Read expressively the description of the counselor’s portrait and what words. "Captain's daughter"

Chapter "Counselor" from the story "The Captain's Daughter"

I'm going to class

Evgeniy PRIYMA

Evgeny Anatolyevich PRIYMA (1956) - teacher of Russian language and literature of secondary school No. 2 in Dorogobuzh, Smolensk region, Honored Teacher of Russia.

Chapter "Counselor" from the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Lesson - “immersion”. 8th grade

Two roads

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So, together with our students, we set off on the road, where unusual tests await us. Or rather, not us, but the hero of the story Pushkin and his faithful servant Savelich (remember Don Quixote and Sancho Panza - his faithful squire; however, unlike Sancho, Savelich does not have weapons, but money and property).

The hero leaves Home to find himself in the big world.

In what sense do you think I used the word “Home” and why would I write it with a capital letter? (A house is a symbol of a certain structure of life, stable and reliable.)

What kind of life did Petrusha Grinev lead in his house?

Sooner or later, we all leave our parents' home to build our own Home. Obviously, the moment has come for the main character when he must go in search of his own Home. Looking ahead, answer me, will he find it? Your answer “yes” will now help us determine the main line of the hero’s life path: from the parental home through life’s trials (temptations, seductions) to his home.

I think this motive is not new for you. Let's turn to the “eternal” book (the Bible) and find a similar story about the departure of a son from his father’s house. This is the story of a lost son. It turns out that Pushkin interprets this biblical story in his own way. “In your own way” - what does it mean? (Students identify the distinctive features of both stories. There - by their own will, here - by the will of the father, by necessity (age); there - losses, here - gains: honor, dignity, love; there - repentance (sin), here - affirmation yourself in your new life, in your home.)

After this, we directly turn to Pushkin’s story.

A nobleman, a “little child,” an undergrowth, with his father’s “take care of your honor from a young age,” sets off to experience a new life: “...Let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder...” Next, together with the students, we draw up a diagram of Grinev’s road. (The students first compiled it at home.) After this, they are asked to answer the following question:

Do you think the word “road” in this story is used only in its literal meaning or does it also have a figurative meaning?

The students' positive response guides our future work. We are trying to determine the semantic field of the figurative meaning of the word “road”: the road of life, “the path of life”, “the road to happiness”, “the road of honor”, “to get lost along the road of life”.

Which of these definitions most suits our hero? (“Road of Honor”)

This means that the road for the hero is not only movement on the ground, but also evidence of his movement through life. And it (the road), as you remember, began with a not very pleasant event: in a road tavern, the hero loses money to Captain Zurin, playing billiards with him: “The more often I sipped from my glass, the more courageous I became,” “I behaved like a boy who has broken free.” It seems that the hero was slightly “drunk” not only from the punch, but also from the will. What is not the path of the “lost son”: play, wine, carelessness, extravagance, fun. Is not it? (The students do not agree. The lost son himself wanted to “taste a taste for another life,” and our hero turned out to be a victim of deception, seduction, temptation, seduction on the part of Captain Zurin - as a tempting demon.) This means that a lot depends on who will be next to you when you take your first independent steps on the road of life.

The hero is “justified”, from the point of view of the students, by his sincere regret and repentance: “I was ashamed,” “I felt guilty,” “all this tormented me.”

However, you must agree that the first road test is not in Petrusha’s favor. He succumbed to temptation, could not resist, could not stand it.

So we move on. The road is boring, dull, monotonous. Steppe. No road impressions. Such a road, as a rule, lulls you to sleep and evokes not entirely pleasant thoughts and feelings. The hero thinks about his own things, he certainly wants to make amends to Savelich. Why? Remember, Savelich is not only the custodian of the hero’s money and belongings, but also performs another function. Which one? (After some confusion, the students still find the answer: he replaces his father on the road - “father”.) And “sad deserts stretched around me, crossed by hills and ravines.” The leisurely narrative seems to convey to us the feeling of an endless, monotonous road.

Now attention: we will need special vigilance. Pushkin would not be Pushkin if he continued in the same tone. Pushkin's prose is dynamic. Without an event, without an “accident”, without an adventure, it is impossible. There is such an event in this chapter. Do you know him. But I’m interested in something else: one word warns us about this event, is its signal, a sign, a key to it. What is this word? That's right, the word “suddenly”. This is where it all begins. What exactly? Let's think about it.

The event that will become the main one for the protagonist will determine his future fate, that is, it will become fateful for him - “a meeting with a counselor” (a counselor is a guide showing the way).

Now let’s “immerse” ourselves in the text of the chapter and see how Pushkin presents this event.

“Suddenly the driver began to look to the side and finally, taking off his hat, turned to me and said: “Master, would you order me to turn back?” What was causing the driver anxiety? - “And there, there: this is a cloud.” It turns out that it is a harbinger of a snowstorm. How did Grinev and Savelich react to this?

Old, experienced, cautious Savelich “advised to go back” (worldly wisdom).

Ardent, reckless from the intoxication of his youth, Grinev “ordered to go quickly.”

Which one was right? What prompted Grinev to make this decision?

Take note of this question, and then we will try to find an answer to it. In the meantime: “Meanwhile, the wind became stronger hour by hour. The cloud turned into a white cloud, which rose heavily, grew and gradually covered the sky. It began to snow lightly and suddenly fell in flakes. The wind howled: it became a blizzard. In an instant, the dark sky mixed with the snowy sea. Everything has disappeared.”

So, the storm began. Darkness, whirlwind, ferocity.

What is a snowstorm as a natural phenomenon?

This is something spontaneous, unpredictable, uncontrollable. Man is powerless in front of him. Buran rules over him. No one is able to subjugate him. A person can only hide and wait for its end, because a snowstorm has the ability to quickly, unexpectedly begin (remember - a “little white cloud”) and end just as quickly. But what, tell me, should a person do if he finds himself in the grip of a snowstorm in the middle of a bare, defenseless plain? Probably, a snowstorm would mean certain death for him then. Obviously, the same would have happened with Grinev (this is the result of his rash decision: take a risk, maybe it will pass). However…
In Pushkin, a counselor, a guide, appears from a snowstorm. Like salvation, like a gift of fate, like a test of fate. Pushkin brilliantly describes the “appearance” of a counselor in distress who is in distress. (Students compare the description of the counselor’s appearance with the description of a snowstorm.)

There is no road, it has disappeared, there is darkness all around, the storm has become a wall. “Suddenly I saw something black.” Again - “suddenly”. A sign of a meeting, isn't it?

Coachman: “...A cart is not a cart, a tree is not a tree, but it seems to be moving. It must be either a wolf or a man.” Then “something black”, “a wolf or a man” becomes “in two minutes” a person (cloud-storm).

And not just a person, but a person who stands on a solid strip, to whom these places are well known (“trodden and traveled far and wide”).

So, the meeting took place. They met - now Pushkin will lead us along two roads - Grinev and Pugachev. Here, in the steppe, in a snowstorm, their roads crossed, crossed, intertwined. For Grinev, the meeting with the counselor is fateful, because it will affect his entire future life in the story, determine his character, behavior, personality, and we know that later they will meet more than once, but their main meeting is here, in the snowstorm.

Don’t you think that it was no coincidence that Pushkin “led” his Pugachev out of the snowstorm? Is there something symbolic in this phenomenon of Pugachev?

(Students easily answer that the snowstorm symbolizes the elements, whirlwind, confusion, “the uprising of nature.” It contains freedom, freedom, rebellion. The same is in the minds of Pushkin and Pugachev, and so is “Pugachevism” in his image. The Cossack element that broke free, which knows no measure, no pity, sweeping away everything in its path.)

Let's return to the text. The counselor, who knows these places well, asks Grinev to take him to his accommodation for the night. “I told the coachman to go.” Grinev obeys. He feels that here, in the steppe, he is the master, the “roadman,” for he knows the way. “His composure encouraged me,” “His sharpness and subtlety of instinct amazed me” - these are already touches to the portrait of Pugachev. Then there will be others. But the portrait began to emerge and become clearer (it is no coincidence that Pushkin gives these details). They contain the grain of Pugachev’s character. He came completely out of the snowstorm, out of the free elements, and these features that Grinev noticed in him reveal another side of Pugachev - he is all from the people. On the road, Grinev has a dream. Remember? “I had a dream that I could never forget and in which I still see something prophetic when I consider the strange circumstances of my life.” Grinev himself calls his dream “prophetic.”

Students answer the question about what seemed unusual to them in this dream.

(First of all, the “transformation” of Pugachev, here he is a “man with a black beard”, into a “father”, “a jailed father”.)

We are working with the dictionary, finding out the meaning of the words “imprisoned father,” from whom Petrusha must ask for a blessing. An ax that a man was swinging, and a room that was filled with dead bodies. “I tripped over bodies and slid in bloody puddles.”

What happens? Petrusha now has three priests: his dear one, Savelich and the “man with a black beard”? And all of them, in their own way, fill his life with a certain meaning, influence him, help him on his life’s path.

The ax and blood are a harbinger of those bloody events that the hero will witness in the elements of “Pugachevism”.

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. Audiobook

...Suddenly I saw something black. “Hey, coachman! - I shouted, “look: what’s black there?” The coachman began to peer closely. “God knows, master,” he said, sitting down in his place, “a cart is not a cart, a tree is not a tree, but it seems that it is moving. It must be either a wolf or a man." I ordered to go towards an unfamiliar object, which immediately began to move towards us. Two minutes later we caught up with the man. “Hey, good man! - the coachman shouted to him. “Tell me, do you know where the road is?”

- The road is here; “I’m standing on a solid strip,” answered the roadie, “but what’s the point?”

“Listen, little man,” I told him, “do you know this side?” Will you undertake to take me to my lodging for the night?

“The side is familiar to me,” answered the traveler, “thank God, it’s well-trodden and traveled far and wide.” Look what the weather is like: you’ll just lose your way. It’s better to stop here and wait, maybe the storm will subside and the sky will clear: then we’ll find our way by the stars.

His composure encouraged me. I had already decided, surrendering myself to God’s will, to spend the night in the middle of the steppe, when suddenly the roadman quickly sat down on the beam and said to the coachman: “Well, thank God, he lived not far away; turn right and go."

- Why should I go to the right? – the driver asked with displeasure. -Where do you see the road? Probably: the horses are strangers, the collar is not yours, don’t stop driving. “The coachman seemed right to me.” “Really,” I said, “why do you think that they lived not far away?” “But because the wind blew away from here,” answered the roadman, “and I heard the smell of smoke; know the village is close." His intelligence and subtlety of instinct amazed me. I told the coachman to go. The horses tramped heavily through the deep snow. The wagon moved quietly, now driving onto a snowdrift, now collapsing into a ravine and rolling over to one side or the other. It was like sailing a ship on a stormy sea. Savelich groaned, constantly pushing against my sides. I lowered the mat, wrapped myself in a fur coat and dozed off, lulled by the singing of the storm and the rolling of the quiet ride.

<…>I woke up; the horses stood; Savelich tugged at my hand, saying: “Come out, sir: we’ve arrived.”

-Where have you arrived? – I asked, rubbing my eyes.

- To the inn. The Lord helped, we ran straight into a fence. Come out, sir, quickly and warm yourself up.

I left the wagon. The storm still continued, although with less force. It was so dark that you could put out your eyes. The owner met us at the gate, holding a lantern under his skirt, and led me into the room, cramped, but quite clean; a torch illuminated her. A rifle and a tall Cossack hat hung on the wall.

The owner, a Yaik Cossack by birth, seemed to be a man of about sixty, still fresh and vigorous. Savelich brought the cellar behind me and demanded a fire to prepare tea, which I never seemed to need so much. The owner went to do some work.

- Where is the counselor? – I asked Savelich. “Here, your honor,” the voice from above answered me. I looked at the Polati and saw a black beard and two sparkling eyes. “What, brother, are you cold?” - “How not to vegetate in one skinny armyak! There was a sheepskin coat, but let’s be honest? I laid the evening at the kisser’s: the frost did not seem too great.” At that moment the owner came in with a boiling samovar; I offered our counselor a cup of tea; the man got off the floor. His appearance seemed remarkable to me: he was about forty, average height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed streaks of gray; the lively big eyes kept darting around. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. The hair was cut into a circle; he was wearing a tattered overcoat and Tatar trousers. I brought him a cup of tea; he tasted it and winced. “Your Honor, do me such a favor - order me to bring a glass of wine; tea is not our Cossack drink.” I willingly fulfilled his wish. The owner took a damask and a glass out of the stall, walked up to him and, looking into his face: “Ehe,” he said, “you’re in our land again!” Where did God bring it?” My counselor blinked significantly and answered with a saying: “He flew into the garden, pecked hemp; Grandmother threw a pebble - yes, it missed. Well, what about yours?”

- Yes, ours! - the owner answered, continuing the allegorical conversation. “They started ringing for vespers, but the priest didn’t say: the priest is visiting, the devils are in the graveyard.”

“Be quiet, uncle,” my tramp objected, “there will be rain, there will be fungi; and if there are fungi, there will be a body. And now (here he blinked again) put the ax behind your back: the forester is walking. Your honor! For your health!" - With these words, he took the glass, crossed himself and drank in one breath. Then he bowed to me and returned to the floor.

I couldn’t understand anything from this thieves’ conversation at the time; but later I guessed that it was about the affairs of the Yaitsky army, which at that time had just been pacified after the riot of 1772.

<…>Waking up quite late in the morning, I saw that the storm had subsided. The sun was shining. The snow lay in a dazzling veil on the vast steppe. The horses were harnessed. I paid the owner, who took such a reasonable payment from us that even Savelich did not argue with him and did not bargain as usual, and yesterday’s suspicions were completely erased from his mind. I called the counselor, thanked him for his help and told Savelich to give him half a ruble for vodka. Savelich frowned. “Half a ruble for vodka! - he said, - what is this for? Because you deigned to give him a ride to the inn? It's your choice, sir: we don't have any extra fifty. If you give everyone vodka, you’ll soon have to starve.” I couldn't argue with Savelich. The money, according to my promise, was at his complete disposal. I was annoyed, however, that I could not thank the person who rescued me, if not from trouble, then at least from a very unpleasant situation. “Okay,” I said coolly, “if you don’t want to give half a rouble, then take him something from my dress. He is dressed too lightly. Give him my rabbit sheepskin coat."

- Have mercy, Father Pyotr Andreich! - said Savelich. - Why does he need your hare sheepskin coat? He will drink it, the dog, in the first tavern.

“This, old lady, is not your sadness,” said my tramp, “whether I drink or not.” His nobility grants me a fur coat from his shoulder: it is his lordly will, and it is your serf’s business not to argue and obey.

- You are not afraid of God, robber! - Savelich answered him in an angry voice. “You see that the child doesn’t understand yet, and you’re glad to rob him, for the sake of his simplicity.” Why do you need a master's sheepskin coat? You won’t even put it on your damned shoulders.

“Please don’t be smart,” I told my uncle, “now bring the sheepskin coat here.”

- Lord, master! - my Savelich groaned. – The hare sheepskin coat is almost brand new! and it would be good for anyone, otherwise it’s a naked drunkard!

However, the hare sheepskin coat appeared. The man immediately began trying it on. In fact, the sheepskin coat that I had grown out of was a little narrow for him. However, he somehow managed to put it on, tearing it apart at the seams. Savelich almost howled when he heard the threads crackle. The tramp was extremely pleased with my gift. He walked me to the tent and said with a low bow: “Thank you, your honor! God reward you for your virtue. I will never forget your mercies." - He went in his direction, and I went further, not paying attention to Savelich’s annoyance, and soon forgot about yesterday’s blizzard, about my counselor and about the hare’s sheepskin coat.