The character of the ball is a dog's heart. “Heart of a Dog” characteristics of the heroes
Let's consider Sharikov's speech characteristics. Sharikov clearly and simply expresses his thoughts in simple sentences - this demonstrates his ethics. Most often expressed in short remarks: “What’s the matter! It’s a simple matter,” “What am I, a convict?”, “I don’t want to be a deserter,” “Du... gu-gu!”, “I’m not a gentleman, the gentlemen are all in Paris.”
Sharikov has no consistency in the construction of judgments; neighboring concepts are connected in his speech by a probable, causeless connection, which testifies to his ethics (as opposed to logic). Presence of introductory words in speech: “Of course, how...we understand, sir! What kind of comrades we are to you! Where else! We didn’t study at universities, we didn’t live in fifteen-room apartments! Only now, maybe it’s time to leave it. Nowadays, everyone has their own right...” His assessments and judgments are subjective. There are comparative turnovers: “You have everything like on parade, a napkin here, a tie here, yes, “excuse me,” yes, “please, merci,” but in a way that’s real, that’s not the case. You are torturing yourself, just like during the tsarist regime.”
Sharikov talks about how a person should live, what rights he has. Persistently defends its interests: “For mercy, how can we do without a document? I'm really sorry. You know, a person without a document is strictly prohibited from existing.” Sharikov’s emotions are strong and colorful, he does not hold back expressing his emotions - he is irrational: “Yesterday cats were strangled, strangled...” Sharik is a pronounced sensory person, because he is a dog and perceives everything through his senses: eyes, ears, nose, tongue: “There is absolutely no need to learn to read when meat already smells a mile away,” “... the woman’s skirt smelled like lily of the valley.”
Author's characteristics
In order to fully determine the type to which Sharikov belongs, we will also analyze some of the author’s characteristics. For Sharikov, the best way to understand the world is through the senses, which confirms his sensory ability: “He contemplated his shoes, and this gave him great pleasure,” “Sharikov poured the contents of the glass into his throat, wrinkled his face, brought a piece of bread to his nose, sniffed it, and then swallowed it, and his eyes filled with tears.”
Sharikov is quite secretive, restraining his feelings deep within himself, which only an attentive interlocutor can guess: “Sharikov took these words extremely carefully and keenly, which was visible in his eyes.”
Sharikov is attracted to situations of new, unusual beginnings, cannot sit still, is always ready for activity: “Taking advantage of Bormenthal’s short absence, he took possession of his razor and ripped open his cheekbones so that Philip Philipovich and Dr. Bormental put stitches on the cut, causing Sharikov to howl for a long time, bursting into tears.”
Analysis of these characteristics showed that Sharikov is the complete opposite of Professor Preobrazhensky in all mental functions.
Description of personality type
Sharik and Sharikov are one hero. They are distinguished by the fact that Sharik is a dog, and Sharikov is the person that Sharik turned into after the operation. The dynamics from Sharik to Sharikov are such that Sharik is rational, and Sharikov is irrational, and at the same time they are both sensory-ethical introverts. Having summarized the results obtained, we compose the following table.
Such a literary hero as Sharikov’s “Heart of a Dog” cannot leave the reader indifferent. His image in the story outrages, shocks, causes a storm of emotions, this is the merit of the author - the genius of artistic expression M. Bulgakov. The creature, which appeared due to human intervention in what Mother Nature commands, serves as a reminder to humanity of its mistakes.
Appearance of Polygraph Sharikov
The author's irony affected not only the semantic component of Sharikov's image, but also his appearance. The creature, which was born as a result of the operation of Professor Philip Preobrazhensky, is a kind of symbiosis of a dog and a person. The animal was transplanted with the pituitary gland and seminal glands of the criminal and drunkard Klim Chugunkin.
The latter died in a fight, which speaks about the lifestyle of a man who became an unwitting participant in the operation. The author emphasizes that the human being into which the dog Sharik turned after the operation looks very much like a dog. His hair, body hair, gaze, habits - everything indicates that the animal is invisibly present in the image of the newly made “citizen”. Sharikov's too low forehead indicates his low intelligence. Bright, flashy details in clothing are an indicator of bad taste and lack of basic culture in clothing.
The moral character of the hero
Sharikov is a symbol of arrogance, impudence, rudeness, familiarity, illiteracy, laziness. His image is the personification of the lumpen proletariat: that layer of society that very quickly got used to the new political conditions. Relying on fragmentary information, altering phrases from the slogans of the new government, these people “fight” for their rights, pretending to be active and work. In fact, they are parasites and opportunists; the government, which promises unprecedented benefits, attracts stupid, narrow-minded people who are ready to be a blind instrument in the fight for a bright future.
Polygraph Poligrafovich inherits the worst that is in the nature of animals and humans. The dog's loyalty and devotion, his gratitude to the owner - all this disappeared during the first two weeks of Sharikov's life. The character bites, pesters women, and is rude to everyone indiscriminately. The hero's ingratitude, his dissatisfaction with everything, and the lack of minimal culture in communication are infuriating. He begins to demand registration from the professor, and after some time he tries to evict Philip Philipovich. As a result, it comes to the point that Sharikov decides to kill his creator. This moment is very symbolic, endowed with a special meaning. It is here that the motive of the political ideology of the new system is clearly visible.
The fate of Polygraph Sharikov
No matter how hard the professor tried to educate and remake his brainchild, Sharikov turned out to be beyond the influence of convictions and moral teachings. Even violence (or the threat of it from the professor's assistant) has no effect on Sharikov. The hero continues to lead an immoral lifestyle, use foul language, scare residents, and drink. The characters are too intelligent to change anything. Sharikov and others like him understand only brute force, they live according to the principle of existence in the animal world.
The most amazing thing is that after the professor corrects the mistake, the hero comes to an important conclusion. In the creature that resulted from the experiment, all the worst things come from humans; the dog is a kind and noble animal. It turns out that there are people who are worse than dogs - this metaphorical nature is emphasized by the author several times. Fortunately, the professor was able to correct his mistake in time. He has the courage to admit that his philosophy of nonviolence does not always work without fail. Bulgakov hints that the new political system will not be able to repeat the professor’s step. The course of history cannot be stopped, and retribution for interfering with natural processes will inevitably overtake society.
Dog's heart. The Heart of a Dog presents one interesting story about the complex operation of Professor Preobrazhensky to transplant a human brain into a dog. Its result was the emergence of a new man, Sharikov, whose image and characteristics we will consider in ours.
Sharikov's image
Expanding the theme of Sharikov and dwelling on the image of a new man, I would like to first remember what Sharikov was like before his transformation. A comparative description of the dog Sharik and the resulting image of the man Sharikov will help us with this.
So who was the dog and who did he turn into?
At the beginning of Bulgakov's story, a homeless dog appears before us. He is kind and does not pose a danger to others. Like any animal, Sharik has ordinary desires. The dog wants affection, warmth, food and a secluded place where he can lick his wounds. And so Professor Preobrazhensky appears in the fate of a stray dog, who gave him a completely new life by performing an experimental operation to transplant a pituitary gland taken from a deceased thief, alcoholic and repeat offender. And the reader sees before him the image of a new person, who was given the name and surname Poligraf Poligrafovich Sharikov.
The laboratory creature turns into citizen Sharikov. Sharikov was short, with coarse hair, a small head, a sarcastic grin and small legs. Sharikov's voice was muffled and his gait was unsteady. Despite his appearance and inability to dress, Sharikov was pleased with himself, and at the same time hated his creator, who constantly strove to teach manners to a rootless dog. In general, he had a bad character, as evidenced by the characteristics and image of the character Sharikov.
Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is the main negative character in the story “Heart of a Dog”, the man into whom the dog Sharik turned after the operation of Professor Preobrazhensky. At the beginning of the story, it was a kind and harmless dog that the professor picked up. After an experimental operation to implant human organs, he gradually took on a human form and behaved like a human, albeit an immoral one. His moral qualities left much to be desired, since the transplanted organs belonged to the deceased repeat offender Klim Chugunkin. Soon the newly converted dog was given the name Poligraf Poligrafovich Sharikov and given a passport.
Sharikov became a real problem for the professor. He was rowdy, harassed neighbors, pestered servants, used foul language, got into fights, stole and drank a lot. As a result, it became clear that he inherited all these habits from the previous owner of the transplanted pituitary gland. Immediately after receiving his passport, he got a job as the head of the department for clearing Moscow of stray animals. Sharikov's cynicism and callousness forced the professor to carry out another operation to turn him back into a dog. Fortunately, he still had Sharikov’s pituitary gland, so at the end of the story Sharikov again became a kind and affectionate dog, without boorish habits.
Subject of the work
At one time, M. Bulgakov’s satirical story caused a lot of talk. In “Heart of a Dog” the heroes of the work are bright and memorable; The plot is fantasy mixed with reality and subtext, in which sharp criticism of the Soviet regime is openly read. Therefore, the work was very popular in the 60s among dissidents, and in the 90s, after its official publication, it was even recognized as prophetic.
The theme of the tragedy of the Russian people is clearly visible in this work; in “Heart of a Dog” the main characters enter into an irreconcilable conflict with each other and will never understand each other. And, although the proletarians won in this confrontation, Bulgakov in the novel reveals to us the whole essence of the revolutionaries and their type of new man in the person of Sharikov, leading us to the idea that they will not create or do anything good.
There are only three main characters in “Heart of a Dog,” and the narrative is mainly told from Bormenthal’s diary and through the dog’s monologue.
Characteristics of the main characters
Sharikov
A character who appeared as a result of an operation from the mongrel Sharik. A transplant of the pituitary gland and gonads of the drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin turned a sweet and friendly dog into Poligraf Poligrafych, a parasite and a hooligan.
Sharikov embodies all the negative traits of the new society: he spits on the floor, throws cigarette butts, does not know how to use the restroom and constantly swears. But this is not even the worst thing - Sharikov quickly learned to write denunciations and found a calling in killing his eternal enemies, cats. And while he deals only with cats, the author makes it clear that he will do the same with people who stand in his way.
Bulgakov saw this base power of the people and a threat to the entire society in the rudeness and narrow-mindedness with which the new revolutionary government resolves issues.
Professor Preobrazhensky
An experimenter who uses innovative developments in solving the problem of rejuvenation through organ transplantation. He is a famous world scientist, a respected surgeon, whose “speaking” surname gives him the right to experiment with nature.
I was used to living in grand style - servants, a house of seven rooms, luxurious dinners. His patients are former nobles and high revolutionary officials who patronize him.
Preobrazhensky is a respectable, successful and self-confident person. The professor, an opponent of any terror and Soviet power, calls them “idlers and idlers.” He considers affection the only way to communicate with living beings and denies the new government precisely for its radical methods and violence. His opinion: if people are accustomed to culture, then the devastation will disappear.
The rejuvenation operation yielded an unexpected result - the dog turned into a human. But the man turned out to be completely useless, uneducable and absorbing the worst. Philip Philipovich concludes that nature is not a field for experiments and he interfered with its laws in vain.
Dr. Bormenthal
Ivan Arnoldovich is completely and completely devoted to his teacher. At one time, Preobrazhensky took an active part in the fate of a half-starved student - he enrolled him in the department, and then took him on as an assistant.
The young doctor tried in every possible way to develop Sharikov culturally, and then completely moved in with the professor, as it became more and more difficult to cope with the new person.
The apotheosis was the denunciation that Sharikov wrote against the professor. At the climax, when Sharikov took out a revolver and was ready to use it, it was Bromenthal who showed firmness and toughness, while Preobrazhensky hesitated, not daring to kill his creation.
The positive characterization of the heroes of “Heart of a Dog” emphasizes how important honor and self-dignity are for the author. Bulgakov described himself and his doctor-relatives in many of the same traits as both doctors, and in many ways would have acted the same way as them.
Shvonder
The newly elected chairman of the house committee, who hates the professor as a class enemy. This is a schematic hero, without deep reasoning.
Shvonder completely bows to the new revolutionary government and its laws, and in Sharikov he sees not a person, but a new useful unit of society - he can buy textbooks and magazines, participate in meetings.
Sh. can be called Sharikov’s ideological mentor; he tells him about his rights in Preobrazhensky’s apartment and teaches him how to write denunciations. The chairman of the house committee, due to his narrow-mindedness and lack of education, always hesitates and gives in in conversations with the professor, but this makes him hate him even more.
Other heroes
The list of characters in the story would not be complete without two au pairs - Zina and Daria Petrovna. They recognize the superiority of the professor, and, like Bormenthal, are completely devoted to him and agree to commit a crime for the sake of their beloved master. They proved this at the time of the repeated operation to transform Sharikov into a dog, when they were on the side of the doctors and accurately followed all their instructions.
You have become acquainted with the characteristics of the heroes of Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog,” a fantastic satire that anticipated the collapse of Soviet power immediately after its emergence - the author, back in 1925, showed the whole essence of those revolutionaries and what they were capable of.
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