Traveler Robert Scott and his famous expeditions. Traveler Robert Scott and his famous expeditions Discovery of the lost expedition

Composition

In adulthood, Scott lived mainly in the Borders, but he was not born there, but in Edinburgh - on August 15, 1771. (Some evidence suggests that Scott was wrong by one year and was actually born on August 15, 1770; however, this is by no means conclusive, and the available evidence favors the accepted version, that is, 1771.) His father, also Walter Scott, born in 1729, was the eldest son of Robert Scott of Sandy Know and Barbara Haliburton, who, according to Scott, was from “an old and worthy family residing in Berwickshire.” Robert Scott became a sailor, but, having been shipwrecked off Dundee on his first voyage, he abandoned this occupation and received a lease from Walter Scott of Harden, his “chief of the clan and kinsman,” the Sandy Know farm along with the site on which the tower rises. Smalholm Tower. Robert Scott’s refusal to go to sea again after his misadventure led to a break with his father, the illustrious “Beard,” for which reason Robert did not fail to reject the Jacobite beliefs of “Beard” and “on the spot turned into a Whig.” This undoubtedly increased his wealth, since “Beard”, who owed his nickname to a vow not to shave until the Stuarts returned to the throne, joined the Jacobite uprising of 1715 in arms, and as a result “lost everything he had.” , and, as I heard,” continues the great-grandson, “I would have ended up on the gallows, if not for the intercession of Anna, the Duchess of Buccleuch and Monmouth.” Scott's father was the first in his family to acquire a profession: he trained as a lawyer and, becoming a royal solicitor, entered the privileged class of Scottish lawyers.

In many ways he was the prototype of Mr. Fairford from the novel Redgauntlet. He was an honest, hard-working man, without much imagination, and so conscientious that the latter, as his son put it, did not allow him to make a fortune from his clientele. “He served his clients with a zeal that was almost ridiculous,” Scott recalled in an autobiographical passage. - Instead of dispassionately doing what was due to his duty, he thought for them, suffered for their honor as if for his own, and was ready to arouse their dislike rather than neglect anything to which, in his understanding, he was obliged their interests." He was a Whig and a Presbyterian of strict rules, prim in behavior, moderate in ambition; his passion was the history of the Calvinist church. For all the severity of his principles, he was distinguished, however, as his son assures us, by his innate kindness and gentle character. Scott later recalled with hostility the “Deanery of the Presbyterian Sabbath,” which he called “unparalleled severity.” This is one of the reasons, Lockhart tells us, why Scott “from his youth acquired an aversion to the manner in which the service was conducted according to the canon of the established Church of Scotland, and turned to her holy Episcopal sister, whose deanery and system of government he believed to be an exact copy of the ancient institutions, and I revered the litanies and prayers that have come down to us from the times that succeeded the apostles.” It is clear that it was not the severity of Calvinism alone, but even more the sense of the connection of the times that prompted Scott to abandon his parent's Presbyterianism for the Scottish Episcopal Church; However, his love of constancy was not strong enough to return him to the bosom of Catholicism, the religion of his ancestors - that variety of Christianity, which he, as is clearly evidenced, in particular by the novel “The Abbot,” considered to be mired in superstition and fanaticism . But we'll talk more about Scott's attitude toward religion.

The development of thought went from landscape to history, and from the history of the region to the history of the people and love for the fatherland. But Scott - despite the fact that his greatest novels are devoted to the recent history of his native Scotland - was not just a Scottish patriotic writer. Half of his soul was completely under the spell of the heroic and violent past, but the other half, belonging more to the enlightened Edinburgh of the heyday than to the wild Borderland, believed in reason, moderation, the development of trade, all kinds of benefits and, to be honest, in material interest. When these sides of his nature come into serious conflict, then Scott rises in his novels to the heights of artistic insight. His memories of childhood are devoid of such a contradiction, and even in Scott’s early work it makes itself felt only fleetingly. The story of Scott's development as a writer is the story of a small boy, bewitched by the places and stories associated with cruel and heroic deeds, a boy who grew up to comprehend the true meaning - in terms of human deeds and suffering - of these cruel and heroic deeds, and found a way combine witchcraft and reality in his novels. In the end, it is not anyone but Rebecca from Ivanhoe who judges the laws of chivalry more convincingly than anyone else:

* "- Glory? - Rebekah repeated. “Is that rusty coat of mail that hangs in the form of a mourning coat of arms over the dark and damp crypt of a knight, or that half-erased statue with an inscription that an ignorant monk can hardly read for the edification of a wanderer - is this really considered a sufficient reward for the renunciation of all tender affections, for a lifetime spent in misery in order to cause misfortune to others? Or is there strength and charm in the rough verses of some wandering bard, that one can voluntarily give up the family hearth, the joys of home, a peaceful and happy life, just to become the hero of the ballads that wandering minstrels sing in the evenings in front of a crowd of tipsy loafers? “In the thirty-seventh year of his life in April 1808, Walter Scott, already a famous editor, antiquarian and poet, while in Ashestill, “a glorious country mansion overlooking the Tweed,” where he had moved in 1804, began to write an autobiographical sketch. He began with the genealogy, because everything connected with “roots” and ancestors, especially his own, invariably aroused his interest.

* “I was not born in splendor, but not in insignificance either. In accordance with the conventions of my country, my origin was considered noble, since on my father’s and also on my mother’s side I was related, albeit distantly, to ancient families. My father's grandfather was Walter Scott, who was well known in the Tiviot Valley under the nickname "Beard". He was the second son of Walter Scott, first laird* of Rayburn, who in turn was the third son of William Scott and grandson of Walter Scott, called "Old Watt" in family tradition, the master of Harden. Therefore, I am a direct descendant of this ancient leader, whose name was heard in many of my verses, and his beautiful wife, Flower of Yarrow - not a bad pedigree for a Borderland minstrel.”

Scott connects the nature of his gift for writing with his ancestry and with that part of Scotland - the Borderland, whose highlands adjoin the English counties in the south - where his ancestors settled and where he himself lived. He speaks about himself in the language of such concepts as history and “soil”, space and time. It was these categories that best suited Scott's imagination throughout his life, from his childhood, when the baby eagerly absorbed stories about border raids and Jacobite uprisings, to the last bitter journey from Italy to his homeland, when he, broken in body and spirit, almost for the last time he forced himself to rise, seeing the tops of his favorite border hills:

“But when we started descending into the Gala valley, he began to look around, and it gradually dawned on us that he recognized familiar places. Soon he muttered some names: “The Gala River, exactly it, - Bak-olm - Torvudli.” When at Ladhope the road rounded the mountain and the Eldon Hills opened up to his eyes, he became very excited, and after turning on his pillows, not more than a mile away, he finally saw the turrets of his house, a joyful cry escaped him.

This is how his son-in-law and biographer John Gibson Lockhart (he was constantly with him) describes one of the last glimpses of clear consciousness in Scott. His fascination - and this is an understatement - with the history and landscape of Scotland, which always remained for him in an intimate unity, inclined his imagination to reflect on the past and the present, on the unchanging and the transitory, on tradition and development. After all, this is precisely the characteristic motif of Scott's best novels. The scene of action remains, no matter how it changes, but time disintegrates. To look at the arena of historical events in its present form, as Scott loved since childhood, is to see at once what was and what is, thereby encouraging the imagination to reconstruct the past and at the same time connect it with the present.

Episode 1: Wolf Moon Wolf Moon

Scott McCall, an unpopular sixteen-year-old, and his best friend Stiles go into the woods to find the missing half of a corpse, but Stiles' father, the sheriff, catches his son and takes him home. When Scott returns home, he hears a wolf howl and then gets bitten in the stomach. The next day, while playing lacrosse, Scott discovers new abilities in himself, such as enhanced hearing and strength, the ability to regenerate and accelerated reflexes. Scott catches the attention of new girl Allison and invites her to go to a party with him. Stiles realizes that Scott has become a werewolf and warns him about the full moon.

Episode 2: A chance to start over Second Chance at First Line

Scott tells Stiles that Allison's father was one of the hunters who tried to shoot him in the woods. Later during training, Scott hits Jackson hard in the shoulder and dislocates it. Scott begins to turn into a wolf. Stiles takes Scott to the locker room, where Scott attacks him, but Stiles revives him. Later that evening, Derek convinces Scott not to play lacrosse on Saturday night or he will turn into a werewolf in front of everyone. However, Scott can't miss the game because of his coach, his mom, and Allison.

Episode 3: The Confused Mind Pack Mentality

That night, Scott had a very realistic dream of him attacking Allison on the school bus. Later at school, Scott tells Stiles about this, glad that it was just a dream. When they leave the school, they see that the bus's emergency exit door is hanging on one hinge and covered in blood. Scott is terrified because he begins to think it was not a dream, but soon finds Allison, alive and well. During class, Scott and Stiles saw through the window the real victim, a badly injured but still alive bus driver. Scott, thinking he was the one who attacked the driver, turns to Derek for help. Derek tells him that it was Alpha who turned Scott and advises him to get back on the bus to remember everything.

Episode 4: The Magic Bullet Magic Bullet

A werewolf attacks a woman in a car and tries to kill her, but she pulls out a gun and shoots him. Meanwhile, Derek tries to track down this werewolf, who is the Alpha, but he is shot in the arm by a bullet containing wolfsbane. Scott is awakened by screams and overhears a conversation between Allison's father and a woman who turns out to be Allison's aunt Kate. She says Derek only has 48 hours before he dies. The next day, Derek looks for Scott at school and asks Jackson where he is. Jackson irritates him and he, without controlling himself due to the wound, scratches him severely. Stiles brings Derek to the veterinary clinic where Scott works. Scott urgently needs to find another bullet in Allison's house to save Derek's life.

Episode 5: Conversation The Tell

Jackson witnesses the murder of a video rental store employee when he and Lydia arrive at the store to rent a movie. Alpha leaves Jackson alone, seeing the deep scratch left by Derek's claws, but Lydia sees him jumping out of the window. Meanwhile, Derek convinces Scott to help him kill Alpha by revealing what he did. Aunt Kate gives Allison an heirloom necklace for her birthday. Scott convinces Allison to skip school and celebrate her birthday. At school, Stiles is worried about Lydia because she is absent. He comes to her and sees her in a deplorable state. He finds a photo of Alpha on her phone. Sheriff Stilinski visits veterinarian Conrad Feris to ask about photographs that show first a large animal that looks like a mountain lion, and then the silhouette of a man.

Episode 6: Heart in full view Heart Monitor

In the garage, Scott is attacked by Derek, who tells him that his training has begun. He explains to Scott that he must always be on guard and that he must stay away from Allison for a few days. After Derek leaves, Scott is confronted by Alpha, who draws a spiral on his car window, similar to the one Derek buried his sister Laura under. At home, Scott asks Derek about the spiral, but Derek says he doesn't know anything. At school, Scott tries his best to avoid Allison. Stiles also begins to train Scott to control himself, but only with his own methods.

Episode 7: Night at School Night School

Locked in the school, Scott and Stiles try to figure out how to get out without being caught by Alpha. Alpha does not let them out of school and kills the janitor. Allison is on her way to school with Jackson and Lydia when she receives a mysterious message from Scott, who asks her to meet him at school. Soon they all find themselves trapped in the school. Scott reveals that he never sent Allison that message. Jackson, Lydia and Allison want to know what's going on and who is attacking them, and not knowing how to explain everything, Scott says it's all Derek's fault. Lydia calls the police, but someone has already warned them that there may be a false call from the school. Scott decides to go out and find the janitor's body to get the keys to the entrance. Allison begs him not to go there and leave them here, but Scott says he has to try to do something.

Episode 8: Sleepwalker Lunatic

Stiles takes Scott into the woods to get drunk, trying to console him after his breakup with Allison. Two men approach them and try to take the bottle, but Scott scares them by partially transforming into a wolf. The next morning, it is revealed that the school has reopened after being renovated following the tragic events of the night. Scott begins to act strangely and has difficulty breathing as a result of a panic attack. Stiles decides to lock Scott away during the full moon because Scott has become very out of control and could hurt himself or someone else.

Episode 9: Curse of the Wolf Wolf's Bane

Jackson learns Scott's secret and also wants to become a werewolf like Scott, although Scott tries to explain to him that it ruined his life. Jackson spends a lot of time with Allison to annoy Scott and breaks up with Lydia. Derek is on the run from the police as the prime suspect in the murders after Scott blames him for what happened at school. Stiles' father learns from Scott's chemistry teacher that he met Kate Argent 6 years ago and taught her how to set the house on fire to make it look like an accident. Derek tells Scott about the necklace and asks Scott to find it as it will help solve some mysteries. Scott sneaks into Allison's room and finds the necklace in the pages of old books. He looks through the book and realizes that Allison is interested in werewolves.

Episode 10: Second Captain Co-Captain

Stiles uses his father's investigation to get answers about Alpha's victims. Apparently, Alpha only killed those associated with the fire that killed almost the entire Hale family. Scott is outraged that Jackson still wants to become a werewolf. Derek and his uncle Peter, who turns out to be Alpha, appear when Scott is in the school locker room. They want him to join the pack. Scott is outraged that Derek sided with Alpha, who killed his sister. Allison tries to find her family pendant and goes into the woods with Lydia. She shoots Scott with a taser, thinking he is an intruder. She apologizes and Scott gives her her necklace, saying he found it. Allison hugs him and leaves quickly. Later, she comes to Scott's house, wanting to talk, but then a boyfriend comes to Scott's mother, who turns out to be Peter Hale.

Episode 11: Formality Formality

Allison is horrified that werewolves exist and that Derek Hale is one of them. Conrad Fenris, the veterinarian for whom Scott works, treats Scott after being injured, but Peter Hale, Alpha, comes to the veterinary clinic and demands to give him Scott, however, Mr. Feris refuses him. The coach informs Scott that due to his poor performance, he will not be allowed to attend the dance on Friday. Not to leave Allison unprotected, Scott forces Jackson to ask Allison to the dance, and Allison convinces Lydia to go with Stiles. Meanwhile, Kate tortures Derek and realizes that Scott is Beta. A drunk Jackson doesn't want to dance with Allison, so she agrees to dance with Scott. During the dance, Scott confesses his love to her.

Episode 12: Codebreaker Code Breaker

Scott, in werewolf form, runs away from the Argents. Chris, Allison's father, is outraged that Kate has already told her everything, and wants to send his daughter to Washington while Alpha is alive. Allison is trying to come to terms with the fact that Scott is a werewolf. Alpha forces Stiles to help him find Derek and Scott, saying that if Lydia doesn't die, she will become a werewolf. With Stiles' help, he tracks Scott's cell phone, which Derek took. Scott finds Derek and convinces him to help him kill Alpha. When Derek refuses to help him, Scott reveals to him that Peter killed Derek's sister on purpose in order to become Alpha. At the hospital where Lydia is, Jackson and Stiles run into Chris and his team. Stiles tells Chris that Kate was the one who started the Hale house fire 6 years ago.

Walter Scott was born on August 15, 1771. It is this British writer who is called the founder of the historical novel. Today we recall interesting facts from the life of the poet, historian and novelist.

1. As a child, Walter suffered from paralysis, as a result he lost the mobility of his right leg, and he remained lame forever. According to his own childhood memories, relatives tried to cure the disease using folk methods, for example, wrapping the boy in freshly removed sheep skin.

Walter Scott is considered the founder of the historical novel

2. Despite the love of literature that developed in childhood, Scott entered the University of Edinburgh to study law and studied to be a lawyer, and after graduation he worked in the office of his father, who was a solicitor.

3. Scott's first serious love could have ended sadly. He burned with passion for a girl named Villamina Velches, who gave him some hope, but still preferred a wealthy banker in years to the young poet. Scott took this blow very hard, and his friends seriously feared that he might go crazy and lose his mind. Later, certain features of Villamina’s image will appear in the heroines of his novels.

4. The future writer early felt an interest in history, and in his youth, together with a friend, he went “to the outback” of Scotland. They explored the ruins of ancient castles, and then he began collecting Scottish folklore.

Walter Scott: All madmen act under the influence of inspiration

5. In 1808, the poet arrived in London, where he was warmly and warmly received, calling him the first poet of England. In 1813, he was offered the official position of poet number 1 in the country, which implied, in addition to all possible bonuses in the form of honor and money, writing poems and odes to the glory of the reigning family. Scott refused, and the position was given to the poet Robert Southey. However, in the same year Walter left poetry and began writing novels. As he would later recall, one of the main reasons for saying goodbye to poetry was the desire to “furl the sails before the genius of Byron.”

6. Scott's working day as a writer began very early, at dawn. He sat down at the table and spent five to six hours at work. This pace allowed him to write 28 novels, many short stories and novellas in 18 years. Scott worked under a pseudonym, and his name was “declassified” only in 1827.

The term "freelancer" was first used in the novel Ivanhoe.

7. Writing was not always just creativity for Scott. So, in 1826, the publishing company in which he was a partner went bankrupt, and he was charged with a debt of 117 thousand pounds. He refused the help of the Royal Bank and friends, and began to write with triple force, selling more and more novels. Writing brought him a good income, but during the last five years of his life of hard work, he suffered several strokes.

8. In 1820, the poet received the right to be called “Sir Walter Scott Abbotsford, Baronet.” He built himself a castle in the Gothic style and decorated it with the family coat of arms, as well as portraits of Scottish kings. Scott himself considered it a great honor to become the founder of a noble family.

Walter Scott: Those who are not afraid of death are capable of anything

10. Walter Scott's legacy became a source of inspiration for other great creators. For example, Goethe noted: “We read too many trifling books,” he said, “they take up our time and give us absolutely nothing. Actually, we should only read what we admire. In my youth I did this and now I remembered this while reading Walter Scott... I am going to read all his best novels in a row. Everything about them is superb - the material, the plot, the characters, the presentation, not to mention the endless diligence in preparing for the novel and the great truth of every detail. Yes, here we see what English history is and what it means when a true writer inherits it.”