20th century 4 .

In case of violation of this requirement, the clergy had to let the deans and local police know about it.

The perpetrators of the funeral crime were threatened with sanctions. According to the “Code of Punishments” of 1845, those guilty if “the dead body, during its burial, is not buried in the depth prescribed by law, or the grave is not up to certain height buried,” were subject to a monetary penalty of 1 to 5 rubles, or arrest from 3 to 7 days 5 . But, despite this, the fulfillment of known requirements did not take place everywhere. In 1867, the Kursk medical inspector Tikhomirov, at the request of the local military commander, was instructed to inspect the Kherson cemetery. According to the applicant, due to the shallow burial of the bodies of the dead there, a suffocating smell of decomposition was felt in the military barracks, which threatened the safety of the health of subordinates.

During the inspection, it was noticed that in one randomly dug grave over several years there were: “one coffin at a depth of 2 arshins, another IV2 arshins, a third baby at a depth of 1 arshins” 6. The inspection report also stated: “Graves are dug as needed by strangers at the request of city residents, and neither the digging procedure nor the legal depth of the graves is observed; the cemetery's spiritual authorities don't even know who is being buried in their cemetery; the priests of city parishes who come to the cemetery to bury the dead do not consider it necessary to report illegal digging of graves; the police authorities, apparently, never paid attention to this subject" 1 .

A belated reaction to the problems of the Kherson cemetery was its further expansion.

A somewhat greater depth of graves than those specified in the law was required when burying those who died from infectious diseases. This is clear from the decision of the Kursk provincial government. When cholera was raging in the Kursk region in 1830, it decreed that victims of the epidemic should dig holes with a depth of “at least three arshins” and cover, where there is, first a quarter of the way with lime, and then tightly with earth 8 .

The “Mandatory Resolutions” published on March 14, 1878 for residents of Kursk on measures to prevent the development of infectious diseases stipulated that graves for the dead should be dug at least 3 arshins deep. In addition, they had to be “filled with a solution of quicklime or covered with a layer of lime.”

The resolutions of the district zemstvo assemblies, issued at the same time, in connection with the spread of

diphtheria. One of them is noteworthy - the Dmitrievsky Zemstvo Assembly, in particular, decided that those who died from diseases of an “epidemic nature” should be allowed to be buried “in general cemeteries, and the graves for such deceased should be dug to a depth of at least 4 arshins, covered with lime and earth as densely as possible.”

The problem of control over Kursk cemeteries has again become very relevant in late XIX century. In 1890, the city doctor Popov reported to the city government that when he examined the Kherson cemetery on May 9, he found that “by left side his, in the area located between the fence and the path, a grave was dug to receive the deceased of an unauthorized depth -el arsh. and 2 ver., in which the coffin is visible, and from it (due to the lifting of the top board of the coffin lid) the deceased himself is shown.” In this regard, a police official was invited, who, together with witnesses, verified what had happened and drew up a report , who was then presented to the magistrate to bring the culprits to book. At the same time, the city doctor added that the cemetery “is positively overcrowded with the dead, since there is no supervision over them from the clergy of the cemetery church, and everyone, having a need for a grave, digs it out completely arbitrarily where he likes, or where he pleases - not guided by no sanitary rules: why in most cases, to make work easier, old graves are torn up and the newly dead are buried in them” 12.

The City Duma, in a meeting of July 25, 1890, in particular, decided that the council should take care of the expansion of the Kherson cemetery at the expense of the “Hoffmansky” place that had come under the jurisdiction of the city, using for this purpose only that part of the estate that was not occupied by the orchard. In addition, the council should have entered into an agreement with other persons who used the places adjacent to the cemetery to accept them under the jurisdiction of the city, in exchange for which they were asked to take part of the Hoffmann garden 13...

Summarizing the periodically occurring situations of violation of burial depth standards, we note that in the 19th century one of the main reasons for this was the lack of free places for burials due to untimely attention to this subject by organs local authorities, who belatedly resorted to expanding cemeteries.

The created crowding objectively pushes those burying people to arrange burials at already occupied places, which inevitably led to violations of the norms for the depth of graves.

In addition, burial places initially did not have a specially developed system of supervision over their contents. For a long time there was an ambiguous understanding of the issue of their management. Only in 1896 was it recognized that cemeteries should be under the jurisdiction of spiritual authorities.

Notes

1.See: Complete collection laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649: 1808-1809. St. Petersburg, 1830. T. XXX. P. 450.

2. Anatoly, archimandrite. Materials for the history of the Kursk diocese: Belgorod and its shrine // Kursk Diocesan Gazette. 1884. No. 14.15-31 July. Ch. neof. P. 699.

3.See: Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649: 1808-1809. St. Petersburg, 1830. T. XXX. P. 451.

4.See: Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, compiled by order of Emperor Nicholas I: Medical Law. St. Petersburg, 1905. T. XIII. P. 133.

5.See: Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire: 1845. - St. Petersburg, 1846. - Collection. II. -Department 1.-S. 794.

6. State Archive of the Kursk Region (hereinafter referred to as GAKO). F. 33. Op. 2. D. 4634. L. 9.

7.GAKO. F. 33. Op. 2. D. 4634. L. 9-9 vol.

8.See: GAKO. F. 1. On. 1. D. 9319. L. 899 vol.

9.See: Mandatory resolutions of the Kursk City Duma. Kursk, 1913. P. 15.

10. See: GAKO. F. 1. On. 1. D. 2975. L. 21 vol.

11. Tankov A. Question about improving Kursk cemeteries // Kursk Provincial Gazette. 1890. No. 61. 14 Aug. Ch. neof. S. 1.

12. Tankov A. Question about improving Kursk cemeteries // Kursk Provincial Gazette. 1890. No. 61. 14 Aug. Ch. neof. S. 1.

13.See: Tankov A. The question of improving Kursk cemeteries // Kursk Provincial Gazette. 1890. No. 61. 14 Aug. Ch. neof. S. 2.

IN English language there is one phrase that translates to “6 feet down.” When people say it, they mean death or funeral. But hardly anyone has ever wondered why dead people are buried at a depth of 6 feet (2 meters).

This tradition dates back to 1655, when all of England was devastated by the bubonic plague. During these terrible years, people were afraid of the spread of infection, and the mayor of London issued a special decree that regulated how to deal with the bodies of dead people in order to avoid the spread of contamination and infections.

It was then that it was decided to bury the graves to a depth of 6 feet (2 meters). Many people doubted that this was the right decision because the infection was primarily carried by insects rather than dead bodies.

Be that as it may, this standard remains to this day.

In the US, for example, the depth standard varies from state to state. In many cases this is 18 inches. It turns out that the authorities of some states believe that one and a half meters is quite enough. But there are also cases when dead people are placed at a depth of 4 meters: this is done so that there is room on the surface for other dead people. Typically, this procedure is used in the case of relatives and close people.

2 meters depth is considered the most common standard today. Depths greater than this can cause problems, for example in New Orleans, where there are many underwater flows. Moreover, there have been cases where coffins, buried too deeply, were pushed out of the bottom of the soil.

In Great Britain, for example, people adhere to the same standard adopted several centuries ago. It is clear that the reason is completely different. Special services urge people to take precautions: coffins must be buried at such depths that animals cannot dig up the grave and expose the body or coffin.

First, it's a compromise. You should not bury it too close to the surface, so that the corpse, for example, is not dug up by animals, so that it is not exposed when heavy rain and so on.; but digging too deep is lazy and difficult.
However, in the modern English-speaking world, “six feet” is more of an idiom than real rule. The dead are buried at different depths, depending on local conditions and customs.

Some associate this directly with church customs. In Christianity, the ground for burials is sanctified, and only its upper three meters are “sanctified.” Therefore, the desire to bury the deceased precisely at such a depth is associated either with historical habit or with religious views.

We find examples in the literature of how suicides, actors (at that time considered sinful) and other unworthy people sought to be buried either behind the cemetery fence or below the level of three meters.

Among other things, you can start from purely pragmatic approaches. In our latitudes, the depth of freezing of the ground is up to 180 cm (just 6 feet). Above this level, water in the soil freezes in winter and melts in summer - expanding and contracting. Accordingly, everything that is not at an insufficient depth moves and shakes. Below the freezing level, the dead are somehow calmer. Coffins will last longer.

Since ancient times, people have buried their dead. Accompanied by the mourning living, the dead go back to the land from which they came. Funeral rites were present in all cultures, although sometimes they had significant differences. One of the most common methods of burial was and remains burial in earthen graves.

How to conduct a burial ritual correctly? What depth of the grave will allow one to comply with all the requirements of the ritual and prevent possible dangers to the health of living people?

The depth of digging a grave is determined by several factors. The grave must reliably protect the body from erosion by groundwater, natural disasters (for example, landslides), and tearing by animals. Consequently, it cannot be located either too deep, where it would be threatened by ground water, or too shallow.

The first of the Russian rulers who realized the need to formulate and observe certain sanitary rules determining how deep the grave should be was Peter the Great. In 1723, by his highest decree, he ordered graves to be dug to a depth of at least 3 arshins, which is just over 2 meters in the modern system of measures.

With such a command, the ruler hoped to prevent possible epidemics, and, as time showed, he was right. Failure to comply with the decree and the poor condition of cemeteries led to the plague in 1771. Alexander I introduced penalties for “funeral crimes” - failure to comply with the norm for the depth of the grave.
But the problem did not disappear; there was a catastrophic shortage of cemeteries and space for them. Cases of burying new dead people in old graves were the norm. Only at the very end of the nineteenth - beginning of the twentieth century the situation began to change, clear instructions were developed, it was determined to what depth the grave was dug and how cemeteries were arranged, and serious control was created over the implementation of these instructions.

Depth of the grave sanitary standards
The construction of cemeteries is stipulated in detail by federal legislation and regulations of local authorities. All rules are based on clearly formulated and time-tested and experience-tested sanitation and environmental standards.

What determines the depth of a person’s grave?
- Earth.
The deceased returns to the earth, and the depth of the grave will largely depend on its properties. Two meters deep, the soil must be dry and light, allow air to pass through, otherwise a cemetery cannot be built on such land.
- Water.
The body must be protected as reliably as possible from contact with groundwater. This is necessary in order to avoid contamination of water with products of putrefactive decomposition of organic substances. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to locate cemeteries in areas where groundwater is more than two meters deep from the surface of the earth. It is the properties of the soil and the level of groundwater that must be guided when determining the depth of the grave in each specific area.
- Natural disasters.
It is logical to ban the construction of cemeteries in areas prone to frequent landslides and landslides, flooding, and in swampy areas.
- Culture and religion.
Some religions have clear instructions for each stage of the life of believers, including for the construction of a grave and burial. Of course, they must be observed in strict accordance with sanitation requirements, otherwise serious problems cannot be avoided.

Depth of the grave according to GOST.
There is GOST R 54611-2011 - these are household services. Services for organizing and conducting funerals. General requirements
All circumstances affecting the grave itself and ensuring sanitary safety were carefully reworked and formalized in the form of federal law. It is called “On burial and funeral business”, and all actions in this area must be coordinated with it.

The maximum depth of the grave pit should be no more than 2.2 meters. Further immersion risks close contact with ground waters. Depending on local conditions, the depth may vary, but the distance to groundwater in any case should be at least half a meter.
The minimum depth according to the law is one and a half meters (measured to the coffin lid).
The minimum dimensions of a grave pit are 2 meters long, 1 meter wide, 1.5 meters deep. The size of children's graves may be reduced. The distance between grave pits should not be less than a meter on the long side and less than half a meter on the short side.
A slab or an embankment must be installed over the grave. There are also certain requirements for it, so it should be no more than half a meter in height. The embankment is an additional protection of the grave from the effects of surface water; it should protrude beyond the edges of the grave pit.
If the deceased is buried in a sitting position, it is necessary to ensure that the layer of earth above him is at least one meter thick, including the grave mound.
In exceptional cases of establishing mass graves, they are dug to a depth of at least two and a half meters (when burying coffins in two rows). The bottom of the grave pit, of course, should not reach the groundwater level by at least half a meter. The top row of the burial is separated from the bottom by at least half a meter.

Compliance with the rules for the construction of cemeteries and a certain depth of digging graves ensures the sanitary safety of the population and must be followed everywhere.

In paragraph 10.15 of the Recommendations “On the procedure for funerals and maintenance of cemeteries in Russian Federation» MDK 11-01.2002 shows the table:
when burying a coffin with a body, the depth of the grave should be set depending on local conditions (the nature of the soil and the level of groundwater); in this case, the depth must be at least 1.5 m (from the surface of the earth to the lid of the coffin). In all cases, the mark of the bottom of the grave should be 0.5 m above the groundwater level. The depth of the graves should be no more than 2-2.2 m. The grave mound should be built 0.3-0.5 m high from the surface of the earth .

In the sanitary rules SanPin 21.1279-03, which have become invalid since the introduction of SanPiN 2.1.2882-11, in section 4 “hygienic requirements for the organization of burials and rules for the operation of cemeteries”, clause 4.4 established that when burying a coffin with a body, the depth of the grave should be set depending on local conditions (the nature of the soil and the level of groundwater), at least 1.5 m.

This standard is not specified in the new SanPin 2.1.2882-11. So all graves are dug according to the recommendations from paragraph 10.15 “On the procedure for funerals and maintenance of cemeteries in the Russian Federation” MDK 01/11/2002.

Traditional burial in the ground has been practiced on all continents since time immemorial. Obviously, the rules for conducting burials and digging graves are just as ancient. Now, however, it is difficult to say what the ancient people were guided by when carrying out the first burials in the ground - common sense or pagan beliefs, but humanity survived, partly due to the fact that they buried the dead correctly.

The fact is that since man began to be called Homo Sapiens and the use of the first tools, the birth rate began to rise steadily. And, although the average life expectancy was also steadily increasing, our ancestors were faced with the question of how to take care of the bodies of the dead. The most obvious thing was to bury them.

However, in some civilizations they decided differently. Yes, y North American Indians it was customary to wrap bodies in a shroud and secure them on the trunks and crowns of trees, and in India South-East Asia They realized that bodies can be cremated after death. And yet most of humanity dug graves.

During the Middle Ages, notorious epidemics of deadly diseases in Europe reduced its population by more than half. The reason for this was unsanitary conditions in general and in cemeteries in particular. Thus, the Parisian cemetery of Champeau did not even have a primitive fence, and in the fall fairs and bazaars were even held there, after which the area for hundreds of meters around turned into a fetid swamp.

The most progressive European leaders quickly realized the need for proper organization of funerals and regulation of their most important stage - digging graves. Already in 1723, Peter the Great, by personal decree, established the standard minimum depth of the grave at 1 fathom, which equals 2 meters 13 centimeters - surprisingly close to the modern 2 meters. However, in Russia these rules did not begin to be observed even 50 years later, when Alexander I, by another decree, introduced the strictest punishment for so-called funeral crimes, expressed in non-compliance with the minimum depth of digging graves, burying the dead in fresh graves, etc.

Only in the 20th century did humanity understand the need to develop rules for the safe organization of cemeteries and the placement of burials in them. In addition to laws, tools were created to monitor their implementation. The dilemma was that the body must be buried deep enough to be preserved, but not deep enough to avoid contaminating the groundwater. The decomposition process must take place at a safe depth. So, modern standards adopted in Belarus, Russia and Europe are as follows:

the standard size of a grave pit is 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 1.5 meters deep;
the depth of the grave for a person should be in the range of 1.5 m - 2.2 m, while the minimum distance to groundwater should be at least 0.5 m;
the size of children's graves can be reduced;
the distance between graves must be at least 1 meter in length and at least half a meter in width;
the height of the grave mound must be at least half a meter, the mound itself must protrude beyond the edges of the grave.

Modern legislation also regulates the requirements for the area where a cemetery can be organized. The soil should be dry and light enough to allow air to pass through. At the same time, the depth of groundwater must be at least two meters. Only this can guarantee the absence of contamination of drinking water with products of rotting and decay of organic tissues.

Cemeteries are prohibited from being created in areas prone to natural disasters and earthquakes; repeated burials can be made no less than 10 years after the previous one.

Thanks to these laws, the depth of the grave was determined and recorded according to sanitary standards, which ensured the safety of living in places near cemeteries and a stable environmental situation in them.