Belarusian idea”, traditions of national culture and patriotism.

Motherland. Fatherland. Motherland. Motherland is our land, native nature, our society, it is not only the flesh, but also the culture, the spirit of the people.

Love for the motherland is one of the most beautiful and noble feelings of a person. From the first moments of life, the baby develops love for the mother. Further, he learns about relatives and friends, home, land, is brought up on the customs and customs of his people, the melody of his songs, the beauty of his native nature. Francysk Skaryna noted that "people, where they were born and raised, to that place great love have." From here, from the "small motherland", come the origins of love for the Motherland. In the process of education, upbringing and labor activity a person from sensory perception of native places and close people passes to awareness mother tongue, culture, traditions and customs of the people, their accomplishments and, finally, to active service to them and to the cause of the prosperity of their beloved Motherland.

The concepts of "Motherland", "Fatherland", "Fatherland" are the same in meaning. The words "Fatherland" and "Fatherland" are more emotionally sublime and are more often used in cases where we are talking about protection. True love to the Motherland does not depend on the greatness, wealth or well-being of the country, this love is selfless and pure. A person who loves his Motherland is proud of it, rejoices at achievements or grieves at failures, in every possible way contributes to its prosperity and will never leave it in trouble.

Republic of Belarus. Our Motherland is the Republic of Belarus. Its territory stretches over 207.6 thousand km2 and is geographically divided into rural and urban administrative-territorial regions, which are included in six regions (Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, Minsk and Mogilev). The expanses of Belarus, its fields and forests, rivers and lakes, are extraordinarily diverse, generous and beautiful. big cities and small villages.

The greatest value in our country is people. According to the 1999 census, the population of the republic was 10 million people. The characteristic features of the Belarusian people are their diligence and kindness. Our people know how to work well, have a nice rest and defend themselves courageously. The Republic of Belarus is not mono-ethnic: in it, in addition to the indigenous people - Belarusians, a significant part is made up of Russians, as well as Poles, Ukrainians, Jews, and representatives of other nationalities. All of them are one people of Belarus. The stability of society and the power of the state depend on the strength of this unity.

Belarus has inherited, carefully preserves and increases its spiritual values. Our people sacredly honors the historical past, traditions and customs of their ancestors, respects religions, develops culture, science, education, literature and art.

The people of Belarus have chosen their own path of development, adopted their own Constitution, which creates conditions for democracy and civil harmony, free and worthy development of the individual. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus declares a person to be the highest value of society, and guarantees for the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens - the highest goal of the state. State power in the republic is exercised on the basis of its division into legislative, executive and judicial. The President of the Republic of Belarus is the head of state, the guarantor of the Constitution, human and civil rights and freedoms.

The Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state has its own symbols: the State Flag, the State Emblem and the State Anthem.

The capital of Belarus is the city of Minsk. It arose and grew up at the intersection of the formidable roads of history. Many times it was destroyed and burned by foreigners, ruined by internecine wars of princes. For one thousand one hundred days the city was plundered and turned into ruins by the German fascists, but the hero city fought and won. Minsk has revived. The ancient and young city lives, grows, prettier.

The defense of the Republic of Belarus is the duty and sacred duty of its citizens. Our history has left many examples of selfless love, devotion and faithful service to the Motherland, selflessness, courage and heroism shown in the defense of the Fatherland. In this story - the honor, glory and valor of our ancestors.

The legislation of the Republic of Belarus provides for the nationwide nature of the defense of the state. This means that the economy, political and social life of the country, all its resources and capabilities in the event of military aggression should be directed in the necessary and sufficient amount to curb it. Men and women, regardless of their age, political, religious or other beliefs; plants, factories, collective farms, farms and firms, regardless of their forms of management and ownership; science, culture, art - everything should work for defense, everything should contribute to the defense of the republic. The direct armed defense of the Republic of Belarus is entrusted to men, in Peaceful time passing military service by conscription or contract, military service in the reserve, and in wartime defending their Fatherland by mobilization.

The defense of the Fatherland has always been the lot of men, the military deeds of soldiers were especially revered by the people and the state. Fulfilling the duty to defend the Fatherland, the soldiers enter into battle with the enemy, risking their lives. Here the highest level of morality is manifested: the readiness to give one's life for the sake of saving relatives and friends, one's home, land, people, Fatherland, in fulfillment of one's civic duty. In the book "Memories and Reflections" Marshal G.K. Zhukov wrote: "Many times I have seen how the soldiers rose to the attack. It is not easy: to rise in height when the air is pierced by deadly metal. But they rose!"

On peaceful days, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, recruited on the basis of military duty and voluntary

entering military service under a contract, improve their military skills. The work of a soldier is not easy, his life is harsh, physical exercise are great, but it is all this that forms the moral and combat qualities of warriors, predetermines their success in battle.

citizenship and patriotism. Citizenship is a conscious and deeply developed sense the need to adequately fulfill the duties of a citizen of their country.

Patriotism in society is traditionally understood as loyalty and love for one's Fatherland, for one's people. Patriotism is the highest degree of citizenship, expressed in vigorous activity for the benefit of the beloved Motherland. From time immemorial, patriotic feelings have been born, carefully preserved and honored among the Belarusian people, reflecting their interests in the conciliar defense of their home, land, and Fatherland. In the images of heroes heroic epic the heroism and courage of the people, their steadfastness and fiery patriotism are reflected.

The basis of patriotism in the Republic of Belarus is:

the presence of a single and alienable territory of the Republic of Belarus with its people, historical and cultural property worthy of their preservation, development and protection;

the presence of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, which guarantees the construction and improvement of a democratic social and legal state;

the presence of the state symbols of the Republic of Belarus, which expresses truly folk traditions, has national historical roots and corresponds to the modern development of our Motherland;

the unity of the people, regardless of the ethnic and ideological heterogeneity of society;

commitment of the Republic of Belarus to universal values ​​and awareness of itself as a full-fledged subject of the world community.

All this defines the patriotism of the Republic of Belarus as nationwide, devoid of any territorial, national, economic, political, religious or other claims or ambitions, aimed at improving and protecting its democratic constitutional state.

Memory of the people and awards of the Motherland. The Belarusian people remember and honor their outstanding representatives of science, culture, art, people's educators, public and political figures. A special place in the memory of the people is occupied by the faithful sons and daughters of the Belarusian land, who, not sparing their lives, with weapons in their hands, won and defended the national independence, honor and freedom of the Motherland.

Hundreds of obelisks, monuments, stelae and monuments to the courageous defenders of the Fatherland have been erected on the outskirts of villages and in the centers of cities, on busy highways and among the silence of the cemetery. In the center of our capital, a Belarusian state museum history of the Great Patriotic War, and in the city of Brest, a museum-memorial to the defenders of the Brest Fortress was built, which was awarded the title of "Hero-Fortress". On the outskirts of the hero city of Minsk, the mound of Glory was poured by the hands of a grateful people, and in the center of the capital an obelisk rises majestically in honor of the victory of the unconquered Belarusian people over German fascism. In many cities of Belarus, the Eternal Flame of Glory has been lit, Watches of Memory have been organized, hundreds of museums of military glory have been created and operate in the republic. It is difficult to find a settlement in Belarus that does not have a street, a square or a school bearing the name of the defender of our Motherland. Paying tribute to the courage, courage and selflessness shown in the defense of the Fatherland and the performance of military service duties, the Motherland awards deserving orders and medals.

The highest order in the Republic of Belarus is the Order of the Fatherland (three degrees). Orders were also established Military Glory, "For service to the Motherland" (three degrees), "For personal courage", as well as medals "For courage", "For distinction in military service", "For distinction in the protection of public order", "For distinction in the protection of the state border" and "For impeccable service" (three degrees).

The highest degree of distinction in the Republic of Belarus is the title "Hero of Belarus", which is awarded for outstanding services to the state and people associated with a feat accomplished in the name of freedom, independence and prosperity of the Republic of Belarus. Persons awarded the title "Hero of Belarus" are awarded a sign of special distinction - the medal of the Hero of Belarus.

Are our young patriots? What is patriotism for young Belarusians today? Participants tried to find answers to these and other questions round table at the AiF press center.

Members:

	Alexander METLA, internationalist warrior, reserve colonel, director charitable foundation"Memory of Afghanistan"
	Ales PLOTKO, press secretary of the campaign "Let's be Belarusians!"
	Andrey SHUBADEROV, head of the military news agency"Vayar", specialist of the Ministry of Defense in the field of creating and launching promising information projects
	Olga PAVLOVSKAYA, Leading Research Fellow, Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

• "AiF": What is "patriotism" from a scientific point of view? Has this concept been transformed in comparison with the 70-80s of the 20th century?

Olga Pavlovskaya (O.P.): Patriotism is one of the most important moral qualities of a person, which expresses his involvement in his Motherland, people, state, history and culture, manifests his ability to participate in joint actions for the benefit of society, readiness to uphold and protect social foundations and national interests.

Naturally, depending on what time a person lives, what problems he is concerned about, the concept of patriotism is filled with different content. IN Soviet time the concept of "patriotism" was quite stable. The whole system of education and upbringing clearly worked on the formation of this quality in a person. Transitional conditions of the end of XX - early XXI centuries left their mark on the formation of the concept of patriotism. Therefore, new accents appeared in its content.

Today, this concept is filled with more specific content related to the personal life of a person, his circle of communication, with everything that is close and dear to him. This can be confirmed by the results of sociological research on the problem of the value orientations of young people. In the hierarchy of value preferences, such values ​​as family and children, health, friends, love have the highest rating. The values ​​of "life wisdom", "self-improvement", "knowledge of the world", "Motherland", which are more abstract in nature, are not yet sufficiently actualized in the minds of modern young people. However, the fact that the traditional values ​​of family, love, and friendship are brought to the fore should be positively assessed, since they are basic for the formation of a sense of patriotism among modern young people.

It should be emphasized that today there is whole line problems of a moral and educational nature, the solution of which must be paid attention to and the efforts of state and public structures should be directed, including the solution of the problem of patriotic education of the Belarusian youth.

• AiF: What is patriotism for you?

Andrey Shubaderov (A.Sh.): Patriotism cannot be taught. He is brought up in a family. Patriotism is the subordination of one's private interests to the interests of the Motherland. On the other hand, we must understand that the Motherland is all of us. The achievements and successes of the country are our common achievements. I often have to communicate with young people. It cannot be said that they are not patriots. They are just different. It is enough for them to improve themselves and benefit their country with work, knowledge, etc.

Alexander Metla (A.M.): The concept of patriotism is closely connected with military-patriotic education. If we do not talk about it, it is forgotten.

We often have to argue with the assertions that military-patriotic education is supposedly a merit of the communist system. Then I always ask the question: “Did the trade unions, the Komsomol, exist in 1812? No. But the people rose up with pitchforks and rakes to defend their country. If you love your family, home, homeland, then you unwittingly become a member important events. If your family is in danger, you must protect it. That's what patriotism is about."

Pacifism prevails among modern youth today. But this does not mean that they have no interest in the military events of the past. Our the main task- not to criticize, but, starting from kindergarten, to work on instilling a sense of patriotism among young people. At school, teachers should not “drill in”, but remind the children of patriotism. We need to make sure that they have an interest in this topic.

Ales Plotko (A.P.): Patriotism is not only love for the motherland, but also love for one's people. And our people are different. It is important to understand that we are all one people. But we are a “unique” nation: Belarusians do not want to be active. According to our research, if you ask a Belarusian about his national characteristics, he replies that we are “pamyarkovy » people. At the same time, to the question: “What kind of person are you?” each answered: "I am an active citizen of my country." It turns out a paradox. We say that the nation is something passive, and I myself am an active person. We have a problem of isolation of a person from society. Many need to learn to love their people. And this is an important part of patriotism.

• "AiF": It's no secret that young people in the first place is the material component. Accordingly, many spiritual values, including patriotism, fade into the background ...

A.P.: It really is. Young people are forced to live in such conditions. It's not their choice. Such a time.

A.Sh.: Why do young people strive for material well-being? To improve myself. A young man will be able to build a house, raise children - future citizens of our country. This is also an element of patriotism.

By the way, for the first time in the concept of National Security, one interesting thing was noted: in the military sphere, one of the internal threats is a decrease in the feeling of patriotism. Today it is not necessary to separate patriotic and military-patriotic education. It turns out that the army educates patriots. What are the rest doing? It doesn't matter who you are: a military man, a journalist or a miner. If a person works for the good of his Motherland, then he is a patriot.

O.P.: According to the results of many sociological studies, these values ​​are highly valued by young people, but the first positions, as I have already said, are given to the values ​​of family, love, friendship, which are classified as spiritual.

From the point of view of ensuring national security, it must be said that at present there are much more serious problems in the youth environment: the spread of drug addiction, alcohol abuse, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, a pronounced decline in morals, etc. - they are latent in nature and can be regarded as an internal threat capable of undermining social foundations and destabilizing the socio-political situation. All this actualizes the problems of activating and increasing the effectiveness of moral and educational and cultural and educational work among young people.

The theoretical understanding of these problems and the development of practical recommendations for their solution are reflected in the collective monograph “Spiritual and Moral Values ​​in the Formation of Modern Man” prepared by our scientists (Minsk, “Belarusian Science”, 2011, 451 p.). In this work, special attention is also paid to the problem of education of citizenship and patriotism, which should become a key direction in the system of ideological work in our republic.

• AiF: The Ministry of Defense is actively using modern technologies in the military-patriotic education of young people. Do you have Feedback with youth?

A.Sh.: Today, you can get through to the guys with a history textbook only if you hit them in the head. Social networks, computer games - that's what they live for. We have found such a way through computer games. Games "IL-2" Sturmovik", "World of Tanks", "Bagration" require huge amount applied knowledge. For example, in order to fly an airplane, you need to know its structure, weapons, characteristics, tactics, etc. During the time that we are engaged in popularizing computer games in the interests of the military-patriotic education of the pre-conscription training of young people, I can confidently say: playing such games, a guy becomes a patriot.

• AiF: Ales, your video about history has become very popular on the Internet. Does knowledge of history help to instill love for the motherland?

A.P.: Young people - it's a fact - read very little. They are on the Internet in social networks, on the forums. The most important thing for those who want to talk to young people is to live the life of young people, to understand how they think. When the cartoon “Belarusian!” was created, the task was to make popular Efrosinya Polotskaya, Vitovt, Skaryna, Boris Kit and other people, without whom Belarus simply would not exist. Therefore, it was decided to embody the idea entirely modern means- hip-hop narrative plus animation.

• "AiF": How do young people today relate to the events of the Great Patriotic War? Does she understand what veterans have done for us all?

O.P.: The Great Patriotic War is moving further and further away from us in time, but this cannot in the least diminish its significance for the existence of the Belarusian people, society, and state. The memory of this war, the great victory is becoming the most important spiritual value for our people. For me personally, although I belong to the post-war generation, this war left an indelible mark on my mind. This and a very distinct childish sense of danger new war, and the memories of many participants in military events with whom I personally met, and school museum military and labor glory, in which I conducted excursions, and partisan dugouts, trenches, weapons and other attributes of military life. As an echo of this war, I still remember the death of a boy from a parallel class, who found an unexploded shell in the forest, brought it to school and exploded right in the classroom.

Of course, the modern young generation, due to objective reasons, has very weak, vague ideas about the past war. I remember one incident that I witnessed. A couple of years ago, on May 8, after a solemn meeting at the Palace of the Republic, veterans entered bus No. 100. The young man was sitting at the very entrance, listening to music on headphones and did not react in any way to the elderly people standing nearby. Passengers began to resent, made comments to him. Only after that, with obvious reluctance and disdain, did he give way. But the veteran refused to sit down: hurt his sense of pride and dignity. It was a shame for this young man. It would seem that this is a separate case, which speaks of the poor upbringing of this guy, but at the same time, a certain attitude in the youth environment towards the elderly, the older generation is expressed in his face. Today, there is a growing gap between generations. It shouldn't be. The continuity of generations is one of the main laws of the spiritual and moral development of the individual, society and the state.

A.Sh: Parents are responsible for their children, who did not instill these qualities in them. If every Victory Day a child gave a carnation to a veteran, he will remember it for the rest of his life.

A.P.: My understanding of the Second World War is entirely built on the opinions of two people whose authority for me is unshakable. The first is my grandfather Fedor, a partisan. He took the war very simply. He never made an ideology out of it and did not believe in propaganda. He never watched films about the war: he said that everything that was shown there was “brahny”. I believe this man. They lived like that. I respect these people. The second person is the soldier Vasil Bykov, who wrote about the war all his life. “Having won the victory, we did not get freedom,” I have nothing to add to these words about the significance of the Second World War for Belarusians.

A.M.: War is very multifaceted. You can't judge her by one movie or series. Millions participated in it, and everyone has their own vision, their own story.

A.Sh.: For most people who went through the war, it is hard to remember it. But it is necessary to make an ideology out of the Great Patriotic War. But just do not impose, but correctly say that everything must be done so that such a war does not happen again.

O.P.: Speaking about the patriotic education of today's youth, it is important to combine traditional forms and means with new information technologies. As for military computer games, the emphasis is still placed on the word “military”, and this, naturally, in the mind of a person is associated with the manifestation of cruelty, violence, aggression, and death of people. I note that today too much violence and cruelty comes from the TV screen. Getting used to violence in the virtual world, a young person can unwittingly transfer it to the real world.

Today we live in peacetime, therefore, in patriotic education, it is necessary to pay serious attention to those forms and means of educational influence that allow young people to properly realize their abilities in studies, profession, creativity, and family life. And, of course, you should always remember last war, about the feat of the people, about the huge human price that had to be paid for peace and a quiet life. War is always scary, despite its various forms, including modern ones - informational, psychological, economic, etc.

traditions of the armed forces of the republic of belarus
Questions:

1. 
   The centuries-old traditions of the Belarusian people are a source of courage and patriotism of its armed forces.
2. 
   Combat traditions of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
3. 
   Traditions associated with military rituals.

Introduction

All of them, as a concentration of military experience passed down from generation to generation, first of all, are an alloy of the epic, folk heroic past and new forms, rules, customs of the fight against the enemies of the Fatherland.

Today, more than ever, the combat traditions of the armed forces are of particular importance for ensuring the country's defense capability. At present, the ideological pressure on Belarus is unprecedented. An undeclared psychological war is being waged against us.

The ideology of the Belarusian state did not arise from scratch. It must be considered as the result of the mentality of the Slavic peoples and those historical events that determined the Slavic mentality. That is why, in an attempt to destroy us as a state, purposeful work is being carried out to falsify our history and destroy our traditions.

You can understand this if you remember the words of the President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenka "Cutting us off from historical roots They want to deprive the people of a heroic past and a confident future. They want to take away the great Victory from us.”

The defeat of the army begins in the brains of the military. An army imbued with the spirit of defeat, without pride in its military history, cannot be combat-ready. At the same time, an army confident in its victory can be destroyed, but it is impossible to win.

That is why, today, like a thousand years ago, the tradition of patriotism of the Belarusian armed forces is the most important, if not the determining factor in ensuring the security of the Belarusian state.

In such a situation, it is necessary to return to the origins of the traditions of patriotism of our people. It is based on the historical mentality of the Slavs and Orthodoxy that it is possible and necessary to build a patriotic society.
1

What are the features of the Slavic mentality and how does it differ from the mentality of other peoples? Where does our people have such a deep sense of patriotism? Why does the Belarusian mentality not accept the ideals of Western democracy?

To answer these questions, we must turn to our history. The formation of the way of life of the Slavs was greatly influenced by the Orthodox religion, paganism, which put the will of man in the first place, and historical events, which determined the difference between Orthodoxy and Catholicism.

According to Russian traditions, only conflagrations

Behind our back, sweeping behind,

Comrades were dying before our eyes

In Russian, tearing the shirt on the chest.

In order to comprehend and understand these verses, it is necessary to compare the history of the Slavic tribes with the history Western states. What awaited the Western soldier if his army was defeated in battle? Often he simply went to the service of the winner. The main thing for him was to save his life and preserve those values ​​that he had already accumulated. That is why Europe, having suffered minimal losses, capitulated to fascism. The peoples of Europe were unwilling to sacrifice their lives.

The Russian person had a completely different psychology. For more than 200 years, the Tatars ruled the Russian land. In the first battle on the Kalka River, the Tatars destroyed all the prisoners. If the besieged city surrendered, the entire population, including women and children, was slaughtered in it. Throwing down weapons meant not only to die yourself, but also to give your family to death.

Such cruelty was not accidental. The Tatars were pastoralists and led nomadic image life. They were not able to keep a large army in one place for a long time. And the small nomad camps, stretched across the steppe, were defenseless against the retaliatory strike that was bound to follow after the raid. The Tatars found a simple, effective and terrible way out: the entire population of the captured city was completely destroyed. There was no one to take revenge.

The very existence of the Slavic tribes became questionable. And it is in this critical moment a turning point began to occur in the minds of the Russian people. The Slav began to understand that his personal life could be interrupted at any moment, and in such a situation, the main thing is not material wealth, not his personal well-being, but the continuation of the existence of his very kind. It is from here that patriotism and a heightened sense of justice are born. The Russian man began to understand that he was only a small part of big people. A consciousness began to appear that the absolute value is not wealth, and not even personal life, but the existence of a kind.

This ideology was supported by Orthodoxy, standing at the origins of the formation of our state. To forget your disputes and strife, in the face of terrible danger, for the sake of saving the very existence of the Slavs - this was taught by the Orthodox Church.

Under these conditions, the Belarusian mentality was formed.

From the darkness of time, the first news of the heroic defense of their land, from the hordes of the Huns and the Goths of Attila Polochans, reaches us.

Difficult and dangerous life ancestors of Belarusians - the tribes of Krivichi, Radimich, Polochan, Dregovichi, among lakes, forests and swamps in the most difficult climatic conditions, in hard work on the ground and continuous wars forged famous Belarusian character.

The whole history of the Polotsk land was the history of the struggle for its independence.

Even the first mention of the city of Mensk in 1067 is associated with the battle on the Nemiga River, and the city itself was founded as a fortress.

In the famous battles with the Swedes on the Neva River (1240) and with the German knights on Lake Peipsi (1242), Yakov Polochanin, Gavrila Oleksich, Sbyslav Yakunovich became famous - associates of the great Russian commander Alexander Nevsky, immigrants from the Belarusian land.

Heroism and selflessness were shown by the Belarusian banners in the Battle of Grunwald (1410) with the Teutonic Order. The allies faltered and began to retreat - the Poles, Mongols and Litvinians, but the Teutons did not manage to push the Belarusians a single step. It was thanks to their resilience that they died (the losses were more than 50%) but did not retreat, they managed to defeat the previously invincible Teutonic Order.

Vivid examples of courage and heroism for their freedom and independence were the Cossack-peasant uprising led by Severin Nalivaiko (1595-1596) and the popular uprising against the oppression of the Polish magnates and the Catholic Church led by Bogdan Khmelnitsky, which, along with Ukraine, swept vast regions of Belarus.

The patriotism of the Belarusian population manifested itself in the years Northern war 1700-1721 The famous battle near the village of Lesnoy in the Mogilev region has been forever preserved in the memory of the people. In this battle, the 16,000-strong Swede corps, which was coming from Riga to help the main forces of Charles XII, was utterly defeated. Peter I wrote that the fleeing Swedes "polesie peasants are severely beaten." Peter I called the victory at Lesnaya "the mother of the Poltava battle."

The joint struggle of the Russian and Belarusian peoples against a common enemy in the Patriotic War of 1812 is indicative.

Together with the fraternal Russian people, the Belarusians also rose to the holy war against the enemy invasion.

In July 1812, partisan detachments were active in the forests. The partisan movement gained a particularly wide scope in the Vitebsk province, in the region of Polotsk. So, the detachment, led by the peasant Maxim Makarov, heroically proved himself in two battles for Polotsk. Barclay de Tolly wrote about those days: "... The partisans defended their village from enemy attacks and participated together with the Cossacks in victories over the enemy, and were also in the battle during the storming of the city of Polotsk."

The courage of the Belarusian population is evidenced by the bold and decisive actions of the inhabitants of the Mogilev province. Armed with axes and pitchforks, they, together with Russian soldiers, drove the invaders out of the city. “I ask,” wrote M.I. Kutuzov to the governor of Mogilev, to the inhabitants of the Mogilev province, for their great zeal, to fully declare my gratitude and gratitude. Actively fought against the enemy and the inhabitants of Vitebsk.

The national identity of the Belarusians manifested itself in the struggle against the invaders during the war with bourgeois Poland in 1919-1920

At the same time, a partisan detachment was operating in Polesie, led by the legendary 70-year-old peasant Vasily Talash.

The Great Patriotic War became the hardest test for the Belarusian people. In the first days of the war, exceptionally heavy fighting unfolded on the territory of Belarus, which became the central sector of the Soviet-German front.

The feat of the defenders of the Brest Fortress remained for future generations a brilliant example of loyalty to the Motherland and military duty.

Being surrounded, for more than a month, with amazing heroism, they defended a piece of their native land that had become sacred to them.

The heavy setbacks of the first days of the war did not break the fighting spirit of our soldiers, the will to resist even among the peaceful inhabitants of the republic. The famous epic of the Mogilev defense of 1941 can serve as a vivid confirmation of this. Together with the soldiers and commanders of the 172nd Infantry Division under the command of M.T. Romanov, fighters of the militia units fought shoulder to shoulder, in whose ranks 12 thousand patriots joined.

The Mogilev police battalion, under the command of Captain K.G., fought selflessly against the enemy. Vladimirova. Near the village of Pashkovo and the village of Gai, the militia fought off the fierce attacks of the Nazis for 3 days, repeatedly turning into counterattacks. Of the 250, 19 wounded soldiers remained alive.

Belarusian partisans and underground fighters showed unparalleled courage and stamina in the fight against the fascist invaders.

As A.G. Lukashenko emphasized, “the most important postulate of the ideology of the Belarusian state is patriotism. The world knows Belarus as a partisan republic, and Belarusians as people who are unbending in the fight against the Nazi plague.”

1255 partisan detachments operated on the territory of Belarus, they ensured complete control over 67 percent of the territory of the republic.

374,000 partisans, 70,000 underground workers and 400,000 hidden reserves fought the enemy.

As a result of the combat activities of the partisans, about 500,000 enemy soldiers and officers were killed and wounded, more than 11,000 echelons were blown up, 1,355 tanks and armored vehicles were disabled, and 305 aircraft were destroyed.

For heroic deeds, over 200 thousand partisans were awarded orders and medals, and 74 people were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.

In total, 438 Belarusians and natives of Belarus, who fought on all fronts, participated in the partisan movement, were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Four of them - twice. 65 soldiers of Belarus became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory.

Loyalty to the fighting traditions of the older generations of defenders of the Fatherland lives on today. Self-sacrifice in the name of saving other people, which was made on May 23, 1996 by military pilot Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Karvat, is the norm for our military traditions. So, during a training flight on a Su-27p aircraft, a fire broke out. On the way of the burning plane were the settlements of Arabovshchina and Gatishche. The pilot took the car to the side and, at the cost own life, did not allow it to fall in the village. For courage and heroism shown in the performance of military duty, VN Karvat was awarded the title of Hero of the Republic of Belarus (posthumously).

The same self-sacrifice was made in 1999 by a cadet of the combined arms department of the Military Academy D.B. Gvishiani while rescuing the passengers of the Brest-Minsk train. By decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus, he was posthumously awarded the Order "For Personal Courage".

Military traditions are the observance of the rules, customs and norms of behavior of military personnel that have historically developed in the army and navy and are passed down from generation to generation, related to the performance of combat missions and the performance of military service.

Military traditions are of great importance for the spirit of the army. The more noble they are, the stronger they are connected with the national character of the people, the more the combat experience of the army is imprinted in them, the more they strengthen the armed forces.

Traditions are not only history and spiritual relics of the past. This is a powerful weapon, forged and honed in the struggle for honor, freedom and independence. It still serves the cause of the formation and education of courageous and staunch defenders of the Motherland.

Over the centuries, the glorious fighting traditions of our army have been formed. Many commanders and commanders, officers and generals perfectly understood the importance of military traditions and constantly cultivated them.

The most important kind of traditions of the armed forces are combat traditions. They can be divided into:

1. 
   General (loyalty to the Motherland, readiness to defend it, loyalty to the oath, military partnership, cult of the Banner, honorary names of units, military parades);
2. 
   Combat (protection of the commander in battle, self-sacrifice, etc.);
3. 
   Traditions of the type of aircraft (when entering a foreign port, warships give a salute. If a ship sinks, then the commander leaves it last);
4. 
   Types of troops (Day of the tanker, Day of rocket troops and artillery, etc.);
5. 
   Connections, units, ship ("Guardsman does not surrender").

For all peoples, the battle banner becomes an accessory of military formations. Since the 15th century, the banners in most armies have acquired the status of a shrine for a given combat unit: their place in the ranks, the honors paid to them, the obligations to protect and preserve them, the punishment for their loss, etc., have been determined.

Banners in Ancient Rus' were called banners. They were installed at the gathering place of combatants. The expression "to set a banner" meant in those days "to prepare for battle."

During the battles, signals were given to the troops by banners, the most fierce battles flared up around them. To defend one's banner in battle was considered valor, to capture the enemy's - heroism. Banners inspired Russian soldiers, called forward to the enemy.

From the end of the 15th to the beginning of the 16th century, the word "banner" was gradually replaced by the word "banner". Over time, rules for the manufacture and presentation of banners are developed, certain restrictions and conditions are introduced, the sizes of banners and their subordination are established.

The loss of a banner in battle has always been considered a grave shame in the Russian army. And if the regiment failed to return the banner, then it was disbanded, it was deleted from the lists of the army, and the officers of the regiment, not to mention the soldiers, had to atone for their guilt with blood.

Before the revolution, for the capture of the enemy banner, they immediately awarded "George". The cult of the banner was preserved by the Red Army and the SA. So, for example, for the salvation of the banner and order of the 24th Samara-Ulyanovsk Iron Division, citizen D.N. Tyapin was forever enlisted in the lists of one of the regiments.

"Honorary name of regiments" (parts)- this tradition has come down to us from the ancient Romans, this has always been of great importance. The Romans, for example, gave their detachments different honorary names in memory of glorious deeds or by the names of the conquered peoples, for example: the mighty detachment of Augustus, the faithful detachment of Trajan, the British detachment, the Parthian detachment, the iron detachment, the detachment of victors, etc.

Guards ranks appeared in the 12th century, when a select detachment was formed in Italy to protect the state banner, which became known as the guard. In the 15th century, the guard was created in France, in the 17th century - in England, Prussia, Russia, Sweden.

In Russia, there have long been regiments that bore names. Back in 1642, two regiments of a soldier's system were created in Moscow. One of them was named Butyrsky, he officially owns seniority among the named units of the Russian army.

The creator of the first guards regiments in Russia was Peter I. They were formed in 1690 from amusing troops as part of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments, which officially received the title of guards in 1700.

"Form of clothing" (honor of the uniform). The appearance of the uniform of warriors dates back to ancient times and is associated with the need to distinguish one's own fighters from the enemy's warriors. In Sparta, short red cloaks were introduced for this; in ancient Rome, legionnaires, as a rule, wore clothes white color. Their armor and weapons were unified, the legions differed from one another in the color of the feathers on their helmets.

From the end of the 15th century, clothing of a relatively identical cut and color was established for detachments and regiments; in the 17th-18th centuries, in connection with the creation of regular armies, a uniform uniform was introduced as one of the mandatory features of these armies. The attire of a warrior was considered a sign of his honor and courage. One of the first awards was the issuance of military clothing. Famous historical fact: in 1469, Russian Ustyuzhan warriors received sermyagas and mutton coats from Ivan III for courage and courage.

In Russia, in the 16th century, the wearing of identical caftans was first established in the archery army. In the future, the form has changed several times.

Russian soldiers have always been jealous of the honor of their military uniform, rightly personifying it with the honor of the Russian army, its military glory.

The deprivation of a uniform or any accessories of uniforms meant dishonor and served as one of the most severe punishments for a soldier or even a unit, a unit, when there was a deviation from the charter or cowardice on the battlefield. The symbolism of uniforms and shoulder straps was so comprehensive in the Russian army that he himself the act of depriving an officer of the rank was expressed in tearing off the epaulettes from the shoulders of the one who dishonored them by his behavior.

Even more ancient is the tradition of military awards. Who does not know the name of the Russian epic hero Alyosha Popovich? But few people know that the brave commander Alexander Popovich served as its prototype. When at the beginning of the XIII century Kyiv was besieged by the Polovtsy, Popovich, standing at the head of the army, defeated them. As a reward for the feat, according to ancient Russian chronicle, Kyiv prince laid on the winner a golden hryvnia - the most honorable, military award.

This chronicle message is the first known to us mention of the awarding of a special distinction on the territory of our country.

Later, starting from the 15th century, for participation in military campaigns or especially important individual battles, all soldiers began to be awarded specially minted medals. At the same time, the class distinction was strictly observed: the higher the rank of the recipient, the more significant in size and weight the medal he received.

Under Peter I, award medals took on a modern look.

In 1702, a medal was established for the capture of the ancient Russian fortress Oreshek, participants in the battles of Kalina, the Lesnaya, Poltava battles, and the Gangut naval battle were marked with special medals.

In 1698, the first Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called was established in Russia, in 1725 - the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.

Non-commissioned officers, soldiers, sailors were awarded the so-called "insignia of orders": the insignia of the Order of St. Anna (Annensky medal) and the insignia of the Military Order of St. Great Martyr and Victorious George (St. George's Cross), introduced in 1807. In 1858 it was established

four degrees of the last award. It was an honorary award, as it marked military exploits and "excellent courage". The full St. George Cavaliers enjoyed special respect.

Other types of collective awards for military merit in the Russian army were silver pipes (in the cavalry - signal horns). The first was awarded them in 1737 to the battalion of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment for the courage shown during the capture of the Ochakov fortress. In 1760, for the capture of Berlin, about 40 military units of the Russian army were granted silver trumpets with appropriate inscriptions on them. These trumpets not only sang of the glory of Russian soldiers, but were themselves bright symbols of it.

It is believed that the first honorary weapon in Rus' was awarded to the steward Bogdan Khitrov, who was presented with a saber by the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Mikhail Fedorovich in 1642.

The State Historical Museum in Moscow exhibits a sword, which was awarded to Admiral General M.M. Galitsyn by Peter I for the destruction of the Swedish squadron on July 17, 1720 near the Aland Islands.

Since 1774, Catherine II introduced the “Golden Weapon” with the inscription “For Courage” to distinguish for military exploits. The first to receive this honorary award was Field Marshal Prince A.A. Prozorovsky.

Not only the army, but also all our people have another tradition - patriotism.

It is in patriotism - the age-old tradition of our people - that one should see the moral origins of his heroism and courage. It is from here that the wonderful, combat traditions of our army are born - heroism, steadfastness and self-sacrifice. It is appropriate to recall the words of Napoleon: “Give me a Russian soldier, and I will conquer the whole world” or Bismarck: “It is not enough to kill a Russian, he must be knocked down.”

When life was in danger, the officer set a personal example, there is such a case when, on a Swiss campaign, a detachment of Russian troops in full view of the enemy stopped indecisively near a steep cliff near the village of Urzern, its commander, General Miloradovich, shouted:

• 
  Look how your general will be taken prisoner! With these words, he rushed down under the buckshot of the enemy, without looking back. The soldiers, forgetting about the danger, rushed after the chief. It was the mass heroism shown during the Great Patriotic War that made it possible to defeat the fascist army, which had not known defeat before.

The very first tradition that a soldier encounters is taking the military oath and handing military weapons to young recruits. This is just one of the great many existing traditions. How were they born? Such a case is known: at the beginning of World War I, the Kexholm Guards Regiment, heading to the front line, passed a small town. Suddenly, the battalion commander noticed an ancient old man who, at the sight of our uniforms, took off his hat and stretched out.

What are you, grandfather? asked the battalion commander. Why are you standing still?

But what about, - the old man answered, - after all, this is my native regiment. In such a uniform, I still went to the Turks, like this, my father.

The battalion turned his horse around and rushed to the regimental commander, who ordered the banners to be unfolded in all battalions, and with a solemn step, to the music, the regiment passed in front of the veteran. In the journal of the regiment on the same day it was written exact location and the time of the meeting with the veteran. Thus, a new tradition of honoring veterans was born. The decision to introduce a new concept in the armed forces of the Republic of Belarus - "Honorary Soldier" deserves special praise.

The tradition of holding parades is ancient - even A. Nevsky practiced triumphal processions as a means to demonstrate the power of his troops. Often they are combined with fireworks. For the first time it was given in the Russian army after the victory in the Battle of Poltava on December 21, 1709. In the Soviet Union, the salute was restored during the Great Patriotic War during the liberation of the cities of Orel and Belgorod.

For special services to the fatherland, it was envisaged that military personnel could be permanently enrolled in the lists of the unit.

There were traditions of rewarding for success in military labor at the household level. For a sunken ship, sailors were given a roasted pig and a cauldron of buckwheat porridge when they returned to the port.

A good tradition is the constant striving of servicemen to improve military knowledge and combat skills.

Friendship, mutual assistance and help in battle. The Suvorov motto "Die yourself, but save your comrade" has always been one of the most valuable traditions of Soviet soldiers, the norm of their behavior, the unshakable law of life.

The glorious tradition of the Armed Forces is high military discipline, which is largely the basis for the combat readiness of units and formations, the stamina and determination of personnel, both in battle and on days of everyday combat training, strict obedience to the life of a serviceman to military regulations, regulation of relations between superiors and subordinates.

A good military tradition is the requirement to know the military history of the unit, its heroes, its victory in the Great Patriotic War, achievements in combat training, sports and cultural life. For this, museums and rooms of Military Glory, the Book of Honor, meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the Armed Forces - heroes of the battles are widely used.

Equipping the army with complex weapons and military equipment required high military-technical training from the soldiers. A good tradition that we inherited from the army of the USSR is the maintenance of weapons and military equipment in good (combat-ready) condition, their careful storage, timely and high-quality service. Until the equipment is in good working order, the calculation does not leave it.

The moral image of a warrior, morality, morality and discipline, his worthy behavior outside the territory of the unit is also a tradition that determines the image of the defender of the Fatherland.

The whole life of a soldier, from the reception of a young replenishment, to seeing off to the reserve and his last day, is determined by military rituals. And even the funeral and farewell to him, the rendering of the last honors are subject to military traditions.

conclusion

Today, the propaganda of military traditions, the education on their basis of the soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus is a reproduction of the heroism of the past years, a vivid demonstration of the courage and selflessness of our people on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War and in the rear. This is the creation of a living connection between the current generation and the previous one, its moral responsibility for the received historical heritage. To preserve and increase what has been achieved in the past, to bring as much valuable and useful from it into the present as possible - this is the most important task of the officer corps.

Traditions are the golden fund of the Armed Forces. They pass on to new generations who have risen under the battle banners love for the Motherland, valor and heroism, loyalty to the military oath and the Fatherland.

Traditions are symbols. Alive and real... They are with us and around us. They are in deeds and accomplishments, thoughts and deeds. We are reminded of them by the names of fighters forever enrolled in the lists of military units, inscribed in street names, military orders on the banners of our units, books, films about the difficult military service, the purpose of which is to reliably protect the Fatherland. We must learn to look at the past through the prism of the future, based on the tasks of the present.

Continuity of traditions is not a red word. Military traditions and rituals unite and inspire people, make them stronger and more courageous, awaken and strengthen citizenship and patriotism.

It is necessary to continue work on strengthening the combat traditions of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, which is of particular importance in the current conditions of reform.

Literature:

1. 
   Volkov S.V. Russian officer corps. M., 1993.
2. 
   Krivitsky A. Traditions of Russian officers. M., 1945.
3. 
   Novikov V.P. Tradition education. M., 1979.
4. 
   Marinov A.A. Unquenchable fire. Essays on military traditions. M., 1976.

Lecturer at the Center for Ideological Work

Lieutenant Colonel S. N. Gamolko

The essence of the Belarusian national idea is to comprehend the existence of the Belarusian ethnos, its historical heritage, national identity and originality, genea-

historical origins, historical purpose, features of the national character-

ra, geopolitical position and role in the globalization processes of our time.

The Belarusian national idea embodies the historical desire of the Belarusian people for freedom, independence and well-being, the preservation and development of the Belarusian people.

science, Belarusian language and the Belarusian state.

Formation Belarusian idea has deep roots and is presented both in a socio-philosophical and socio-political form ( F. Skorina, S. Budny, S. Polotsky,

A.Garun, N.Abdiralovich-Kanchevsky and others), and in figurative, artistic and literary

nominal expression ( K. Kalinovsky, Ya. Kolas, Ya. Kupala, M. Bogdanovich, F. Bogushevich, V. Las-

tovskiy).

The national idea is a source of spiritual enrichment, high civic qualities, revival historical memory and national self-consciousness, feelings of

Zhdansk pride and patriotism, national and cultural revival of Belarus.

The national idea is formed only in the context of traditions national culture.

national culture- the culture of a particular nation, which has developed over the course of its

historical development. Belarusian national culture has developed on the basis of

tours of the Belarusian ethnos in interaction with the cultures of other ethnic groups - Ukrainians, Russians, Lithuanians, Jews, etc.

wounded" character. This is due to the geographical position of Belarus (between

West and East), the passage through the country of two large cultural regions -

Orthodox Byzantine and Roman Catholic.

This frontier served a dual function. On the one hand, Belarusian culture

accepted the best achievements of Western and Eastern cultures. On the other hand, it was precisely the borderland and the constant presence in the sphere of various cultural and civilizational influences that did not give the Belarusian culture the opportunity to completely self-determine, to choose

own way". The problem of finding one's own path of development has been characteristic of Belarusian culture throughout its history. In recent decades, the issue of cultural self-identification has become the most acute. This is connected both with the achievement of independence and with the global changes that are taking place now in the world.

Belarusians today need to self-determine, “find themselves”, have enough

forces, which would guarantee equal participation in the free exchange of advanced ideas and currents of thought in the spiritual life of the eastern and western regions, helped the process

su self-identification and the formation of a sense of patriotism.

Patriotism(from the Greek patris - homeland, fatherland) - an idea, feeling and actions expressing love and devotion to the Motherland. This is respect for the historical past of their people,

pride in his achievements and bitterness for the failures, misfortunes and mistakes of his ancestors and contemporaries, vigorous activity to create a new, progressive. On present stage develop-

In the Republic of Belarus, patriotism has acquired special significance and priority.

Life inexorably demands the unification of all patriotic forces to solve the problems of demo-

the cratic reformation of society and the state, the revival and enrichment of the national

national traditions, strengthening ties with other countries and peoples. Mandatory

the root of true patriotism is respect for other peoples, their language, culture,

The formation of patriotism is incompatible with nationalism. The essence of nationalism is

stands in the absolutization of one's own national exclusivity with simultaneous distrust of others ethnic communities, and in extreme cases, by denying them

the right to exist.

"Youth is responsible for the fate of the Fatherland!" - this slogan contains the formula of the ideological basis of youth patriotism in the Republic of Belarus. Youth is the most active part of our society, on which the present and future of the state depends. Its share of participation in the rise of all spheres of production, scientific activity, in successes on the cultural front, in the preservation and enhancement of the gene pool is great. Therefore, a very important task at the present stage is to educate young people as citizens who think and act as patriots of Belarus and are ready to give their strength and knowledge to the Motherland and its defense.

Patriotic education- this is a systematic and purposeful activity of state authorities and organizations to form citizens of a high patriotic consciousness, a sense of loyalty to their Fatherland, readiness to fulfill civic duty and constitutional obligations to protect the interests of the Motherland. Patriotic education is aimed at the formation and development of a person who has the qualities of a citizen-patriot of the Motherland and is able to successfully fulfill civic duties in peacetime and wartime.

Patriotism- one of the most significant, enduring values ​​inherent in all spheres of life of society and the state. Patriotism, as the most important spiritual asset of the individual, characterizes the highest level of its development and manifests itself in active self-realization for the benefit of the Fatherland. Patriotism personifies love for one's Fatherland, involvement with its history, culture, achievements, attractive and inseparable due to its uniqueness and indispensability, which are spiritually - moral basis personalities that shape it. civil position and the need for worthy, selfless service to the Motherland.

The word "patriot" first appeared during the French Revolution of 1789-1793. The fighters for the cause of the people, the defenders of the republic, as opposed to the traitors to the motherland from the camp of the monarchists, then called themselves patriots. Patriotism is one of the most important moral qualities personalities that determine life position person and the line of everyday behavior. Its significance in the social and spiritual development personality.

In the help desk and educational literature There are different definitions of patriotism. “Native land, whose place of birth; in a broad sense - land, the state where someone was born, ”wrote V. Dahl in 1866 in his“ explanatory dictionary". “Fatherland, the country in which a person was born and whose citizen he is,” D. Ushakov stated in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language in 1939. “Fatherland, fatherland; 1. the territory historically belonging to this people; 2. More narrowly - the place of birth of someone, "- it is said in" encyclopedic dictionary» 1964. "Moral and political principle, a social feeling, the content of which is love for the fatherland, devotion to it, pride in its past and present, the desire to protect the interests of the motherland, ”the authors of the philosophical dictionary, edited by I.T. Frolov edition of 1981.
Along with the differences, these formulations also have something in common - patriotism is defined as "love for the motherland", based on the fact that the words "patriot" in Greek means "homeland". In the etymological sense, "homeland" goes back to the word "genus". Clan, give birth, relatives, spring ... From the root "clan" came the concept of the people, denoting, first of all, people related to each other by blood, place of residence, language, habitat, cultural rites, traditions and customs. The motherland is, first of all, the people that historically develops on this land, which waters it with their sweat, improves and transforms it with their labor, sprinkles it with their blood in the struggle for freedom and independence.
In everyday life, the concepts of "motherland" and "fatherland" are used as synonyms. But the word "fatherland" is something higher. Fatherland is not just motherland, bordered by willows, are not landscapes familiar from childhood, but a given political, social, cultural environment. The political environment is the state, power. The social environment is a society that is at a certain stage of historical development. The cultural environment is, first of all, the ideology that prevails in the country.

Patriots are not born, they become in the process of life in specific natural and social conditions, in a historically given fatherland. The dialectic is such that a person from birth joins the natural and social environment, existing image life, to culture and language, to the whole system of social values. From childhood, he is imbued with feelings in which there are beginnings of love for the Motherland. Gradually, in the process of education, upbringing, labor activity, his horizons expand, ties with the Motherland multiply, his self-consciousness grows. From the sensory perception of native places and close people, he moves to the awareness of the native language, culture, traditions of the people, their accomplishments and, finally, to active service to him and the cause of the prosperity of his beloved Fatherland.

Patriotism is passed from mothers and fathers to children. At all times, boys were specially trained and prepared for the role of creators and defenders of the Motherland, and girls were brought up as inspirers to the feat of their loved ones. And the first mentors in the awakening of patriotic aspirations in children were parents, teachers, then army commanders, production organizers and others. Each generation goes through the school of patriotism in its own way.

Patriotism- the natural state of the soul. Only people with a perverted psyche or extreme egoism can experience indifference or a negative attitude towards their homeland, people. It is characteristic that "Ivans, who do not remember kinship" - traitors to the interests of the Motherland - were disdained by all peoples and at all times. And vice versa, the desire to do everything possible for the Motherland is a healthy reaction of human consciousness to the problems of social life and people's activities. “Love your Motherland,” wrote V.G. Belinsky means to ardently desire to see in it the realization of the ideal of mankind and, to the best of one’s ability, to contribute to this. "... true man and the son of the fatherland, - wrote A.N. Radishchev, - there is one and the same thing ... He would rather agree to die and disappear than set an example of bad behavior to others ... he burns with the most tender love for the integrity and tranquility of his compatriots ... overcomes all obstacles, tirelessly vigilant over the preservation of honesty, gives good advice and instructions ... and if he is sure that his death will bring strength and glory to the fatherland, then he is not afraid to sacrifice his life.

The role and importance of patriotic education is increasing by sharp turns history, when the objective trends in the development of society are accompanied by an increase in the tension of the forces of its citizens.

At a certain stage in the development of our state, a strong social differentiation society, a certain devaluation of spiritual values, a decrease in the educational impact of historical and cultural values, art and education as the most important factors in the formation of patriotism.

Behind last years we have become unwitting participants in the greatest tragedy of mankind. As a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the country was overwhelmed by an unprecedented economic crisis and unemployment. More than half of the population of Belarus is below the poverty line. Under these conditions, the press, cinema, television, theaters, and literature drummed into the minds of young people the cult of violence, sex, and base human feelings.

Facilities mass media launched an active attack on patriotism as the "ideology of Bolshevism", this proud term began to be used disrespectfully. The Ministry of Education hurried to disperse the qualified cadres of military instructors, put up a barrier to the beloved schoolchildren, the paramilitary games "Zarnitsa" and "Eaglet".
All this could not but affect the consciousness and behavior of young people. Never, even in the difficult post-war years, Belarus was overwhelmed by such a wave of offenses and criminal offenses as at the present time. Belarus has never known such a shameful phenomenon as evasion of military service and desertion. The restructuring of the social system entailed enormous changes in the life of our society. Economic and political changes are so strong that often we do not see what a strong factor of destabilization of the country, which is the crisis of values. If in Soviet times collective principles were actively promoted, then a radical socio-economic restructuring caused the opposite trend.

Collectivism, patriotism have become practically abusive words. The change in the usual basic principles led to rampant egoism, when everyone, to the extent of their energy and aggressiveness, neglecting the laws and universal norms, began to strive to achieve material well-being. In essence, the principle of "Get rich by any means, whoever can," was raised on a shield.

Especially willingly, and therefore with worse consequences, young people fall into this trap, in which, unlike the older generation, the system moral guidelines hasn't formed yet.

At the dawn of the so-called democratic reforms in the early nineties, this state of affairs was not sufficiently realized by the leadership of our country. But with the coming to power of healthy forces, this issue began to be given priority attention and importance.

As a positive point, it should be noted that this problem has been and is being solved in our state on the ideological-theoretical and ideological-practical basis of the state ideology, since the postulates of the state ideology have a certain set of views concentrated in the national idea, it is impossible to consider these two concepts in isolation from each other. At the heart of the concept of the national idea should be the most fundamental category, denoting the basis of the spiritual nature of the nation, indicating collective image individual and mass consciousness. In Belarusian society, at all stages of its development and formation, such a category is the Motherland. The homeland determines our dominant civic feeling - the feeling of patriotism, and this is not some abstract concept. Patriotism is reflected in concrete actions. True love for the Motherland is an effective love, associated with the direct participation of a citizen in strengthening it, in improving the well-being of the people. In simple terms, one cannot be a theoretician patriot, one must actually prove one's readiness to serve one's Fatherland.