Kayum nasyri interesting facts in Tatar. Literary activity of Kayum Nasyri

Kayum Nasyri

Gabdelkayum Gabdelnasyrovich Nasyrov was born on February 14, 1825 in the Kazan province, Sviyazhsky district, in the village of Upper Shirdany.

Father is a mektebe teacher, a mullah, an educated person who knows Arabic, Persian, Russian.

The family lived in poverty, in winter - the offerings of students, in the summer - agricultural labor.

Qayyum received his early education in rural school which gave elementary literacy. He was noted for his great curiosity, and his father sent him to Kazan for education. In 1841, Kayum Nasyri entered the Muhammadiya Madrasah, where he lived and studied for 14 years. The madrasah provided higher religious education and trained clergy (mullahs). In addition, Nasyri studies Turkish, Arabic, Persian, native languages, Eastern literature and secretly studies the Russian language and culture. In his curiosity and zeal, he surpassed all shakirds (students).

In Russian, he saw the only way to join the great science and the key to secular knowledge.

By the age of thirty, Kayum Nasyri successfully graduated from a madrasah, was a highly educated person, well versed in special issues of the language, literature and history of Russia.

He did not want to work as a mullah and accepted an offer to work as a teacher in Russian religious school.

The pedagogical activity of Kayum Nasyri can be divided into three stages.

Stage I (1855 - 1870)

Work in a religious school, then a seminary and academy (this step caused indignation of many Muslims).

This activity helped to improve his professional level, he was fluent in Russian, Tatar, Arabic, Turkish, Jagatai languages, mathematics and geography.

During the same period, he is a free student of Kazan University, and also persistently studies the history of pedagogy, methods of education, class-lesson system, the theory of elementary education, primary education, gets acquainted with the works of Tolstoy, Belinsky, Herzen, Dobrolyubov, Ushinsky. During this period, he studies the organization of education in Europe and in Russia (in particular, in the Kazan province), and under the influence of all this, his pedagogical and methodological views begin to take shape and the first works appear. In 1860, he created the first textbook for Tatars studying the Russian language - "Syntax", then a book for reading on natural history - "At Leisure" and a cycle of oriental short stories - "40 Viziers". In 1867, the "Tatar reader" was published, where in Russian it was said about the basics of the Tatar language.

Having studied European and Russian pedagogy, K. Nasyri saw the main reason for the backwardness of Tatar education in the confessional nature of education, scholastic education, formalism and isolation from life.

Stage II (1871 - 1876)

In 1871, K. Nasyri received permission to open a school for Tatars with the teaching of the Russian language. However, religiously minded parents had difficulty letting their children go to this school. K. Nasyri patiently, with great pedagogical tact, convinced that in the Russian state every person needs knowledge of the Russian language; and for this he offered his services and his school to Tatar children.

Nasyri's perseverance was truly heroic. By 1876, he managed to create a modern European-style school with a bright classroom, good desks, and various educational equipment. It was not inferior to the existing gymnasiums and could not be compared with the Tatar mektebs and madrasahs. The school was strengthened financially every year, its authority among the population grew.

In the meantime, between K. Nasyri and the inspector for Tatar schools in the Kazan district, Radlov, disagreements were ripening from year to year on the conduct of the educational process (the inspector was a supporter of the German education system). This conflict ended with the fact that after five years of work in the Russian-Tatar school, Nasyri left her.

Stage III (1876 - 1902)

During this period, Kayum Nasyri was actively engaged in scientific activity, conducts research on pedagogical problems, gives private lessons, composes textbooks, communicates with a wide range of people, publishes a large number of textbooks and manuals, more than 40 works with a volume of approximately 500 printed sheets.

In an effort to spread secular knowledge and useful crafts among his people, he wrote and published study guides in arithmetic, geometry, history, geography, physiology, the basics of agriculture, plumbing, cooking, etc.

But he made a particularly great contribution to the scientific development of the Tatar language, literature, folklore, ethnography and history. He is rightfully considered the founder of Tatar linguistics.

Basic pedagogical ideas and principles of Kayum Nasyri.

In his works “The Book of Education”, “The Brochure on Morality”, he criticizes the medieval scholastic system of education in the mekteb, madrasah, scourging the spirit of formalism, dogmatism and its isolation from life reigning in them. He substantiates the scientific foundations of education, its content. Introduces teaching methods and methods.

According to Nasyri purpose of education is the preparation of a "real" humane, widely educated person who loves his Motherland and respects other peoples.

From this goal come the following tasks:

1. Normal physical development - it is the basis of moral and mental development.

2. Spiritual development(development of the mind, memory, mental abilities of a person, the acquisition of knowledge about the surrounding reality, knowledge of oneself).

3. Education of will, character and moral qualities.

K. Nasyri were developed basic principles of education on which any reasonable system of education and training should be based. This:

1. the principle of nationality - education consistent with the way of life of the people;

2. humane attitude towards the child - respect for the personality of the child in the process of education;

3. education and training should fall on children and youth;

4. taking into account in the process of education and training the inclinations and interests of children;

5. full involvement in the learning process of the forces and feelings of the child;

6. developing the child's mental abilities and ensuring conscious assimilation educational material;

7. combination of education and physical labor;

8. adherence to principles in relation to the educated person;

9. personal example of the educator.

In his educational system, he gives great attention environment as a factor shaping the worldview and views of a person. A healthy environment educates a morally healthy person, while an unhealthy environment brings up a spoiled one.

Nasyri places high demands on both teachers and parents in her pedagogical system. The teacher must be scientifically trained, diversified, possess valuable qualities: kindness, tolerance, etc. The teacher must be attentive to the students, must take into account their psychology, teach without corporal punishment. He advised parents to be demanding of their children, at the same time attentive and precautionary.

The merit of K. Nasyri is that for the first time in Tatar social thought he drew attention to the fact that it is in the process of upbringing that a human child becomes a person.

K. Nasyri had a great influence on the development of pedagogical thought among the Tatars, and its representatives turned to the heritage of the enlightener as the most important ideological source.

A fantastic story from the life and work of the famous oriental scientist, philosopher and poet Avicenna. The first edition was published in 1881. The story is a reworking of the famous book "Kanjinai Hikmet" by Ziyatdin Sait Yahya. The author of the revision, the well-known Tatar scholar-educator, historian-ethnographer Kayum Nasyri, wrote: "I took the trouble to translate this book into a language understandable to Muslims living in Russia."

Radik Salikhov
KAYUM NASYRI

The name of Kayum Nasyri today is known to everyone who is at least a little familiar with history and culture Tatar people. The memory of the outstanding educator has not only not faded over the past decades, but has also been immortalized in street names, in memorial places and museums, in the mass publication and wide promotion of his works. However, the posthumous glory and gratitude of the descendants served as just a small reward to a person who, throughout his life, being in a happy search for truth, at the same time constantly experienced misunderstanding and even hostility of his contemporaries, poverty and failure, cold, hopeless loneliness.

Kayum Nasyri was born on February 2, 1825 in the village of Upper Shirdany, Sviyazhsky district, Kazan province (now Zelenodolsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan) in the family of the famous theologian and master of calligraphy Gabdenasyr bin Hussein. It is known that the ancestor of this ancient and very respected dynasty was a certain Birash Baba, who settled on the right bank of the Volga River back in the days of the Kazan Khanate. Since then, for several centuries, many of his descendants have been recognized leaders of local Muslims, acting as village elders and decree mullahs.

Kayum's grandfather, Hussein bin Almukhamed, graduated from the famous Sagit Akhmetov madrasah in the village of Berezi (now Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan), in the second half of the 18th - early 19th centuries he was an imam in the Upper Shirdans, successfully engaged in teaching and scientific activities. He left a number of handwritten works on Arabic syntax and grammar, which were very popular among the shakirds of that time. Unfortunately, his son Gabdenasir, despite his brilliant abilities and fundamental knowledge in the field of Islamic sciences, received in the most authoritative centers of Tatar Muslim education in Kazan, in the villages of Berezi and Maskara (now the Kukmor region of the Republic of Tatarstan), did not become a preacher.

Educated, who knew Russian well, Nasyr-mulla devoted all his energy and time to caring for his native village and his fellow villagers. As Kayum Nasyri later wrote, “compassion for someone else’s misfortune, responsiveness to people and many good deeds ... won him the respect and gratitude of the people, who called him “merciful”. Public Issues they did not give Gabdenasir Khazret the opportunity to officially preach in the village mosque. However, like his father Hussein, he was quite fruitfully engaged in the theory of the Arabic language and professional correspondence of oriental books.

Thus, the fate of Kayum Nasyri was largely predetermined by family history and traditions, a wonderful example of his ancestors. Having mastered the basics of literacy and faith in a village mekteb, on the advice of his father, in 1855 he left for Kazan in a madrasah at the fifth cathedral mosque, where their fellow countryman and old friend Ahmed bin Sagit ash-Shirdani (1793-1863) taught then. This clergyman was known not only as a born teacher and talented scientist, but also as a progressive imam, a staunch supporter of the religious reformer G. Kursavi. Studying under such a man helped Kayumu develop natural curiosity and critical thinking. Behind a short time he mastered the Turkish, Arabic and Persian languages, the foundations of Muslim philosophy and law. The young man showed great interest in the study of the Russian language. Probably, in search of live communication and literature, Kayum met representatives of the Russian intelligentsia and Orthodox missionaries, who soon offered the gifted Muslim a position as a teacher of the Tatar language at the Kazan Theological School.

In 1855, Kayum Nasyri began to give lessons to future Christian clergy, and a few years later, having gained teaching experience, he moved to a similar job at the Kazan Theological Seminary. For a Muslim, this was a truly bold, even desperate step. The public opinion of the Kazan Tatars at that time categorically did not approve of the cooperation of orthodox Muslims with the Orthodox state in the educational sphere.

Age-old prejudices associated with the fear of Christianization made the young teacher an outcast among fellow believers. The circle of his contacts narrowed down to teachers and students of the seminary and the university. Kayum was assigned a tiny room in the attic of the seminary building, where he sat up until late at night over oriental manuscripts, Russian and European literature, notes and sketches of his first works.

A new and, perhaps, the most important stage in the life of a teacher begins in the seventies of the 19th century, when the government, concerned about the autonomy of Muslim confessional education, took a number of measures to integrate it into the system of state Russian education. The most important task then was considered to be the introduction of compulsory education of shakirds of mektebs and madrasas in the Russian language, the widespread creation of secular Russian-Tatar schools. The implementation of these decisions was extremely difficult, meeting the resistance of the clergy and the Muslim population. The already difficult situation was aggravated by the lack of cadres of national teachers with professional experience and knowledge of the state language.

Probably the only Muslim in Kazan capable of conducting fruitful pedagogical work in the new Tatar educational institutions was Kayum Nasyri. He enthusiastically set about organizing such a school in the Zabulachnaya part of the city, first on Wet Street, and then in the very heart of the Starotatar settlement, not far from the Mardzhani mosque. But, as is usually the case with pioneers, instead of recognition, the tireless educator received only problems and troubles. For the majority of Tatars, he remained "Urys Kayum" - "Russian Kayum", and for officials of the Ministry of Public Education - an overly independent teacher who did not want to engage in frank missionary activity. Nasyri tried to save his school to the last, paying from his meager salary both for the rent of the premises and for textbooks, and even gave the last money to poor students for food and clothing. However, the conflict with the inspector of Tatar schools V.V. Radlov went very far and in 1876 Kayum Nasyri was forced to leave his teaching job.

Loneliness and a quiet life in an apartment near the muezzin of the Galeevskaya mosque on Sennaya Street (now P. Kommuny St., 35) helped the recent retiree to engage in serious scientific work. It was during these years that he created the most significant works in the field of Tatar linguistics, pedagogy, teaching methods, history and literature. He had more time to publish his calendar, which the educator had been releasing periodically since 1871. Kayum Nasyri enjoyed great respect in the scientific community of Kazan. The results of his ethnographic and historical research were heard with great interest at the meetings of the Society of Archeology and Ethnography of Kazan University, of which he was a member for quite a long time.

Kayum Nasyri's life's work can be called the voluminous volume of his peculiar sermons and instructions “The Fruits of Interviews”, published in 1884 at the university printing house. This work, which is an expression of the entire Tatar educational ideology, is of great educational and scientific importance even today.

The personal life of the ascetic did not work out. Failure followed him around. In 1885, after a fire in which his entire library burned down, Kayum Nasyri was forced to leave for his native village and earn a living by hard peasant labor. Returning to Kazan did not save him from ordeals. The absence of a family, a proud, quick-tempered and rather contradictory character only exacerbated the loneliness of the thinker, underestimated by his contemporaries. Interesting notes on this subject were left by J. Validi, who wrote: “... Nasyrov was a nervous, eccentric person, he lived in isolation, did not like to communicate with people, did not know how to acquire supporters for himself. His life was spent in a small apartment, without a wife, without children; he had with him as servants only boys, whom he constantly replaced and with whom he was always dissatisfied. J. Validi also cites the words of the famous Tatar journalist and teacher H. Maksudi, who literally said the following: “Having received a letter from Transcaucasia in which the author asked me to send materials on Kazan literature ... I turned ... to Kayum Nasyrov and found him in stockings and a sheepskin coat ; after listening to my request to give his biography and give a photographic card, he answered in the sense that he did not want to give any biographical information about himself for that people who until now did not want to know him and which dooms their writers to starvation; that he does not have any such photographic card and no one will be interested in looking at his ugly face.

Of course, the old teacher's hasty conclusions were dictated by bitter resentment, but they were hardly justified. Kayum Nasyri became a real idol for the young Tatar intelligentsia of the late XIX - early XX century - G. Tukay, F. Amirkhan, G. Ibragimov, G. Kamal and others, who stood at the origins of professional national literature, theater, art and science.

The enlightener, who was paralyzed at the end of his days, died on August 20, 1902, and was buried by the shakirds of the Muhammadiya Madrasah at the Novotatarskaya Sloboda cemetery in Kazan.

Ziyatdin Sait Yahya & Qayyum Nasyri
THE TALE OF ABU-ALI-SIN
First part of the post

Ziyatdin Sait Yahya, the author of the book “Kanjinai Hikmet”, dedicated to the great Abu-ali-Sin, wrote, addressing readers, about the reasons that prompted him to create his work: “I, your obedient servant, heard a lot in my time from those who know people about the amazing deeds done by the great Abu-ali-Sina, and about entertaining stories associated with his name. Impressions from these stories and legends prompted me to write a book about the legendary Abu-ali-Sin.
Before me, such an attempt was made by a certain Hasan Madhi, who wrote a story dedicated to Abu-ali-sina. Madhi presented his book to the Turkish sultan Murad the Third, but allegedly the sultan rejected Madhi's gift. While working on a book about Abu-ali-Sin, I naturally became interested in the book of Hassan Madhi, searched for it and, having carefully studied it, came to the conclusion that Madhi was not so much engaged in processing existing legends as inventing them himself. Hassan Madhi's own imagination turned out to be poor, which is why, as it became known to me, Sultan Murad did not accept his book. In the work on "Kanjinai Hikmet" from the book of Madhi, I could not draw anything useful. In my presentation of the legends about the wise Abu-ali-Sin, I relied primarily on historical facts cited in numerous works dedicated to Abu-ali-Sin as a scientist, and tried to carefully preserve the legends about him as a person, passed from mouth to mouth for dozens of generations.
When working on the book, I paid attention to the advice of experts on the life of Abu Ali-Sina.
My work, begun with the blessing of Allah in Iskedar, I finished in Laden. I have named my book “Kanjinai Hikmet” and with excitement I present it to the judgment of the discerning reader.”

On the translation into Tatar of the book "Kanzhinai Hikmet"

"Kanjinai Hikmet" - a book dedicated to Abu-ali-Sin (Avicenna), was published in Kazan in 1281 AH. Unfortunately, the author uses many Arabic and Persian words and expressions in the text, making it difficult for readers who do not know these languages ​​to understand the meaning. And since there are many who want to get acquainted with the legends and tales of Abu Ali Sin, I took it upon myself to translate this book into a language understandable to Muslims living in Russia.
So, the attention of the reader is offered the translation of “Kanjinai Hikmet”, a book about Abu-ali-Sin, made by your obedient servant Gabdelkayum, the son of Mullah Gabdennasyr.

THE BEGINNING OF THE BEGINNINGS, OR THE STORY ABOUT THE BIRTH OF THE TWINS Abulkharis and Abu-Ali-Sina And Their First Adventures On The Hard Path To Knowledge Of Wisdom

Everything in life begins with birth... According to the chroniclers and the narrators, in the three hundred and seventy-third year of the Hijra - the lunar calendar - in the Bukhara state, in the village of Shadzheg, two twin sons were born in one family. And the father and mother gave them names: one - Abu-ali-sina, the other - Abulkharis. Over time, Abu-ali-Sina became a famous sage, and the village of Shadzheg, as the place of his glorious birth, became known throughout the morning. The city of Samarkand also went down in history, where, at the age of eighty-one, Abu Ali-Sina, alas, died and in the four hundred and fifty-fourth year of Hijri was buried there with all honors.
Everything in life begins at birth. Then a person dies, but after death, his worthy deeds continue to live. And at the end of the story we will tell about the death of the sage. And now our story about twin brothers,

... They were four years old, and their parents sent them to school, so that mentors would raise children in good manners and teach them various sciences. Boys were not taught the same way. Abulkharis was less gifted and more difficult to comprehend science. But Abu-ali-Sina surprised everyone with his agility of mind, memory, ingenuity and skill. And he was above all in conversations and disputes and so smart that he could, as they say, cut the thinnest hair into forty hairs. And there was no equal to him. Only with Plato, the Greek scholar, could mentors compare him, and Abu-ali-Sina was still a child.
One legend has survived to this day. The story goes like this: at school, the students, arguing among themselves, decided to test Abu-ali-sina and, when he left, put a sheet of paper under his bedding. Knowing nothing about this, Abu-ali-Sina, returning, sat down in his place and immediately began to look in surprise from floor to ceiling, from ceiling to floor. Then the disciples asked him: “Tell me, what surprised you so much?” And Abu-ali-Sina answered them: “The ceiling has become lower or the floor is higher - I don’t understand, but something has changed.” He has such a subtle instinct.

As a river tends to the sea, so Abu-ali-Sina strove for knowledge, constantly cultivating his will, mind, zeal. And by the age of twelve, he had succeeded so much that he had his own students. And yet he remained a child, and fun, games, mischief were not alien to him. Every day until noon he studied himself and taught others, and then played with his Companions in the street. The older students disapproved of him and said; “You are smarter than everyone, isn’t it humiliating for you to play with fools?” To this, Abu-ali-Sina answered them: “Every age has its own laws. The laws of childhood are games and fun.
In short, neither in Bukhara nor near it, no one could compare in intelligence and knowledge with Abu-ali-Sina. And he was called on the road by a thirst for new knowledge, and, having agreed with his brother Abulkharis, they set off together to wander around the world.
They traveled a lot of lands from sea to sea, saw many cities, had conversations with the sages and their disciples, and visited the burial places of the holy prophets.
One day, when the road led them to the west, to where the sun hides its face at night, they came to an unfamiliar city, and decided to live there for two or three days.
And in order to get acquainted with the city, they went along its streets and bazaars. And they heard the herald. He proclaimed loudly:
- O Muslims! Listen and remember! Not earlier and not later - only tomorrow - a cave will open in the mountain! Everyone who wants to visit the cave, do not hesitate, be ready tomorrow!
The brothers stopped. What are miracles? They had never heard of such a cave that could open up. And what's the point of informing the people about it? They needed to know what was in it.
One talkative passerby told them:
-They say this: in the time of Daud the prophet, there lived a sage. His name is known - Fisaguris. He wrote the Big Book of Knowledge. And he presented it to King Daud. The king was smart and realized that this book is an invaluable gift. “The book of Fisaguris he called the thoughts of the sage and honored his science. When Daoud died, Suleiman took the crown of the prophet. He also read the Book of Fisaguris. And Suleiman wanted the sage to obey the will of the king. But the sage was not accustomed to orders, and he did not heed the desire of the king. And the king decided to subdue the sage by force. He gathered an innumerable army and moved against Fisaguris. The king showed his power. But wisdom is also not powerless: and immediately having drunk away the troops of Suleiman, Fisaguris placed as many horsemen and as many footmen as the king had. Troops converged. The warrior of Suleiman entered the battlefield in order to defeat the enemy in a duel. From the army of Fisaguris the same kind of warrior came out. And the warriors were similar as twins are similar. And in new fights, more and more new fighters met, and they were so similar to each other, like two drops of rainwater are similar, and it was impossible to distinguish between them.
That day, the battle seemed endless. But how do you determine who won?
The next morning, Fisaguris came to the king with rich gifts and said, bowing: “Forgive me! You showed the omnipotence of royal power, I showed what wisdom is capable of. I'm not looking for enmity with you, but friendship, so don't hold a grudge against me.
King Suleiman, seeing how brave Fisaguris, how wise and how strong he was, treated him with reverence and great respect and asked Fisaguris to become his vizier. Well, a request is not an order, and Fisaguris remained at the king's court to serve, and was faithful to him until his death. He knew a lot, he studied the phenomena of nature, and chemistry, and magic, and magic, he was the first to learn how a person can become invisible for a while. Yes, yes, he knew a lot, he knew how to do a lot, but the means eternal life Have not found. And died. And after his death, so that his works would not disappear forever, all the books of Fisaguris were collected and hidden in a huge cave, blocking the entrance to it with a magic door. This door is open only once a year, but only for three hours, and everyone can be there for a short three hours, look, read any books and gain great wisdom. But we must remember one condition: for every attempt to make a record, tear out a page, take away a book, death awaits a person. And this is so that wisdom does not fall into evil hands, but only sows good. That's what our cave is famous for...

And the stranger said goodbye to his brothers.
Hearing this amazing story, Abu Ali Sina said:
- A truly wonderful cave, we certainly must visit it. But three hours ... What can we do in such a short time? And if every year we go to the cave, spend three hours reading, perhaps our life will not be enough for us to review all the books. Come on, this time we will not go to the cave, but we will stay in this city for a year. Let us pray to Allah and, with his blessing, we will begin our preparations so that in a year, having entered this cave, they could stay in it for exactly a year and look through every single book that Fisaguris left.
Abulkharis agreed with his brother. And they remained in the city and began their preparations. And, preparing for a long life in the dungeon, they tried to foresee everything. They learned to eat very little by little - just a few drops of olive oil a day, and they drank water only once a month. They also calculated the required amount of oil per year for lamps.
In the future, they decided to eat the dried heart of a mountain goat. They ground the dried heart and mixed it thoroughly with almond oil and exposed the mixture to the sun. Under the sun, the oil was absorbed into the heart, and again the oil was added to the mass, and the mixture was exposed to the sun.
And so they did for forty days. Then the brothers rolled the finished mass into balls the size of a walnut. And it was enough to swallow just one such nut to feel neither hunger nor thirst for forty days ...
A year in preparations flew by faster than a dream, and now the herald is again shouting that the entrance to the cave will be open tomorrow.
Hiding supplies under their clothes, the brothers entered the cave with a large crowd and quietly hid in the shade.
In an instant, three hours flashed by, the huge cave was empty, the entrance was closed, and darkness reigned.
But what is darkness for brothers? They carved a fire with a flint flint, lit the lamps and, illuminating the path before them, went through the dungeon.
There were many rooms there. There are comfortable seats along the walls. And in the corners, streaming, the springs rang.
And there were many books.
After examining everything, Abu-ali-Sina and Abulkharis took a bath, drew a circle and began to study the books.
Pages flashed in their hands. And what they found especially important, the brothers wrote down on sheets, but not with ink, but with onion juice. The trace of onion juice is invisible on paper, and therefore no one can read what is written there, and if you hold the leaf over the fire, the fire will reveal the letters.
They counted the days by watching the oil burn evenly. They took turns sleeping, they did not distract each other with anything - time was valuable.
And cherishing every minute, they learned so much in a year that no one will have enough time to comprehend at least half of this knowledge.
... The lamps were already running out of oil, which means that the year of their stay in the book dungeon was ending!
And the brothers began to wait for the magical moment when the cave would open again.
And then one day the entrance opened, and people poured in in a disorderly crowd with one desire - to get to the books as soon as possible.
The brothers took advantage of this and left the cave unnoticed.
But during the year spent in the dungeon, the brothers changed so outwardly that they lost their human appearance. Their heads and faces were overgrown, and the grown nails looked like the claws of a bear. And therefore, as from beasts; passers-by fled from them.
And unfortunately, just at that time, people were looking for two sorcerers who had tormented the people with their evil machinations. Desperate people took Abu-ali-Sina and Abulkharis for these sorcerers and attacked them with shouts: - Here they are! Hold them! Don't let go! Praise be to Allah, they finally got caught!
The angry crowd tied the brothers hand and foot and dragged me to the padishah.
The padishah was ignorant and stupid, he did not delve into the essence of the matter and did not understand who was in front of him. After all, the one who honors Allah has a special light on his face and you cannot confuse him with a sorcerer. But the padishah was stupid, he was sure that there were two terrible sorcerers in front of him, and he ordered them to be executed immediately.
And then to say, is it time for the padishah to analyze in detail someone's guilt, to look for witnesses and evidence, when he is allowed by fate to judge, as only he wishes. He can offend, offend, and even execute the innocent...

The crowd dragged the unfortunate brothers to the square, where executioners with large drawn swords were waiting for them.
The brothers looked into each other's eyes. And he read Abulkharis in his brother's eyes: “It was not for this that we mastered knowledge with such difficulty for a year in order to die a stupid death. It's time for us to put our knowledge to the test. I'm leaving!"
There was a reservoir near the place of execution. Abu-ali-sina uttered a spell, abruptly threw off the hands of the executioners from his shoulders and dived into the reservoir. The crowd rushed after him. But how can you find someone who has become invisible?
While Abu-ali-Sinu got up, Abulkharis did not waste time either. He also whispered a spell, and the rope that tightly wrapped around his body weakened and, flying up, caught on the roof of the padishah's palace. Abulkharis went upstairs in the blink of an eye and immediately, like a cloud, melted away.
- Hold the sorcerers! Hold them! the crowd shouted furiously. But shouting will not help the cause, especially since the brothers have caught a cold.
The padishah and his entourage gasped, the people gasped in amazement, and now no one doubted that they were sorcerers. And angry people decided to look for them.
In the meantime, they are looking for sorcerers, we will tell about the new adventures of the wise Abu Ali-Sina and his brother Abulkharis.

MIRACLES CONTINUED, OR THE LEGEND ABOUT Abulkharis and the Padishah of Baghdad

So, we parted with the brothers at the very place where their unjust execution awaited them. We were surprised together with the people at their sudden disappearance. But it was not in vain that they spent a year in the cave of Abu-ali-Sina and Abulkharis and read mountains of wise books. A powerful force transferred Abu-ali-Sina to Cairo, and Abulkharis ended up in the glorious city of Baghdad.
O beautiful Baghdad! You are full of joy and every temptation. Abulkharis, who forgot all the pleasures of life in a year, found them again on your streets. In entertainment, Abulkharis lost track of time, but one day, suddenly recollecting himself, he said to himself: “Stop, true believer! Is entertainment the meaning of life? Remember - you know a lot and you can do a lot!
And Abulkharis decided to build an unprecedented bathhouse with forty domes to the delight of the people of Baghdad and, of course, not at a loss. He found a huge tree in the forest, cut off forty identical twigs from it and brought them to one of the outskirts of Baghdad. Then he threw a towel over each rod, read the spell, blew on each ...
And in an instant the rods took on human form, and forty handsome twins lined up in front of Abulkharis, ready to fulfill any order of their master. And Abulkharis ordered them to build a huge bath in seven days. And that the bath was with forty domes, and that under each dome there was a handsome servant, meek and silent, and that he rendered all services to anyone who came to the bath. In a word, there should be a bath a thousand times better than the best!
And seven days passed, and an unprecedented bathhouse with forty domes appeared before the eyes of the inhabitants of Baghdad. And the poor and the rich, servants and merchants, were drawn to the bathhouse, and there was not a single one who, having visited this bathhouse at least once, would not want to visit it again. The bathhouse was striking both in its interior decoration and in the agility of the dumb servants. Never in Baghdad did they know a better place to stay.
The news of the miraculous bath reached the padishah. The wise padishah of Baghdad was an inquisitive person and decided to visit an outlandish bath together with viziers and advisers. The padishah visited all the domes, examined all the nooks and crannies and realized that mere mortal people could not build such a huge bathhouse in seven days. The padishah was also surprised by forty silent youths, similar to one another, like raindrops. The padishah tried to ask them questions, but did not hear an answer from them, although they fulfilled any desire of him instantly. And the wise padishah realized that this bath is not simple, that there is some kind of secret in this matter.
The padishah did not share his thoughts with anyone, but, returning to the palace, ordered to call Abulkharis. With great reverence and every kind of respect, he greeted the guest and began to ask about the bath.
- How can you build such a huge bathhouse with forty domes in seven days? This is beyond the power of mere mortals, - said the padishah.
Abulkharis, going to the palace, took a young man with him. And nodding in his direction, Abulkharis replied:

O my lord, kings of incomparable Baghdad! I have forty such young men in my service. Any of them will do anything in seven days, even get a load of money! They built the bathroom!
And the padishah said:
- O wise one! They are obviously relatives, because each one is like the other, like raindrops. But why don't these young men say a word, although everyone understands
are they dumb?
And Abulkharis answered:
- Oh my padish, you are right, these young men are brothers, and therefore they are similar. But they don’t know how to speak, because they grew up in the forest.
So he said to the padishah, but did not say a word about the fact that it was he who breathed life into those rods that he brought from the forest.
And the padishah of Baghdad understood that the guest did not tell him everything, and there is some kind of secret here. And the padishah said:
- O wise one! What you say is wonderful and extremely amazing, but there is a riddle hidden in your words, and it has confused our minds. So tell us your riddle.
Abulkharis replied:
- O my lord! These young men are very skillful and each of them is capable of forty feats. What you are witnessing is just one feat, and thirty-nine feats are still behind each of them.
And the padishah said:
What feats are they capable of? Be so kind as to show their skill to us.
- My padishah, I am ready to fulfill your request, but on one condition - we must be left alone, let the witnesses leave. - So said Abulkharis.
At the command of the padishah, his viziers, advisers and close associates left the palace, even the servants all left.
- We are alone now, - said the padishah, - so what are your young men capable of?
And Abulkharis answered:
- Oh my padish! There is nothing these young men cannot do. They are quicker than any quick, stronger than any strong, smarter than any quick-witted. Turn your gaze even to the east, even to the west, wish what you want, and a moment will not pass when your desire will be fulfilled by them. For on earth they are faster than a waterfall, and in the sky they are faster than the wind, and your word, at my command, shall be law for them.
And the padishah of Baghdad was a knowledgeable and knowledgeable man in the sciences, he liked to talk with wise men and learned people, and his conversation with Abulkharis dragged on long after midnight, And the padishah said:
- O wise one! Let this young man perform some feat.
And Abulkharis answered:
- Oh, my lord, the great padishah! Order, and I will do everything. Look at least to the east, at least to the west, and say only a word.
And the padishah said:
“My eyes are not directed to the west, and not to the east. The gaze of my heart is turned to the beautiful daughter of the padishah Saba. Her frame is well-built, and there is no one equal to her in beauty. And although I never saw her, but according to some stories I fell in love with her unspeakably. I kindly asked the padishah Saba for her hand, he did not give consent. With an army I went to the king, I wanted to take his daughter by force, - I returned with nothing ... My heart burns with love, and no one, except the daughter of the king Saba, can console me. Will you help me, sage?
- Oh my padish! - answered Abulkharis. - You commanded and let it be your way!
And he went up to the young man, silent and the only witness of the conversation with the padishah, whispered something in his ear, and he instantly disappeared. And before Abulkharis had time to sit down in his place, the desire of the padishah was fulfilled: in the doorway stood next to the young man the incomparable beauty-daughter of the padishah Saba. And there was amazement in her radiant eyes.
And the padishah exclaimed:
- O wise one! Am I in a dream? Did a miracle happen before my eyes? Is this actually possible?
And Abulkharis answered:
- O great padishah, the young man fulfilled your wish, and it was one of the easiest and simplest things for him. Maybe you will give him a more difficult task?
But the padishah, fascinated by the girl, no longer heard anything and saw no one but her. She could be called a moon-face, she could be compared with the sun, but no - the moon and the sun faded before her beauty. Poets would be speechless at the sight of her, and sages would forget all their knowledge. The padishah could not take his eyes off the beauty, and his heart trembled. And still not believing his eyes, the padishah said to Abulkharis
- O great sage! My mind is unable to comprehend what happened. How did the daughter of the padishah Saba end up in my palace?
And Abulkharis answered:
- About my padish, who knows about this better than the girl herself?
And he turned to the daughter of the padishah Saba.
- O beauty of beauties! Be kind, tell us how you ended up here?
“Oh my lord,” the girl said through tears, “you are smart and merciful, you will forgive me, but first I would like to hear the answer to my question: where am I?”
Of course, when she saw the padishah, she immediately guessed who was in front of her, but she wanted to hear about it from the padishah himself, and the padishah of Baghdad told her who he was. And then the girl spoke again, and her voice could be compared with the trills of a nightingale ...
- About the padishahs among the padishahs! Listen to the story of the daughter of the padishah Saba. In my father's palace, I was very guarded. In the bedroom where my slaves and maids were, I should not have slept. A hijra was built for me in the middle of this bedroom, and I was there alone, and the hijra was locked at night. And today, when they closed me in my hijra, I, as always, was getting ready for bed, and suddenly this young man appeared, he put my shoes in front of me and motioned for me to follow him. I was very surprised how he could penetrate my secluded hut, but, strange to say, I was not at all afraid of him, put on my shoes, and an unknown force picked me up and carried me, and before I had time to come to my senses, I found myself here.
There are no words to describe the gratitude of Padishah Abulkharis for his miraculous work. The padishah understood that he was not an ordinary person. And his soul was filled with respect for the sage.
The padishah called for servants and ordered to take the best of his palaces for his daughter Saba, ordered to decorate that palace with expensive decorations and give the most beautiful slaves to serve.
The rest of the night, the padishah spent in a pleasant conversation with Abulkharis over delicious dishes, and in the morning, having gathered close associates, he informed them about the miracle that had happened. And he asked the padishah Abulkharis to become his vizier and surrounded him with worthy honor. Then a message was written to the padishah of Saba with the expression of deep respect, respect and hope for favor to the high feelings of the padishah of Baghdad to the daughter of the padishah Saba. And with expensive gifts the ambassadors went to the city of Saba...
Not soon the ambassadors of the padishah of Baghdad, following from city to city, will reach the palace of the padishah of Saba, but nothing will prevent us from looking into this palace and finding out what happened there after the disappearance of the daughter of the padishah ...
When the next morning the slaves guarding the daughter of the padishah opened the doors of her rest, they froze in surprise. There was no girl in the hijra, and she disappeared long ago, because the ashes in the hearth had cooled down. The nurse of the daughter of the padishah sobbed, the slaves and maids cried out in horror:
- O great Allah! By what miracle could the padishah's daughter disappear through strong walls, through locked doors?
Weeping with grief, they told Vladyka about everything...
More than an eye, the padishah protected the diamond of his soul, there was no greater happiness for him than his daughter. Upon learning of what had happened, in despair he tore the padish of the collar of his clothes and collapsed to the ground unconscious.
Waking up, the padishah ordered all scientists, all interpreters of the laws of the Muslim faith and all connoisseurs of nature to be summoned without delay. When everyone gathered, the padishah spoke about the heavy grief that befell him and asked the sages for advice.
And so, having consulted, the sages, turning over the pages of magical books, searching the heavens and all the back streets of the earth with a wise thought, found, albeit with difficulty, whom they were looking for, and immediately reported to the padishah:
- Oh padish! We found your daughter - she is in Baghdad, the sage brought her there with the help of magical power ...
From anger, the padishah turned white all over, became not himself, and gave orders to those close to him:
- Immediately raise a large army, go to war
mortal to Baghdad, return home the stolen daughter, and ruin the city and burn it to the ground!
But his faithful assistants did not agree with him. They said:
- Wise padishah! We are always with you in body and soul. Your misfortune is our grief. But listen to us. Everyone knows that the padishah of Baghdad is a powerful and fearless ruler. He asked for the hand of your daughter, you did not give it, and he, drawn by a feeling, a great feeling of love, almost took her away by force. You know yourself, great padishah, how difficult it was to win the battle. His love is next to him today, and he will want to turn to you in order to get your consent to the marriage that he has been striving for all his life. Let's not get excited, let's wait, especially since Abulkharis serves with him, a powerful vizier, with whom we are unable to cope. And, - do not be angry, the great padishah! - but the padishah of Baghdad is a force, and it’s not at all bad to make friends with him, and maybe even become related ...

And, thinking, the padishah of Saba pacified his anger, gave free rein to reason, and reason prompted that we should wait for news from Baghdad. And not so much time passed before it was once reported that ambassadors had arrived from Baghdad.
The padishah of Saba rejoiced, as if he had already seen his daughter. He ordered to adequately meet the ambassadors, and set aside a separate palace for them. And so everything was done, as the padishah ordered - the ambassadors were met with honor and respect, they were escorted to the palace, treated to delicious food and occupied with conversation all night, and in the morning they were invited to the padishah.
Solemnly they were met by the padishah, welcoming the arrival of ambassadors from the glorious, distant Baghdad.
Scattering words of gratitude in honor of the nobility of Padishah Saba, the ambassadors bowed low and brought the message of the Padishah from Baghdad and a great many gifts.
As the most respected guests, the Baghdad ambassadors were seated in the most honorable places. And, unfolding the message from Baghdad, the mighty padishah of Saba gave it to his assistants so that they would read the message aloud and so that what was written there would become the property of everyone who hears the reader at that moment. The message said:
“Allah, for what I don’t know, generously rewarded me with love for your daughter. I did not receive the goodness of her hand.
And they couldn't take it by force. I was in despair, but Allah sent me to help Abulkharis. He is powerful with a rare force of reason. He is subject to that which is not subject to either the viziers or even the padishahs. So in a week - in seven days in total - he built a miracle bath in Baghdad; there serve forty miraculous fellows, capable of forty miraculous feats. One of them you already know. I did not even have time to blink an eye, as your daughter from the city of Saba in Baghdad found herself. And this, as the wise man admitted to me, is not a difficult feat for a miracle young man. Abulkharis is now my vizier. The likes of him have never seen the light of day. He knows everything that used to be, what is being done somewhere now, and even what will happen to us next.
O great padishah from Saba, trust the padishah from Baghdad and visit us as your own country. You will see your daughter, and she is beautiful, our miracle bath is at your service, any of our miracle fellows.
Think for yourself - why should we be at enmity? After all, even Alexander the Great, having conquered the whole world with weapons, died without reaching his goal. No matter how strong the hero is, but time bends his back, and he is not eternal, and death awaits him. Life is short. So is it worth spending it on strife, quarrels and wars? Unfortunately, we had to fight. So let the century that Allah has left us, with you, we will live in friendship, in peace! Great is Allah! - so ended the message of the powerful padishah from Baghdad.
These calm and wise words reached the hearts of all who listened to them. And without doubts and hesitation, the padishah of Saba decided to answer a kind word with a kind word, gave his consent to the invitation and began to get ready for the journey. He immediately sent an ambassador to Baghdad, who knew how to speak so sweetly and calm anyone with a word. They gathered a caravan with rich gifts and equipped the servants. And the hour indicated by Allah struck, and the padishah of Saba went to Baghdad.
... And the padishah of Baghdad was looking forward to the return of his envoys. And, returning to Baghdad, they described in detail how they were greeted by the padish of Saba, how kind, attentive and polite he was, and that he agreed to the invitation and should be in Baghdad very soon.
The padishah of Baghdad was immensely happy. He ordered to immediately put out sentinels to meet the guests as expected. After talking with Abulkharis, whose advice was dear to him, the great padishah decided that his beloved daughter should be the first to meet the dear guest. And the viziers and people of the Sultanate will follow her.
As it was decided, so it was done. Seeing his daughter cheerful and healthy, the padishah of Saba rejoiced, and the tears that moistened his eyes were tears of happiness. And, without hiding, the daughter confessed to her father that the wise padishah of Baghdad loved her.
Both padishahs are satisfied. One with a smile of a joyful guest, the other with a date with his daughter and the fact that he was met with respect worthy of a padishah from Saba.
Abulkharis was also introduced to the padishah from Saba. From the conversations, the padishah understood what a wise man he was talking to, and made sure that everything he had heard before was true.

Abulkharis was smart, and the army of the padishah from Baghdad, innumerable in number, was invincible. And the padishah thought to himself; “Be friendly with the wise, you will be wise yourself, be friendly with the strong, you will be strong yourself!”
And Abulkharis built a wonderful palace for the guest. And that palace was surrounded by a shady garden with a golden fence. And there was everything that the human soul could wish for.
Days passed in conversations, entertainments, feasts. Once, the padishah of Saba expressed a desire to visit a miracle bath.
Upon learning of this, Abulkharis, with the help of magical power and the power of knowledge, created a marvelous garden next to the bathhouse in the blink of an eye.
Among the most diverse flowers, which did not have enough names, royal roses were fragrant. The bizarre crowns of trees were braided with soft lianas with green braid. The air was full of fragrance, and the nightingales sang in a sonorous voice. Among the babbling streams and fountains there were girls, beautiful as nymphs, and beautiful young men stood with their heads bowed, waiting for orders.
Having prepared everything, Abulkharis brought the venerable guests from the bathhouse. Their magnificence of vaults, similar to heaven, was revealed to their gaze. Unbelievably beautiful were the walls and the ceiling, and even the benches, and the silent youths stood there. Throwing off his clothes, the padishah of Saba sat down on a bench under one of the vaults, and a servant immediately approached him. And the padishah asked him if he was a slave bought by Abulkharis? No, the young servant did not answer, but skillfully washed the padishah. And the padishah understood that everything around was created by extraordinary power, perhaps wisdom, perhaps magic. And the surprised padishah exclaimed: - Praise be to Allah that he created such a wise man! After the button accordion, Abulkharis led the guests to a wonderful garden. There gathered - not many and not few - but twenty thousand people.
There were viziers, advisers, close associates of both padishahs. And for three days they stayed in the garden of Abulkharis. Abulkharis presented rich gifts to the padishah from Saba, expensive clothes of unprecedented beauty made of silk and brocade, treated them with outlandish dishes. In a word, neither pen nor ink would be enough to describe the wealth, generosity and cordiality of the sage. And one day Abulkharis asked the padishah Saba for his blessing for the wedding.
And according to all the rites, the king of Baghdad married his beautiful bride. The loving hearts united and the padishah of Saba, having finished all his affairs, left for his home.
On this we can finish our story about the adventures of Abulkharis, adding only that he became the chief vizier in Baghdad. And we are already waiting for another story - about the wise Abu-ali-Sin.

STORY SECOND. ABU ALI SINA AND THE KING OF EGYPT

All-knowing narrators, whose speech is so sweet that one can listen to them endlessly, told how, after leaving the cave, Abu-ali-Sina, together with his brother, was unjustly accused of witchcraft, how the padish of the Western Power sentenced him to death and how, using a powerful power of knowledge, Abu-ali-sina escaped an unjust death by hiding in a pond. Praise be to Allah for salvation, for it was not without his help that Abu Ali Sina found himself on the land of Egypt near the city of Cairo. Abu-ali-Sin remembered how he almost died, mistaken for a sorcerer, and did not begin to show himself to people until he put himself in order: he trimmed his hair, shaved off his beard, cut his nails, in a word, became the same as he entered the cave a year ago .
Paying no attention to himself, he wandered along the streets of Cairo, visited the Cairo bazaar and once wandered into a street where they sold halva. The keen eye of Abu-ali-Sina noticed a young man in one shop, whose face could only be compared with the bright moon, he was so beautiful, and his camp was slender, like that of a knight. But that young man was only a halva merchant. Abu-ali-sina understood jewelry and knew the price of beauty. Fascinated by the young man, he thought that it was not appropriate for him to be a halva merchant and decided to save him from begging and an unworthy occupation of such beauty. Abu-ali-sina went closer to the seller of halva, halvafrush, as they are called in the east, and began to watch him.
The young man was confused by the loving look of the stranger, and restless thoughts began to overcome him: “What does this dervish need? Does he just like me, or is there something else on his mind?

Just in case, the young halvafrush offered him to taste the halva. Abu-ali-sina took a piece of halvah, put it in his mouth and immediately spat it out in disgust.
And I must say that the young halvafrush was loved by everyone who ever saw him. People quit their jobs just to look at the handsome man, and the one whom he bestowed with his attention was simply happy. When the young man treated Abu-ali-Sin with halva, a feeling of jealousy spoke in people, but when he spat out halva, the indignant crowd began to condemn him with anger:
- O ignorant stranger! We are not only halva, we would even accept deadly poison from the hands of our pet with gratitude, like living water. As the light of our eyes, we love him, day and night you can admire his inexpressible beauty, because one look at him brings joy to our heart. He does not favor us, alas, with his attention, but he showed you such an honor that we never dreamed of. How dare you spit out this blessed halva? How dare you insult the favor of our favorite?
Enraged people approached Abu-ali-sina with stones and sticks, and he knew how dangerous the bottomless rivers of indignation, whose stormy waves were about to splash out of their banks. And Abu-ali-Sina acted as any sage would have done in his place - he disappeared ... The crowd did not notice this, but the young man followed him, reasoning: “This dervish is not an ordinary person. Not without intent did he spit out the halvah. True, there is some kind of sign in this ... ”With these thoughts, halvafrush caught up with the sage in a secluded alleyway and, when they were alone, fell on his knees before him:
- Oh, my merciful lord! I'm sorry that everything turned out so badly ... I will always be glad to see you as my guest and I am ready to honor you as my own father. You did not like my halva, and, apparently, you are right, because although I sell halva, I did not have a chance to learn how to cook it from the masters. My father was also a halvafrush. He died when I was very young, and my mother could not send me to teaching. She told me how her father cooked halva; I also cook it every day. This is what we live for. You, my generous sir, probably know the craft of halvafrush very well. Be my teacher and may Allah thank you for helping an orphan!
The polite speech of the young man, his sincerity pleased Abu-ali-sina. With even greater tenderness he looked at the young halvafrush and replied:
- Be your way, dear young man, I am ready to become your teacher. But not only will I teach you how to cook delicious halva, but I will also teach you such crafts that you have never heard of and that you have never seen.
Halvafrush thought about it. He knew that dervishes were well versed in trade, and at first he decided that the stranger wanted to use his beauty for selfish purposes, but, looking at the kind face of the dervish, he thought that he was not capable of an evil deed. Abu-ali-Sina promised to visit the glorious young man in the evening, but they parted.
When the evening, like an experienced hunter, hid the traps of the clouds and the old woman-night, covered with a black shawl, quietly fanned the sparks of the stars, Abu-ali-sina appeared on the threshold of the halvafrush shop. Halvafrush went out to meet him, respectfully greeted the guest and invited him in. They entered the shop, halvafrush lit a candle and exposed everything that he was rich in front of the guest. After tasting the treats and praying to Allah, Abu-ali-Sina got into a conversation with the young man. Abu-ali-sina liked Halvafrush more and more every minute, and not only for his beauty, but also for his intelligence.
And Abu-ali-Sina made his interlocutor feel that it was not an ordinary person who visited him. Abu-ali-sina's gaze confused the young man, and he was lost in conjecture for what purpose this mysterious stranger was looking for friendship with him.
- My lord, - the young man turned to the guest, - what do you cook halva from? Order, I will bring everything you need, and we will prepare halva for tomorrow's sale.
Abu-ali-sina did not seem to hear the halvafrush's proposal and continued to talk about something else. And halvafrush decided that the dervish was not in vain avoiding talking about halva, he simply did not know how to do anything and, for some incomprehensible purpose, was fooling the poor young man. Halvafrush wanted to drive the dervish out, but, having gained patience, he controlled himself and again asked how he prepared halva.

Abu-ali-sina understood that the young man was worried that he would not be left without halva tomorrow, and said:
- O young man, that man is worthy of condemnation, whose tongue is capable of lying. Why don't you believe that I will teach you how to cook delicious halva? Come on, bring a bag of chaff and see how it's done.
Khalvafrush doubted the good intentions of the dervish even more. “What nonsense? Is it possible to cook halva from chaff? The stranger just wants to laugh at me…” he thought, and then he decided to laugh at the dervish himself and brought him 20 sacks of chaff.
And Abu Ali Sina said:
- I wanted to teach you a more worthy craft, but since your thoughts are only about halva, well, be your way.
And he whispered a spell, and in each bag the chaff turned into such delicious halva that it is impossible to describe.
- Here's a halva, - said Abu-ali-sina, - you can carry it in the morning and sell it.
But halvafrush did not even look at the halva. He took the words of Abu-ali-sin for a mockery. Anger seized the young man, - Shameless dervish, - he shouted, - you wanted to deceive me like a child! But who will believe that from the words “Be halva” the chaff will turn into halva? You have thought of a bad thing. And he deprived me of sleep, and brought me out of patience! - With these words, halvafrush grabbed a log and rushed at the dervish. But Abu-ali-sina seized his hand, squeezed it tightly and threw the halvafrush out of the shop. Halvafrush flew out of the door and fell, losing consciousness ...
Waking up, he opened his eyes and saw a boundless field. Not only his poor shop - Cairo itself is not in sight. Halvafrush was frightened - he had never been in such a mess, and the places were completely unfamiliar. And he went, wiping his tears where his eyes go. He walked for a long time, was completely exhausted, until he reached a lonely tree, lay down exhausted under it and fell asleep. Some voices reached his ears through the dream. He half opened his eyes and saw in the morning light how an innumerable army with guns and swords surrounded him from all sides. O Allah, how many legs do you need to run away from these warriors, how many hands do you need to fight them! Several horsemen silently rode up to the young man and tied him up. The poor halvafrush looked at them with a silent plea, crying out for mercy, but not a single muscle trembled on the faces of the warriors. The young man was chained with other prisoners, and the whole army moved on.
- What is my fault? Where are you taking me? - the poor halvafrush asked with tears, but the soldiers only pushed him with their guns and shouted:
- Walk faster! Don't look around!
Soon the halvafrush's legs swelled up, his thoughts clouded over, and tears did not dry up from resentment and fatigue. Halvafrush understood the plight of his situation, guessed what kind of person his guest was. Yes, what is the use of such a discovery, if there is nowhere to wait for help and from no one. “If only the torment would end soon,” he thought sadly, wandering after the prisoners. They walked for a long time and only in the evening they came to some city.
- What is this city? - Halvafrush asked the soldiers who had taken him prisoner.
- This is the city of Baghdad, - they answered. - Our padishah sent us to Palestine. Glory to Allah, we returned with a victory alive and unharmed.
The army entered the city ... Rich booty and prisoners were presented to the padishah. Halvafrush really liked the padishah, and he took him into the service of his palace. The poor captive began to serve the padishah and, turning his thoughts to God, said: “O Allah! Who will explain to me how in one day I got from Cairo to Baghdad and, having left my homeland, found myself in a foreign land? Did I know what miraculous power this dervish possesses? He rightly punished me, I suffer for my ignorance. Not listening to a wise man is like throwing a treasure in the trash, exchanging gold for copper and refusing living water in the desert.” Halvafrush bitterly repented of his act, and uncontrollable tears flowed down his face.
For three months he served the padishah, but did not tell anyone about what had happened to him. Once the padishah of Baghdad took with him to the bathhouse, which, as we remember, Abulkharis built for him, all his palace servants. When the padishah, resting, basked in the beautiful chambers of the bathhouse, halvafrush, who served his master along with others, asked, struck by the magnificent bathhouse:

Are human hands really capable of creating such beauty?
And he was told about the mighty charms of Abulkharis, about the padishah Saba and his daughter, and about how this bath was built. Halvafrush was surprised at everything he heard and marveled at how similar the told miracles were to his mysterious journey from Cairo to Baghdad.
Noticing the young man's agitation, the servants asked in turn:
- Well, how did you get here?
And halvafrush told about everything without concealment that happened to him. His story was passed on to the padishah, and the padishah ordered to call the halvafrush to him. And the young man again told about how in one day from distant Egypt he somehow got to Baghdad. Abulkharis, the chief vizier of the padishah, also listened to his story. And Abulkharis remarked:
- About padishas, ​​I can say one thing - either an evil sorcerer or a wise wizard did it.

And the padishah asked;
What is the difference between witchcraft and sorcery?
And Abulkharis answered;
- O ruler of the world, evil spirits help sorcerers to create evil on earth, and wizards in their miraculous actions rely on the power of reason and knowledge gained by hard work, and love for people guides them. So witchcraft brings disaster, and magic brings joy.
Stroking his beard, the padishah thoughtfully listened to the explanations of Abulkharis. And Abulkharis said:
- About the padish, if it is your will, it will not be difficult to send the poor young man to his homeland in distant Cairo. And the padishah said:
- If such is the desire of the young man, we must help him.
- Dear young man, would you like to return to your native land? - asked Abulkharis halvafrush.
- Oh, of course, my lord, - the halvafrush joyfully exclaimed, - I am ready to go into the service of a dervish, if only to return to Cairo.
Abulkharis halvafrush took him to his palace, and when the sun went down and the hour of evening prayer came, he took him by the hand, ordered him to stand on one leg and said:
- Close eyes! Halvafrush closed his eyes.
- Now open it! - he heard the distant voice of Abulkharis.
Halvafrush opened his eyes and saw that he was in Cairo at the threshold of his home.
Praise be to Allah, I'm home again! - the young man exclaimed and knocked on the closed door ...
... Throwing the ungrateful halvafrush out of the shop, Abu-ali-sina picked up a log, whispered over it, gave it the appearance of a disappeared young man and sent it home to his mother. And at that very time, while the real halvafrush was reaching Baghdad with great torment and difficulties, its wooden double went to bed, and in the morning, as usual, got up and went to the shop. For three months he regularly traded halva, but one day he fell ill and took to his bed, groaning. Wanting to cure her son (and she took him, of course, for her son), the mother called for doctors, but the doctors could not help, the disease intensified, and the patient's soul was transferred to another world. Then the muezzin and relatives dressed the deceased, as it should be, carried him to the cemetery and buried him. With deep sorrow, the mother gathered all the halvafrush clothes and put them in the chest and sat down in sorrow. Suddenly someone knocked on the door. "Who's there?" asked the unfortunate mother.
- It's me, your son halvafrush! Open up mom! she heard her son's voice. Not understanding what was the matter, the mother opened the door, saw her living son and, having lost consciousness, fell.
When consciousness returned to the mother and she opened her eyes, her son was again standing before her eyes!
- The light of my eyes, - exclaimed the mother, - in a dream or in reality I see this miracle! Could this really happen? Explain to me, son, this magical dream.
- Oh, dear mother! What is special here? - answered halvafrush. - I was destined to endure suffering for several months, I endured them all and returned, having understood a lot.
And he told his mother about everything that happened to him, what he had to endure, wandering for three whole months in a foreign land, what torments he experienced, and how grateful he was to Allah for returning home.
- There is no god but Allah, - said the mother. - You told an amazing historian and yet you were here all the time. Just last night you came home unwell, took to your bed and soon died. How much grief your death brought, how we sobbed, mourning you, shed a rain of tears over your grave! When, after returning from the cemetery, the people dispersed to their homes, I was left in this room alone with my grief and kept thinking about you... And suddenly there was a knock on the door, I opened it and saw you, alive and unharmed...

And the son asked with surprise: “And what did you do with my clothes, mother, after my death?”
- I put it in the chest, son, - the mother answered and opened the chest. But there was no mote in the chest. If it were full, it would only be air.
And the son also asked: “What did you do with the shop, mom?”
- And there is now a dervish sitting and selling halva, - answered the mother.
Only now halvafrush fully realized the cause of all the misadventures, I shared my thoughts with my mother. Halvafrush's mother was a smart woman. she correctly interpreted the story that happened to her son, and gave him a motherly instruction:
- For the sake of Allah, son, respect this dervish with obedience. Everything shows how wise this person is, for one who is able to work miracles must know and be able to do a lot. And you will learn a lot and learn a lot if you are attentive to his words. And do not try to anger him with your disrespect, for your troubles will be incalculable. Go immediately and ask him for forgiveness and do not contradict him in anything.
Halvafrush immediately hurried to the shop, where Abu-ali-sina, like a real halva merchant, was doing business with success.
Seeing the halvafrush, he smiled:
- Oh young handsome man, tell me where you were? Halvafrush fell at the feet of Abu-ali-Sina and, irrigating
with their tears, with repentance and prayer, he turned to the sage:
“O my lord, my fault is great, and I trust only in your forgiveness…
Halvafrush was so sincere in his repentance that even tears welled up in the eyes of Abu-ali-Sina.
- Show your mercy, show the breadth of your soul, forgive me my involuntary mistake, - halvafrush sobbed.
And Abu Ali Sina said then:
- I forgive you, young man, but you also forgive me ... And they embraced and had a friendly conversation.
“O dear young man,” said Abu-ali-Sina, “with the help of magical power, I exiled you to the Baghdad desert. Tell me, what did you meet there? ..
Khalvafrush told in detail about everything that he had to endure: about how the soldiers of the Baghdad padishah took him prisoner, and about how he was brought to the padishah himself, and about his service for three months at the Baghdad court, and about the wonderful the bathhouse built by Abulkharis, and how Abulkharis brought him back to Cairo with the help of magic power, the young man remembered everything.
So Abu Ali Sina knew that brother he ended up in Baghdad and, having built an amazing bathhouse, became the vizier of the Baghdad padishah.
And halvafrush continued:
- O my wise and all-knowing lord! You showed mercy to me and showed the breadth of your soul, forgiving the mistake. So explain to me how you perform your miracles. For three months, your obedient servant wandered in a foreign land, loitering in grief and trouble, and at that time, as my mother told me, I was here, but died and I was buried with all the rites. Could this happen? Dispel my doubts...
And halvafrush again fell at the feet of Abu-ali-sina. And Abu-ali-Sina revealed the secret of what had happened:
- The wisdom of Allah is immeasurable, but only a fraction of knowledge he gives to his slaves. Everything that I have accomplished is comparable only to a drop in the ocean and a ray of sunshine. As soon as you disappeared from Cairo and your wanderings began in a foreign land, I gave your image to a tree to calm your mother. And she buried not you, but your double, or rather, a tree.
And this time the halvafrush was stunned by such miracles, although he should have gotten used to unusual transformations by now.
Over time, the halvafrush, devoted to Abu-ali-sina in body and soul, learned a lot from him and even learned something from the science of transformations. But halvafrush remained halvafrush, and now, however, in beautiful clothes, he walked the streets and bazaars in order to sell more halva. Wherever he appeared, his halva was in great demand - buyers were attracted not only by the excellent taste of halva, by the beauty of his face, with his well-shaped figure, halvafrush conquered the hearts of the townspeople. Anyone who has ever seen him, wanted to look at the beautiful young man again. All Cairo lost its peace. Some of its inhabitants even quit their jobs and went for halvafrush, as if spellbound. Halvafrush had a lot of money, but he did not feel happy. The excessive attention of the townspeople did not please him either.

It became disgusting for me to trade on the streets, - he once said to Abu-ali-sina, - even though you don’t leave the house at all.
- Well, - Abu-ali-sina agreed with him, - trade in the shop, - and built a new luxurious shop with several rooms for visitors and workers. And for himself, Abu-ali-Sina built a small cozy room upstairs. After work, when evening came, halvafrush went up to this room, and they had sincere conversations with Abu-ali-sina.
Over time, halvafrush acquired several beautiful slaves to help him, and his affairs improved even more. The demand for his halva grew so fast that he no longer had time to cook it. Even those who had never eaten it before bought halva - it tasted so good, and the shop was good. Well, there is no need to talk about halvafrush. Many, under the pretext of buying halvah, came only to once again admire the young men. Fascinated by its beauty, they appeared again and again.
When halvafrush, wanting to take a walk, went out into the street with halva, admirers of his beauty, shouting: “Go out, go out,” surrounded him in a crowd and, trying to get closer to him, made a fuss.
Once, accompanied by a noisy crowd, he passed by the padishah's palace. And I must say that the padishah had a daughter of extraordinary beauty. Each movement of her was worthy of a poem, the radiance of the sun faded before the radiance of her face. Like Zuleikha, she was charming, but a skein of yarn still meant much more to her than a thousand Yusufs.
And suddenly the girl noticed halvafrush, and anxiety crept into her heart. She called the nurse and ordered to invite the seller of halva.
“Ask if his halva is good,” she said to the nurse.
The nurse called the halvafrush, and he gladly followed her to the palace.
The daughter of the padishah coquettishly lifted the veil, revealing her tender face, and, blinding with her beauty, spoke to the halvafrush:
- Oh halvafrush, is your basket full? If it is full, is there halva there? If halva, is it sweet? If sweet, is it tasty? Well, if it's tasty, will you sell it? Or do you only wear halva for show?
The girl talked and talked, and in her questions sounded the emerging tender feeling.
And halvafrush came closer and closer to the girl and, opening the halva, answered:
- Oh lovely! Before you buy halva, you need to know the taste of it. Is it possible to know the taste without tasting? Try it, beauty, and you will know the taste of real halva. The words of halvafrush were sweeter for the girl than the halva itself, and halvafrush, although he was embarrassed, nevertheless looked at her out of the corner of his eye.
O miracle! The girl's face could be compared to full moon, but with the radiance of her face, neither the moon at night nor the sun by day were needed. She was an apple ripened in a garden of beauty, an open bud of the most beautiful flower.
Poor halvafrush! His soul lost its peace - he sold the halva, and with it he left his heart here.
Love took possession of his soul, sadness clouded his eyes. Like a night butterfly, he was ready to burn in the fire of his feelings. Tears filled his chest.
Returning home, he told Abu-ali-Sin about everything and, crouching at his feet, spoke with warmth again and again about his love.
“You are shedding tears,” said Abu-ali-Sina. - What do you want?
- Just one look of this girl so disturbed my soul, - answered the halvafrush, - that all my thoughts were confused, and my heart ached from love. How to relieve this pain? What to do? Die? Or leave this city?
Khalvafrush embraced Abu-ali-Sina, fell at his feet, and burning tears did not dry up before his eyes.
And what about the daughter of the padishah? Before she had time to lower her gaze coquettishly, the halvafrush disappeared, as if it had been blown away by the wind. There was no one in the place where he had just stood.
“Look where he went,” the daughter of the padishah ordered the maids, but no matter who the faithful maids asked, no one could say anything. And everyone decided that it was a genie, because a simple person cannot disappear so quickly. And the poor daughter of the padishah could only sigh for the missing beautiful young man ...
And halvafrush prayed to Abu-ali-sina: - O great one, whose wisdom is comparable only to the wisdom of Plato, your power does not cost anything to save me from vain experiences. Help your obedient loving servant to achieve his goal, - and he laid his head on his knees, and again tears flowed from his eyes. The tears of the young man moved Abu-ali-sina. He did not have the strength to refuse to help a young man suffering from love, like Majnun.

Abu-ali-Sina was sitting in thought, and suddenly, as if from an earthquake, the walls swayed, the floor came under his feet, and Abu-ali-Sina showed his power. The door opened and a beautiful girl entered the room. Halvafrush froze in amazement. She froze, losing consciousness for a moment, and the girl. Opening her eyes, she looked around and saw a seated dervish and a handsome young man beside him. Looking closely, she recognized the young man - it was the same halvafrush who brought her halva. She also liked the dervish - wisdom was felt in him, and his face was kind.
“Everything is from Allah! - the girl thought and was frightened. - Oh, Allah, where am I?
And Abu-ali-Sina halvafrush said:
- O lucky man in love, your beloved is before you. Do not offend her holiness, cherish her honor, and may your hugs and kisses be pure! Remember, if you disobey me and insult a beautiful girl, great troubles will fall on you and you may even lose your head.
With these words, Abu-ali-Sina left.
The lovers were left alone. Halvafrush picked up the girl in his arms, kissed her footprint, and addressed her with words full of tenderness.
The girl came to her senses, lifted her eyelashes and asked:
- Oh beautiful young man, didn't you bring me halva?
- Yes, it's me, your obedient servant!
- What a miracle? the girl exclaimed. - Who are you? Evil spirit or good genie? How did you manage such a miracle? Tell me about it, I ask you, and let no doubts darken my soul.
“O my beautiful love, a part of my soul, the flesh of my heart, do not doubt anything: I am an ordinary person, just like everyone else,” halvafrush answered his beloved and continued, “do not ask me about one thing: how our paths converged love in this room. This is not my secret, and I cannot talk about it. Don't we have anything else to talk about? Doesn't love burn our hearts?
“Everything that is done is done for the better,” the girl whispered ...
- Oh, how little time is given to us for love, - said halvafrush, and the beautiful daughter of the padishah was in his warm embrace.
- The night unites the lovers, - she answered and clung to the halvafrush.
Embracing and kissing each other, they indulged in the joys of love all night long.
When the dawn, having left the refuge of the night, rose above the horizon, and the dawn was about to turn into the morning of a new day, and the lovers were in each other's strong embraces, the door opened slightly, and Abu-ali-sina entered. He cast a spell, and the lovers separated.
Opening her eyes, the padishah's daughter saw herself in her room, in her bed. She was surprised and scared. “If the father finds out about what happened,” she thought, “and then rumors reach the people, a bad rumor can spread about the daughter of the padishah. So isn’t it better to tell your father about everything yourself ... "
With such thoughts, the girl resolutely took pen and paper and wrote to her father about everything that had happened to her that night. The maid gave the letter to the padishah. “Oh, my wise father! - the padishah read. - An unexpected incident happened to me. In the evening I rested in my room and took a nap. But when I opened my eyes, I suddenly saw that I was in an unknown house. There sat a dervish and a handsome youth. I heard the dervish say to the young man: “Remember, if you disobey me and insult a beautiful girl, great troubles will fall on you and you may even lose your head.” And the dervish left. Until the morning I remained alone with the young man, and my strength and my will were not enough to refrain from the joys of love with him. And the next morning I was back in my room. Where is the house in which I spent that night, what kind of people - a dervish and a young man - I do not know. Are they evil spirits or good genies? No matter how I asked the young man to answer this question, he did not tell me anything. Wise padishah, my father, you are mighty and strong. What does it cost you to establish who these people are and where is the house in which I suddenly found myself? Thus ended the letter to the daughter of the padishah.
The padishah's heart burned with anger when he read his daughter's letter. Immediately he gathered all the learned men, wise men and generals. Each took his assigned place. After listening to the letter of the daughter of the padishah, everyone was amazed by what had happened. Some said that this was the work of evil spirits, others argued that good genies. In the end, they decided to unravel this miracle to gather all the servants and slaves in the room of the daughter of the padishah, and put all the servants with guns and drawn swords outside to guard this room.

So they did. In the evening, servants and slaves surrounded the padishah's daughter's bed in her room in a tight ring, servants with guns and drawn swords stood near the room, and several heavily armed regiments were stationed around the palace in full combat readiness. The security of the palace was such that even a fly could not enter there unnoticed.
Evening came ... The stars flared in the sky, and again the enamored halvafrush turned to Abu-ali-Sina with a plea to bring the daughter of the padishah to him at least once. And again, Abu-ali-Sina could not refuse the young man's request. He cast a spell...
... And at the same moment, the servants and slaves saw how the daughter of the padishah got up and went to the door. "Oh! Ay! Where are you going? Hold her, hold her!" - shouted the women, rushed to the girl from all sides, clung to her, tried to hold her, but where was it. The guards turned out to be powerless - the girl disappeared, as if melted into a fog.
The servants and maids were frightened, the whole palace ran around. But all the doors were closed, all the locks were locked, and the walls of the palace stood inviolable. But the girl was nowhere to be found...
And a commotion arose in the palace. “O great Allah, this is not the work of human hands,” everyone thought. But as soon as the dawn turned into the morning of a new day, the daughter of the padishah, as if nothing had happened, again found herself in her own bed. The maids and nurse began to question her. Sobbing loudly from shame and embarrassment, the girl exclaimed: “Find a means to protect me from this passion, otherwise I will commit suicide ...” And she said that she again spent the whole night with the young man in the same house.
The grief and anger of the padishah knew no bounds, and he almost took his own life. “Something must be done! he cried, “otherwise a lot of troubles will fall on your heads.”
The shocked sages called the girl back behind the curtain and asked her:
- Do you agree to help us find out where this house is located, in which you were?
- I agree, - said the daughter of the padishah.
Then they decided that in the evening, when the girl goes to her room to rest, she will dip her hands in saffron, and if she is again transported to the house where she spent the last two nights, then a trace of saffron will certainly remain on the door handle of that house. And in the morning, going around all the houses of the city, it will be possible to find a trace of saffron, and along this trail - the house where the daughter of the padishah is, and those who live in it.
Near the room of the daughter of the padishah, the servants put cooked saffron...
The day is over. The sun left the sky, hiding behind the horizon, and gave way to the stars, sparkling with a diamond scattering.
And again, the enamored halvafrush turned to Abu-ali-sina with a plea to bring the daughter of the padishah to him. Abu-ali-sina did not say anything to him, he only read the spell ...
... And at the same moment, an unknown force lifted the girl, and her heart rushed to her lover. But she managed to dip her hands in saffron, and the trace of her fingers remained on the handle of the door of the room where she was transferred by the invisible servants of Abu-ali-Sina, who carried out any of his wills. These servants, invisible to no one but Abu-ali-Sina himself, were both near the halvafrush's house and in the padishah's palace. They knew about everything, and Abu-ali-Sina knew about everything. Abu-ali-sin also learned about the saffron trail. He read the spell, and on all the handles of all the doors of the houses of the city appeared saffron traces of the five fingers of the daughter of the padishah.
When the bird-sun spread its golden wings, rays and began to peck grains of stars from the firmament, and only the last star disappeared in its beak, the servants of Abu-ali-sina returned the girl to the palace of the padishah, and Abu-ali-sina himself, sorting out the rosary and praising Allah, he went about his usual business.
The next morning, the padishah again gathered the people of the sofa and said;
- Well, now we find out the culprit of our unrest. Call subash here!
When the subash appeared before the eyes of the padishah, he ordered him to check all the houses in the city, go around all the shops and shacks, and if a saffron mark of five fingers was found on the door of any house, the owner of the house, whoever he was, should immediately be taken to the palace . Subash listened to the formidable order of the padishah, called for his assistants and set off to fulfill the will of his master. The padishah was looking forward to whom the subash would bring him.
But not far gone Subash. He saw the first saffron mark from five fingers already on the doors of the palace. And no matter what house the subash with assistants entered, the saffron trace from five fingers met them on every door. Not knowing whom to bring to the padishah, the confused subash returned to the palace and reported everything to his master. From an evil resentment that it was not possible to catch the offender of his daughter's honor, the padishah began to chew his beard, and then, ordered at least the whole city to be turned over, but in 40 days to find the culprit. And for forty days the search continued both in the city and outside it, but even approximately it was not possible to find out the place where the house was located, in which the daughter of the padishah spent every night. The inhabitants of the city were at a loss as to who the servants of the padishah were looking for. And the padishah himself was ready to die of grief, the heart of the poor father burned with indignation, but he could not do anything, and his beautiful daughter disappeared from the palace every night, and every night halvafrush ate the sweet fruits of the beautiful garden of love.
How long, how short, the poor padishah continued to remain in anxious obscurity, but one day they reported to him that in the city of Baghdad there was a wise man named Abulkharis, and his wisdom was so great that they called him none other than the Plato of our time. And they also told that he built a magnificent bathhouse with forty domes - and allegedly in one instant, and how the daughter of the padishah Saba got to Baghdad not without his help - and also allegedly in one instant, and about many, many miracles which the wise Abulkharis is capable of, the padishah of Cairo heard.
And his advisers said to the padishah: “O wise lord, would you order us to send ambassadors to the Baghdad padishah so that he would send his sage and that this sage would help us to remove the burden of anxiety from your soul and free you from grief?”
And he ordered the padishah to prepare rich gifts and send a worthy and intelligent ambassador to Baghdad with a letter to the padishah of Baghdad. And the letter told about everything that had happened in Cairo lately. And the embassy went to Baghdad on hardy and fast camels.
It was not a long journey on fast camels from Cairo to Baghdad. The padishah of Baghdad accepted the gifts sent by the padishah of Cairo, read the letter and fanned the request of the unfortunate father.
And the padishah of Baghdad said to Abulkharis:
“O wisest of those living today, my friend, Padishah Cairo, had a misfortune, the causes of which are so mysterious that no one is able to unravel them. None but you, O wise one! If you go to Cairo and can reveal the secret of what is happening there, then you will help my friend, the padishah of Cairo, and I will be very happy about this.
And Abulkharis answered:
- Your will is my desire, great padishah. I am ready to fulfill any of your instructions.
At the behest of the padishah of Baghdad, a caravan was equipped with everything necessary for a long journey. When the caravan with the envoys of the padishah of Cairo and Abulkharis left Baghdad, Abulkharis thought: “Where are you, Cairo?” - and a day later they were already in Cairo.
As soon as the padishah of Cairo found out about the arrival of the wise Abulkharis, he sent all the people of the divan to meet him, paid him honors and with great respect ordered to escort the guest to the palace allotted for him. Everything was done according to the word of the padishah... Having rested, Abulkharis went to the palace of the padishah, and the padishah himself, showing respect for the guest, came out to meet him. For three days the feast continued in honor of Abulkharis, the wise man from glorious Baghdad. And although the padishah of Cairo feasted with all the guests, even the sweetest wine seemed to him bitterer than poison.
Three days later, on the fourth day, the padishah of Cairo turned to the sage Abulkharis:
“O wisest of those living today, a terrible grief has befallen our heads. Its causes are incomprehensible, but not to you, O wise one! Hear our sorrow. My daughter, the beauty of beauties, the precious diamond of my soul, every night unknown forces take her out of her bed, at dawn she is home again. And no matter how much protection I set, nothing helps. And no one can find out what kind of forces take away my daughter every night, where she stays at this time. My tricks thought about it, they racked their brains, but they could not unravel the terrible secret. That is why I have taken the liberty of disturbing you, oh wise one, and inviting you to Cairo, and I am happy to welcome you to my palace. Reveal this terrible secret, and you will do me an invaluable service.

The padishah of Cairo stated his request, and Abulkharis decided to help his unfortunate father.
The sage took his magic board, untied the magic bag, whispered the names of the months, stamped his bliss on the ground - and renounced everything earthly, plunging into thoughts as deep as the sea. He searched everywhere mysterious place where the daughter of the padishah had been: with his thought he walked from East to West, visited heaven and the underworld, his all-seeing wisdom penetrated everywhere.
But Abu-ali-Sina, having learned from his invisible servants that the king of Baghdad had sent Abulkharis to help, cast a spell and directed Abulkharis's thought on the wrong track.
And Abulkharis saw that the house in which the daughter of the padishah spends every night is located on big island in the midst of the ocean, and this island is enveloped in raging flames on all sides. But no matter how hard Abulkharis tried, he could not determine in which ocean this island was located. Although Abulkharis and Abu-ali-Sina were siblings, although they were raised by one mother and raised by one father, although they studied at the same school, although they spent the same time reading wise books in the same cave, Abulkharis’s knowledge was a drop in the ocean compared to the endless sea of ​​Abu Ali Sina's wisdom. In everything he surpassed Abu Ali-Sin of his brother - both in knowledge and in skill.
And Abulkharis said to the padishah:
- To unravel this mystery, I need to talk alone with your daughter, oh padishah, if possible.
And the padishah ordered to bring his daughter, and she retired with Abulkharis. He asked her about everything, and she told Abulkharis in detail about her adventures. And then Abulkharis gave her into the hands of an evil magic kite and said: “Hold this kite tightly, and as soon as you get into that house where you are every night, let it out of your hands. This kite will peck out the heart of the owner of this house, the owner of the house will die, and you will be freed from the misfortune that has fallen on you. And remember also: when they treat you, quietly grab something from the table. I will find out what kind of food it is, where it is prepared, and decide what to do next.
And evening came again... And when unknown forces carried the girl out of the palace on a date with halvafrush, she firmly held the evil magic kite in her hands.
The servants of Abu-ali-Sina and this time reported everything to their master, and gave Abu-ali-Sina halvafrush a handkerchief and said: “Your beloved will not come to you alone today. There will be an evil kite in her hands, ready to peck out your heart. Be attentive and prompt. As soon as they appear, immediately throw a scarf over the kite, and then trouble will bypass you.
As always, a treat was prepared in the house for the arrival of the daughter of the padishah. But this time, Abu-ali-sina put on the table a rare fiel fish, which is found only off the coast of a distant island in the Indian Ocean.
And the meat of this fish is red, I have red bones. Hindus make beads from the bones of this fish, and such beads are merchants
many are brought to Cairo. And Abu-ali-Sina also made it so that the daughter of the padishah dreamed that the halvafrush's house was also located on an island in the Indian Ocean.
Not long waited halvafrush beauty. She entered, and the kite was about to take off from her hands, but the halvafrush outstripped the flapping of its wings, threw Abu-ali-sina's handkerchief over the evil bird, and the kite fell dead to the floor. And said halvafrush bitterly: - O mistress of my heart! Why do you want my death, why do you send death on me? Weren't you the first to be touched by the fire of love? Was it not the spark of your love that ignited my heart? I didn't notice you, but you me. You invited me to the palace, and for the seller of halvah, the love of the daughter of the padishah can turn out to be a disaster. Good Wizard helps to quench your thirst for love and allows you to meet every night in my house. Isn't that what you want too? Why did you decide to kill me? Forgive me if I am guilty of anything before you.
And halvafrush bowed his head at the feet of the beautiful daughter of the padishah.
The girl, seeing that her plan had failed, answered to calm the halvafrush:
- Oh dear, you speak well. But what should I do if I still don’t know where you live and who you are: a genie or a peri, or a simple person. Your actions have given rise to a bad rumor about me among the people. I don't know what's on your mind. If you want to bring me grief, consider that your goal has been achieved. If you want to marry me, ask my father for my hand. Who knows, maybe he will agree, and we will live together ...

And halvafrush said to his beloved:
- Beloved, dispel your doubts. I'm not a genie or a peri, I'm just a person like everyone else. Like you, I am my father's son. I love you. Maybe you are a fairy, because with one glance you burned my soul with love. I walked around the city, sold halva and did not know any worries. You invited me to the palace, conquered me with the tenderness of your face, with a movement of your eyelashes you opened the coals of your eyes, and I lost my peace. The dervish you saw is as wise as Plato. He is my teacher. He is the one who brings you to me.
Khalvafrush invited the padishah's daughter to the table, and they continued to talk over the meal. And the daughter of the padishah saw that this time there was unusual food on the table, she had not seen such a thing in Cairo. And the plates are also unusual - all from the bone of fish fil. And in the plates red fish.
“Oh, what delicious food,” the girl exclaimed, and, pretending to eat, she hid a piece of fish in her pocket.
She loved halvafrush, but her soul was oppressed by the gossip of people, and bad rumors were terrible for the daughter of the padishah.
And she said, “O my beloved! Your teacher is wise, like Plato. Nothing is impossible for him, he will do whatever he wants. Let him turn to my father so that we can be married according to the law of our religion. Who knows, maybe the father will not refuse, maybe he will give his consent. And the sun would rise over our love, and we would become masters of our feelings.
And halvafrush answered:
- About the bright reflection of my soul, I spoke about this to my teacher more than once and heard one answer from him: “Everything has its time ...” We still have a lot to go through until this time comes, but there is no other way than to patiently wait for our happy hour . ^
The lovers talked until dawn. Returning to the palace, the girl told about everything she saw, and laid out a piece of fil fish.
Seeing the fish, Abulkharis was delighted;
- Well, finally it became known where this mysterious house is located. There is the island of Mosakia in the Indian Ocean. Nowhere, except for this island, is the fillet fish found. And on my magic board, I also saw this island. There is no doubt that the mysterious house is located on an island in the Indian Ocean.
Abulkharis again took his board, drew and wrote on it, made drawings and, confident in the correctness of his conclusions, shared them with the padishah.
The padishah consulted with the wise people of the sofa and decided to send a letter to the Indian padishah with a request to explore the mysterious island. An embassy was immediately equipped and, led by a clever ambassador, it set off for India, taking with it rich gifts.
In Cairo, they began to wait for their safe return. But Abu-ali-Sina foresaw everything this time too...

To be continued

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In 2002 in Kazan, on the territory historical monument The Old Tatar settlement, opened the house-museum of Gabdelkayum Nasyri, a Tatar scientist-encyclopedist, educator, linguist, translator, writer, historian and ethnographer.

The scale of his personality and contribution to the history of the Tatar people could only be appreciated by descendants. During his lifetime, Kayum Nasyri was not understood by his contemporaries, largely due to the familiarization of Tatar culture with Russian, the desire to educate his people through Russian science.

He was the first to compile a real encyclopedia in the Tatar language, translated into Tatar the history of Russia, Russian textbooks of mathematics, physics, geography, and linguistics. Nasyri compiled a Russian-Tatar dictionary, wrote a Russian grammar textbook for Tatar schools and universities, and published several popular science works.

Nasyri became the Tatar Pushkin - he created the basis for the formation of the modern literary language of the Tatars. And also - the Tatar Yan Kamensky: the merit of the educator in the development of the methodological and educational system of school education.

The well-deserved recognition was given to the work of Kayum Nasyri "Healing herbs" - "Shifaly ulenner". It contains personal experience collection and use of medicinal herbs growing on the lands of Tatarstan. The scientist believed that the plants of his homeland were not adequately appreciated: their healing abilities were much higher than those of medicines and overseas herbs.

Memorial room of Kayum Nasyri

The museum is located in a restored two-story mansion that belonged to the uncle of the scientist Mukhammedbedig Khusainov. In 1887-1902, Kayum Nasyri rented two rooms from him, one of which today has become a memorial. In this room, according to documents, memoirs of contemporaries, museum workers recreated the atmosphere of that time and placed things that belonged to Kayum or testify to his work and hobbies.

It contains a simple but solid table with drawing tools and writing materials, an old kerosene lamp, a box in which - kurai and kubyz: Nasyri played such instruments. Particularly valuable items are two personal books of the educator. One is a textbook on logic for a madrasah in Arabic, rewritten by Nasyri himself, with a personal seal on separate pages. The other is “Thirteen Sermons”: this book was once conceived and started by the father of the scientist, Mullah Gabdennasyr, and continued and published by his children.

A blackboard was installed next to the stove, school aids were laid out on the table - Kayum Nasyri was not only a scientist, he was engaged in active enlightenment - he gave private lessons to children. On the walls - bookcases, bunches of dried herbs, mandolin and violin ...

The exposition of the room is a visual story of what a versatile, enthusiastic person Kayum Nasyri was, once again confirming the words about versatile talent talented people. Instruments for scientific experiments, tools for working with metal and wood, tools for a book binder - all evidence rich life scientist.

Museum of Tatar Culture and Life

The exposition of the collection includes not only things, documents, tools of the educator. In the halls of the two-story mansion, the richest ethnographic material from the Sviyazhsk district, the place where Kayum Nasyri was born, has been collected. It gives an idea of ​​the everyday culture of the middle class of Tatarstan in the 19th century, introduces national traditions.

Next to the mansion there is “Khater Bakchasy” – the Garden of Memory. It not only pleases the eye with beauty, but introduces guests to the flowers and herbs that the public educator studied and described. Museum classes are held in the garden, meetings and concerts are held, pupils and students come to the open air there.

The creators of the house-museum - R.S. Khusnutdinova (director and author of the concept), employees of the studio of the artist F.A. Ziyazov - they tried to make the exposition very informative and at the same time atmospheric. The simplicity and austere beauty of the rooms seem to capture the spiritual image of a hero who wholeheartedly served the future of the Motherland.

Website: nasiyri.tatmuseum.ru

Address: 35 Paris Commune Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

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During the life and creative activity of Kayum Nasyri, "fanatical adherents of Islam and reactionary-minded Muslims who hated any deviation from the rules with a fierce hatred", the outstanding educator of that time was not called "Urus-Kayum" otherwise.

I live in a national republic, I hear Tatar and Russian every day, and for me there is nothing surprising in the fact that two cultures coexist together. Although not so long ago everything was "exactly the opposite."

"Lonely Way"

Born on February 2 (14), 1825 in a family of highly educated people, Kayum Nasyri (real name and surname - Gabdelkayum Gabdennasyrovich Nasyrov) from childhood aspired to knowledge. It is logical that the next stage, after he received his initial education in his father's mekteb, was Nasyri's admission to the madrasah of the fifth parish in 1841, where he studied for 14 years. Having perfectly mastered the Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Tatar languages, the future educator secretly began to study the Russian language.

And here a well-founded question arises: why did a person who had an excellent opportunity to live in material prosperity, have honor and respect, consciously choose for himself the label of “traitor”, or as his co-religionists called him “satlyk” ?! Yes, just having received the maximum education, Nasyri clearly felt its insufficiency. And the more he learned about Russian culture and science, the brighter became his desire to convey this to his fellow tribesmen, to his beloved people.

So, after graduating from the madrasah in 1855, Kayum Nasyri was invited to the post of teacher of the Tatar language at the Kazan Theological School. In parallel with teaching, he diligently and tirelessly collected materials on Tatar folklore: proverbs, sayings, riddles, songs, and then submitted these materials for consideration by the Society of Archeology, History and Ethnography at Kazan University. As a reward for his devotion to his work, Kayum Nasyri was elected a full member of this Society.

Close contact with Russian teachers, many years of work at the Kazan Theological School increased his interest in Russian culture. As a result, in 1871, Kayum Nasyri opened the first school in Kazan to teach Tatar children the basics of the Russian language, which, it is worth noting, was a very desperate enterprise at that time.

The museum of Kayum Nasyri works in this house

Entrance to the Kayum Nasyri Museum. Photo by Vladimir Polozov

He believed that the Tatars, living in Russia, should know its history, culture and Russian language. According to the reactionaries, however, education should not go beyond the dogmatic boundaries established by centuries-old traditions. Enlightenment was purely religious and dosed, which resulted in stubborn opposition to the development of the Nasyri school. Pupils, who were already few, were on the street and beaten, and the teacher himself, as soon as classes began, denunciations were instantly written to the unit.

And sadly, having suffered for several years, in 1876 Kayum Nasyri left this idea of ​​his. Despite the growing pressure from his fellow tribesmen, Nasyri continued the educational path he had chosen. He published at his own expense an annual desk calendar, which, along with practical information, published data from various fields of science, as well as entertainment materials; fairy tales, proverbs, songs, translations from Eastern authors and excerpts from own compositions. This mass publication was very popular among ordinary people.

“A rare peasant, having sold a sack of oats or a sack of matting in the city, did not buy with the proceeds money quite affordable and such a necessary thing.”

Kayum Nasyri was the first to express the idea that there should be a Tatar language understandable to the masses. literary language. As an educator, if this concept is interpreted literally, he brought people light - knowledge, adapting the presentation of books to the tastes and level of Tatar readers of that time.

Quoting Rafael Mustafin:

“Kayum Nasyri gave the living Tatar language the rights of citizenship, polished and honed it, worked out the norms of literary usage.” “Probably, in the last third of the 19th century, there was no such shakird of a madrasah or, in general, a more or less literate person from the Tatars, who would not have read his semi-legendary stories about Avicenna or the forty viziers ...”

Before the Great October Socialist Revolution, the collection of works of oral art was of an accidental nature. The first experiments in this direction were made by Kayum Nasyr And in his book Favakihemdzhelyasya. The author of the first textbook of Russian grammar for the Tatars (1891), the first Tatar-Russian dictionary (1875), "Russian Reading" (1889), the first who put the study of the Tatar language on a solid scientific basis - Nasyri stubbornly goes to its goal is to bring together and mutually enrich two great cultures ...

Within such short story, it is difficult to reflect the versatility of our great compatriot.

"Isn't there a lot of pathos?" - you ask.

Nothing. After all, the whole life of the writer, historian, ethnographer, folklorist, linguist Kayum Nasyri was devoted to sincere service to science. Is it easy to be an outcast, a lonely traveler wandering through life? I think it's difficult and embarrassing. But a genius sees into the future, and only it, bright and worthy, in which he is also involved, gives him the power to create!

In Kazan, there is the Kayum Nasyri Museum, which was opened in 2002 in a house that is a monument of Tatar wooden architecture.

It is located on the territory of the Old Tatar settlement. The idea of ​​the exposition is based on the disclosure of historical, biographical and memorial topics, as well as a deep understanding of the features and stages of development of the Tatar educational thought, singling out K. Nasyri, Sh. Marjani, Kh. Faizkhanov and Khalfins from the enlighteners of the 19th century.

The exposition is based on printed, handwritten and epistolary sources. Among them are the memorial works of K. Nasyri and a handwritten book copied by his hand, as well as madrasah textbooks, samples of oral folk art of the Tatar people, memories of relatives, eyewitnesses and photographs from private archives. It also presents ethnographic material collected, among other things, in the Tatar villages of the former Sviyazhsky district, the homeland of the scientist. In addition, personal belongings belonging to K. Nasyri's relatives are on display.

Among the valuable collections are the memorial collection of Kayum Nasyri, personal belongings of the Khusainov family, Marat Valishin, as well as a collection of books and textbooks of the madrasah in Arabic and Tatar languages ​​of the late 18th-20th centuries.

The museum is constantly looking for new forms of work. Among them is the creation of the museum "Garden of Memory", founded in 1997. Today's garden delights and delights everyone who comes to the museum. It became an additional exhibition hall under open sky where nature itself is responsible for its design.

Daria Egorova

Industrial practice in the edition of 2010

List of sources used:

Mustafin R. A. Image of time. Articles. Kazan, Tatar book. publishing house, 1981.

Akhunov A. Kayum Nasyri - a stranger among his own // Tatarstan. - 2005. - No. 2.

MUSEUM OF KAYUM NASYRI (branch National Museum Republic of Tatarstan since 1996) 420021, Kazan, st. Paris Commune, 35.

Kayum Nasyri

Tatar folklore: fairy tales

Solomtorkhan

Long ago, there lived a very poor man. There was nothing for him to cover his nakedness, nowhere to shelter. So he was forced to sit in the straw all his life. People jokingly nicknamed him for that Solom-Torkhan padishah. He had a friend - a fox. Here she comes and says:

O my friend, I have come to desire to marry you. After all, longing takes, as I look at your life like this. It's time for people to show you.

Solom-Torkhan replied to this:

Well, do me such a favor.

The fox went to the palace of the padishah and asked for a pudovka, saying that Solom-Torkhan padishah wants to measure his gold. The fox collected some grains of gold and silver, poured them into the cracks of the pudovka and carried them back. She waited a day or two - and again to the padishah for a measure, and again returned it with grains of gold and silver. She did this three times. And then she appeared to the padishah and said:

O great padishah, give your daughter as a legal wife to my friend Solom-Torkhan padishah.

And the daughter of the padishah married Sol-Torkhan, promising a rich dowry - five black horses and two hundred thatched cities ...

Having finished the job, the fox ran to Solom-Torkhan:

My friend, I married the daughter of the king himself for you!

Solom-Torkhan was very surprised when he heard this:

But how can I, naked, go to the daughter of the padishah?

Nothing, don't worry, we'll think of some trick, answered the fox. She took Solom-Torkhan to the river, put him in a leaky boat and pushed him into the water. And she herself scattered old rags on the coastal bushes and ran along the shore, shouting:

Guard! Guard! Solom-Torkhan padishah is drowning!

Help!

So she ran to the palace.

Rather, - the padishah shouts, - order to save your son-in-law! He, with all his goodness, goes to the bottom!

The servants of the padishah quickly pulled Solom-Torkhan out of the water and took him to the palace. They dressed him in a rich dress and, like a son-in-law, seated him in a place of honor. But Solom-Torkhan did not notice anyone, he looked only at his clothes, because the poor fellow had never seen a dress on himself in his life.

It seems that he has never seen clothes, - said the padishah, - something does not take his eyes off her.

Lisa replied to this:

Try to give him something better, maybe this dress doesn't like it?

And she imperceptibly whispered to Solom-Torkhan:

Don't look at yourself like that, it's indecent.

And so the poor fellow, who spent his entire life in the straw, became the son-in-law of the padishah. And happily lived with his wife.

I visited them today, I drank tea on a stake, I came back yesterday by force. But it still smells of straw.

Stepdaughter

There were also in ancient times a man had two daughters and a son. One of the daughters was not related to him. The family did not like her. Once they consulted and decided to take the girl to the forest. Her brother told her:

Let's go to the forest, pick berries there, and I'll chop wood. We'll be back in the evening.

The girl took a ball, a bucket and went with her brother. They climbed far, into the very thicket, and finally stopped. The brother unharnessed the horse and let it pluck the grass, and he said to his sister:

Go for the berries and listen, you will return when I finish working. - With these words, he took out an ax and began to cut a tree.

And the girl took a bucket and went to look for berries. This is just what my brother needed. He hung a log from a tall tree, harnessed his horse, and rode home. And he left the girl in the forest. Here she walks through the forest and listens. The deck sways in the wind and - knock-knock - hits the trunk. It seems to the girl that this is a woodcutter's ax knocking. “My brother is still chopping wood,” she thinks, and calmly continues to pick berries. But now the bucket with the top is filled. Little by little it began to get dark. And then the wind died down. “It can be seen that my brother is going home,” the girl decided and went back. I went to a familiar place, and my brother was gone. She cried, "What am I to do?" and went through the forest. She walked and walked until she got to the edge. And there is a road in the field. She walks along the road, cries and says: “My ball has rolled away, has anyone seen it?” She laments like this, but she cries and cries. He sees a herd of horses grazing ahead. She comes up and says to the shepherd:

My ball rolled away, didn't you see, shepherd?

And the shepherd answers:

Saw. Help me pasture the herd for a day, I'll give you a horse.

The girl agreed. She grazed the herd all day, got a horse and rode further. She goes, and she cries and cries. She rode for a long time, looking - ahead of herd of cows. She pastured the herd all day, and the shepherd gave her a cow for it. And then she met a flock of sheep. And here the girl got a sheep. And there the goat herd appeared. They gave her a goat. Here she rides, rides, it’s already dark, her eyes are stuck together. "What should I do?" - the girl is crying and wailing. Far ahead, a light flickered. She was delighted, thought that this was a village, and let her horse go faster. At the edge of the village stood a small hut. A girl entered it, and there the old woman was sitting alone. It was a Witch-Girl and said to her:

My ball rolled away, didn't you see, grandmother?

And she answers:

How, I saw, my daughter, I saw. Do you keep your way from afar?

The girl told everything that had happened to her. And the witch says:

You, daughter, walked for a long time, you are tired, stay with me to stay.

In the morning she sent the girl to heat the bathhouse. The girl did everything right and came to the old woman:

Grandma, the bath is ready, let's go wash.

Okay, daughter, - the witch answers.

They left the house. The old woman says:

I can't go, baby. Take me by the hands and give me a knee from behind, and bring it.

And the girl replies:

No, grandma, you can't. You are old, you will be offended by me.

They lifted the old woman in her arms and carried her to the bathhouse.

And there the witch again says to her:

Take me, daughter, by the hair and drag me upstairs.

No, granny, - the girl answers, - it’s not good like that, you will be offended, - and carefully seated her on the shelves.

The old woman tells her:

Now beat me, baby. Take a broom by the branches and beat me with all your might.

No, grandmother, you can’t do that, - the girl answers.

She steamed the old woman with a broom, took her into the house and laid her in a soft bed. The sorceress says to her:

Daughter, my head is itching, scratch a little.

The girl brought a comb, looked at the witch's head and gasped: there is gold, silver, pearls, precious stones under every hair. She finished scratching, and the old woman said:

Dance, daughter, I really want to see how you can dance.

The girl danced, but nothing fell on the floor. The old woman gives a new assignment:

Go to the bathhouse, daughter, I hung a tray of malt there to dry. See if the malt is dry.

The girl went to the bathhouse, looked into the tray, and there was gold, silver, pearls, corals, precious stones - apparently, invisible. She ran to the old woman.

And she asks:

Is it dry, baby?

It's dry, grandma.

All right, - says the old woman, - well, now dance one more time.

The girl danced, and again nothing woke up on the floor. The old woman understood that the girl was as truthful as she was kind, and said:

And now, daughter, if you want, you can go home.

I would return, grandmother, - the girl answers, - but I don’t know the way.

The old woman says to this:

Go, daughter, I will show you the way, if you do not know. Take this green box with you. Just don't open it until you get home.

The girl took the chest, thanked the old woman, got on the horse and set off on the path, and led the cow, sheep and goat behind her on a rope. The day has passed, the night has passed, she has come a long way, and now the village is just around the corner.

And my brother had a dog. How she began to yelp and say: “They thought they would die from the world, and be a rich girl, yap-yap!” Her brother and his wife are listening and talking: “What is this with the dog? She got mad, no way, ”They rushed to beat the dog with a stick, and she knows her own insistence:“ They thought to live with the world, and be a rich girl! Whoop! And then the girl came along. She entered the house, opened the chest, looked, and could not believe her eyes: it was filled to the brim with gold, silver, and precious stones!

Since then, the girl has lived comfortably, and her brother and wife have lost their rest from envy. They decided to take their sister to the forest too. She also took a ball with a bucket and went with her brother. In the dense forest, the brother unharnessed the horse and let it graze, while he himself began to chop wood. A girl went with a bucket for berries. In the meantime, her brother, like the first time, hung a log from a tree and went home. The girl, having ceased to hear the sound of the ax, came to her brother, but he was gone.

The girl went through the forest, saying: “My ball has rolled away, has anyone seen it?” She walked like this until she came across a herd of horses.

My ball rolled away, didn't you see it? she asked the shepherd.

I saw, help me pasture the herd, I'll give you a horse.

What do I need your horse for? - said the girl and went on.

She passed by a herd of cows, passed a herd of sheep. So the goat herd is left behind. She walked and walked until, like her sister, she came across a witch's hut.

My ball rolled away, didn’t you see, grandmother? she asked as she entered the house.

And the old woman replies:

How did you see it. Go, daughter, heat the bathhouse.

And then he says:

Now, my daughter, let's go wash. Take my hands and give me a knee from behind, and bring me to the bath.

Okay, grandma. - The girl did just that, took her by the hands and kicked her ...