Names of famous conductors. Outstanding domestic choir conductors

Hello! I am an educator additional education, teacher of choral class, voice and piano. I work in the center of children's creativity of the Avtozavodsky district of Nizhny Novgorodon the basis of school No. 63with an in-depth study of music.
Let me present to your attention a computer presentation "Russian conductors of our time"
First, I'll tell you who a conductor is.
"Conductor" is a French word and means "to lead". Accordingly, a conductor is the leader of an orchestral, operatic, and choir collective.Conducting is one of the most difficult types of musical performance. The conductor owns the artistic interpretation of the work. The choral conductor needs to monitor the order of the choir, the correct and simultaneous pronunciation of the text, the correct removal and introduction. Conducting, as an independent profession, appeared in the second half of the 19th century. The conductor is the soul of the ensemble!
A conductor can lead a choir group, as well as an opera and symphony group. In another way, the conductor of the choir is called the choirmaster.
I want to introduce you to some Russian conductors of our time.
Pavel Kogan is one of the most famous conductors in our country. His creative career began over 40 years ago. Kogan was born into a musical family. His parents, Leonid Kogan and Elizavet Gilels, are violinists. Kogan's debut as a conductor took place in 1972 with the State Symphony Orchestra of the USSR. Since 1989 he has been Artistic Director and Principal Conductor of the Moscow State Symphony Orchestra. Kogan also works with the best orchestras in the world. The conductor is a laureate of the State Prize of Russia and bears the title of People's Artist of Russia. In addition to the award, Kogan has many Russian and international awards.
Gergiev Valery Abisalovich was born on May 2, 1953 in Moscow. Grew up in North Ossetia. At the age of twelve he entered the Leningrad Conservatory as a conductor. As a student, he participated in the Herberg von Karajan International Conducting Competition in Berlin. There he took an honorable second place. After graduating from the conservatory, Gergiev was accepted as an assistant at the Kirov Theatre. In 1978 he conducted Prokofiev's opera War and Peace. Later, Gergiev directed the State Symphony Orchestra of Armenia. In 1988 he took the place of the chief conductor of the Kirov Theatre. Gergiev organized his own festival dedicated to Mussorgsky's operas, later thematic festivals under the direction of the conductor became a tradition. Gergiev is also Principal Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. He is the owner of international and Russian awards.
Spivakov Vladimir Teodorovich was born in 1944 in the city of Ufa. His mother, Ekaterina Osipovna Weintraub, graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano. In 1955, Spivakov studied at the music school at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1968 he graduated from the conservatory, and in 1970 he completed postgraduate studies under the guidance of Yuri Yankelevich. In 1979 he founded the Moscow Virtuosi chamber orchestra, and he still directs it to this day. Spivakov is also the head of the music festival in Colmar. In 2001, Vladimir Teodorovich organized the Moscow International Festival in Moscow. He has worked with many American and European orchestras. In 1994 he establishedVladimir Spivakov International Charitable Foundation . He is an Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the USSR, People's Artist of Ukraine, etc.
Bashmet Yuri Abramovich was born on January 24, 1953 in Rostov-on-Don. He studied at the Lviv Special Music School. In 1976 he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory. He is the creator of the Moscow Soloists chamber orchestra. Yuri Bashmet is also a violist. Since 1996 he has been a professor at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1996creates and heads the "Experimental Viola Department" at the Moscow Conservatory. Since 2002 he has directed and conducted the New Russia State Symphony Orchestra. He has worked with the Berlin, New York Philharmonic, Chicago and London Symphony Orchestras. He is a People's Artist of the USSR and a laureate of four State Prizes of the Russian Federation.
I want to end my methodological report with a quote from Valery Filatov “If the choir does not have a conductor, everyone tries to “shout” the other”
The conductor, it's like a hint, it's like a magic wand that tells with gestures where and who needs to join, where to pause, he seems to help the orchestra (choir), inspires him and gives his positive energy.
Thank you for your attention!

It cannot exist without conductors, as well as the film industry without directors, the literary and publishing industry without editors, fashion projects without designers. The leader of the orchestra ensures the organic interaction of all instruments during the performance. The conductor is the main character on the stage of the Philharmonic, concert hall or any other music venue.

Virtuosi

The coherence of the symphony orchestra, the harmonious sound of numerous musical instruments is achieved due to the skill of the conductor. No wonder the most talented of them are awarded various high titles and titles, and among the people they are called "virtuosos". And indeed, the impeccable possession of the conductor's baton allows you to bring to each musician sitting in the orchestra pit, all the nuances of a creative impulse. A huge symphony orchestra suddenly begins to sound like a whole, and the musical composition is revealed in all its splendor.

Well-known conductors are united on the basis of skill, they all went through the school of high art, it took them a while to gain popularity and recognition from the general public. Popularity is gained over the years. For the most part, well-known conductors, in addition to concert activities, are engaged in teaching, conduct training courses for young musicians, as well as master classes.

self-sacrifice

The art of conducting an orchestra requires many years of practice, continuous improvement, which results in endless rehearsals. Some well-known conductors are notable for their special creative perseverance, bordering on self-sacrifice, when personal life is relegated to the background and only music remains. However, this situation is good for art.

The most famous conductors are bound by contracts with certain musical groups, and this gives them the opportunity to achieve a high level of performance. At the same time, mutual understanding is necessary, which will subsequently serve as a guarantee of successful concert activity.

Notable opera conductors

There are names in the world musical hierarchy that everyone knows. The names of famous opera conductors can be found on posters, billboards, cruise ships are named after them. This popularity is well-deserved, since few people are still able to devote their entire lives, without a trace, to music. The most famous conductors travel all over the world, tour with various musical groups or lead orchestras in major music centers. Opera performances require a special coherence of the orchestra, accompanied by vocal parts, arias and cavatina. In all music agencies you can find out the names of famous opera conductors who can be invited for a season or a series of performances. Experienced impresarios know the style of work and character traits of each. This helps them make the right choice.

Famous conductors of Russia

Music, especially opera, has many components. Here is the orchestra, which includes a variety of instruments: wind, string, bow, percussion. Soloists, performers of vocal parts, choir and other participants in the performance. Disparate fragments of an opera performance are united into one whole by the director of the performance and the conductor of the orchestra. Moreover, the latter actively participates in the action from beginning to end. There are conductors in Russia who, with their music, direct the opera along the only true path that leads the viewer to real art.

Famous conductors of Russia (list):

Alexandrov Alexander Vasilievich.
Bashmet Yuri Abramovich.
Borisovna.
Vladimirovich.
Bronevitsky Alexander Alexandrovich.
Vasilenko Sergey Nikiforovich.
Garanyan Georgy Abramovich.
Gergiev Valery Abisalovich.
Gorenstein Mark Borisovich.
Aleksandrovich.
Evtushenko Alexei Mikhailovich
Ermakova Ludmila Vladimirovna
Kabalevsky Dmitry Borisovich.
Kazhlaev Murad Magomedovich.
Kogan Pavel Leonidovich.
Lundstrem Oleg Leonidovich
Mravinsky Evgeny Alexandrovich.
Svetlanov Evgeny Fyodorovich.
Spivakov Vladimir Teodorovich

Every well-known Russian conductor can successfully lead any foreign symphony orchestra, a few rehearsals are enough for this. The professionalism of musicians helps to overcome both the difference in styles.

World celebrities

Famous conductors of the world are talented musicians recognized by the general public.

Pavel Kogan

The most famous Russian conductor who has been giving the world his art for more than forty years. Its popularity is unprecedented. The maestro's name is on the list of the ten greatest contemporary conductors. The musician was born in the family of famous violinists, Leonid Kogan and Elizaveta Gilels. Since 1989, he has been the permanent artistic director, as well as the Chief Conductor of the MGASO (Moscow State Symphony Orchestra). At the same time he represents Russia in the major musical centers of America.

Pavel Kogan performs all over the world with the best symphony orchestras, his art is considered unsurpassed. Maestro is Russian, bears the title of "People's Artist of Russia". Pavel Kogan also has many awards, including the Order of Merit for the Fatherland and the Order of the Arts.

Herbert von Karajan

The world famous conductor of Austrian origin Herbert von Karajan (1908-1989) was born into a family of Greek immigrants. At the age of eight, he entered the Mozarteum Conservatory in Salzburg, where he studied for 10 years and received basic conducting skills. At the same time, young Karajan was learning to play the piano.

The debut took place in 1929 at the Salburg Festival Theatre. Herbert conducted the opera "Salome". In the period from 1929 to 1934 he was Chief Kapellmeister at the theater in the German city of Ulm. Then Karajan stood for a long time at the conductor's stand of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Then he performed with Charles Gounod's opera "Walpurgis Night".

The finest hour for the conductor came in 1938, when Richard Wagner's opera "Tristan and Isolde" performed by him was a huge success, after which Herbert was called "Miracle Karajan".

Leonard Bernstein

American conductor (1918-1990), born to Jewish immigrant parents. Musical education began for Leonard as a child, he learned to play the piano. However, the boy gradually became involved in conducting, and in 1939 he made his debut - the young Bernstein performed a composition of his own composition called The Birds with a small orchestra.

Thanks to his high professionalism, Leonard Bernstein quickly gained popularity and, already at a young age, led the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Being an all-round creative person, the conductor was engaged in literature. He wrote about a dozen books on music.

Valery Gergiev

The famous conductor Valery Abisalovich Gergiev was born on May 2, 1953 in Moscow. At the age of nineteen he entered the Leningrad Conservatory. As a student, he participated in the international conducting competition in Berlin, where he took second place.

After graduating from the conservatory in 1977, the young conductor was accepted as an assistant at the Kirov Theatre. Valery Gergiev became his mentor and already in 1978 stood at the console and played Prokofiev's opera "War and Peace". In 1988, he replaced Yuri Temirkanov after he left for the Leningrad Philharmonic.

The year 1992 was marked by the return to the Kirov Theater of its historical name "Mariinsky Theatre". The theatrical audience of St. Petersburg, in order to get to opera performances, is recorded in advance, months in advance. Today Valery Gergiev is the chief conductor of the theater and its artistic director.

Evgeny Svetlanov

The famous conductor, Russian and world, Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov (1928-2002) left a noticeable mark on the cultural heritage of Russia. He has the titles of "Hero of Socialist Labor" and "People's Artist of the USSR". He is a laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR.

Svetlanov's creative career began immediately after graduating from the Gnessin Institute in 1951. He continued his studies at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of opera and symphony conducting and composition.

The debut took place in 1954 on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in a production of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Maid of Pskov. From 1963 to 1965 he was the chief conductor of the Bolshoi Theatre. During his work, the level of opera performances noticeably increased.

In 1965-2000 combined work as artistic director and chief conductor of the State Symphony Orchestra of the USSR (later Russia).

Vladimir Spivakov

Russian conductor Spivakov Vladimir Teodorovich was born in 1944 in the city of Ufa. In 1968 he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory, in 1970 he completed his postgraduate studies.

Mastery Vladimir Spivakov studied at the Gorky Conservatory with Professor Israel Gusman. Later he took a special course in the USA, with Leonard Bernstein and Lorin Maazel.

Currently, he is the permanent leader and conductor of the Moscow Virtuosi chamber symphony orchestra, which he personally organized in 1979. He has performed with European orchestras and US musical groups. Conducted at the La Scala Theatre, the Cecilia Academy, the Philharmonic of the German city of Cologne and the French Radio. He is the president of the International House of Music in Moscow.

Yuri Bashmet

Russian conductor Bashmet Yuri Abramovich was born on January 24, 1953 in Rostov-on-Don. People's Artist of the USSR. Laureate of four State Prizes of the Russian Federation.

In 1976 he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory. In 1972, while still a student, he purchased a viola viola by the Italian master Paolo Testore, made in 1758. Bashmet still plays this unique instrument today.

He began active concert activity in 1976, and two years later he received a teaching position at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1996, Yuri Bashmet created the "Experimental Viola Department", where the study of viola parts in symphonic, opera and chamber music takes place. Then he received the title of professor at the Moscow Conservatory. Currently engaged in active charitable and social activities.

Carlos Kleiber named the best conductor of all time.
According to a survey conducted by the English magazine BBC Music Magazine, Carlos Kleiber recognized as the best conductor of all time. The survey was conducted among 100 leading conductors of our time, such as Sir Colin Davis, Gustavo Dudamel, Valery Gergiev, Maris Jansons and others, to find out which of their colleagues they admire the most (who is their inspiration). Carlos Kleiber, the Austrian maestro, who only performed 96 concerts and about 400 opera performances in his 74 years, was ahead of Leonard Bernstein and Claudio Abbado, who came in second and third respectively.

Susanna Mälkki, Finnish conductor of the French Ensemble Intercontemporain and one of the survey participants, commented on the results: "Carlos Kleiber brought incredible energy to music... Yes, he had about five times more rehearsal time than today's conductors can afford, but he deserves it because his vision of music is amazing, he knows exactly what he wants and his attention to the smallest detail is truly inspiring."

So, Top 20 Conductors of All Time according to a BBC Music Magazine poll conducted in November 2010 and published in March 2011.

1. Carlos Kleiber (1930-2004) Austria
2. Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) USA
3. (born 1933) Italy
4. Herbert von Karajan ((1908-1989) Austria
5. Nikolaus Harnoncourt (born 1929) Austria
6 Sir Simon Rattle (born 1955) UK
7. Wilhelm Furtwangler (1896-1954) Germany
8. Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957) Italy
9. Pierre Boulez (born 1925) France
10. Carlo Maria Giulini (1914-2005) Italy
11. John Eliot Gardiner (born 1943) UK
12.
13. Ferenc Fricsay (1914-1963) Hungary
14. George Szell (1897-1970) Hungary
15. Bernard Haitink (born 1929) Netherlands
16. Pierre Monteux (1875-1964) France
17. Evgeny Mravinsky (1903-1988) Russia (USSR)
18 Colin Davis (born 1927) UK
19. Thomas Beecham (1879-1961) Great Britain
20. Charles Mackerras (1925-2010) Australia

Curriculum vitae:
Carlos Kleiber (full name Carl Ludwig Kleiber) is an Austrian conductor. Born July 3, 1930 in Berlin, the son of the famous conductor Erich Kleiber. Grew up in Argentina, 1949-1950. studied chemistry in Zurich. He began his musical career in 1951 as a tutor in Munich. Kleiber's debut as a conductor took place in 1954 in Potsdam. Then he worked in Dusseldorf, Zurich and Stuttgart. In 1968-1973. worked at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich and remained its guest conductor until 1988. In 1973 he performed for the first time at the Vienna State Opera. He performed at La Scala, Covent Garden (since 1974), the Metropolitan Opera (since 1988) and other theaters; participated in the Edinburgh Festival (since 1966). He collaborated with the Vienna and Berlin Philharmonic Orchestras. The last performance of the conductor took place in 1999. He died on July 13, 2004 in Slovenia.

L.V. Beethoven. Symphony No. 7 Op.92.
Royal Orchestra Concertgebouw (Netherlands). Conductor Carlos Klaiber.

Itay Talgam

Renowned Israeli conductor and consultant who helps leaders from business, education, government, medicine and other fields to become "conductors" of their teams and achieve harmony through collaboration.

Itay Talgam argues that leadership skills are universal, and the communication styles of a conductor with an orchestra are in many ways similar to the relationship of a boss with employees in a company. But there is no universal principle for organizing such relationships. The author shares his observations about the methods of orchestra management that were observed by great conductors and divides them into six conditional categories.

1. Dominance and control: Ricardo Mutti

The Italian conductor Ricardo Mutti is attentive to details and very meticulous in managing the orchestra both in rehearsals and in performances. All the nuances of the game are concentrated in his gestures: he notifies the musicians of the changing tone long before they have to rebuild. Mutti controls every step of his subordinates, no one and nothing is left without his attention.

Total control is due to the fact that the conductor himself feels pressure from the top management: the board of directors or the constantly present spirit of the great composer. Such a leader is always subject to condemnation from the ruthless super-ego.

The dominant leader is unhappy. His subordinates respect him, but do not like him. This was especially clearly demonstrated by the example of Mutti. Between him and the top management of the Milanese opera house "La Scala" there was a conflict. The conductor outlined his demands to the authorities, if they were not met, he threatened to leave the theater. He hoped that the orchestra would take his side, but the musicians said they had lost confidence in the leader. Mutti had to retire.

Do you think this conductor's stand is a throne? For me, this is a desert island where loneliness reigns.
Ricardo Mutti

Despite this, Ricardo Mutti is considered one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century. Itay Talgam says that at the seminars on personnel management, most of the students said that they would not want such a leader. But to the question: “Is his leadership effective? Can he force subordinates to do their job?” Almost everyone answered in the affirmative.

The dominant leader does not believe in the ability of employees to organize themselves. He takes full responsibility for the result, but requires unquestioning obedience.

When it works

This tactic is justified in the presence of problems with discipline in the team. The author gives an example from Mutti's biography and talks about his experience with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. This is a wonderful team, but the style of his work was formed at the junction of European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures. The diversity of traditions has led to a lack of formal discipline within the orchestra.

At that moment, when Mutti's stick was frozen in the air in anticipation of the first notes, one of the musicians decided to move his chair. There was a creak. The conductor stopped and said: “Gentlemen, I don’t see the words “chair creak” in my score.” From that moment on, only music sounded in the hall.

When it doesn't work

In all other cases, and especially when the work of employees is related to. Mutti's management style excludes the presence of errors, and in fact they often lead to new discoveries.

2 Godfather: Arturo Toscanini

The star conductor Arturo Toscanini showed maximum participation in the life of the orchestra at rehearsals and on stage. He was not shy in expressions and scolded the musicians for their mistakes. Toscanini became famous not only for his talent as a conductor, but also for his professional temper.

Toscanini took every failure of his subordinates to heart, because the mistake of one is the mistake of all, especially the conductor. He was demanding of others, but no more than of himself: he came to rehearsals in advance and did not ask for privileges. Each musician understood that the conductor was sincerely worried about the result, and was not offended by insults for inaccurate playing.

Toscanini demanded full dedication from the musicians and expected impeccable performance. He believed in their talent and was collected at concerts. It was evident how proud he was of his "family" after a successful performance.

An important motivator of the employees of such a team is the desire to work well “for the father”. Such leaders are loved and respected.

When it works

In cases where the team is ready to accept the three basic principles of family culture: stability, empathy and mutual support. It is also important that the manager has authority, is competent in his field, and has professional achievements. Such a leader should be treated like a father, so he should be smarter and more experienced than his subordinates.

This principle of management is often resorted to when the team is going through difficult times. During the period of strengthening of trade unions, large companies introduce slogans from the category "We are one family!" The management strives to improve working conditions, gives employees the opportunity to receive additional education, holds corporate events and provides subordinates with a social package. All this is aimed at motivating employees to work for the sake of the authorities who care about them.

When it doesn't work

In some modern organizations, where relationships between people are sometimes more important than formal hierarchy. In such groups, deep emotional involvement is not implied.

Such a management principle requires not only the authority and competence of the leader, but also the ability of subordinates to justify the expectations placed on them. Itay Talgam talks about his experience of studying with the conductor Mendy Rodan. He demanded a lot from the student and perceived his every failure as a personal defeat. This pressure, coupled with swearing, oppressed the author. He realized that such a teacher would help him get a diploma, but would not bring up a creative person in him.

3. According to the instructions: Richard Strauss

The author says that many of the managers present at his seminars were only amused by Strauss's behavior on stage. Visitors chose him as a potential leader only on the basis that with such a boss, you can not really bother yourself with work. The conductor's eyelids are lowered, he himself looks distant and only occasionally casts glances at one or another section of the orchestra.

This conductor does not aim to inspire, he only restrains the orchestra. But if you look closely, it becomes clear what is the basis of such a management principle - following instructions. Strauss is not focused on the musicians, but on the notes, even if the orchestra plays his work. By this, he shows how important it is to strictly follow the rules and clearly perform the work, not allowing one's own interpretations.

It should be understood that the lack of interpretation and discovery in music is not bad at all. This approach allows you to expose the structure of the work, to play it the way the author intended.

Such a leader trusts subordinates, requires them to follow instructions and believes that they will be able to comply with them. This attitude flatters and motivates employees, they gain self-confidence. The main disadvantage of the approach is that no one knows what will happen if a situation arises that is not specified in the instructions.

When it works

This principle of control works in different cases. Sometimes it is the most comfortable for calm professionals who are used to working according to the letter of the law. Sometimes it is simply necessary to provide employees with mandatory instructions, for example, when different groups of subordinates interact.

The author gives an example of his experience with the orchestra and the rock band Natasha's Friends. The problem arose due to the fact that the musicians from the group came to the end of the second hour of a three-hour rehearsal. They were sure that nothing would stop them from devoting the rest of the day to music, not thinking about the fact that orchestra rehearsals were subject to stricter time frames.

When it doesn't work

The principle of management based on following instructions does not work where the ability to create and create new ideas should be encouraged. Like absolute obedience to the leader, following the instructions implies the absence of mistakes leading to new discoveries. It can also deprive employees of professional enthusiasm.

The author gives an example from the biography of the conductor Leonard Bernstein. The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, under his direction, rehearsed the finale of Mahler's symphony. When the conductor gave the signal for the entry of the brass, there was silence in response. Bernstein looked up: some of the musicians had left. The fact is that the end of the rehearsal was scheduled for 13:00. The clock was 13:04.

4. Guru: Herbert von Karajan

Maestro Herbert von Karajan barely opens his eyes on stage and does not look at the musicians. He only expects that his subordinates seem to magically consider his desires. This was preceded by preliminary work: the conductor carefully explained the nuances of the game at rehearsals.

The guru did not give the musicians a time frame or set the rhythm, he only listened attentively and conveyed to the orchestra the softness and depth of the sound. The musicians were perfect for each other. They themselves became interdependent conductors and improved their skills of playing together over and over again.

Such an approach speaks of the arrogance of the leader: he acts bypassing the accepted postulates and is always sure of success. At the same time, team members are much more dependent on each other than on the instructions of the management. They are vested with the power to directly influence the results of work. They have an additional responsibility, so being in such a team for some can be a psychologically difficult test. This management style is similar to Mutti's dominance in that the leader is also unavailable for dialogue and imposes his vision of the organization on subordinates.

When it works

When the work of the team is connected with the creativity of employees, for example, in the field of art. American artist Saul LeWitt hired young artists (several thousand in total), explained concepts and gave some guidance. After that, the subordinates went to create without Levitt's control. He was interested in the result, not submission in the process. A sensible and wise leader, he understood that joint creativity only enriches the project. This is what made him the most exhibited artist in the world: in his entire life he held more than 500 solo exhibitions.

When it doesn't work

In each team, the appropriateness of this management principle depends on many individual factors. This approach often leads to failure, which is why, for example, Cadbury & Schweppes created the Cadbury Corporate Governance Code, which describes procedures designed to protect the company from the excessive ego of the leader and convey important information to all participants in the process.

The author also tells an instructive story from his own experience. He wanted to start his work with the Tel Aviv Symphony Orchestra with a high-profile innovation. Itai Talgam divided the string section into quartets and placed the wind instruments between them. He suggested that in this way each of the musicians could feel like a soloist. The experiment failed: the participants were unable to communicate, being far from each other, so they played extremely poorly.

5 Leading Dance: Carlos Kleiber

Carlos Klaiber dances on stage: stretching out his arms, jumping up and down, bending over and swaying from side to side. At other times, he leads the orchestra with only his fingertips, and sometimes he just stands and listens to the musicians. On stage, the conductor shares his joy and multiplies it. He has a clear vision of the form and leads the musicians, but he does it not as a leader, but as a solo dancer. He constantly requires subordinates to participate in interpretations and does not load his instructions with details.

Such a leader manages not people, but processes. It provides subordinates with scope for innovation, stimulates them to create on their own. Employees share power and responsibility with the leader. In such a team, it is easy to correct a mistake and even transform it into something new. "Dancing" managers value ambitious employees, preferring them to those who are able to conscientiously perform their work according to instructions.

When it works

A similar principle applies when an ordinary employee may have more relevant information than the boss. As an example, the author cites his experience of working with agencies to combat terrorism. An agent in the field must be able to make decisions on his own, sometimes violating direct orders from the command, because he has the most complete and up-to-date knowledge of the situation.

When it doesn't work

When employees are not interested in the fate of the company. The author also claims that such an approach cannot be artificially imposed. This will work only if you are able to genuinely rejoice in the success of the employees and the result of the work.

6. Searching for Meaning: Leonard Bernstein

The secret of Leonard Bernstein's interaction with the orchestra is revealed not on stage, but off it. The conductor did not want to separate emotions, life experience and aspirations from music. For each of the musicians, Bernstein was not only a leader, but also a friend. He invited not a professional, but a person to work: in his orchestras, first of all, individuals perform, listen to and compose music, and only then subordinates.

Bernstein posed the main question for musicians: “Why?” This was: he did not force him to play, but made the person himself want to play. Everyone had their own answer to Bernstein's question, but everyone equally felt their involvement in the common cause.

When it works

The dialogue of management with employees and giving meaning to their activities will benefit any organization where the work of team members is not brought to a set of similar actions. An important condition for this is that employees must respect the leader and consider him competent.

When it doesn't work

Itay Talgam talks about a situation when he tried to apply the Bernstein method, but met only misunderstanding on the part of his subordinates. The reason was that many of the musicians of the Tel Aviv Symphony Orchestra were much older and did not know him at all. The first rehearsal didn't go well. "Something's wrong," Talgam told the orchestra. - I just don't know what. Tempo, intonation, something else? What do you think? What can be fixed? One of the older musicians stood up and said: “Where we came from, the conductor didn't ask us what to do. He knew what to do."

In The Ignorant Maestro, Itay Talgam not only talks about the management principles of great conductors, but also reveals three important qualities of an effective leader: ignorance, giving meaning to voids, and motivational listening. The author talks not only about what a leader should be like, but also about the role of subordinates in work communications. There is no universal principle of management; each effective leader develops it independently. And you can learn something and adopt some techniques from the six great conductors that are written about in this book.

Cycle of concert programs(Russia, 2010). 10 issues.

There are no more authoritative figures in modern musical culture than representatives of the world conducting elite. The creators of the cycle have chosen ten significant names of significance - Simon Rattle, Lorin Maazel, Daniel Barenboim, Maris Jansons, as well as their famous Russian colleagues,. Today they are universally recognized masters and leaders of the largest orchestras.

Each program is based on the performance of one of the named maestro with his orchestra.

Soloists: violinists Vadim Repin and Sergei Krylov, oboist Alexei Utkin, pianist Denis Matsuev and others.

The program is the most diverse - from I.S. Bach to A. Schoenberg and A. Pärt. All works are among the masterpieces of world music.

The host of the cycle is pianist Denis Matsuev.

1st release. .
Soloist Vadim Repin.
Program: I. Stravinsky. Symphony in three movements; M. Bruch. Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor; L. Beethoven. Symphony No. 7.

2nd issue. Vladimir Fedoseev and the Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra. P.I. Tchaikovsky.
Program: L. Beethoven. Symphony No. 4.
Recorded at the Golden Hall of the Musikverein in Vienna.

3rd edition. "Maris Jansons and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra".
Program: R. Wagner. Introduction and "Death of Isolde" from the opera "Tristan and Isolde"; R. Strauss. Suite of waltzes from the opera "Der Rosenkavalier".

4th edition. "Daniel Barenboim and the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra".
Program: V.A. Mozart. Concerto No. 7 in F major for three pianos and orchestra. Soloists - Daniel Barenboim, Yael Karet, Karim Said. A. Schoenberg. Variations for Orchestra. G. Verdi. Overture to the opera "Force of Destiny".

5th issue. "Vladimir Spivakov and the National Philharmonic Orchestra of Russia.
Sergei Prokofiev. Concerto No. 3 for piano and orchestra. Symphony No. 1 "Classical". Soloist Denis Matsuev. Recorded at the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory in 2008.

6th edition. "Lauryn Maazel and the Arturo Toscanini Symphony Orchestra"
Program: Giacchino Rossini. Overture to the opera "Italian in Algiers"; Johannes Brahms. Symphony No. 2.
Recorded in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory.

7th issue. Yuri Temirkanov and the Academic Symphony Orchestra of the St. Petersburg Philharmonic. D.D. Shostakovich.

8th issue. Yuri Bashmet and the Moscow Soloists Chamber Ensemble.
Program: Joseph Haydn - Concerto for cello and orchestra. Soloist Steven Isserlis (Great Britain), Niccolo Paganini - 5 caprices (arranged by E. Denisov for violin and chamber orchestra). Soloist Sergey Krylov (Italy); V.A. Mozart - Divertimento No. 1.
Recording in the BZK.

9th edition. Mikhail Pletnev and the Russian National Orchestra
The Russian National Orchestra will perform a suite from the ballet by P.I. Tchaikovsky "Swan Lake", composed by Mikhail Pletnev. Recording at the Bolshoi Theater of Russia as part of the Great RNO Festival, 2009.

10th issue. Valery Gergiev and the Mariinsky Theater Symphony Orchestra
The Mariinsky Theater Symphony Orchestra conducted by Valery Gergiev performs orchestral hits - overtures from operas by Rossini, Verdi, Wagner, waltzes from Tchaikovsky's ballets, fragments from Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet.