How to carry out and take into account the revaluation of currency balances. Revaluation of foreign currency balances in accounting: details Daily revaluation of foreign currency in 1s 8.3

Dt 52.2 Current foreign exchange account 3000 US dollars x 23 rubles.

Kt 52.1 Transit currency account 75 kopecks. == 71250 rub.

On account 52.1 there was an exchange rate difference in the amount (23 rubles 75 kopecks - 23 rubles) x 9000 US dollars = 6750 rubles.

Dt 52-1

Kt 80, subaccount “Exchange differences” 6750 rub.

3. Ruble proceeds from the mandatory sale of currency are credited to the organization’s current account (USD 6,000 x 23 rubles 50 kopecks = 141,000 rubles)

Dt 51 Current account

Kt 48 Sale of other assets 141,000 rub.

The amount of foreign currency sold is written off to the cost of sales at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the day of sale

Dt 48 Sale of other assets 6,000 US dollars x 24 rubles. = 144,000 rub.

Kt 57 Transfers on the way

The financial result from the mandatory sale of part of the foreign currency earnings is determined

Dt 3000 rub. (144000 - 141000)

The financial result is the difference between the exchange rate (sale rate) and the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of sale.

On account 57 “Transfers in transit” there was an exchange rate difference in the amount of (24 rubles - 23 rubles 75 kopecks) x 6000 US dollars = 1500 rubles.

It arose due to the difference between the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of sale and on the date of deposit of the currency subject to mandatory sale.

The following entry is made in accounting for the amount of the exchange rate difference:

Kt 80, subaccount “Exchange differences”. 1500 rub

According to the above-mentioned Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 29, 1992 No. 7 (taking into account subsequent amendments and additions), organizations can carry out voluntary sales from a transit currency account in excess of the amounts subject to mandatory sale.

Thus, a mandatory sale is made only from the organization’s transit currency account, and a voluntary sale from both the current and transit currency accounts.

SALES OF EXPORT PRODUCTS UNDER A COMMISSION AGREEMENT WITH A RUSSIAN INTERMEDIARY

In my course work I will only consider the principal's accounting.

1.Under the commission agreement, an export batch of goods was shipped for delivery to a foreign buyer:

Dt 45.1 subaccount “Goods shipped for export”

Kt 40.1 Finished products for export 100,000 rub.

2.Paid overhead costs in rubles:

Dt 43.1

Kt 5140,000 rub.

3. After shipping the goods to the foreign buyer from the port or from the border railway point, the intermediary must notify the supplier about this.

According to the Instruction of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for filling out annual financial reporting forms”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 12, 1996 No. 97 (durable document), as of the date of receipt of the notice the sale is reflected:

Dt 62.2 Settlements with commission agents $9,000 x 22

for supplied export goods RUB. 50 kopecks (Central Bank of the Russian Federation exchange rate on the date of receipt

Kt 46.1 Sales of export goods, notices) = 202,500 rubles. works, services

At the same time, the amount of expenses paid by the commission agent in foreign currency and the commission are included in the expenses of the principal; the commission agent's debt to the principal is reduced by this amount ($1,000 - overhead costs and $800 - commission to the intermediary):

Dt 43.2 1800 US dollars x 22 rubles. 50 kopecks = 40500 rub.

The cost of the shipped goods and the expenses for its sale are written off to sales:

Dt 46.1

Kt 45.1 100,000 rub.

Dt 46.1

Kt 43.1 40,000 rub.

Dt 46.1

Kt 43.2 40,500 rub.

The financial result from the sale is determined:

Dt 46.1

Kt 80 22,000 rub.

4.a) The remaining part of the foreign currency earnings is transferred by the commission agent to the transit foreign currency account of the principal:

Dt 52.1 7200 US dollars at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Kt62.2 on the date of enrollment

A compulsory sale is issued. Subject to compulsory sale 7200 x 0.75 = $5400. $1,800 is credited to the current foreign exchange account.

Dt 57 5400 US dollars at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Kt 52.1 on the date of removal

Kt 52.1 as of the date of transfer

Dt 51 Ruble revenue from

Kt 48 mandatory sale

Kt 57 at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of sale

or Financial result from

Dt 48 mandatory sale

Dt57

CT80

or Exchange difference

Dt80

b) The compulsory sale was formalized by the commission agent:

Dt 52.2 1800 US dollars at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Kt 62.2 on the date of enrollment

Dt 51 Ruble revenue

Kt 48 for sold currency

Dt 48 Ruble equivalent of sold currency

Kt 62.2 at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of sale

or Financial result from a mandatory sale

Exchange rate difference on account 62.2 “Settlements with commission agents for supplied export goods”:

Dt 62.2

CT80 or

Kt 62.2

The bank commission for mandatory sales is written off as a debit to account 48, but does not reduce taxable profit.

It should be noted that, in accordance with the VAT Law, exporters have a tax benefit in the amount of 100% of the cost of exported goods (work, services).

4. ACCOUNTING FOR IMPORT OPERATIONS

ACCOUNTING FOR IMPORT OPERATIONS UNDER A DIRECT CONTRACT BETWEEN A RUSSIAN BUYER AND A FOREIGN SUPPLIER OF IMPORTED GOODS

In this section, the term “imported goods” means any material assets that, when imported into the territory of the Russian Federation, cross its border without the obligation of re-export.

When recording transactions for the import of goods, it is necessary, firstly, to put the imported goods on balance sheet in a timely manner, and secondly, to correctly formulate in the accounting accounts the actual cost of the imported goods, which will be its cost upon further use - write-off for production or implementation.

The goods must be put on balance sheet from the moment the ownership of it passes to the importer. In accordance with PBU, it is the date of transfer of ownership to the importer that is the date of the transaction to import goods. On this date, you need to take the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia to convert the amount of foreign currency in which the cost of the goods is expressed into rubles.

The date of transfer of ownership from the seller to the buyer should be indicated in the contract, since there is no rule of international law on this issue, and the existing international practice, according to which the moment of transfer of ownership of the product is considered the fulfillment by the seller of its delivery obligations, is not a convincing argument in disagreements with inspectors.

Economic Sciences/7.Accounting and Auditing

Ph.D. Demyanenko E.Yu.

Rostov State Economic University (RINH), Russia

Differences in the revaluation of foreign currency items of the balance sheet under RAP and IFRS

In accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 402-FZ “On Accounting,” organizations maintain accounting records in the currency of the Russian Federation – rubles. But in cases where the counterparties are foreign partners, companies cannot do without foreign exchange transactions. Currency transactions between residents and non-residents are carried out without restrictions, and their conduct is regulated by Federal Law No. 173-FZ “On Currency Regulation and Currency Control”.

The main document defining the principles for reflecting transactions in foreign currency in accounting is PBU 3/2006 “Accounting for assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency.”

The procedure for determining and reporting exchange rate differences is established in IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates”. This standard applies:

— when accounting for transactions and balance sheets in foreign currency, with the exception of transactions and balances of derivative financial instruments (regulated by IFRS 39 “Financial instruments: reflection and measurement”);

- when recalculating the results of economic activities and the financial condition of foreign organizations that are included in the financial statements of the company preparing these statements using the method of consolidation, proportional consolidation or equity participation;

— when recalculating the company’s operating results and financial condition into the reporting currency.

Note that the scope of application of PBU 3/2006 is much narrower than the scope of IFRS (IAS) 21, since it applies only to the individual reporting of an organization and only when translating transactions into Russian rubles.

Recalculation of the value of an asset or liability for accounting purposes is carried out at the official exchange rate of foreign currency to the ruble established by the Bank of Russia, or at another rate established by law or agreement of the parties (terms of the contract).

The first ruble valuation of an asset or liability arises when recalculating its value on the date of receipt.

Subsequent ruble estimates are formed when recalculating its value as the exchange rate changes on the reporting date or on the date of fulfillment of the obligation.

The need to recalculate assets and liabilities into rubles from the point of view of PBU 3/2006 is in no way linked to the specifics of the organization’s economic activities. In essence, PBU 3/2006 says that for all Russian organizations the functional currency is the Russian ruble.

IAS 21 does not specify which rate should be used when translating the amounts of assets and liabilities. While PBU 3/2006 establishes that in the general case (if the parties have not agreed on a special settlement rate), recalculation is carried out using the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Also, IAS 21 allows the use of the average rate for a certain period if it has not been subject to significant fluctuations. The average weekly or monthly rate may be used for all foreign currency transactions carried out during that period. However, in case of significant fluctuations in exchange rates, using the average rate for the period is not appropriate. When revaluing at the reporting date, if there are several exchange rates, the one at which settlements for this transaction could be made on the date of revaluation is used. If it is temporarily impossible to exchange between two currencies, the first subsequent rate at which the exchange can be made is used as the exchange rate.

When forming a new ruble valuation of an asset or liability denominated in a foreign currency, exchange differences arise.

Exchange rate difference means the difference between the ruble valuation of an asset or liability, the value of which is expressed in a foreign currency, on the date of fulfillment of payment obligations or on the reporting date of a given reporting period and the ruble valuation of the same asset or liability on the date of its acceptance for accounting in the reporting period. or as of the reporting date of the previous reporting period (clause 3 of PBU 3/2006).

The concept of exchange rate differences contained in IAS 21 is broader. So, in accordance with it, exchange rate differences are the differences that arise as a result of converting the same number of units of one currency into another currency at different exchange rates.

Also, IAS 21 contains definitions of concepts that are not included in PBU 3/2006 due to a narrower scope of application, as well as different accounting rules.

For example, the concept of functional currency is used (from the point of view of PBU 3/2006, all transactions, assets and liabilities are subject to conversion into rubles). Functional currency is the currency used in the primary economic environment in which an entity operates. The main feature of a functional currency is its use by an organization in the main economic environment of its activities. The primary economic environment is the environment in which an organization generates and spends the bulk of its cash. When determining the functional currency, the following factors are taken into account: the currency that has the main influence on the selling prices of goods and services; the currency of the country, the market and legislation of which mainly determine the formation of prices for the organization’s goods and services; a currency that mainly affects labor, material and other costs.

Additionally, the following factors may be taken into account: the currency in which funds are received from the issue of debt and equity instruments; The currency in which operating revenues are typically accumulated. If a functional currency is not readily apparent based on the above factors, management will use its experience to determine a functional currency that most accurately represents the economic effects of major transactions, events and operating conditions.

For example, if a Russian parent company has a subsidiary that is located in the United States and produces and sells its products there, and transactions with the parent company constitute an insignificant share in the activities of the subsidiary. In this case, since it is the US dollar that will have a significant impact on the selling price of products, labor, material and other costs associated with the provision of goods, it will be the functional currency of the subsidiary.

Exchange rate differences, in turn, can be positive or negative.

According to clause 7 of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization”, the exchange rate difference is recognized as positive and is attributed to other income:

— when the currency exchange rate increases in relation to assets (claims);

— when the currency exchange rate in relation to obligations depreciates.

In accordance with clause 11 of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”, the exchange rate difference is recognized as negative and is charged to other expenses:

— when the currency exchange rate in relation to assets (claims) depreciates;

- when the currency exchange rate increases in relation to obligations.

To reflect the results of foreign exchange transactions in accounting, organizations initially calculate their valuation in ruble terms, for this purpose: the exchange rate of foreign currency against the ruble is determined on the date of recalculation upon completion of the transaction in foreign currency, namely at the time of recognition of its results in accounting; the value of a foreign exchange transaction in ruble equivalent is formed as the product of the value of an asset or liability expressed in foreign currency and its exchange rate; entries in the amount of the generated ruble value of the currency transaction are posted to the accounting accounts.

The specified conversion into rubles must be made on the date of the transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the reporting date. For the purposes of revaluation, financial statements denominated in foreign currency are divided into two groups:

1) monetary items of the balance sheet, combining cash on hand, in bank accounts, in settlements, as well as liabilities and securities, the circulation period of which is determined by the reporting year;

2) non-monetary balance sheet items, which are considered to be accounting reporting items other than monetary items.

As a result of a change in the official exchange rate of foreign currency to the ruble used in calculations, the exchange rate difference is recognized:

- as of the reporting date of the current period in relation to the date of the transaction for monetary items;

- on the date of fulfillment of payment obligations in the reporting period and on the previous reporting date for monetary items;

- on the previous reporting date and on the reporting date of the current period, when transactions in foreign currency were not carried out in this period;

- on the date of occurrence of obligations in accounting and on the date of fulfillment of obligations to pay them or on the reporting date on which these obligations were recalculated for the last time, as well as if their recognition and settlements for them are made in one reporting period.

The exchange rate difference is credited depending on the nature of the currency transaction:

1. on financial results for all current operations (clause 13 of PBU 3/2006):

– Debit 50 “Cash”, etc. (52, 57, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 71, 86) Credit 91 subaccount 1 “Other income” - a positive exchange rate difference is reflected;

– Debit 91 subaccount 2 “Other expenses” Credit 50 “Cash”, etc. (52, 57, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 71, 86) - negative exchange rate difference is reflected;

2. for additional capital for operations related to the formation of authorized (share) capital (clause 14 of PBU 3/2006):

– Debit 75 “Settlements with founders” Credit 83 “Additional capital” - reflects the positive exchange rate difference.

– Debit 83 “Additional capital” Credit 75 “Settlements with founders” - reflects the negative exchange rate difference.

IAS 21 does not provide for the reflection of exchange rate differences associated with settlements with founders on contributions to the authorized capital as part of additional capital. These exchange differences are recognized in profit (loss) for the period in the generally established manner.

PBU 3/2006 does not regulate the procedure for accounting for the currency component in relation to profit (loss) arising from non-monetary items. At the same time, due to the peculiarities of accounting in RAS, a foreign currency component does not arise in relation to such transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognized in the entity's profit or loss. When a gain or loss on a non-cash item is recognized directly in equity (for example, a gain or loss on a revaluation of property, plant and equipment), any foreign currency component of that gain or loss is recognized directly in equity. When a gain or loss on a non-cash item is recognized in profit or loss, any currency component of that gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss.

We also note that, unlike IAS 21, PBU 3/2006 requires separate disclosures in relation to exchange differences arising on transactions denominated in foreign currency, but payable in rubles and exchange differences arising on transactions actually carried out in foreign currency. currency. PBU 3/2006 also requires disclosure of information about the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of the reporting date. IAS 21 requires additional disclosures when the presentation currency is different from the functional currency and when an entity uses another currency to present financial information.

Literature:

1. Accounting Regulations “Accounting for assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency” (PBU 3/2006) (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 27, 2006 No. 154n, as amended on December 24, 2010 No. 186n).

2. Accounting Regulations “Income of the Organization” (PBU 9/99) (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 1999 No. 32n, as amended on April 6, 2015 No. 57n).

3. Accounting Regulations “Expenses of the Organization” (PBU 10/99) (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 1999 No. 33n, as amended on April 6, 2015 No. 57n).

4. International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 21 “The Impact of Changes in Exchange Rates” (Appendix No. 13 to Order No. 160n of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 25, 2011, as amended on August 26, 2015 No. 133n).

In principle, the actual goods purchased for foreign currency are accepted for accounting in the same way as goods purchased for rubles. But settlements in foreign currency, which take place in this case, certainly have their own characteristics. Accounting for currency transactions in accounting is regulated by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Assets and Liabilities, the Value of which is Expressed in Foreign Currency” (PBU 3/2006), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 27, 2006 No. 154n. Changes relating to foreign exchange transactions, which came into force in 2007, introduced some inconsistencies between accounting and tax accounting, since since 2007 the concept of “amount differences” has been excluded from accounting, while in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation such a concept is introduced. still remains.

So, according to the requirements of the law, the value of all assets expressed in foreign currency, including the value of inventories, “... for reflection in accounting and financial statements must be recalculated into rubles” (clause 4 of PBU 3/2006). Consequently, the law does not allow accounting in any currency other than Russian rubles. Obligations expressed in foreign currency that arise from the purchasing organization to the supplier should be reflected in the accounting records in ruble equivalent. Recalculation of obligations arising from the purchasing organization to the supplier when purchasing goods for foreign currency (i.e. conversion) is carried out at the rate determined by the supply agreement (agreement of the parties). If the exchange rate is not fixed in the terms of the agreement, conversion is made at the rate established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation at the time the obligations arise. According to clauses 9 and 10 of PBU 3/2006, inventories (in our case, goods) are accepted for accounting purposes in rubles at the exchange rate in effect at the time of the transaction in foreign currency, and are not subject to further revaluation due to changes in the exchange rate. The situation is different with obligations to pay for this product. The purchasing organization must recalculate its obligations (accounts payable to the supplier) on the date of fulfillment of obligations or on the reporting date (whichever comes first). This is relevant in the case when settlements are carried out at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation or when the supply agreement for some reason establishes a “floating” exchange rate for the settlement currency. If the exchange rate is determined by agreement of the parties and is unchanged, the difference when recalculating obligations will naturally be equal to zero. The difference between the ruble valuation of an obligation, the value of which is expressed in a foreign currency, on the date of fulfillment of payment obligations or the reporting date of the reporting period and the ruble valuation of the same liability on the date of its acceptance for accounting in the reporting period or the reporting date of the previous reporting period (last revaluation) called exchange rate difference. This difference is taken into account by the buyer on account 91 “Other income and expenses”. If it is negative, i.e., taken into account in the debit of account 91.2 “Other expenses”, its amount is accepted as expenses that reduce the taxable base for income tax (this applies to both accounting and tax accounting). The positive exchange rate difference is taken into account as a credit to account 91. 1 “Other income”, as other income of the enterprise.

Let's assume that an organization purchased goods worth $1,000 from a supplier. The Central Bank rate is used for conversion. The goods were accepted for accounting on the twentieth, when the dollar exchange rate was 26.78 rubles. Thus, the buyer has an accounts payable to the supplier (in terms of) 26,780 rubles.

Payment for the goods was not made until the end of the month (i.e. until the end of the reporting period). On the thirtieth day, the last day of the month, the US dollar exchange rate was set by the Central Bank at 26.52 rubles. The buyer's accountant revaluated the liabilities, and at the end of the reporting period it amounted to RUB 26,520. As a result, there was an exchange rate difference in the amount of 260 rubles. In accounting it is reflected by the following entry:

Debit of account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”,

Credit to subaccount 91.1 “Other income” – 260 rubles. – reflects the exchange rate difference at the end of the reporting period.

Payment for the goods was made on the seventh day of the next month, when the US dollar exchange rate was set by the Central Bank at 26.60 rubles. Consequently, at the time of fulfillment of obligations, the buyer’s debt to the supplier amounted to 26,600 rubles. As a result of the revaluation, a negative exchange rate difference in the amount of 80 rubles arose. This is reflected in accounting as follows:

Debit subaccount 91.2 “Other expenses”,

Credit to account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” – 80 rubles. – the exchange rate difference at the time of fulfillment of obligations is reflected.

Thus, the buyer capitalized the purchased goods in the amount of 26,780 rubles, and paid the supplier in the amount of 26,600 rubles.

In addition, in order to pay for goods in foreign currency, the purchasing organization, in cases where it does not have its own currency or is not enough, must buy the required amount. Currency is purchased at the exchange rate set by the bank. As a rule, this rate is higher than that set by the Central Bank. Thus, the currency is purchased at a rate higher than the rate at which payment will be made, and again there is a difference in accounting. Until 2007, this difference was called the total difference. As we said above, this concept is currently excluded from accounting, but remains in tax accounting. In accounting, we can accept this difference as an exchange rate difference, since PBU 3/2006 does not provide for a strict linkage of the concept of exchange rate difference to the Central Bank rate. The exchange rate set by the bank selling the currency can be recognized as the rate established by agreement of the parties, that is, the agreement between the bank and the organization purchasing the currency. Thus, the buyer can also attribute the financial result from the purchase of currency (i.e., the difference between the amount for which the currency was purchased and the amount transferred to the supplier) to account 91. Let us assume that on the seventh of the month the purchasing organization for settlement with the supplier required to purchase 1000 US dollars. The exchange rate of the bank from which the currency was purchased was 26.70 rubles on that day. Thus, 1000 US dollars was purchased by the buyer from the bank for 26,700 rubles, and settlements with the supplier in ruble equivalent amounted to 26,600 rubles. The negative financial result from purchasing foreign currency amounted to 100 rubles. This will be reflected in accounting as follows:

Debit account 57 “Transfers in transit”,

Credit to account 51 “Current accounts” – 26,700 rubles. – money was transferred for the purchase of currency;

Debit account 52 “Currency accounts”,

Credit to account 57 “Transfers in transit” – 26,600 rubles. – currency was purchased for settlements with the supplier;

Debit of account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”,

Credit to account 52 “Currency accounts” – 26,600 rubles. – payment is transferred to the supplier;

Debit account 91.2 “Other expenses”,

Credit to account 57 “Transfers in transit” – 100 rubles. – reflects the financial result from the purchase of currency.

⇒Stimul courses › Reference book › Useful materials › 1C:Enterprise 8.2 › Accounting for Ukraine › Closing the period and preparing…

1C:Enterprise 8.2 /
Accounting for Ukraine /
Closing the period and preparing reports

Currency revaluation

The operation “Revaluation of currency funds” in accounting is intended to recalculate the value of all accounts for which currency accounting is carried out; these accounts do not include non-monetary accounts listed in the information register “Non-monetary accounts”. To calculate and reflect exchange rate differences in accounting, the following must be carried out:

· establishment of exchange rates on the last date of the period, which is completed in the “Exchange Rates” register

· determination of the account for accounting for income and expenses from exchange rate differences and the value of their analytical accounting in the information register “Parameters for accounting for exchange rate differences.”

Let's consider this operation “Revaluation of currency funds” in the generated document “Month Closing” for

Printed form for this operation “Calculation reference”:

In tax accounting, you can revaluate the book value of cash and non-cash foreign currency debt under contracts with the “Other” type and the “Subject to revaluation” attribute. As a result, the exchange rate difference will be obtained, which is included in income (expenses).

Other materials

In today’s material we will continue to talk about the features of regulated month-end closing operations in the accounting program “1C Accounting 8” version “3.0”. And next in line is “Revaluation of Currency Funds”.

The latest version of the accounting program makes it possible to record transactions in foreign currency. To accomplish this task, the configuration contains so-called currency accounts. The exchange rates of the euro and dollar are constantly changing, therefore, in accounting, at the end of the month, an operation called “Revaluation of currency funds” is implemented, which in relation to a certain exchange rate necessary controls currency balances. We will talk in more detail about the revaluation of foreign currency and accounting for foreign exchange transactions in this publication.

"1C Accounting 8": reflection of currency purchases

In order to be competent regarding exactly what transactions are carried out by the regulated operation called “Revaluation of currency funds”, you need the given enterprise to have currency, which, of course, must be purchased. In the accounting program, the acquisition of a document is reflected using a document called “Write-off of the current account.” By going to the main menu section named “Bank and Cash Office” (“Bank Statements”), open this document.

After the operation, set the following details:

Type of operation called “Other settlements with counterparties”;

Accounting account “51” with the name “Current accounts”;

Type of operation called “Other settlements with counterparties”;

An agreement, which can be in ruble currency, the type of agreement concluded is called “Other”;

Settlement account “57.02” with the name “Purchase of foreign currency”;

Finance movement item - with this type of movement as “Other payments for current operations” you need to create a new item;

In the example we offer, you need to purchase $1000. On July 8th last year, the official exchange rate for $1 was 4.5691 rubles. And at the bank one dollar could be purchased for 34.80 rubles. It turns out that in the document amount field we need to mark 34,800.00 rubles.

Now go through the document. Thus, we reflected the transfer of finances for the purchase of currency with the following entry: “Dt57.02 Kt51” - 34,800.00 rubles. It should also be noted that account “57” called “Purchase of foreign currency” is intermediate between two such accounts: “51” called “Currency accounts” and “52” called “Currency accounts”. It exists to reflect a situation where finances have already been written off for the purchase of foreign currency, but the banking institution has not yet transferred these funds to us. Accordingly, the operation to credit funds has not yet been completed.

And now you need to reflect the credits of the purchased currency in account “52” called “Foreign Exchange Market” (July 10, 2014). To carry out this operation, use a document named “Receipt to current account”. In the fields of this document you will need to indicate the following values:

Accounting type - “52” called “Currency accounts”;

Type of transaction with the name “Purchase of foreign currency”;

Accounting account “52” with the name “Currency accounts”;

A bank account is a foreign currency account of our company. If we check it, the “Amount” field will also be displayed in the same currency;

Finance movement item - create an item with a movement type called “Other receipts from current operations”;

Amount - 1000;

Bank rate - July 10, 2014, on the date of enrollment, the bank rate was 34.30 rubles per dollar;

Settlement account - “57.02” entitled “Purchase of foreign currency”;

The exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia on the date of the currency transaction - if you have access to the Internet, it is downloaded automatically.

Now go through this document and look at its postings:

Let's do an analysis. The first of these reflects the purchase of currency in accordance with the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia, and the second indicates a deviation from the exchange rate of the Central Bank. Therefore, in this case, the bank simply sells us currency, and the difference in rates with the Central Bank can be explained as commissions from these banking institutions for transactions performed.

(34.30 (bank rate) - 34.0758 (Central Bank rate)) * 1000 dollars = 224.20 rubles.

Above, as you already understood, we calculated the bank commission. The latter with a value of 1 with the name “Deviation of the sale (purchase) rate of foreign currency from the official rate” is reflected in the operating expenses account “91.0” under the name “Other expenses”.

Those who closely followed the situation noticed that we transferred a larger amount to the banking institution than was needed to purchase currency: 34800 - 34300 = 500. After completing the transfer operation, the banking institution must return the rest to our account. In order to register this return in the accounting program “1C Accounting 8”, you need to use a document named “Receipt to current account”:

The required type of operation is called “Other settlements with counterparties”;

Accounting account - “51” called “Current accounts”;

Amount - 500;

Finance movement item - you need to create a new item with this type of movement as “Other payments for current operations”;

Settlement account - “57.02” entitled “Purchase of foreign currency”.

Once done, post the document and look at the postings:

There should be no balance on the account “57.02” with the name “Purchase of Foreign Currency”.

"1C Accounting 8": revaluation of currency funds

And now the purchase of products must be reflected in currency in the amount of $100 as of July 17, 2014. This is done using a document called “Receipt of goods and services,” but we emphasize that the agreement with the counterparty must be in the selected currency, in this case in dollars.

Based on this document, create a document named “Write-off from current account”, which will also be in foreign currency. If you create it based on receipt, then you do not need to fill in any additional fields.

If the second entry debits $100 from the “52” account at the Central Bank exchange rate on the date of the transaction, then the first entry is much more interesting. It adjusts or revaluates the balances in the foreign currency account at the Central Bank exchange rate as of July 17, 2014.

To make it more clear to you, we will explain in more detail. In 1C Accounting 8 and accounting for foreign currency accounts, funds are reflected in rubles. To be sure of the above, create a “Turnover balance sheet” for account “52”. At the same time, on the “Indicators” tab in the settings, indicate that we are interested in “Currency amount”, as well as the accounting fields (information related to accounting).

And the back in the picture was created for posting a document with the name “Write-off from the current account.”

As a result, it turns out that the $1,000 saved in account “52” is worth differently every day, depending on currency fluctuations. And the balance in rubles, which was formed at the end of July, most likely will not correspond to the Central Bank exchange rate as of July 31, 2014. To adjust the value of a certain currency in accordance with the Central Bank exchange rate, a posting is created. In this case, in the document called “Write-off from the current account” the account “91.01” is used.

So, we had 1000 dollars, which corresponded to 34,075.80 rubles. On July 17, 2014, the dollar exchange rate fell and was already 34.3853 (34,385.30 rubles per 1,000 dollars). This means that the 1C accounting program in the debit from the current account dated July 17 increases the cost of $1,000. All these changes are saved in account “52”; in this case, for a thousand dollars you will need to pay 309.5 rubles more. As a result, it turns out that our dollars have risen in price, and we already have, although not large, but... That is why we use account “91.01” called “Other income”.

Speaking in the language of science, this is called exchange rate difference. If the dollar became cheaper, then we would lose rubles and this posting, using expense accounts “91.2” called “Other expenses,” would be mirrored.

But currency balances are not revalued every day. In most cases, this operation is carried out at the end of the month or when funds are received or written off to account “52”.

After this, perform the regulated month-end closing operation called “Revaluation of currency funds.” On the “Operations” main menu tab, you will find the necessary service designed to manage month-end closing operations. Now perform the revaluation operation for the month of July 2014.

On July 31, 1 dollar was 35.7271 rubles. The balance, which amounted to $900, was kept at the price established when the funds were written off (07/17/2014, a dollar is equal to 34.3853 rubles). As a result, the dollar has become more expensive in relation to the ruble and we again have a little more money earned: 900 * 35.7271 - 900 * 34.3853 = 32,154.39-30,946.77 = 1,207.62

"1C Accounting 8": saving exchange rates

While working on this topic, you will have a question: where in the 1C accounting program are exchange rates stored that are automatically downloaded from the Internet? In the directory of the main menu called “Directories”. It is also important to say that at the top of this guide there is a button called “Download exchange rates”. By clicking on it, a window will open where you will need to specify the download period.

After completing this editing operation, open the currency you need and find “Currency Rates” at the top of the window.

Why do you need " Currency revaluation"? I am quite often asked this question by novice accountants, because they have not yet encountered currency transactions in practice and do not understand where this revaluation comes from, how it is calculated and whether it is necessary. Let's figure this out once and for all using the example of 1C: Accounting 8.3 , edition 3.0. Firstly, revaluation occurs “by itself” when closing of the month.

Secondly, it arises only for organizations that have had currency transactions.

And that's why.

According to PBU 3/2006 on accounting for assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency, we have:

The value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency is subject to conversion into rubles for reflection in accounting and financial statements.

The value is recalculated on the date of the transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the reporting date.

01.01.2014 the buyer transferred to our bank account 1 dollar.

The wiring will be as follows:

D52 K62 1 USD (32.6587 rubles)

Please note that we recorded the transaction amount simultaneously in the transaction currency (1 dollar) and in rubles at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction (January 1, 2014, the dollar exchange rate was exactly 32.6587 rubles).

It turns out that all currency accounts store their monetary indicators in two dimensions at once: in the account currency and in rubles (the main currency of regulated accounting for Russia).

Thus, at the end of the day on January 1, 2014, the balance on account 52 will be 1 USD and at the same time 32.6587 rubles.

Everything is great, but time passes. The dollar exchange rate is changing. And now at the end of the month (01/31/2014) for one dollar they give 35.2448 rubles.

And, if we look at our balance on account 52 at the end of the month, we will see that despite the fact that the rate has changed there is still 1 USD and 32.6587 rubles. But we know that one dollar already corresponds not to 32.6587 rubles, but to 35.2448 rubles! Arose discrepancy between the balance amount in dollars and the balance amount in rubles.

So, this very recalculation of the value of assets and liabilities in foreign currency on the reporting date (that is, monthly) was precisely invented in order to restore this correspondence between currency and rubles every time at the end of the month.

In this case, the revaluation of account 52 as of January 31, 2014 will look like this:

D52 K91.01 2.5861 rubles

Thus, we overvalued the ruble balance on account 52 by 2.5861 rubles at the expense of other income. It turns out that the exchange rate has increased over this month - hence the income for the organization. If the exchange rate had fallen, on the contrary, there would have been other expenses.

So, after revaluation, the debit balance on account 52 at the end of the day on January 31, 2014 will be 1 USD and at the same time 35.2448 rubles.

But time passes. And at the end of February, for 1 dollar they already give 36.0501 rubles. This means that we again had a discrepancy between dollars and rubles on account 52, and at the same time other income arose due to the increase in the exchange rate for February.

The new revaluation will give the following entries:

D52 K91.01 0.8053 rubles

And the debit balance on account 52 at the end of the day on February 28, 2014 will be the same 1 USD and at the same time 36.0501 rubles.

And so we will re-evaluate ad infinitum, as long as we maintain a non-zero balance on account 52. Other currency accounts are revalued in the same way.

Here is a brief theory of the revaluation of foreign currency in accounting. Now let's see how all this is implemented in the program using the example of 1C: Accounting 8.3 (revision 3.0):

Loading exchange rates for 2014

Opening a foreign currency account (USD)

To do this, go to the “Main” -> “Organizations” section and open our organization there ():

In the organization card in the top panel, select the “Bank accounts” item:

In the list of accounts that opens, click the “Create” button and fill out the current account card as follows (the account number and BIC are indicated as an example; be sure to select the account currency USD):

Click "Save and close".

We receive funds from the buyer

To do this, go to the “Bank and cash desk” section and select the “Bank statements” item there ():

Click the “Receipt” button and fill out the bank statement as follows (receipt of $01 on 01/01/2014; from any counterparty under any agreement; accounting account - 52; bank account - the one we just created):

Click "Swipe and close".

Let's look at the document entries (DtKt button in the statement journal):

We see that 1 dollar was credited to account 52 at the exchange rate as of 01/01/2014 (about how to look at exchange rates for a specific date in 1C: Accounting).

Closing the month for January

Go to the "Operations" section and select the "Month Closing" item there ():

Select the period January 2014 and click “Close the month.”

Then we find the item “Revaluation of currency funds”, click on it and select “Show transactions”:

Here is our exchange rate difference of 2.58 rubles:

Let's go back to the end of the month for January 2014 and find the "References-calculations" button there. Click on it and select the item “Revaluation of currency funds”:

The program will generate a report with calculations for the revaluation of currency funds:

Similarly, do a monthly close for February to ensure that our preliminary calculations match the behavior of the program.

We're great, that's all

If this does not help, then it is very likely that the account for which you are expecting the exchange rate difference to be calculated is included in your list of accounts with a special revaluation procedure.

Russian organizations, in the course of their activities, have the right to open bank accounts, including foreign currency ones, and purchase assets for foreign currency with the formation of debt obligations. However, tax and accounting are carried out exclusively in domestic currency. Revaluation of currency balances reflects the real financial condition of the enterprise.

What is currency revaluation

Considering that the Russian ruble is the only currency allowed in the accounting of organizations, all transactions must be assessed in rubles. The same applies to bank accounts, even if they are created for settlements in foreign currency. In addition, the revaluation of foreign currency is carried out in the presence of the following transactions:

• cash payments in cash and non-cash forms;
• other monetary documents whose denomination is expressed in the currency of foreign countries;
• financial foreign exchange investments;
• debt of debtors and organizations to creditors expressed in foreign currency;
• foreign currency investments in tangible assets and other assets.

Revaluation of currency balances is carried out in accordance with the norms of PBU 3/2006, which oblige the accounting of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies according to certain rules. The frequency of recalculation depends on the type of asset. For example, banks must revaluate foreign currency on a daily basis according to the current exchange rate. Other organizations are not required to carry out daily revaluation; it is enough to carry out similar operations when closing the accounting period. Dates for asset price revisions may coincide with the following events:

• carrying out operations;
• end of the period (last day of the month).

Revaluation of currency in accounting

Considering that the value of the Russian ruble in relation to foreign currencies is constantly changing, revaluation leads to the emergence of such a phenomenon as exchange rate differences. As a result, enterprises receive additional income when the result is positive, or losses occur when exchange rates are negative. The resulting differences are attributed to account 91 and classified as other income or expenses, depending on the result.

What does the revaluation of currency transactions create? The receipt of a positive exchange rate difference is recorded as follows: Dt 57 – Kt 91.1. Negative value when converting currency: Dt 91.2 – Kt 57.

The purchase and revaluation of the transaction currency carried out by the organization involves the following:

• Dt 57 – Kt 51 – costs of purchasing currency;
• Dt 52 – Kt 57 – replenishment of a foreign currency account;
• Dt 91.2 – Kt 57 – fixation of the difference received based on the results of the sale of foreign currency by the bank and the current exchange rate of the Central Bank;
• Dt 52 – Kt 91.1 – identification of positive exchange rate differences;
• Dt 91.2 – Kt 52 – negative difference.

The sale of funds from foreign countries assumes that the revaluation of the foreign currency account generates the following entries:

• Dt 57 – Kt 52 – debiting currency from the account;
• Dt 57 – Kt 91.1 – a positive exchange rate difference has been formed;
• Dt 91.2 – Kt 57 – formation of a negative exchange rate difference;
• Dt 51 – Kt 57 – proceeds from the sale were received into the ruble account;
• Dt 91.2 – Kt 57 – the difference between the bank’s rate when purchasing foreign currency and the current Central Bank rate is fixed.

Settlements made in foreign currency with other persons are recalculated at the Central Bank exchange rate in effect on the day of the transaction:

• Dt 52 – Kt 62 – receipt of revenue in foreign currency;
• Dt 52 – Kt 66, 67 – funds received as a foreign currency loan;
• Dt 52 – Kt 75, 76 – receipt of funds from founders and other persons;
• Dt 60, 66, 67, 75, 76 – Kt 52 – foreign currency funds were spent to pay off obligations.

If the organization owns some assets located abroad, their assessment must also be carried out at the end of the period. The parent company must prepare its reporting in rubles.

Revaluation of currency in tax accounting

When maintaining tax accounting at an enterprise, the revaluation of foreign currency accounts and other assets is also important. The dates of execution of actions are considered to be the same moments as in accounting - on the day of transactions and at the end of the period.

The results of the translation of foreign currency assets include the following events:

1. The emergence of a positive exchange rate difference. Increases the income of the enterprise and, accordingly, the tax base when calculating income tax.
2. Negative exchange rate differences are included in other expenses. Considered as non-operating expenses when determining income tax.

For enterprises using the simplified tax system, slightly different rules for using the results of revaluation of funds apply. The presence of positive differences when converting the exchange rate affects the increase in the simplified tax. However, the resulting costs resulting from negative differences when organizations convert currencies using the simplified tax system are not taken into account.

Conversion of foreign currency assets into Russian rubles affects the final financial result. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to the Central Bank rate in effect on the date of revaluation.

Russian organizations have the right to open foreign currency accounts without restrictions in banks that have the appropriate license. The presence of a Russian organization with a foreign currency account on which funds are held entails the need for periodic revaluation of foreign currency balances on it, regardless of the purposes for which it was opened. This is due to the fact that all obligations on the territory of our country are fulfilled in rubles. Accounting is also maintained in the national currency of Russia: both accounting and tax. Let us consider the features of such revaluation in the context of accounting and tax accounting.

Revaluation of currency in accounting

Regardless of the currency of which foreign state the resident opened an account in a Russian bank, he is obliged to keep records in accordance with Russian legislation.

As mentioned above, the Russian ruble is the only monetary unit in which Russian organizations and enterprises must maintain accounting records. Consequently, the currency available in the accounts of the relevant person is subject to conversion into the national currency of the Russian Federation at the rate established by the Central Bank.

As a rule, the deadlines for revaluation of foreign currency funds are as follows:

• transaction date;
• last day of the month.

It is on these dates that recalculation is carried out at the appropriate rate established by the Central Bank for this date.

Recalculation must be carried out in relation to both the currency received into the account and receivables.

Fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Russian national currency in relation to the exchange rates of foreign countries will inevitably lead to the emergence of exchange rate differences, which will be revealed in the form of a specific amount based on the results of the currency revaluation.

The result of the recalculation can be:

• with a positive difference. In this case, the difference is taken into account in other income;
• with a negative difference. In this case, the difference is included in other expenses.

When revaluing currency balances in accounting, the following entries are made:

• with a positive difference: Dt 57- Kt 91-1;
• with a negative difference: Dt 91-2 - Kt 57.

It is advisable to reflect the rules of the revaluation under consideration in the accounting policies of the organization.

Revaluation of currency balances in tax accounting

It is also necessary to recalculate currency for tax accounting purposes.

The timing of revaluation in tax accounting does not differ from accounting; recalculation is carried out in a similar way:

• or revaluation on the day of the transaction;
• or currency revaluation at the end of the month.

As a result of the revaluation due to the volatility of the ruble exchange rate, the following arises:

• or a positive difference. In this case, the difference is taken into account in non-operating income. The emergence of non-operating income entails an increase in the tax base for income tax and tax due to the use of “simplified taxation”;
• or a negative difference. In this case, the difference is taken into account as part of non-operating costs when calculating income tax. In the calculation of the “simplified” rate, the negative difference from the revaluation of currency values ​​is not taken into account (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated July 25, 2012).

Thus, we come to the conclusion that currency revaluation in accounting and tax accounting is of great importance, because entails recording the occurrence of additional income or expenses on a certain date (depending on the result with which the exchange rate difference is calculated).

Exchange rates against the ruble, established by the Central Bank for a specific date, are the basis for calculating the revaluation of foreign currency in both tax and accounting.