How to withstand psychological pressure? How to resist psychological pressure. The Psychology of Personal Suppression in a Concentration Camp by Bruno Bettelheim

Austrian psychiatrist who visited the Nazi concentration camps Bruno Bettelheim, singled out the methods of suppressing consciousness being introduced there (in addition to hard physical labor).

Here is how M. Maksimov retells the observations of Bruno Bettelheim:

Instilling in an adult the psychology of a child;
- chronic malnutrition;
- physical humiliation and/or constant threat of physical humiliation;
- deliberately meaningless norms and work;
- destruction of faith in one's future;
- preventing individual achievements and the possibility of somehow influencing one's position, etc.

“A familiar scene from camp life: an SS man forces a group of prisoners to perform meaningless “exercises”: “Get up! Lie down! Get up! Lie down! You look - and the hair begins to move on your head, you are seized by animal horror. It seems to be nothing to worry about. We are accustomed to seeing large groups of people carrying out commands in concert - the formation of soldiers, mass gymnastic exercises. The point, however, is that when a command is given, there is a small gap between its receipt and the start of execution - it takes time to process the command inside the person. However small this gap may be, the observer can easily catch it. So. The prisoner does not have this gap. The team instantly fails in the executive bodies. There is no processing inside, because there is no “inside”. This creature (it's not a person) has no inner content, no personality, no soul - whatever you want to call it. You understand this with your skin - and you are gripped by fear. You understand that you can do the same. I will call such a creature the "ideal prisoner". […]

The essence of the method is to instill the psychology of a child in an adult. This is evident throughout the camp. Chronic malnutrition makes a person think about food all the time. Constant topics of conversation among the prisoners: what was given or will be given in the dining room, what was managed to get in the camp store, stolen from the warehouse, exchanged for something valuable, what the SS men eat, etc. Further, in the camp, special, exaggerated attention is paid to cleanliness. Prisoners are constantly checked for cleanliness of hands, ears, shoes, and bedding. How are they punished? For an adult, in front of all honest people, they take off their pants and flog him with rods - a typical childish punishment. Further, in the camp there is a huge number of laws, regulations, instructions, regulations, and so on. Moreover, many of them are unknown to prisoners, often contradict each other and create such an environment in the camp in which every step you take is a violation. You are always in the state of a naughty schoolboy - you always have something to punish for. As a result, an adult begins to behave like a child. There are no strong, permanent attachments between the prisoners in the camp, there is no true friendship. Prisoners - like children, they quarrel, then make up, then quarrel again. Ethical standards are childish. It is considered a merit to steal, to steal something from the camp economy. The camp is full of voluntary informers, although informing is not rewarded in any way, does not create better conditions, does not save from the gas chamber. […]

Collective responsibility. The camp does not punish exactly the person who committed the offense. The entire group of prisoners in which the offender was located is subject to punishment. If the violation occurred in the barracks, the entire barracks is punished, if during work - the entire working team. There were times when the whole camp was responsible for the misconduct of one person. This method is good because it forces the prisoners themselves to make sure that everything in the camp is always in perfect order. Your comrades in misfortune will not let you perform a feat, an act - they will tie you hand and foot in time. A paradoxical situation - the interests of the SS and the prisoners begin to coincide. It is easy to understand that the ability to take responsibility for one's own actions is a powerful spiritual remedy, and in the camp it is unacceptable. […]

In the camp, constantly, approximately at the same level, the “background of terror” is maintained: from time to time, in front of the eyes of the prisoners, someone is flogged with rods, shot, sent to the gas chamber. Here is an SS man. He feels that in order to maintain this background, it is time to punish someone. Whom to choose when everyone is so indistinguishable - the same haircut, in the same striped pajamas? The one who at least somehow stands out from the crowd, that is, still retained something of his own, individual. The strength of this method lies in the fact that a person, in his natural striving for security, will himself carry out the inner work of destroying his personality in order to merge with this gray-striped mass, to become indistinguishable. […]

Another scene from camp life. The SS man mocks his victim. A group of prisoners approach the scene. About ten meters away, they all, as if on cue, defiantly turn their heads in the other direction and start jogging. The SS man stops them: "Look - it will be so with anyone who dares ...". What is going on? That's right - the prisoners show the SS man that they "do not see" what they are not supposed to see, but they see if they are ordered to. The essence of the method is the substitution of natural, spontaneous reactions of a person with reactions on orders: they order - I see, they order - I don’t see. Why is it forbidden to wear watches in the camp? Having a watch, you know how much time is left before lunch, you can distribute your forces, plan something yourself, manage the situation yourself, at least to some extent. This is a special case of the general rule - the absence of information about anything in the camp. Information is not just a convenience, it is an opportunity to independently assess the situation, it is some kind of right. And in the camp, a person is deprived of even the “most personal” right - the right to die. Suicide attempt was punishable by death. […]

The siren wailed. 45 minutes - to get up, make your bed, do your morning toilet, drink a cup of warm liquid called "coffee", and line up on the parade ground. Dressing beds - special attention. Everything should have an absolutely regular geometric shape: the corners are straight, the surfaces are flat. The pillow is in the shape of a cube, the quilt, on which a symmetrical rectangular pattern is specially applied, must be folded in a manner consistent with this pattern. And not just one bed, but a number of them in one aisle must be lined to the point - sometimes the SS men check the dressing of the beds with the help of geodetic instruments. Now imagine a barrack, two- or three-story bunks, and on them - people awakened by a siren after a six-hour nightmare-filled sleep. The one at the top inevitably spoils everything for the one at the bottom. And if even one bed is not made correctly, everyone will suffer. And you only have 45 minutes. There is a charge, charge of enmity and hatred for his own comrade, a prisoner. But now the beds are over, now - to the toilet. Well, the toilet is too strong a word. On a hut of a thousand people - five shocks open to all winds and gazes. A queue is forming. All prisoners have stomach problems due to poor nutrition, hard work and a general nervous environment. The queue moves unbearably slowly. She begins to urge the person occupying the push, insults, ridicule. You have to be in time, because later, during work, if you get caught, you will have to go to the SS man and, turning into a child, beg him for permission to go to the toilet. Having mocked you enough, he can allow it. Or maybe not allowed. There is a morning exercise with anger and hatred, which should be enough for the whole day. This caustic acid, accumulating inside a person, turns against him - corrodes his being.

Maksimov M., On the edge - and beyond it. Human behavior in extreme conditions, the journal "Knowledge is Power", 1988, N 3, p. 73-79.

Have you ever thought about how to morally kill a person? I think everyone thought about it. Starting from an early age, when a person is faced with a social environment, he begins to experience pressure. Peers test each other for strength, gradually transferring such behavior into adulthood. Someone leaves these childish pranks in the past. But there are people who like to humiliate others. How to fight back and forever discourage the desire to exercise on you?

How to morally kill a person while maintaining dignity

Suppose an insolent person speaks publicly, insultingly, sarcastically, makes inappropriate jokes, and scoffs in every possible way. The friendly laughter of his buddies surrounding anyone can unbalance. But... this situation can easily be turned against the offender. What does he expect from you? In Russian speaking, bummer. To show their superiority, such people assert themselves at the expense of others. This is a kind of duel: whose spirit is stronger? Now I will list a number of tips on how to morally kill a person in such a situation:

• Maintain equanimity. A calm, ironic attitude to attacks sobers up the offender, intrigues observers.
• To insulting questions like "Well, how is it ... so-and-so?" you can just say: I don’t know, you know better.
• All nasty things can be turned against the attacker, calmly mocking his words without dirt or insults. Don't stoop to the level of your opponent.
• Observers will quickly lose interest in the incident or even laugh at your clumsy attempts to humiliate you.
• Seeing your spiritual superiority, inner strength, the mocker will quickly retreat in search of a weaker victim.

There are times when we experience treacherous betrayal. Most immediately think about revenge, mentally savoring the details, imagining how they will act in response. But it is much more possible to morally kill a person, while maintaining dignity, spiritual nobility. Believe me, squabbles, plans for revenge, various nasty things in response humiliate you, making you petty. Later it will be most unpleasant, maybe even ashamed.

It is much wiser to act reasonably, prudently. Refute slander. Hidden intrigues to make public. Turn the meanness of the offender against him. Worst of all - public condemnation. However, think a hundred times, punishing others like this: maybe people deserve a second chance?

The best way to morally kill a person is to show him his baseness so that he clearly understands it. Pangs of conscience, mental humiliation, condemnation of others will make you seriously think about your own behavior. Maybe even fix it. I wish everyone to be worthy, wise, strong people, able to fight back any insolent!

One of the first materials by Ron Hubbard, which I came across about 20 years ago, was devoted to the topic of the so-called. "suppressive individuals". He struck me with the clarity and clarity of presentation, I remember, and most importantly, with the absolute absence of any similar analogues in the literature known to me. However, science has come a long way since then. And there are even clearer statements of the signs that you have a typical Suppressive Person in front of you, and this is worth at least being aware of. So, let's go .... -OM

Suppressive people—carriers of malignant narcissism, psychopathy, and antisocial traits—often exhibit inappropriate behavior in relationships, exploiting, humiliating, and hurting their partners, relatives, and loved ones as a result.

They use many distractions designed to misinform the victim and shift the responsibility for what is happening to her. Narcissistic personalities, such as psychopaths and sociopaths, use these techniques to avoid responsibility for their actions.

We list two dozen not too clean tricks with which inadequate people humiliate others and shut their mouths.

1) Gaslighting

Gaslighting is a manipulative technique that is most easily illustrated with such typical phrases as: “It didn’t happen,” “It seemed to you,” and “Are you crazy?”.

Gaslighting is perhaps one of the most insidious manipulation techniques because it aims to distort and undermine your sense of reality; it eats away at your ability to trust yourself, and as a result, you begin to question the legitimacy of your complaints of insults and mistreatment.

When a narcissist, sociopath, or psychopath uses this tactic against you, you automatically side with them in order to resolve the cognitive dissonance that has arisen. Two irreconcilable reactions are fighting in your soul: either he is mistaken, or my own feelings. The manipulator will try to convince you that the former is completely out of the question, and the latter is the pure truth, indicating your inadequacy.

2) Projection

One sure sign of depression is when a person is chronically unwilling to see their own shortcomings and uses everything in their power to avoid responsibility for them. This is called projection.

Projection is a defense mechanism used to displace responsibility for one's negative traits and behaviors by attributing them to another. Thus, the manipulator avoids admitting his guilt and responsibility for the consequences.

While we all use projection to some degree, clinical narcissist Dr. Martinez-Levi notes that projections often become a form of psychological abuse in narcissists.

Instead of acknowledging their own flaws, flaws, and transgressions, narcissists and sociopaths prefer to blame their own vices on their unsuspecting victims, in the most obnoxious and cruel way.

Instead of admitting that they could do with taking care of themselves, they prefer to shame their victims by making them responsible for their behavior. In this way, the narcissist causes others to experience the bitter shame that he feels towards himself.

For example, a pathological liar may accuse his partner of lying; a needy wife may call her husband "sticky" in an attempt to make him dependent; a bad employee may call the boss ineffective in order to avoid a truthful conversation about their own performance.

Narcissistic sadists love to play blame-shifting. Goals of the game: they win, you lose, the result - you or the whole world as a whole is to blame for everything that happened to them. Thus, you have to nurse their fragile egos, and in return you are pushed into a sea of ​​insecurity and self-criticism. Cool idea, right?

Solution? Don't "project" your own feelings of compassion or empathy onto the overwhelming person and don't take their poisonous projections on yourself. As manipulation expert Dr. George Simon writes in his book In Sheep's Clothing (2010), projecting one's own conscientiousness and value system onto others can encourage further exploitation.

Narcissists at the extreme end of the spectrum tend to be completely uninterested in introspection and change. It is important to break off all relationships and ties with suppressive people as soon as possible in order to lean on your own reality and begin to appreciate yourself. You don't have to live in a cesspool of other people's dysfunctions.

3) Hellishly pointless conversations

If you are hoping for thoughtful communication with a suppressive person, you will be disappointed: instead of an attentive interlocutor, you will get an epic brain blockage.

Narcissists and sociopaths use stream of consciousness, circling, personalization, projection, and gaslighting to confuse and confuse you whenever you disagree or challenge them.

This is done in order to discredit, distract and upset you, divert from the main topic and make you feel guilty about the fact that you are a living person with real thoughts and feelings that dare to be different from their own. In their eyes, the problem is your existence.

Ten minutes of arguing with a narcissist is enough and you are already wondering how you even got involved in this. You just disagreed with his ridiculous statement that the sky is red, and now your entire childhood, family, friends, career and lifestyle are mixed with dirt. This is because your disagreement contradicts his false belief that he is omnipotent and omniscient, which leads to the so-called narcissistic injury.

Remember, suppressive people are not arguing with you, they are essentially arguing with themselves, you are just an accomplice in a long, exhausting monologue. They love drama and live for it. Trying to find an argument that refutes their ridiculous claims, you are only throwing wood on the fire.

Don't feed narcissists - rather feed yourself the understanding that the problem is not with you, but with their abusive behavior. Stop communicating as soon as you feel the first signs of narcissism, and spend this time doing something pleasant.

Narcissists do not always boast outstanding intelligence - many of them are not used to thinking at all. Instead of wasting time and understanding different points of view, they make generalizations based on whatever you say, ignoring the nuances of your argument and your attempts to take into account different opinions.

And it's even easier to put some label on you - this automatically negates the value of any of your statements.

On a larger scale, generalizations and allegations are often used to discount phenomena that do not fit into baseless social prejudices, schemes and stereotypes; they are also used to maintain the status quo.

Thus, any one aspect of the problem is blown up so much that a serious conversation becomes impossible. For example, when popular personalities are accused of rape, many immediately begin to shout that such accusations sometimes turn out to be false.

And, although false accusations do occur, they are still quite rare, and in this case, the actions of one person are attributed to the majority, while the specific accusation is ignored.

These day-to-day manifestations of microaggressions are typical of a suppressive relationship. For example, you tell a narcissist that his behavior is unacceptable, and in response he immediately makes an allegation about your hypersensitivity or a generalization like: “You are always unhappy with everything” or “You are not happy with anything at all”, instead of paying attention to actual problem.

Yes, you may be oversensitive at times - but it's equally likely that your abuser is insensitive and callous most of the time.

Stick to the truth and try to resist unfounded generalizations, because this is just a form of completely illogical black and white thinking. Behind the overwhelming people, who spread allegatory generalizations, is not the full wealth of human experience - only their own limited experience, coupled with an inflated sense of self-worth.

5) Deliberately perverting your thoughts and feelings to the point of complete absurdity

In the hands of a narcissist or sociopath, your differences of opinion, justified emotions, and real experiences turn into character flaws and evidence of your irrationality.

Narcissists make up all sorts of tall tales, paraphrasing what you said in such a way that your position looks absurd or unacceptable. Let's say you point out to a suppressive friend that you don't like the way they talk to you.

In response, he twists your words: “Oh, and you are with us, so perfection itself?” or “So you think I’m bad?” even though you just expressed your feelings. This gives them the opportunity to nullify your right to think and feel about their inappropriate behavior and instills guilt in you when you try to set boundaries.

This common distraction is a cognitive distortion called "mind reading." Suppressive people think they know your thoughts and feelings. They regularly jump to conclusions based on their own reactions instead of listening carefully to you.

They act accordingly based on their own illusions and delusions and never apologize for the harm they cause as a result. Great masters of putting words into other people's mouths, they expose you as carriers of absolutely wildest intentions and opinions.

They accuse you of being inadequate before you even comment on their behavior, and this is also a form of preemptive defense.

The best way to draw a clear line with such a person is to simply say, "I didn't say that," ending the conversation if they continue to accuse you of something you didn't do or say. As long as the suppressive person has the ability to shift the blame and divert the conversation away from their own behavior, they will continue to make you feel ashamed for daring to contradict them.

6) Nagging and changing the rules of the game

The difference between constructive and overwhelming criticism is the absence of personal attacks and unattainable standards. These so-called "critics" have no desire to help you become better - they just like to find fault, humiliate and make a scapegoat out of you.

Narcissistic sadists and sociopaths resort to a sophism called "game changer" to ensure they have every reason to be constantly dissatisfied with you. This is when, even after you have provided all sorts of evidence to support your argument or accepted all possible measures to satisfy their request, they present you with a new requirement or want more evidence.

Do you have a successful career? The narcissist will nitpick why you are still not a multimillionaire. Did you satisfy his need for 24/7 babysitting? Now prove that you can remain "independent".

The rules of the game will constantly change and can easily even contradict each other; the sole purpose of this game is to get you to seek the attention and approval of a narcissist.

By constantly raising expectations or replacing them with new ones, overwhelming manipulators can instill in you a pervasive sense of worthlessness and a constant fear of inadequacy. By isolating one minor episode or one of your failures and blowing it up to gigantic proportions, the narcissist forces you to forget about your own strengths and instead worry about your weaknesses or shortcomings all the time.

It forces you to think of new expectations that you will now have to live up to, and as a result, you go out of your way to meet his every demand - and in the end it turns out that he still treats you badly.

Don’t be fooled by nit-picking and changing the rules of the game - if a person prefers to suck over some insignificant episode over and over again, while not paying attention to all your attempts to confirm his case or satisfy his requirements, then he is not driven at all by the desire to understand you. He is driven by the desire to make you feel that you must constantly strive to earn his approval. Appreciate and approve of yourself. Know that you are a whole person, and should not constantly feel ungrateful or unworthy.

7) Changing the subject to avoid responsibility

I call this maneuver the “what-of-me-syndrome?”. This is a literal digression from the topic under discussion in order to transfer attention to a completely different one. Narcissists do not want to discuss the issue of their personal responsibility, so they divert the conversation in the direction they want. Are you complaining that he doesn't make time for the kids? It will remind you of the mistake you made seven years ago. This maneuver knows neither time nor thematic framework and often begins with the words: "And when you ..."

At the public level, these techniques are used to derail discussions that challenge the status quo. A conversation about gay rights, for example, can be derailed as soon as one of the participants raises the issue of another pressing issue, diverting everyone's attention from the original dispute.

As Tara Moss, author of Speaking Out: A 21st Century Handbook for Women and Girls, points out, specificity is needed for proper consideration and resolution of issues - this does not mean that the topics raised along the way are not important, it just means that for each topic there are its time and its context.

Do not be distructed; if someone is trying to change concepts, use the “broken record” method, as I call it: keep repeating facts stubbornly without deviating from the topic. Move the arrows back, say: “I'm not talking about that now. Let's not get distracted." If it does not help, stop the conversation and direct your energy to a more useful channel - for example, find an interlocutor who is not stuck in mental development at the level of a three-year-old baby.

8) Covert and overt threats

Narcissists and other Suppressives feel very uncomfortable when their belief that the whole world is indebted to them, a false sense of superiority or colossal self-esteem is called into question by someone. They tend to make unreasonable demands on others—and in doing so, punish you for not living up to their unattainable expectations.

Instead of maturely resolving disagreements and seeking compromise, they try to deprive you of the right to your own opinion, seeking to teach you to be afraid of the consequences of any disagreement with them or non-compliance with their requirements. They respond to any disagreement with an ultimatum, their standard reaction is “do this, otherwise I will do that.”

If, in response to your attempts to mark the line or express an excellent opinion, you hear an orderly tone and threats, whether it be veiled hints or detailed promises of punishments, this is a sure sign: you are facing a person who is sure that everyone owes him, and he will never go on compromise. Take the threats seriously and show the narcissist that you are not joking by documenting them if possible and reporting them to the appropriate authorities.

9) Insults

Narcissists preemptively make a big deal of bullshit whenever they sense the slightest threat to their sense of superiority. In their understanding, only they are always right, and anyone who dares to say otherwise inflicts a narcissistic injury on them, leading to narcissistic rage.

According to Dr. Mark Goulston, narcissistic rage is not the result of low self-esteem, but rather a belief in one's own infallibility and a false sense of superiority.

In the lowest of this type, narcissistic rage takes the form of insults when they fail to otherwise influence your opinion or emotions. Insults are a quick and easy way to offend, humiliate and ridicule your intelligence, appearance or behavior, while depriving you of the right to be human. with your own opinion.

Insults can also be used to criticize your beliefs, opinions and ideas. A well-founded point of view or a compelling rebuttal suddenly becomes "ridiculous" or "idiotic" in the hands of a narcissist or sociopath who feels hurt but can't make a substantive objection.

Unable to find the strength to attack your argument, the narcissist attacks you, seeking in every possible way to undermine your authority and question your mental abilities. As soon as insults are used, it is necessary to interrupt further communication and unequivocally state that you do not intend to tolerate this.

Don't take it personally: understand that they resort to insults only because they don't know any other way to get their point across.

10) "Training"

Suppressive people train you to associate your strengths, talents, and happy memories with abuse, disappointment, and disrespect. To this end, they, as if by chance, make derogatory remarks about your qualities and properties that they themselves once admired, and also sabotage your goals, spoil your holidays, vacations and weekends.

They can even isolate you from friends and loved ones and make you financially dependent on them. You, like Pavlov's dogs, are essentially "trained", making you afraid to do all the things that once made your life rich.

Narcissists, sociopaths, psychopaths, and other Suppressives do this to draw attention to themselves and how you can meet their needs. If some external factor can prevent them from completely and completely controlling your life, they seek to destroy it. They need to be the center of attention all the time. In the idealization stage, you were the center of the narcissist's world - and now the narcissist should be the center of your world.

In addition, narcissists are naturally morbidly jealous and cannot stand the thought that anything can shield you even in the slightest from their influence. For them, your happiness is everything that is not available to them in their emotionally scarce existence.

After all, if you find that you can get respect, love, and support from someone who is not overwhelming, then what will keep you from parting with them? In the hands of a suppressive person, “training” is an effective way to get you to tiptoe and always stop halfway to your dream.

11) Slander and persecution

When suppressive persons cannot control how you perceive yourself, they begin to control how others perceive you; they take on the role of a martyr, making you look overwhelming.

Slander and gossip is a preemptive strike designed to destroy your reputation and tarnish your name so that you have no support left in case you do decide to end the relationship and leave the overwhelming partner. They may even harass and harass you or someone you know, ostensibly to "expose" you; this "exposure" is just a way to cover up your own overwhelming behavior by projecting it onto you.

Sometimes gossip hardens against each other two or even entire groups of people. The victim in a suppressive relationship with a narcissist often doesn't know what's being said about them as long as the relationship lasts, but usually the whole truth comes out when it breaks down.

Suppressive people will gossip behind your back (and to your face too), tell nasty things about you to your or your loved ones, spread rumors that make you the aggressor and them the victim, and attribute to you exactly those actions that you accuse them of. fear the most.

In addition, they will methodically, covertly and intentionally hurt you, so that later they will cite your reactions as evidence that they are the “victim” in your relationship.

The best way to counteract slander is to always control yourself and stick to the facts. This is especially true for conflict divorces with narcissists, who may deliberately provoke you in order to use your reactions against you later.

If possible, document any form of harassment, intimidation and abuse (including online), try to communicate with the narcissist only through your lawyer. When it comes to harassment and intimidation, you should contact law enforcement; it is advisable to find a lawyer who is well versed in narcissistic personality disorder. Your honesty and sincerity will speak for themselves as the mask begins to peel off the narcissist.

12) Love bombardment and devaluation

Suppressive people take you through the stage of idealization until you take the bait and start a friendship or romantic relationship with them. Then they begin to devalue you, expressing contempt for everything that initially attracted them to you.

Another typical case is when a suppressive person puts you on a pedestal and begins to aggressively devalue and humiliate someone else who threatens his sense of superiority.

Narcissists do this all the time: they scold their exes around new partners/partners, and over time begin to treat new ones with the same disdain. Ultimately, any partner of a narcissist will experience the same thing as the previous ones.

In such a relationship, you will inevitably become another ex, whom he will vilify in the same way with his next girlfriend. You just don't know it yet. So don't forget about the love bombardment method if your partner's behavior towards others contrasts sharply with the sugary sweetness that he displays in a relationship with you.

As personal development instructor Wendy Powell suggests, a good way to resist love bombardment from someone you find potentially overwhelming is to take your time.

Keep in mind that the way a person speaks of others can foreshadow how they will one day feel about you.

13) Preemptive Defense

When someone overemphasizes that he/she is a “nice guy” or “nice girl”, they immediately begin to say that you should “trust him (her)”, or assure you of their honesty out of the blue - be careful.

Suppressive and violent individuals exaggerate their ability to be kind and compassionate. They often tell you that you should "trust" them without first building a solid foundation for such trust.

They can skillfully "disguise" themselves, portraying a high level of empathy and empathy at the beginning of your relationship, only to later reveal their true identity. When the cycle of violence reaches the stage of devaluation, the mask begins to slip, and you see their true nature: terribly cold, callous and dismissive.

Genuinely good people rarely have to constantly boast about their positive qualities - they exude warmth rather than talk about it, and they know that actions are much more important than words. They know that trust and respect is a two-way street that requires reciprocity, not constant suggestion.

To counter preemptive defense, consider why the person emphasizes their good qualities. Because he thinks you don't trust him, or because he knows he's not trustworthy? Judge not by empty words, but by deeds; it is actions that will tell you whether the person in front of you matches the one he claims to be.

14) Triangulation

Referring to an opinion, point of view, or the threat of drawing an outsider into the communication dynamic is called "triangulation." A common technique for asserting the rightness of the suppressive individual and discounting the victim's reactions, triangulation often leads to love triangles in which you feel defenseless and unbalanced.

Narcissists love to triangulate with strangers, co-workers, ex-spouses, friends, and even family members to make them jealous and insecure. They also use the opinions of others to support their point of view.

This maneuver is designed to divert your attention from the psychological abuse and present the narcissist in a positive way as a popular, desirable person. Plus, you start to doubt yourself: since Mary agrees with Tom, it turns out that I'm still wrong? In fact, narcissists are happy to “tell” you nasty things that others supposedly said about you, while they themselves say nasty things behind your back.

To counter triangulation, remember that whoever the narcissist triangulates you with, that person is also triangulated by your relationship with the narcissist. Essentially, the narcissist is in charge of all the roles. Answer him with your own "triangulation" - find the support of a third party beyond his control, and do not forget that your position also has value.

15) Lure and pretend to be innocent

Suppressives create a false sense of security to make it easier for them to demonstrate their cruelty. It is worth such a person to drag you into a meaningless, random quarrel - and it will quickly develop into a showdown, because he does not know the feeling of respect.

Petty disagreement can be bait, and even if you initially restrain yourself as polite, you will quickly realize that it is driven by a malicious desire to humiliate you.

Having "lured" you with a seemingly innocent comment disguised as a rational argument, they begin to play with you. Remember, narcissists know your weaknesses, mean words that undermine your self-confidence, and painful topics that open up old wounds - and they use this knowledge in their machinations to provoke you.

Once you have swallowed the bait whole, the narcissist will calm down and innocently ask if you are “okay”, assuring that he “did not mean” to stir your soul. This feigned innocence takes you by surprise and makes you believe he didn't really mean to hurt you, until it starts to happen so often that you can no longer deny his obvious malicious intent.

It is advisable to immediately understand when they are trying to lure you in order to stop communication as soon as possible. Common baiting techniques are provocative statements, insults, hurtful accusations, or unfounded generalizations.

Trust your intuition: if some phrase seemed to you somehow “not like that”, and this feeling did not go away even after the interlocutor explained it, perhaps this is a signal that you should slowly comprehend the situation before reacting.

16) Boundary Checking and Vacuuming Tactics

Narcissists, sociopaths, and other Suppressives are constantly testing your boundaries to see which ones can be violated. The more violations they can commit with impunity, the further they will go.

This is why survivors of emotional and physical abuse often face even more abuse whenever they decide to return to their abusers.

Abusers often resort to "vacuum cleaner tactics", as if "sucking" their victim back with sweet promises, fake remorse and empty words about how they change, only to subject them to new bullying.

In the sick mind of the abuser, this boundary testing serves as a punishment for trying to resist the violence, as well as for returning to it. When a narcissist tries to start over from scratch, reinforce the boundaries even more, rather than retreat from them.

Remember: manipulators do not respond to empathy and sympathy. They only react to the consequences.

17) Aggressive injections under the guise of jokes

Covert narcissists love to tell you nasty things. They pass them off as “just jokes”, as if reserving the right to make disgusting comments while maintaining an innocent calm. But as soon as you get angry at rude, obnoxious remarks, they accuse you of not having a sense of humor. This is a common technique for verbal abuse.

The manipulator betrays a contemptuous smirk and a sadistic gleam in his eyes: like a predator playing with prey, he enjoys the fact that he can offend you with impunity. This is just a joke, right?

Not this way. It's a way to convince you that his insults are just a joke, a way to turn the conversation from his cruelty to your alleged hypersensitivity. In such cases, it is important to stand your ground and make it clear that you will not tolerate such treatment.

When you bring these subtle insults to the attention of the manipulator, he can easily resort to gaslighting, but continue to defend your position that his behavior is unacceptable, and if it does not help, stop communicating with him.

18) Condescending sarcasm and patronizing tone

Putting others down and belittling is the strength of the Suppressive Person, and tone of voice is just one of many tools in their arsenal. Giving each other sarcastic remarks can be fun when it's mutual, but the narcissist uses sarcasm purely as a form of manipulation and humiliation. And if it hurts you, then you are "too sensitive."

It doesn't matter that he himself throws tantrums whenever someone dares to criticize his inflated ego - no, it is precisely the victim who is "oversensitive". When you are constantly being treated like a child and being challenged for your every statement, you develop a natural fear of expressing your feelings without fear of reprimand.

This kind of self-censorship saves the abuser from having to shut your mouth because you are doing it yourself.

When faced with a condescending demeanor or patronizing tone, state it clearly and concisely. You do not deserve to be spoken to like a child, and even more so you do not have to remain silent for the sake of someone's megalomania.

19) Shaming

"Aren `t you ashamed!" - a favorite saying of suppressive people. Although it can be heard from quite normal people, in the mouth of a narcissist and a psychopath, shame is an effective method of dealing with all sorts of attitudes and actions that threaten their undivided power.

It is also used to destroy and nullify the victim's self-esteem: if the victim dares to be proud of something, then instilling shame in him for that particular trait, quality or achievement can lower his self-esteem and stifle any pride in the bud.

Narcissists, sociopaths, and psychopaths love to use your wounds against you; they may even make you feel ashamed of the wrongs or abuse you have suffered, causing you new psychological trauma.

Did you experience abuse as a child? A narcissist or sociopath will tell you that you somehow deserved it, or brag about their own happy childhood in order to make you feel inadequate and worthless.

What better way to offend you than to pick up old wounds? Like a physician in reverse, a suppressive person seeks to deepen your wound rather than heal it.

If you suspect that you are dealing with a suppressive person, try to hide your vulnerabilities or long-term trauma from him. Until he proves that he can be trusted, you should not give him information that can then be used against you.

20) Control

Most importantly, suppressive people seek to control you in any way they can. They isolate you, manage your finances and social circles, and rule over every aspect of your life. But the most powerful tool in their arsenal is playing on your feelings.

That is why narcissists and sociopaths create conflict situations out of the blue, as long as you feel insecure and unstable. That is why they constantly argue over trifles and get angry at the slightest provocation.

That is why they become emotionally isolated, and then again rush to idealize you, as soon as they feel that they are losing control. That is why they oscillate between their true and false selves, and you never feel psychologically safe because you cannot understand what your partner really is.

The more power they have over your emotions, the more difficult it will be for you to trust your feelings and realize that you have been the victim of psychological abuse. By learning about manipulative techniques and how they undermine your self-confidence, you can understand what you are up against and at least try to regain control of your own life and stay away from overwhelming people.

Before analyzing the methods of influence, we will analyze the question of what is influence and what is influence.

These are completely different things. How do they differ from each other?

Imagine that two men are talking on the street. And then a usable female passes by them, smoothly shaking her lower back. They instantly forget what they were talking about, all their smart conversations remain somewhere on the sidelines, and they follow her with their eyes. Did she have any effect on them? No, she just walked by. Did she influence them? Of course it did. The question is what is influence, and how does it differ from influence?

In the yard where I grew up, there lived one district police officer. Like Pushkin, his name was Alexander Sergeevich. He was about two meters tall and shaped like a doorway. He always went in civilian clothes, and a police cap on his head. He spent most of his time in the basement. So, when he appeared in the yard, he immediately created a certain climate. Immediately everyone began to speak more quietly, all kinds of parties stopped, all the punks in the yard ran and hid, all the hooligans tried to behave as inconspicuously as possible, and everyone got up and greeted him. Did he affect anyone? He just walked from the rocking chair to the Stronghold. But even with his appearance, he had a certain influence on people.

Influence starts with appearance. With caste identification. We can make an impact simply by our appearance. When we choose a cast skin, we choose an instrument of influence.

What do people immediately pay attention to? Appearance, posture. On the chosen style of clothing. On an appropriately chosen role-playing game - who do you play in this life. Even when we see a person for the first time, we immediately determine for ourselves who is in front of us: "Dull smart guy" or "Charming bastard" or vice versa - "Intellectual Superman".

But if we choose some model of behavior, it means that we are already acting purposefully, but this action is not directed at a specific person. This is influence. We have not done or said anything yet, but with our clothes, movements, facial expressions, we have had a certain influence, aroused a certain attitude towards ourselves.

One of the first factors that people pay attention to is the color of the clothes.

The color we have chosen not only reflects our psycho-emotional state, but it, in turn, begins to influence us. That is, if we accustom ourselves to some color, we change our behavior according to this color.

The first color that affects the psyche of people is black! If a person accustoms himself to the black color in clothes, he develops certain traits in himself - authoritarianism, every possible rejection of other people's opinions and the widespread imposition of his own opinion on everyone.

The opposite of black is white. This is the color of adaptation. It means the desire to get in touch, to establish a common language. Any color mixed with black will be black. Mix any color with white, it will be the same color, but a little thinner.

Between black and white is gray. The so-called "civilian uniform" is a gray suit. This is emotional passivity, that is, not involvement, neither here nor there. "Citizen, let's go" - and a citizen can rejoice, can shout, can be indignant, but this should not affect the state of the one who said: "Citizen, let's go."

Next are warm colors. The hottest color is red. What is red in nature? Blood! Fire! Red symbolizes aggression. Therefore, when the GDP appears at the negotiations in the Council of Europe in a red tie, everything falls into place. If I were in his place, I would have written a “badge” like this - “everything is in the stall!” – this applies to everyone in the Council of Europe. Here is a behavior pattern: aggression - adjustment - aggression and - black suit - suppression. Suppression of interlocutors.

Yellow is the color of positive activity, the color of the sun. The halos of advanced people were always drawn in gold, that is, yellow. And orange, respectively - aggression and positive activity - in half.

Now brown. What is brown in nature? Right! This color is by no means associated with chocolate, and not even with coffee. Therefore, avoid brown at all costs. Also stay away from those who like brown.

Cool colors remain. Blue! In nature, blue is the sky and the sea. Those who often look at the sky and the sea are dreamers, romantics. Choosing the color blue cultivates romanticism and sentimentality.

Lilac, violet, lilac are also cold colors. Introversion, self-absorption, the desire to turn your movie in your head.

Green - focusing on yourself.

All kinds of cells, drawings, peas - this is neuroticism, nervous exhaustion. If you accustom yourself to such “specks”, you develop neuroticism in yourself. Therefore, I always try to dissuade my followers from all sorts of "peas", "specks" and other things.

Cravings for wearing shiny objects, all kinds of bracelets, rings, watches with metal bracelets, belt buckles, silver and gold badges on clothes are all signs of psychopathy. Those who prefer such things tend to be slightly psychopathic. This is neither good nor bad. This is a feature!

By the way, about psychotypes. There are many nuances associated with professionalism.

I can tell you for sure that, for example, not a single good analyst can not be a schizoid. Because only a schizoid can look at a problem from different angles, and this is a mandatory quality for an analyst. And any good artist is also certainly a schizoid. This is a man who sees things a little differently. He can't help but have an altered reality.

On the other hand, no good coach can not be a psychopath. A psychopath is, firstly, a slightly paranoid person fixated on one idea, and secondly, he is usually prone to not always adequate words and not always adequate actions. This is not a hysteric - a hysteroid that kicks everything, screams and beats in hysterics and in tears. In a psychopath, the reaction may be exacerbated or painful, or, on the contrary, blunted. A good coach is simply obliged to be a psychopath, otherwise he will not be able to inspire and influence. This is a pattern, and it does not matter in what area he trains - in martial arts, in hockey or in psychology.

An accountant must be an epileptoid. Otherwise, he simply will not be able to thoughtfully and painstakingly do the same thing. Only an epileptoid can walk around the store and over and over again ask the price of goods that he does not need. Or, for example, sawing trees with a jigsaw. Cyclothymics are individuals who have seven Fridays a week, which change all the time. Either he is a schizoid, or he is a paranoid.

Managers - sales or purchasing - are all necessarily paranoid individuals. They need to sell or buy without fail, which means they have to go in cycles. There is even a separate mental illness - the manager's syndrome. I'm not saying it's a disease, it's an accentuation. Illness is a diagnosis. And accentuation is a general direction.

What starts influencing people right after you show up, before you talk, before you look? First of all, the surroundings are affected by the smell. Why is smell so important? In the animal world, everyone perceives each other by smell. The same thing happens among people. From the fact that people began to smoke, sniff various products and chew gum, the human scent, of course, worsened, but did not disappear completely. Something in the smell is still preserved for perception.

The smell of the male of the dominant male is the most attractive. It suppresses the will of other males and causes a positive reaction in females. The scent of the dominant female should come from the female, which, in turn, suppresses the will of other females and attracts males.

One ad touches me - they show a girl who rides a tram, and she has a pig under her arm. And then she uses some kind of another deodorant, and everyone becomes crazy about her. This ad is utter idiocy. Remember: if you have a normal metabolism, the smell of sweat can not be unpleasant. In persons of the same sex, this smell is neutral, that is, neither pleasant nor unpleasant. In people of the opposite sex, he is attractive. But this only applies to the smell of fresh sweat. The smell becomes unpleasant after 12 hours, when the sweat begins to decompose.

Therefore, I still advise you to wash regularly. But I do not advise using deodorants and other perfumes. For one simple reason: in our time, all sorts of sodomites-couturiers, gay people are engaged in the invention of perfumes. Of course, they can not choose the right scents - neither for men nor for women.

What scents should you use?

My friends, do not invent bicycles. Everything was invented long before you. Read and remember! The inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the countries of the Maghreb and North Africa, the inhabitants of the Middle East have been using these systems for more than one thousand years.

For men, the dominant smell is musk or musk. These are the glands of the musk deer gazelle. This gazelle is found in North Africa, in Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East. She has musk glands, from which musk is secreted. A huge amount of a specific “perfume” is made from one gram of musk. The strongest musk - the most rigid and dominant - is black. White - inferior to black in strength and intensity, it is softer. There is also an average - not white and not black - red.

For women, the dominant scent is ambergris. This substance is secreted by female sperm whales, and the male sperm whale smells this smell tens of kilometers through the water. And rushes in the appropriate direction without making a mistake. From amber, real perfumers can also do a lot of useful things. How do musk and amber work? Bypassing human consciousness. You may like these smells, you may not like them - it does not matter at all. Because they have other means of influence. In fact, this is to some extent a deception of nature. You add certain enzymes to yourself, which, by and large, suppress the will of other people, and the more concentrated they are, the more they suppress.

So, the smells of musk and amber give the dominant individual a feeling of even greater dominance. As already mentioned, they suppress, subjugate individuals of the same sex and cause attraction in individuals of the opposite sex.

In everything that I propose, there is nothing complicated at all, in fact, everything is crazy and fabulously simple.

In principle, all psychology is a very simple thing. Remember, only what is simple always works. Complex will not work. Anyone who has been involved in martial arts knows: you can learn a lot of beautiful coordinating and complex techniques, but will they be useful in practice? In real combat conditions, two kicks, two punches, two throws work. Well, or three hits and two throws. All. Also in psychology, the simplest techniques work best.

So, first of all, we perceive the smell of a person. What are we celebrating next? Posture and plasticity of movements, body position.

Few people can boast of good posture - after all, from childhood we were taught to stoop. We were weaned from walking straight as a string. If we straightened up, we were told that we were proud, exalted and turned up our noses. The girls were supposed to be ashamed of the fact that their bust was beginning to form, and not to put it forward, but to hide it, pushing their shoulders and bending over.

Moreover, we periodically wanted to look as harmless as possible in front of the teachers, and for this it was necessary to cross the upper limbs on the genitals, and the lower ones on each other. And at the same time, of course, I had to stoop and push my shoulders forward, press my head into my shoulders, and wear a very intelligent expression on my face.

If a person is beaten or constantly intimidated, he will begin to hold his hands, as if covering himself, will begin to stoop. How will he feel about it?

Check it out yourself. Try to bend your back, slouch. Lower your head and arms and look around frowningly. How do you feel? Proud, free, independent? Probably not! Now straighten up! Take your shoulders back, put your foot a little forward, put your hand on your belt, straighten your head. Have your feelings changed, your facial expressions? So, does our internal state depend on the position of the body and posture? Certainly!

Exercise 1

Raise your right hand up, raise your head, look up and stretch strongly towards the ceiling. Stretch your shoulder as much as possible, so that your back crunches. Don't be afraid, it won't come off! Slowly, across the side, lower your hand.

Do the same with the other hand. Pull until it hurts, until it crunches, so that the shoulder and back stretch as much as possible.

Now both hands are up, to the pain, to the crunch up.

Now slowly lower your shoulders and pull up the crown.

Shoulders forward, up, towards the ears, and down, back. Remember your posture, it should be just like that.

Exercise 2

Spread your arms out to the sides and stretch your arms where you can't reach. First with the right hand, then with the left. Lower your arms slowly.

And again: shoulders forward, to the ears, and down, back.

Sit on a chair while keeping your back straight. The hands rest on the top of the thigh, in the middle of the thigh. The back is straight, bend the muscles on the back. Pull your shoulders back. Buttocks also back, straighten your back so that the s-curve of the spine decreases.

You can stay in this position for as long as you like. Have you tried going anywhere with a weight on your back? If you bend your back, you will get tired after a hundred steps. You can walk easily only if your back is straight. Here is the same. You can work on a computer, you can sit for hours with a straight back. Remember - the back of the chair is for the disabled! Forget about her. Just sit as far as possible with your buttocks, bend at the waist, take your shoulders back - and that's it.

If, under the weight of your brain, your head leans to one shoulder, then to the other, you need to fight it. How?

Exercise 3

Grab your head with your hand, rest your ear on your shoulder, pull your head slightly, tilting your ear to your shoulder. Now to the other side.

After that, for some time the head will be kept straight. Then again, under the weight of the brain, it will begin to lean either to the right or to the left. Then repeat the exercise again.

Exercise 4

Sit on your left buttock, lift your right leg, pull the toe as far as possible. Sit on your right buttock. Stretch your left leg as far as you can. Sit straight and, while sitting, stretch your crown up.

These exercises need to be done constantly. Indirect consequences - add a little in height, a couple of centimeters. Checked! The legs and arms are likely to be slightly lengthened. In fact, of course, the bones will not become longer, this is due to the fact that the joints straighten out, cease to be compressed.

The plasticity of movements is also very important.

The softer and more plastic your movements, the greater the feeling of power emanating from you. You should always move, as it were, a little bit with a margin. As if you are showing that you have a little more strength than you need for this movement.

There was such a weightlifter - David Rigert. Raising the bar, he always tossed it a little up. Tossed and laid on the ground. It did not require any effort, because the barbell is tossed up with the legs - a little up. But how it impressed the audience! Even if he lifted the bar with the last of his strength with circles before his eyes, it seemed to the audience that he did it effortlessly.

For women, there is a slightly different plastic scheme. Dear ladies, you must constantly, every moment, move as if a huge number of men are looking at you with admiration, while licking their lips on the go. And a huge number of women look at you with hatred and envy. All the time, even alone with yourself, you must imagine that you are being watched.

Can you look straight ahead and smile?

From childhood we were taught to hide our eyes. For example, you are walking down the street, your mother is holding your hand. A man drives by in a wheelchair. You are interested, you want to look at him, but you hear: “Don’t stare at your uncle, this is not good!” A drunken aunt picks her nose, you also stare at her, but again they say to you: “Don’t look at your aunt, it’s indecent!”

We have heard too often: “Why are you looking at me like that?” – and learned to lower their eyes.

Smile and laugh we also weaned. For example, a teacher at school sits on a chair, where one of the students carefully put a button - and bounces. This is very funny, you laughed, and you are punished for it. Dad hammers a nail into the wall, hits his finger instead of a nail and bursts into a tirade about the imperfection of the universe. And now you are already laughing - and you get a slap on the back of the head. We were taught not to smile, not to laugh, to wear a serious sad expression on our faces.

You should develop the skill of smiling and talking to people with a smile on your face. By smile, I don't mean dumb Hollywood "cheese", but something else.

Exercise 5

Relax your facial muscles, look straight ahead into the eyes of an imaginary interlocutor (you can stand in front of a mirror) and slightly lift the corners of your lips. Now, without lowering the corners of your lips and looking straight ahead, say a phrase. Work on this skill for yourself: speak with a slight smile, looking into your eyes.

This technique is called soft suppression. On a subconscious level, a smile is a grin, a direct look into the eyes is aggression. Consciousness perceives a smile as a manifestation of goodwill, and a look into the eyes as openness and sincerity. Therefore, when people communicate with you, there will be a strong contradiction. Consciously they will perceive you as a benevolent and open person, and subconsciously as a source of overwhelming aggression. And this is where a remarkable psychological phenomenon will manifest itself: the transformation of fear into respect. Subconsciously fearing you, people will begin to look for positive traits in you, find them and be filled with reverence for your person.

If a person does not smile, and the corners of his lips are constantly lowered, this indicates that in front of you is a pessimist, a loser. And failure is as contagious as the flu. Stay away from such people. If you notice that the corners of your lips are starting to droop, do this exercise:

Exercise 6

Place your thumbs on your upper lip and turn your fingers inward to lift the corners of your lips. And you say something, for example: “Winter! The peasant, triumphant, takes his Hammer out of the gate. Slowly release your hands, and leave this smile.

Do the exercise for a minute, two or three times a day, until the corners of the lips begin to rise on their own.

Everything that we were inspired in childhood affected our psyche - we no longer withstand a direct look, we weakened.

A strong person should have a straight look, a slight smile should always be on his face.

The managers of the Sony Corporation, in general, are not the last sheep in the world, spent 150 hours in 2003 practicing a constant smile and a direct look - and this is in a country where smiling and making eye contact is a national tradition. This training was needed in order to learn how to more effectively subordinate other people to your will.

Here is a curious episode showing how important it is to use facial expressions correctly. This is a story about how a French doctor from the International Red Cross died in Chechnya. Several… how to call it more delicately… employees of an illegal armed group were dragging a stretcher with their wounded comrade. And the Frenchman, like all Europeans, saw them and smiled at them. People left the battle and are carrying a wounded comrade, and in front of them is some kind of monkey and grinning. What is their reaction? The doctor was shot dead on the spot. Later it was only found out that he, it turns out, did not gloat, but simply smiled.

Therefore, you should not have this American “keep smiling” either. If a person comes towards you with a smile from ear to ear, does it mean that he is open, friendly, well disposed towards you? In the English-speaking countries of the 80s - maybe. But in the Slavic world, such a wide smile would rather mean doubting the interlocutor's mental usefulness. You should have a light smile, just an even, relaxed position, slightly raised corners of the lips.

There are various techniques for influencing the interlocutor. Body position, gestures, facial expressions, look - all this can be tools of your influence on people.

Mimicry is one of the tools of influence.

Suppose your goal is to suppress a persona.

The technique is simple: you look past the person, you have a slight half-smile on your face - slightly raised corners of the lips. You look at the person and your smile disappears. Look away again - a smile appears.

And so several times.

It is almost imperceptible, but acts bypassing consciousness. After five or six repetitions, your actions - the appearance and disappearance of a smile - begin to influence the psyche of the interlocutor, his internal state. A person begins to suspect that something is wrong with him, look around his clothes and so on. However, he does not understand why he feels uncomfortable.

If, on the contrary, you want to cheer up a person, win her over, pull her into positive communication, you must act in the opposite way.

You keep a neutral expression when you look away from the person, and smile slightly when you look at him. And just repeat it several times. It is necessary to smile just slightly, a wide smile can lead a person to the idea that you are laughing at him.

Your interlocutor receives a positive emotional background tied to your person. This is a mind-bypassing effect on the evoking of positive emotions.

As a basic exposure technique, I recommend keeping your gaze just below the eyes of the interlocutor.

A person always subconsciously tries to catch the eye of the one with whom he is talking. And to catch your eye, he will have to stoop, that is, take a subordinate position in which it is very difficult to maintain pride and dignity. This technique also works bypassing consciousness.

Grandfather Freud was a very smart guy. He wrote that we always have two dialogues: one is at the level of consciousness (the words that we pronounce), the other is at the level of gestures, facial expressions and views.

There is a conference of psychologists-trainers. A man and a woman are talking about holding corporate trainings, about investing in personnel. The lady periodically lowers her eyes and glances at the male. The male specimen periodically holds his gaze on the lady's neckline and reluctantly looks back at her eyes. At the level of consciousness, they have a dialogue about training and investment. On the animal, subconscious level, this is an erotic self-presentation, an erotic worldview. Two dialogues are going on at the same time - and this is always the case.

The two men are negotiating a corporate merger. One man leans back in his chair and, swaying on it, says to the other: "I'm sorry, I forgot your name and patronymic." The second throws his hands behind his head, puts his foot on his foot, with the sole to the interlocutor and asks: “Pavel Pavlovich, excuse me, but are you really the first person in your company?” On a conscious level, they clarified each other's positions. On a subconscious level, things are not so simple. The first man, pretending to have forgotten the name of the interlocutor, demonstrated his position as the owner. The second, having taken the appropriate posture (hands behind the head, foot on foot, shaking the toe of the foot), demonstrated his superiority, the extreme degree of superiority. At a subconscious level, their dialogue went something like this:

- I am dominant. Low-ranking, take a humiliated pose.

- No, it's me - the dominant, it's you - low-ranking, take a humiliated pose.

One can guess that they hardly managed to reach an agreement.

Consider how you can influence people with gestures. The position of the body relative to the interlocutor is also of great importance. You are standing in front of the interlocutor - he feels the opposition (Fig. 1). An appropriate hand gesture intensifies the confrontation, the interlocutor perceives your posture as aggressive (Fig. 2). The closer you get, the more aggressive you feel (Figure 3).

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If you get close to the person, the opposition disappears even if you are close enough (Fig. 4). Such a posture means that you, as it were, are opposed to something together, and does not cause a feeling of aggression in the interlocutor, but, on the contrary, unites you.

You sit in front of the interlocutor, slightly leaning towards him - he perceives you as a character interested in communication (Fig. 5). But if you increase the slope, creating the appearance of being ready to jump (legs are brought under the center of gravity, hands rest on the upper third of the thigh), the interlocutor feels quite strong aggression - as if you could jump up and rush at him at any moment (Fig. 6). He feels it on a subconscious level.

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You sit straight, not deviating anywhere (Fig. 7). This position expresses complete neutrality. If you lean back and assume a relaxed posture (Fig. 8),

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you show a lack of interest in the conversation. But if at the same time you sit next to each other, the interlocutor's feelings change - this position shows that, on the one hand, the person is relaxed, on the other hand, he is friendly towards the interlocutor (Fig. 9).

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When you lean back, crossing your legs and turning the sole towards the interlocutor, you express neglect (Fig. 10). You can further enhance this feeling by throwing your hands behind your head - an extreme degree of neglect (Fig. 11).

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At the same time, if you throw your leg to the other side and turn away from the interlocutor, you are already demonstrating your own insecurity and fear (Fig. 12). It will be especially expressive if you hold some object in front of you - a folder or a book.

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Most postures take on a completely different meaning when you're talking to a woman. Here the tactics may be slightly different. The “ready to jump” position, when the legs are under the center of gravity, the man will perceive as aggression, and the lady, on the contrary, will perceive it positively, as a manifestation of interest - she has other associations (Fig. 13). If you sit nearby, with a slight inclination towards the interlocutor, you will also cause positive sensations with some erotic admixture (Fig. 14).

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When you sit back in your chair, the lady you are talking to feels superior and relaxed (Fig. 15). A closed posture, when you turn away, as it were, will cause a feeling of distrust and tension (Fig. 16).

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When you, standing opposite, make a movement towards the interlocutor, your movement suppresses the man, and the woman, on the contrary, attracts and causes a response movement towards you (Fig. 17). But if you stand next to the lady, turning in the same direction as her, you show her neutrality and detachment (Fig. 18).

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Coming very close to the interlocutor, you will cause her the same rejection as a man, because this posture expresses too high a degree of aggressiveness, and she will not have any response towards you (Fig. 19).

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Now the situation is when you communicate while sitting at the table. If you sit opposite the interlocutor, you demonstrate your superiority and suppress it (Fig. 20). By leaning back, you show extreme disdain, telling your interlocutor that he is nothing (Fig. 21).

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On the other hand, if you sit on the side, you demonstrate a subordinate position (Fig. 22).

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The interlocutor develops a positive attitude. An even more expressive demonstration of your harmlessness is when you turn slightly in the same direction as the interlocutor (Fig. 23). You can talk about anything, but in this position you will never evoke negative emotions. Therefore, if you are communicating with some important person, try to sit on the side. Sitting in this way, you can explain, tell, show something, and they will listen to you. And sitting opposite, you will cause rejection and opposition.

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An important person can be a lady, nothing changes from that. Remember that in human society the criteria "male" and "female" are shifted. A lady can perceive you as an erotic object only at a deep subconscious level. And on the conscious, she perceives you as a factor. Not as a person, but as a factor, for example, hindering or contributing to her personal enrichment.

Try not to put your hands or elbow on the table of the interlocutor. Better put some paper and show with a pen. Only by the edge, with the fingertips touching the table (Fig. 24). If you encroach on the territory of the interlocutor (Fig. 25), you cause negative emotions. It's better not to.

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Thus, you can see that changing the position of the body relative to the interlocutor affects his mental and emotional state.

The next instrument of influence is gestures.

There are gestures aimed at suppressing the will of the interlocutor.

In any simian community, the dominant male dominates the low-ranking males when he starts behaving towards the low-ranking male as towards a female. He is obliged to take a humiliated pose, to show that he is not a male, but only a female - to close the phallus with his paws and stoop. And the dominant pats himself on the genital area, pokes his finger in the genital area of ​​the low-ranking one and yells at him.

So, the first gesture model: you direct gestures from the outer circle to the inner one. And focus the gesture on the genital area (Fig. 26).

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The interlocutor does not understand what you are doing, but your gestures suppress his will. You seem to give the command: “Low-ranking, take a humiliated pose! You are not a male, but only a female!” Given that in human society the concepts of "male" and "female" are shifted, women can also use this technology of influence.

So, there is a whole group of gestures of suppression.

Have you noticed what precise gestures our former president, now prime minister, has? Of course, psychologists work with him - professionals of the highest class. But, we must give him his due, he listens to them very carefully, which is rare among politicians - they prefer to think for themselves.

It is for this reason that such a large number of negotiators left their jobs in the 90s - after all, in the Slavic world, as in France of the 17th century, "any Gascon is an academician since childhood."

Imagine three specialists negotiating with armed separatists. One of them is an orientalist, doctor of science, familiar with the eastern mentality, culture and traditions. The second is a conflict specialist. The third is a psychologist-trainer, candidate of sciences. Three negotiators are having a conversation, and suddenly a mandate holder appears who knows better than these three specialists what to do. He snatches the microphone from them and starts talking to the separatists himself. Or some owner of large heavy stars on shoulder straps appears, who has a nursery and a military school behind his back, but he also knows everything better than conflictologists and orientalists. As a result, negotiations become meaningless. Well, where is the conflictologist and orientalist up to an official or a general?

Let's consider another model of behavior - the Putin-Schroeder interaction.

In 2002, the summit took place, which was the first stunning psychological success of the GDP.

Here heads of the states go towards each other. This is diplomatic protocol. The GDP goes raising his hand, and when he is at a handshake distance, he lowers his hand and looks with bewilderment at Schroeder's outstretched hand. Schroeder at this moment feels extremely uncomfortable. After that, finally, VVP shakes Schroeder's hand, giving it from below, and then turning it up. This gesture automatically sounds like a command: “Even if I started like this, we will end like this,” and “Accept, Schroeder, a humiliated pose.”

Then the GDP turns to the journalists so that they can see that the heads of state are shaking hands. Schroeder feels uncomfortable and tries to snatch his arm. Judo classes have made our president a strong hand, so he does not let Schroeder pull his hand out. After a while, finally, Schroeder pulls out his hand, and the GDP goes and says something to him. Schroeder can only run after him and participate in the conversation, otherwise there will be a violation of diplomatic protocol, which the German chancellor, as a European person, cannot allow. And GDP continues to go. He is shorter, so that Schroeder is forced to lean towards him, which does not prevent our president from periodically looking down at the chancellor. As a result, Schroeder is completely depressed, from the very first minutes of the dialogue, and VVP wins the negotiations.

These behavior patterns are very simple. So, the first gesture is “to the foot” (Fig. 27). It means: "Take a humiliated pose." The continuation of this gesture is a movement towards the genital area. On the conscious level, this is just an accentuation of attention, and on the subconscious level, it is the same as what the monkey leader does in relation to a male of a lower rank: “You are not a male, but just a female, cover the phallus with your front paws and take a humiliated pose.”

Rice. 27

Another gesture is a wide hand movement, without finger movements (Fig. 28). It means: “This is your pasture. I will allocate it to you. Go and feed." It is very effective to use this gesture in conjunction with the previous one (Fig. 29). This combination seems to say: “Here is your pasture. If you assume humiliated postures, graze on it as much as you like." For example, out loud: "We will create all the conditions for the efficient operation of small businesses."

Rice. 28

Rice. 29

And two gestures almost simultaneously: “Of course, those who want to graze will also have to make some efforts, that is, everyone will take humiliated poses.” These hand movements are imperceptible, but they act bypassing consciousness.

Gesture saying: "Stop, shut up" (Fig. 30). With your words you say, "Please continue, I'm listening to you," but your gesture says, "Stop, stop, stop."

Rice. thirty

Another stopping gesture (Fig. 31). You make this gesture and say: “Come in, please,” but your interlocutor will hesitate at the door. He received two mutually exclusive commands - in words he was told: "Come in, please," but the gesture indicated to him: "Get out," and as a result he can neither enter nor leave.

In words: “Forgive me for what you said, repeat,” and with a gesture: “Stop, stop, stop.” And the interlocutor is silent or mumbles something indistinct.

Rice. 31

Gesture summing up (Fig. 32). The words may be: “Let's talk about this again,” and the gesture says: “Summarizing, that's it. We have finished the debate, let's move on to general questions.

Rice. 32

Gesture of self-presentation: “I”, “I”, “I”, “Here I am”, “Look at me!”, says this gesture. It can be done with one hand or two (Fig. 33, 34).

Rice. 33

Rice. 34

There are a number of combinations using the self-presentation gesture. For example, a bunch meaning "Attention to me" (Fig. 35) Yushchenko loves to do it very much. These two gestures say: “Attention!”, “Attention to me”, “What they say, it doesn’t matter - attention to me!”. Another combination, using the gesture "to the foot" - "Obey me" (Fig. 36). The same Yushchenko likes to use a bunch of gestures that actively attract attention.

Rice. 35

Rice. 36

Rice. 37

As a rule, he makes three gestures in a row - “to the leg”, “here I am”, “attention on me.” This is not good or bad, it’s just that he has such a style of communication. He says: "Take a humiliated pose towards me" and "Listen carefully to me." And this technique allows him to seek attention even where they do not want to listen to him. With it, too, for certain, good psychologists work.

Another combination using the gesture of self-presentation means "Only me" (Fig. 37). Out loud, you say: “Few can cope with this task,” and the gesture clarifies: “In fact, only me!”.

The impact of gestures still largely depends on the country in which they are used. For example, the gesture recommended by Alan Pease and Dale Carnegie (Fig. 38). For them, it means openness.

Rice. 38

And with us - "Nothing happened", that is, the recognition of one's insignificance. Forget this gesture.

Gestures can say a lot, almost anything. For example, in seminars, I like to use a bunch of gestures “stop”, “here I am”, “attention on me”, “take a humiliated pose”, “here is your pasture” to concentrate the attention of the audience. It can be translated as follows: “Stop talking, I am the one who knows the answers to your questions, so we respectfully catch my every word, and you will be happy.”

In order to use gestures correctly and influence the interlocutor with them, you need to repeat them several times during the conversation. There are few of these gestures, you just need to remember them, and be able to launch them in time. This is quite enough for any constructive dialogue.

There is another super exercise for suppression of will, which I really like. Moreover, as a rule, no one understands what the essence of this action is.

After all, many actions go around consciousness. For example, one competitor managed to disrupt the performance of a great flutist. He sat down in the front row, took out a lemon, began to cut the lemon wedges and chew them. The flutist saw this, and his mouth filled with saliva. The concert was canceled, but it is unlikely that the musician realized what was the reason for this.

So, we are modeling the behavior of a dominant male who suppresses a low-ranking one. I recommend using a thick marker or twelve-color pen for this exercise. They are most suitable in terms of volume as a phallic symbol. A thin student pen is not suitable - it will not give the desired association. Smokers can use a cigar case.

When talking to a person, I point a pen (a phallic symbol) at him at an angle of about 45 degrees and perform certain manipulations with it. This gesture means - low-ranking male, take a humiliated pose, you are not a male, but just a female. For the interlocutor, these actions cause discomfort. He does not understand what exactly I am doing, therefore he cannot object, but his internal protest will increase until it is completely suppressed.

For women, this exercise has the opposite effect - positively, it causes a lot of positive emotions in them. You talk with a lady about different things - about flowers, about nature, about the weather - and perform certain manipulations with a pen or marker. After some time, you will notice the appearance of a number of interesting phenomena in the lady - accentuated chest breathing, uneven blush on her cheeks, sparkle in her eyes, swallowing reflex. We have already said that in human society the concepts of "male" and "female" are shifted. Therefore, ladies can safely use this exercise, and the man will feel uncomfortable. Yes, he is talking to a lady, but at the moment this lady is holding a phallic symbol and playing the role of a dominant male who gives the command: “Low-ranking, take a humiliated pose!”.

When I spoke about this technique of influence at a corporate training in one of the companies, an interesting picture emerged. At meetings, the first person began to periodically shout at subordinates: “Come on, put down your pen!”, “So, everyone put their pens on the table!” Because at first my lectures were listened to by the middle link of the company, and the first person considered himself too important and big to attend my training. And all the subordinates sat with their hands pointed at the leader and manipulated them. He became very ill, and he asked me to work with him separately. Naturally, after class, the first thing he demanded was that everyone stop pointing their hands at him and manipulating his mind.

Feminine charm lies in the alternate presentation of two things:

a) full sexual availability;

b) complete sexual inaccessibility.

- Sit up straight, take a deep breath, exhale. Slowly cross your legs, do not cross your arms. Take another deep breath, straighten your hair, take another breath, widen your eyes and narrow them. Look at the man with admiration, as if you opened a catalog of new jewelry and admire him. Take another deep breath in and out through your chest. Swallow. Slowly cross one leg over the other. Fix your hair with a beautiful gesture.

This is a presentation of your sexual availability.

“After two minutes, look at the man as if he just blew his nose on the floor, urinated in front of your eyes in a corner, or delivered a long obscene tirade - that is, with a mixture of disgust and horror. And even slightly move away from him.

This is a presentation of sexual unavailability.

- Now cross your legs again, inhale deeply, widen and narrow your eyes, straighten your hair, make a swallowing movement and slowly cross one leg over the other.

Alternately repeating these two tactics of behavior, you will very soon achieve that the fuses in a man begin to melt.

Male charm lies in the simultaneous presentation of two things:

a) full sexual readiness;

b) lack of sexual initiative.

You must show the female that you are fascinated to the limit. But at the same time, you should not try to grab her by the protruding parts of the torso, make an appointment with her, and the like.

- Take your hands out of your pockets. Take a deep breath in through your chest and straighten your shoulders. Look at a woman with a smart, masculine expression. Expand your eyes, then narrow and slowly lower your gaze to the level of the interlocutor's bust. Then slowly and reluctantly raise your eyes up. Ask again: "Excuse me, what were we talking about?" - pretending that you listened or lost the thread of the conversation.

- Now inhale again, straighten your shoulders, stretch slightly and look down at the level of the lady's lower limbs, reluctantly raise your eyes up again, simultaneously wiping saliva from your chin. And keep talking about whatever you want - about nature, about the weather, about politics, about growth growth ...

The technique for this exercise is very simple. This is a model of charm. You don't seem to be doing anything, but you're having an impact, and a very strong one. You just look at a woman and at the same time periodically get lost in communication. Remember - women forgive men for stupidity, but not lack of attention.

Gestures can be used to perform programming, including erotic psychoprogramming of the interlocutor. This technique is based on associative thinking.

First option: stroking any surface. This should be done imperceptibly, with soft caressing movements.

Second option: soft rounded gestures, imitating the basic caressing movements. You talk about anything, but in the course of the conversation, you perform a series of similar gentle caressing movements.

With peripheral vision, a woman will certainly notice your movements - stroking the surface or rounded gestures - and unconsciously begins to transfer them to her torso. After some time, the woman will begin to fall into an excited state, not understanding why this is happening. It is enough for you to perform a similar technique once or twice, and when you appear for the third time, no technique will be needed anymore.

Remember the great and wise Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. The bell rings - the monkey was given a banana. The second call - she received a second banana. The third call - nothing was given, but the monkey is drooling, because she is waiting for a banana. Humans react in exactly the same way as Pavlovian monkeys. And you, having appeared for the third time, immediately evoke the reaction you need in a woman.

The story of the crime boss Sergei Mansurov, to whom the investigator brought a revolver to the cell for interrogation, is very indicative. She could not help but know that she would be imprisoned for this. She just became a victim of this simple erotic zombie.

The funny thing is that the female does not understand what you are doing! She begins to wind herself up on the materials of the books she read, the films she watched, the stories she heard - and finds in you traits that you never had, endows you with qualities that you have never been different from.

A woman can also affect members of the same sex, because ninety-eight percent of all women are bisexual, and only two percent of this component is deprived, and two percent can be neglected. But only thirty percent of their bisexuality is aware, and sixty-eight live their whole lives without realizing it.

If the woman being manipulated is aware of her bisexual nature, she will admire the manipulative woman, say: "Oh, what she is!" If she is not aware of her nature, she will admire the intelligence, intelligence or some other qualities of her interlocutor. But the main thing is that she will still admire.

Men's worldview is an order of magnitude more primitive than women's. And it is even easier to influence men than women. This is done in four simple facial movements. I draw your attention to the fact that the technique described below is performed exclusively by women and exclusively in relation to men!

First phase- push the lower lip two to three millimeters forward. Return to starting position.

Second phase- push the upper lip two to three millimeters forward. Return to starting position.

Third phase- push both lips forward two to three millimeters. Return to starting position.

Fourth phase- run the tongue along the inner surface of the lips without opening them.

These four movements are enough. At the same time, when talking with a man, one should periodically look down at the lower abdomen, and then slowly and reluctantly raise it up. In males, “plugs” begin to burn out after about three minutes.

This is erotic psychoprogramming aimed at males. It is imperceptible, but it triggers associative thinking in men. The male begins to fall into an excited state, not understanding why this is happening. Since the attention is anchored on you, it begins to look for some properties in you, to endow you with some features that you never had.

At first glance, the technique may seem primitive, but it works very effectively. Any woman can experiment and will certainly succeed. However, after that, she may face another, more difficult task - how to get rid of this man.

Consider the psychological methods of manipulating the mental consciousness of a person and the masses. For convenience, we divide the proposed methods into eight blocks, effective both individually and together.

The life of any person is multifaceted by the life experience that this person has, by the level of education, by the level of upbringing, by the genetic component, by many other factors that must be taken into account when psychologically influencing a person. Mental manipulation specialists (psychotherapists, hypnologists, criminal hypnotists, scammers, government officials, etc.) use many different technologies that allow them to control people. It is necessary to know such methods, incl. and in order to counter such manipulations. Knowledge is power. It is the knowledge about the mechanisms of manipulating the human psyche that allows you to resist illegal intrusions into the psyche (into the human subconscious), and therefore protect yourself in this way.

It should be noted that there are a very large number of methods of psychological influence (manipulation). Some of them are available for mastering only after a long practice (for example, NLP), some are freely used by most people in life, sometimes without even noticing it; it is enough to have an idea about some methods of manipulative influence in order to protect yourself from them; to counteract others, you yourself need to be good at such techniques (for example, gypsy psychological hypnosis), etc. As far as the admissibility of such a step, we will reveal the secrets of methods for controlling the mental consciousness of a person and the masses (a team, a meeting, an audience, a crowd, etc.).

It is worth noting that only recently has it become possible to openly talk about the early secret techniques. At the same time, in our opinion, such a tacit permission from the supervisory authorities is quite justified, since we are convinced that some part of the truth is revealed to a person only at a certain stage of life. Collecting such material bit by bit - a person is formed into a personality. If, for some reason, a person is still ready to comprehend the truth, fate itself will lead him aside. And if such a person even learns about some secret methods, he will not be able to realize their significance, i.e. this kind of information will not find the necessary response in his soul, and a kind of stupor will turn on in the psyche, due to which such information will simply not be perceived by the brain, i.e. will not be remembered as such a person.

Below, we will consider the manipulation techniques outlined as blocks that are equivalent in terms of efficiency. Despite the fact that each block precedes its inherent name, nevertheless, it should be noted that the specific methods of influencing the subconscious are very effective for everyone, without exception, regardless of the specific target audience or typical personality traits of a particular person. This is explained by the fact that the human psyche in general has the same components, and differs only in minor details, and hence the increased efficiency of the developed methods of manipulation that exist in the world.

The first block of manipulations.

Ways of manipulating the mental consciousness of a person (S.A. Zelinsky, 2008).

1. False questioning, or deceptive clarifications.

In this case, the manipulative effect is achieved due to the fact that the manipulator pretends that he wants to better understand something for himself, asks you again, but repeats your words only at the beginning and then only partially, introducing a different meaning into the meaning of what you said earlier, thereby changing the general meaning of what was said to please himself.

In this case, you should be extremely careful, always listen to what they are talking about, and noticing a catch, clarify what you said earlier; moreover, to clarify even if the manipulator, pretending not to notice your desire for clarification, tries to move on to another topic.

2. Deliberate haste, or jumping topics.

The manipulator in this case seeks, after voicing any information, to quickly move on to another topic, realizing that your attention is immediately redirected to new information, which means that the likelihood that the previous information that was not “protested” will reach the subconscious increases listener; if information reaches the subconscious, then it is known that after any information is in the unconscious (subconscious), after a while it is realized by a person, i.e. goes into consciousness. Moreover, if the manipulator additionally strengthened his information with an emotional load, or even entered it into the subconscious by coding, then such information will appear at the moment the manipulator needs, which he himself will provoke (for example, using the principle of “anchoring” from NLP, or, in other words, by activating the code).

In addition, as a result of haste and jumping topics, it becomes possible to "voice" a large number of topics in a relatively short period of time; which means that the censorship of the psyche will not have time to let everything through itself, and the likelihood increases that a certain part of the information will penetrate into the subconscious, and from there it will influence the consciousness of the object of manipulation in a way that is beneficial to the manipulator.

3. The desire to show their indifference, or pseudo-inattention.

In this case, the manipulator tries to perceive both the interlocutor and the information received as indifferently as possible, thereby unconsciously forcing the person to try at all costs to convince the manipulator of his importance to him. Thus, the manipulator can only manage the information coming from the object of his manipulations, receiving those facts that the object was not going to spread before. A similar circumstance on the part of the person who is being manipulated is inherent in the laws of the psyche, forcing any person to strive at all costs to prove his case by convincing the manipulator (not suspecting that this is a manipulator), and using the available arsenal of logical controllability of thoughts for this - that is, the presentation of new circumstances of the case, facts that, in his opinion, can help him in this. What turns out to be in the hands of the manipulator, who finds out the information he needs.

As a countermeasure in this case, it is recommended to strengthen your own volitional control and not succumb to provocations.

4. False inferiority, or imaginary weakness.

This principle of manipulation is aimed at the desire on the part of the manipulator to show his weakness to the object of manipulation, and thereby achieve the desired, because if someone is weaker, the effect of condescension turns on, which means that the censorship of the human psyche begins to function in a relaxed mode, as if not perceiving what comes from manipulator information seriously. Thus, the information coming from the manipulator passes immediately to the subconscious, is deposited there in the form of attitudes and patterns of behavior, which means that the manipulator achieves his goal, because the object of manipulation, without suspecting it, after a while will begin to fulfill the installations embedded in the subconscious, or, in other words, to perform secret will of the manipulator.

The main way of confrontation is the complete control of information coming from any person, i.e. everyone is an adversary and should be taken seriously.

5. False love, or lulling vigilance.

Due to the fact that one individual (manipulator) plays in front of another (object of manipulation) love, excessive respect, reverence, etc. (i.e. expresses his feelings in a similar way), he achieves incomparably more than if he openly asked for something.

In order not to succumb to such provocations, one should have, as F.E. Dzerzhinsky once said, “a cold mind.”

6. Furious pressure, or exorbitant anger.

Manipulation in this case becomes possible as a result of unmotivated rage on the part of the manipulator. A person who is targeted by this kind of manipulation will have a desire to calm the one who is angry with him. Why is he subconsciously ready to make concessions to the manipulator.

Methods of counteraction may be different, depending on the skills of the object of manipulation. For example, as a result of “adjustment” (the so-called calibration in NLP), you can first stage a state of mind similar to that of the manipulator, and then calm down, calm the manipulator as well. Or, for example, you can show your calmness and absolute indifference to the anger of the manipulator, thereby confusing him, and therefore depriving him of his manipulative advantage. You can sharply increase the pace of your own aggressiveness by speech techniques simultaneously with a light touch of the manipulator (his hand, shoulder, arm ...), and additional visual impact, i.e. in this case, we seize the initiative, and by simultaneously influencing the manipulator with the help of visual, auditory and kinesthetic stimuli, we introduce him into a state of trance, and hence dependence on you, because in this state the manipulator itself becomes the object of our influence, and we we can introduce certain attitudes into his subconscious, because It is known that in a state of anger any person is subject to coding (psychoprogramming). Other countermeasures can also be used. It should be remembered that in a state of anger it is easier to make a person laugh. You should know about this feature of the psyche and use it in time.

7. Fast pace, or unjustified haste.

In this case, we should talk about the desire of the manipulator, due to the imposed excessively fast pace of speech, to push through some of his ideas, having achieved their approval by the object of manipulation. This becomes possible even when the manipulator, hiding behind the alleged absence of time, achieves incomparably more from the object of manipulation than if this happened over a long period of time, during which the object of manipulation would have time to think over his answer, and therefore not become a victim of deception ( manipulations).

In this case, you should take a timeout (for example, refer to an urgent phone call, etc.) in order to knock the manipulator off the pace set by him. To do this, you can act out a misunderstanding of a question and a “stupid” questioning, etc.

8. Excessive suspicion, or forced excuses.

This type of manipulation occurs when the manipulator acts suspicious in any matter. As a response to suspicion in the object of manipulation, a desire to justify oneself follows. Thus, the protective barrier of his psyche weakens, which means that the manipulator achieves his goal by “pushing” the necessary psychological attitudes into his subconscious.

A defense option is to realize yourself as a person and volitional opposition to an attempt of any manipulative influence on your psyche (i.e. you must demonstrate your own self-confidence and show that if the manipulator is suddenly offended, then let him be offended, and if he wants to leave, you will not run after him; this should be adopted by "in love": do not let yourself be manipulated.)

The manipulator with all his appearance shows fatigue and the inability to prove something and listen to any objections. Thus, the object of manipulation tries to quickly agree with the words given by the manipulator, so as not to tire him with his objections. Well, by agreeing, he thereby follows the lead of the manipulator, who only needs this.

There is only one way to counteract: not to succumb to provocations.

This type of manipulation comes from such specifics of the individual's psyche as the worship of authorities in any area. Most often it turns out that the very area in which such an “authority” has achieved results lies in a completely different area than his imaginary “request” now, but nevertheless, the object of manipulation cannot do anything with himself, since in his soul the majority people believe that there is always someone who has achieved more than they do.

A variant of confrontation is belief in one's own exclusivity, super-personality; development in oneself the belief in one's own chosenness, in the fact that you are a super-human.

11. Favors rendered, or payment for help.

The manipulator conspiratorially informs the object of manipulation about something, as if advising him to make this or that decision in a friendly way. At the same time, clearly hiding behind an imaginary friendship (in fact, they may be acquainted for the first time), as advice, he inclines the object of manipulation to the solution that the manipulator needs first of all.

You need to believe in yourself, and remember that you have to pay for everything. And it is better to pay immediately, i.e. before you are required to pay in the form of gratitude for the service rendered.

12. Resistance or enacted protest.

The manipulator, with some words, excites feelings in the soul of the object of manipulation, aimed at overcoming the barrier that has arisen (censorship of the psyche), in an effort to achieve his own. It is known that the psyche is arranged in such a way that a person wants to a greater extent what is either forbidden to him or what efforts must be made to achieve.

Whereas what may be better and more important, but lies on the surface, in fact, is often not noticed.

The way to counteract is self-confidence and will, i.e. you should always rely only on yourself, and not give in to weaknesses.

13. Particular factor, or from details to error.

The manipulator forces the object of manipulation to pay attention only to one specific detail, not allowing them to notice the main thing, and on the basis of this to draw the appropriate conclusions, which are accepted by the consciousness of that as an uncontested basis for the meaning of what was said. It should be noted that this is very common in life, when most people allow themselves to make their own opinion about any subject, actually having neither facts nor more detailed information, and often not having their own opinion about what they judge, using the opinion of others. Therefore, it is possible to impose such an opinion on them, which means that the manipulator will achieve his own.

To counteract, you should constantly work on yourself, on increasing your own knowledge and level of education.

14. Irony, or manipulation with a grin.

Manipulation is achieved due to the fact that the manipulator chooses an initially ironic tone, as if unconsciously questioning any words of the object of manipulation. In this case, the object of manipulation "loses its temper" much faster; and since critical thinking is difficult during anger, a person enters ASC (altered states of consciousness), in which consciousness easily passes through itself the early forbidden information.

For effective protection, you should show your complete indifference to the manipulator. Feeling like a super-human, "chosen one", will help to treat the attempt to manipulate you with indulgence - as child's play. The manipulator will immediately feel such a state intuitively, because the manipulators usually have well-developed sense organs, which, we note, allows them to feel the moment to carry out their manipulative techniques.

15. Interruption, or withdrawal of thought.

The manipulator achieves its goal by constantly interrupting the thoughts of the object of manipulation, directing the topic of conversation in the direction the manipulator needs.

As a countermeasure, you can ignore the interruptions of the manipulator, or use special speech psychotechnics to make him ridicule among the audience, because if a person is laughed at, all his subsequent words are no longer taken seriously.

16. Provoking imaginary, or false accusations.

This kind of manipulation becomes possible as a result of informing the object of manipulation of the information that can make him angry, and hence reducing the criticality in assessing the alleged information. After that, such a person is broken for a certain period of time, during which the manipulator achieves the imposition of his will on him.

Protection - believe in yourself and not pay attention to others.

17. Trapping, or the imaginary recognition of the opponent's benefit.

In this case, the manipulator, carrying out an act of manipulation, hints at more favorable conditions in which the opponent (the object of manipulation) is supposedly located, thereby forcing the latter to make excuses in every possible way and become open to manipulations that usually follow from this by the manipulator.

Protection - awareness of oneself as a super-personality, which means a completely reasonable "rise" above the manipulator, especially if he also considers himself "insignificance". Those. in this case, one should not make excuses that they say, no, I am not now higher in status than you, but admit, grinning, that yes, I am you, you are in my dependence, and you must accept it or ... Thus, faith in yourself, belief in your own exclusivity will help you overcome any traps in the way of your mind from manipulators.

18. Deception in the palm of your hand, or imitation of bias.

The manipulator intentionally puts the object of manipulation in certain predetermined conditions, when the person chosen as the object of manipulation, trying to divert suspicion from himself in excessive bias towards the manipulator, allows manipulation to be carried out on himself due to the unconscious belief in the good intentions of the manipulator. That is, it is as if he himself gives himself the installation not to react critically to the words of the manipulator, thereby unconsciously allowing the words of the manipulator to pass into his consciousness.

19. Deliberate delusion, or specific terminology.

In this case, manipulation is carried out through the use of specific terms by the manipulator that are not clear to the object of manipulation, and the latter, because of the danger of appearing illiterate, does not have the courage to clarify what these terms mean.

The way to counteract is to ask again and clarify what is incomprehensible to you.

20. Imposition of false stupidity, or through humiliation to victory.

The manipulator seeks in every possible way to reduce the role of the object of manipulation, alluding to his stupidity and illiteracy, in order to destabilize the positive mood of the psyche of the object of manipulation, plunge his psyche into a state of chaos and temporary confusion, and thus achieve the fulfillment of his will over him through verbal manipulation and ( or) coding of the psyche.

Protection - do not pay attention. It is generally recommended to pay less attention to the meaning of the words of the manipulator, and more to the details around, gestures and facial expressions, or even pretend that you are listening, and think “about your own”, especially if you are an experienced fraudster or criminal hypnotist.

21. The repetition of phrases, or the imposition of thoughts.

With this type of manipulation, due to repeated phrases, the manipulator accustoms the object of manipulation to any information that is going to convey to him.

Protective setting - do not fix attention on the words of the manipulator, listen to him “on the floor of the ear”, or use special speech techniques to transfer the conversation to another topic, or seize the initiative and introduce the settings you need into the subconscious of the interlocutor-manipulator yourself, or many other options.

22. Erroneous conjecture, or reticence involuntarily.

In this case, manipulations achieve their effect due to:

1) deliberate reticence by the manipulator;

2) erroneous conjecture by the object of manipulation.

At the same time, even if a deception is detected, the object of manipulation gets the impression of his own guilt due to the fact that he misunderstood or did not hear something.

Protection - exceptional self-confidence, education of super-will, formation of "chosenness" and super-personality.

In this situation, the object of manipulation falls into the trap of the manipulator, who plays on his own alleged inattention, so that later, having achieved his goal, he will refer to the fact that he allegedly did not notice (listen to) the opponent’s protest. Moreover, as a result of this, the manipulator actually puts the object of manipulation before the fact of the perfect.

Protection - to clearly clarify the meaning of "the agreements reached."

24. Say yes, or the path to agreement.

Manipulations of this kind are carried out due to the fact that the manipulator seeks to build a dialogue with the object of manipulation in such a way that he always agrees with his words. Thus, the manipulator skillfully leads the object of manipulation to pushing through his idea, and therefore to the implementation of manipulation over him.

Protection - bring down the focus of the conversation.

25. An unexpected quotation, or the words of an opponent as evidence.

In this case, the manipulative effect is achieved through unexpected quoting by the manipulator of the previously spoken words of the opponent. Such a technique has a discouraging effect on the chosen object of manipulation, helping the manipulator to achieve a result. At the same time, in most cases, the words themselves can be partially invented, i.e. have a different meaning than the subject of manipulation earlier said on this issue. If he spoke. Because the words of the object of manipulation can be simply invented from and to, or have only a slight similarity.

Defense - also apply the technique of false quoting, choosing in this case the supposedly said words of the manipulator.

26. The effect of observation, or the search for commonalities.

As a result of preliminary observation of the object of manipulation (including in the process of dialogue), the manipulator finds or invents any similarity between himself and the object, unobtrusively draws the attention of the object to this similarity, and thereby partially weakens the protective functions of the psyche of the object of manipulation, after which pushes his idea.

Protection - to sharply highlight with words your dissimilarity to the interlocutor-manipulator.

27. Imposing a choice, or initially the right decision.

In this case, the manipulator asks the question in such a way that does not leave the object of manipulation to accept a choice other than the one voiced by the manipulator. (For example, do you want to do this or that? In this case, the key word is “do”, while initially the object of manipulation may not have intended to do anything. But he was left with no choice but to choose between the first and second.)

Protection - do not pay attention plus volitional control of any situation.

28. Unexpected revelation, or sudden honesty.

This type of manipulation consists in the fact that after a short conversation, the manipulator suddenly confidentially informs the object he has chosen as manipulation that he intends to tell something secret and important, which is intended only for him, because he really liked this person, and he feels that can trust him with the truth. At the same time, the object of manipulation unconsciously gains confidence in this kind of revelation, which means that we can already talk about the weakening of the protective mechanisms of the psyche, which, through the weakening of censorship (the barrier of criticality), allows lies from the manipulator into the consciousness-subconsciousness.

Protection - do not succumb to provocations, and remember that you can always rely only on yourself. Another person can always let you down (consciously, unconsciously, under duress, under the influence of hypnosis, etc.)

29. Sudden counterargument, or insidious lie.

The manipulator, unexpectedly for the object of manipulation, refers to the words allegedly said earlier, in accordance with which the manipulator, as it were, simply develops the topic further, starting from them. The object of manipulation after such “revelations” develops a feeling of guilt, the barriers put forward in the way of the words of the manipulator, which he had previously perceived with a certain degree of criticality, should finally break in his psyche. This is also possible because most of those targeted by manipulation are internally unstable, have increased criticality towards themselves, and therefore, such a lie on the part of the manipulator turns in their minds into one or another share of the truth, which as a result and helps the manipulator get his way.

Protection - education of willpower and exceptional confidence and self-respect.

30. Accusation of theory, or alleged lack of practice.

The manipulator, as an unexpected counterargument, puts forward the requirement that the words of the object of manipulation chosen by him are, as it were, good only in theory, while in practice the situation will allegedly be different. Thus, unconsciously making it clear to the object of manipulation that all the words just heard by the manipulator are nothing and are good only on paper, but in a real situation everything will turn out differently, which means, in fact, one cannot rely on such words.

Protection - do not pay attention to the conjectures and assumptions of other people and believe only in the power of your mind.

The second block of manipulations.

Methods of influencing the mass media audience with the help of manipulations.

1. The principle of first priority.

The essence of this method is based on the specifics of the psyche, which is designed in such a way that it takes on faith the information that was first received by the consciousness. The fact that later we can get more reliable information often does not matter anymore.

In this case, the effect of perceiving primary information as truth is triggered, especially since it is impossible to immediately understand its contradictory nature. And after - it is already quite difficult to change the formed opinion.

A similar principle is quite successfully used in political technologies, when some accusatory material (compromising evidence) is sent to a competitor (through the media), thereby:

a) forming a negative opinion among voters about him;

b) making excuses.

(In this case, there is an impact on the masses through widespread stereotypes that if someone justifies himself, then he is guilty).

2. "Eyewitnesses" of events.

There are supposedly eyewitnesses of the events who, with the necessary sincerity, report the information that the manipulators gave them in advance, passing it off as their own. The name of such “eyewitnesses” is often hidden allegedly for the purpose of conspiracy, or a false name is called, which, along with falsified information, nevertheless achieves an effect on the audience, because it affects the unconscious of the human psyche, causing him to intensify feelings and emotions, in as a result of which the censorship of the psyche is weakened and is able to skip information from the manipulator without determining its false essence.

3. The image of the enemy.

By artificially creating a threat and as a result of this heat of passions, the masses are immersed in states similar to ASC (altered states of consciousness). As a result, such masses are easier to manage.

4. Shift in emphasis.

In this case, there is a conscious shift of emphasis in the material being presented, and something not entirely desirable for the manipulators is presented in the background, but the opposite is highlighted - what is necessary for them.

5. Use of "opinion leaders".

In this case, the manipulation of mass consciousness occurs on the basis that when performing any actions, individuals are guided by opinion leaders. Opinion leaders can be various figures who have become authoritative for a certain category of the population.

6. Reorientation of attention.

In this case, it becomes possible to present almost any material without fear of its undesirable (negative) component. This becomes possible on the basis of the rule of reorientation of attention, when the information necessary for hiding, as it were, fades into the shadows of seemingly randomly highlighted events that serve to divert attention.

7. Emotional charge.

This manipulation technology is based on such a property of the human psyche as emotional contagion. It is known that in the process of life a person builds certain protective barriers on the way of receiving information that is undesirable for him. To get around such a barrier (censorship of the psyche), it is necessary that the manipulative impact be directed to feelings. Thus, having “charged” the necessary information with the necessary emotions, it becomes possible to overcome the barrier of the mind and cause an explosion of passions in a person, forcing him to experience at some point the information he heard. Next, the effect of emotional charging comes into play, which is most widespread in the crowd, where, as you know, the criticality threshold is lower.

(Example. A similar manipulation effect is used during a number of reality shows, when participants speak in raised tones and sometimes demonstrate significant emotional arousal, which makes you watch the ups and downs of the events they demonstrate, empathizing with the main characters. Or, for example, when speaking on television of a series especially ambitious politicians who impulsively shout out their ways out of crisis situations, due to which information affects the feelings of individuals, and the audience becomes emotionally infected, which means that such manipulators can be forced to pay attention to the material presented.)

8. Display problems.

Depending on the presentation of the same materials, it is possible to achieve different, sometimes opposing opinions from the audience. That is, some event can be artificially “not noticed”, but on the contrary, it can be given increased attention, and even on different television channels. In this case, the truth itself, as it were, fades into the background. And it depends on the desire (or not desire) of the manipulators to highlight it. (For example, it is known that a lot of events take place in the country every day. Naturally, coverage of all of them is already purely physically impossible. However, it often happens that some events are shown quite often, many times, and on various channels; while something else , which certainly also deserves attention - as if deliberately not noticed.)

It is worth noting that the presentation of information through such a manipulative technique leads to artificial inflating of non-existent problems, behind which something important is not noticed, which can cause the anger of the people.

9. Unavailability of information.

This principle of manipulative technologies is called information blockade. This becomes possible when a certain part of the information, undesirable for manipulators, is deliberately not allowed on the air.

10. Strike ahead of the curve.

A type of manipulation based on the early release of negative information for the main category of people. At the same time, this information causes the maximum resonance. And by the time the information arrives and an unpopular decision has to be made, the audience will already be tired of the protest, and will not react too negatively. Using a similar method in political technologies, they first sacrifice an insignificant compromising evidence, after which, when a new compromising evidence appears on the political figure they are promoting, the masses no longer react in this way. (Tired of reacting.)

11. False passions.

A method of manipulating the mass media audience, when a false heat of passion is used by presenting allegedly sensational material, as a result of which the human psyche does not have time to react properly, unnecessary excitement is created, and the information presented later no longer has such an impact, because criticality is reduced put forward by the censorship of the psyche. (In other words, a false time limit is created for which the information received must be evaluated, which often leads to the fact that it almost without cuts from the consciousness enters the unconscious of the individual; after which it affects the consciousness, distorting the very meaning of the information received, and also taking up space for obtaining and appropriately evaluating more truthful information.Moreover, in most cases we are talking about the impact in the crowd, in which the principle of criticality is already difficult in itself).

12. Likelihood effect.

In this case, the basis for possible manipulation consists of such a component of the psyche, when a person is inclined to believe information that does not contradict the information or ideas he previously had on the issue under consideration.

(In other words, if through the media we come across information with which we internally disagree, then we deliberately block such a channel for obtaining information. And if we come across information that does not contradict our understanding of such an issue, we continue to absorb such information, which reinforces the previous formed patterns of behavior and attitudes in the subconscious, which means that acceleration for manipulations becomes possible, since the manipulators will consciously insert a part of information that is plausible for us false, which, as if automatically, we perceive as real. Also, in accordance with this principle of manipulation, it is possible to initially present information that is obviously unfavorable for the manipulator (supposedly self-criticism), due to which the audience’s belief that this mass media source is fairly honest and truthful increases. Well, later, information necessary for manipulators is interspersed with the information supplied.)

13. The effect of "information assault".

In this case, it should be said that a flurry of useless information falls upon a person, in which the truth is lost.

(People subjected to this form of manipulation simply get tired of the flow of information, which means that the analysis of such information becomes difficult and the manipulators have the opportunity to hide the information they need, but undesirable for demonstration to the masses.)

14. Reverse effect.

In the case of such a fact of manipulation, such a quantity of negative information is thrown into the address of a person that this information achieves the exact opposite effect, and instead of the expected condemnation, such a person begins to arouse pity. (An example of the Perestroika years with B.N. Yeltsin, who fell into the river from the bridge.)

15. Everyday story, or evil with a human face.

Information that may cause an undesirable effect is pronounced in a normal tone, as if nothing terrible is happening. As a result of this form of presentation of information, some critical information, when it penetrates into the minds of listeners, loses its relevance. Thus, the criticality of the perception of negative information by the human psyche disappears and addiction to it occurs.

16. One-sided coverage of events.

This method of manipulation is aimed at one-sided coverage of events, when only one side of the process is given the opportunity to speak, as a result of which a false semantic effect of the information received is achieved.

17. The principle of contrast.

This type of manipulation becomes possible when the necessary information is presented against the background of another, initially negative, and negatively perceived by the majority of the audience. (In other words, white will always be noticeable against a black background. And against a background of bad people, you can always show a good person by talking about his good deeds. A similar principle is common in political technologies, when a possible crisis in the camp of competitors is first analyzed in detail, and then it is demonstrated the correct nature of the actions of the candidate needed by the manipulators, who does not and cannot have such a crisis.)

18. Approval of the imaginary majority.

The application of this technique of mass manipulation is based on such a specific component of the human psyche as the permissibility of performing any actions after their initial approval by other people. As a result of such a method of manipulation in the human psyche, the barrier of criticality is erased after such information has been approved by other people. Let us recall Le Bon, Freud, Bekhterev and other classics of the psychology of the masses - the principles of imitation and contagion are actively operating in the mass. Therefore, what one does is picked up by the rest.

19. Expressive blow.

When implemented, this principle should produce the effect of a psychological shock, when the manipulators achieve the desired effect by deliberately broadcasting the horrors of modern life, which causes the first reaction of protest (due to a sharp increase in the emotional component of the psyche), and the desire to punish the guilty at all costs. At the same time, it is not noticed that the emphasis in the presentation of material can be deliberately shifted towards competitors that are unnecessary to the manipulators or against information that seems undesirable to them.

20. False analogies, or diversions against logic.

This manipulation eliminates the true reason in any matter, replacing it with a false analogy. (For example, there is an incorrect comparison of various and mutually exclusive consequences, which in this case are presented as one. For example, many young athletes were elected to the State Duma of the last convocation. In this case, merit in sports in the minds of the masses replaced the opinion of whether 20-year-olds really Athletes can govern the country, but it should be remembered that every member of the State Duma has the rank of a federal minister).

21. Artificial "calculation" of the situation.

A lot of different information is intentionally released to the market, thereby monitoring the public's interest in this information, and information that has not received relevance is subsequently excluded.

22. Manipulative commenting.

By means of the emphasis necessary for the manipulators, this or that event is covered. At the same time, any undesirable event for manipulators when using such technology can take on the opposite color. It all depends on how the manipulators will present this or that material, with what comments.

24. Admission (approximation) to power.

This type of manipulation is based on such a property of the psyche of most individuals as a radical change in their views in the event that such a person is endowed with the necessary powers of authority. (A rather vivid example is D.O. Rogozin, who was in opposition to the authorities - let us recall Rogozin’s statement in connection with the CEC ban on the registration of V. Gerashchenko as a presidential candidate, recall the hunger strike in the State Duma demanding the resignation of ministers of the socio-economic bloc of the government, recall Rogozin’s other statements, including those about the party in power and the country’s president, and let us recall Rogozin’s speeches after his appointment as Russia’s permanent representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Brussels, i.e. a high-ranking official representing Russia in an enemy organization. )

25. Repetition.

Such a method of manipulation is quite simple. It is only necessary to repeatedly repeat any information so that such information is deposited in the memory of the mass media audience and subsequently used. At the same time, manipulators should simplify the text as much as possible and achieve its susceptibility based on a low-intellectual audience. Oddly enough, practically only in this case one can be sure that the necessary information will not only be conveyed to the mass viewer, reader or listener, but will also be correctly perceived by them. And this effect can be achieved by repeated repetition of simple phrases. In this case, the information is first firmly fixed in the subconscious of the listeners, and then it will influence their consciousness, and hence the commission of actions, the semantic connotation of which is secretly embedded in the information for the mass media audience.

26. The truth is half.

This method of manipulation lies in the fact that only part of the reliable information is presented to the public, while the other part, explaining the possibility of the existence of the first part, is hidden by the manipulators. (An example from the time of Perestroika, when at first rumors were spread that the Union Republics allegedly supported the RSFSR. At the same time, they seemed to forget about Russian subsidies. As a result of deception of the population of the republics friendly to us, these republics first left the USSR, and then part of their population began to come to earnings in Russia.)

The third block of manipulation techniques.

Speech psychotechniques (V.M. Kandyba, 2002).

In the event of such influence, it is forbidden to use methods of direct informational influence, said in an order, replacing the latter with a request or offer, and at the same time using the following verbal tricks:

1) Truisms.

In this case, the manipulator says what is really there, but in fact, a deceptive strategy is hidden in his words. For example, a manipulator wants to sell goods in a beautiful package in a deserted place. He doesn't say "buy"! And he says: “Well, it’s cold! Great, very cheap sweaters! Everyone buys, you won’t find such cheap sweaters anywhere!” and fiddling with bags of sweaters.

As academician V.M. Kandyba, such an unobtrusive purchase offer, is more directed to the subconscious, works better, as it corresponds to the truth and passes the critical barrier of consciousness. Really “cold” (this is already one unconscious “yes”), really the package and pattern of the sweater are beautiful (second “yes”), and really very cheap (third “yes”). Therefore, without any words "Buy!" the object of manipulation is born, as it seems to him, an independent, self-made decision to buy an excellent thing on the cheap and on the occasion, often without even unwrapping the package, but only asking for the size.

2) The illusion of choice.

In this case, as if in the usual phrase of the manipulator about the presence of any product or phenomenon, some kind of hidden statement is interspersed, which flawlessly affects the subconscious, forcing the will of the manipulator to be carried out. For example, they do not ask you whether you will buy or not, but they say: “How pretty you are! And it suits you, and this thing looks great! Which one will you take, this one or that one? ”, And the manipulator looks at you with sympathy, as if the question that you are buying this thing has already been decided. After all, the last phrase of the manipulator contains a trap for consciousness, imitating your right to choose. But in fact, you are being deceived, as the choice "buy or not buy" is replaced by the choice "buy this or buy that."

3) Commands hidden in questions.

In such a case, the manipulator hides its installation command under the guise of a request. For example, you need to close the door. You can say to someone: “Go and close the door!”, But this will be worse than if your order is issued as a request in the question: “I beg you, could you close the door?” The second option works better, and the person does not feel cheated.

4) Moral impasse.

This case is a delusion of consciousness; the manipulator, asking for an opinion about a product, after receiving an answer, asks the next question, which contains the installation to perform the action necessary for the manipulator. For example, a manipulative seller persuades not to buy, but to “just try” his product. In this case, we have a trap for consciousness, since nothing dangerous or bad seems to be offered to him, and it seems that complete freedom of any decision is preserved, but in fact it is enough to try, as the seller immediately asks another tricky question: “Well, how did you like it? Did you like it?”, and although it seems to be about the sensations of taste, but in fact the question is: “Will you buy it or not?” And since the thing is objectively tasty, you can’t say to the seller’s question that you didn’t like it, and answer that you “liked it”, thereby, as it were, giving involuntary consent to the purchase. Moreover, as soon as you answer the seller that you liked it, as he, without waiting for your other words, is already weighing the goods and it’s as if it’s already inconvenient for you to refuse to buy, especially since the seller selects and imposes the best that he has (from , which is visible). Conclusion - you need to think a hundred times before accepting a kind of harmless offer.

5) Speech reception: "what ... - so ...".

The essence of this speech psychotechnics lies in the fact that the manipulator connects what is happening with what he needs. For example, a seller of hats, seeing that the buyer is twirling a hat in his hands for a long time, considering whether to buy or not to buy, says that the client is lucky, because he found exactly the hat that suits him best. Like, the more I look at you, the more I am convinced that this is so.

6) Coding.

After the manipulation has worked, the manipulators code their victim for amnesia (forgetting) of everything that happens. For example, if a gypsy (as an extra-class specialist in waking hypnosis, street manipulation) took a ring or chain from the victim, then she will definitely utter the phrase before parting: “You don’t know me and have never seen me! These things - the ring and the chain - are alien! You've never seen them!" In this case, if the hypnosis was shallow, charm (“charm” - as an obligatory part of waking suggestion) disappears after a few minutes. With deep hypnosis, coding can last for years.

7) Stirlitz method.

Since a person in any conversation remembers the beginning and end better, it is necessary not only to enter the conversation correctly, but also to put the necessary words that the object of manipulation must remember - to put at the end of the conversation.

8) Speech trick "three stories".

In the case of such a technique, the following method of programming the human psyche is carried out. You are told three stories. But in an unusual way. First, they start telling you story #1. In the middle, they interrupt it and start telling story #2. In the middle, they interrupt it and start telling story #3, which is told in full. Then the manipulator finishes story No. 2, and then completes story No. 1. As a result of this method of programming the psyche, stories No. 1 and No. 2 are recognized and remembered. And story No. 3 is quickly forgotten and unconscious, which means that, having been forced out of consciousness, it is placed in the subconscious. But the bottom line is that just in story No. 3, the manipulators laid instructions and commands for the subconscious of the object of manipulation, which means you can be sure that after a while this person (object) will begin to fulfill the psychological settings introduced into his subconscious, and at the same time will count that they come from him. The introduction of information into the subconscious is a reliable way of programming a person to perform the settings necessary for manipulators.

9) Allegory.

As a result of such an impact of mind processing, the information the manipulator needs is hidden among the story, which the manipulator sets out allegorically and metaphorically. The bottom line is that just the hidden meaning is the thought that the manipulator decided to put into your mind. Moreover, the brighter and more picturesque the story is told, the easier it is for such information to go around the barrier of criticality and introduce information into the subconscious. Later, such information “starts to work” often just at the moment, the onset of which was either originally planned; or a code was laid, activating which the manipulator each time achieves the desired effect.

10) Method "as soon as ... then ...".

A very curious method. Here is how V.M. Kandyba: “The reception “as soon as ... then ...” This speech trick consists in the fact that a fortuneteller, for example, a gypsy, foreseeing some certain upcoming action of the client, says, for example: “As soon as you see your line life, you will immediately understand me! Here, by the subconscious logic of the client's look at her palm (at the "life line"), the gypsy logically attaches an increase in trust to herself and everything she does. At the same time, the gypsy deftly inserts a trap for consciousness with the end of the phrase “understand me immediately”, the intonation of which denotes another real meaning hidden from consciousness - “immediately agree with everything that I do.”

11) Scattering.

The method is quite interesting and effective. It consists in the fact that the manipulator, telling you a story, highlights his attitudes in some way that breaks the monotony of speech, including the so-called "anchors" (the "anchoring" technique refers to the methods of neurolinguistic programming). It is possible to distinguish speech by intonation, volume, touch, gestures, etc. Thus, such attitudes seem to be scattered among other words that make up the information flow of this story. And later - the subconscious of the object of manipulation will respond only to these words, intonations, gestures, and so on. In addition, as academician V.M. Kandyba notes, hidden commands dissipating in the middle of the whole conversation turn out to be very effective, and work much better than those expressed in a different way. To do this, one must be able to speak with expression, and underline - when required - the right words, skillfully highlight pauses, and so on.

There are the following methods of manipulative influences on the subconscious in order to program the behavior of a person (an object of manipulation):

Kinesthetic methods (the most effective): touching the hand, touching the head, any stroking, patting on the shoulder, shaking the hand, touching the fingers, placing the brushes on the client’s hands from above, taking the client’s brush in both hands, etc.

Emotional ways: raising emotions at the right time, lowering emotions, emotional exclamations or gestures.

Speech methods: change the volume of speech (louder, quieter); change in the pace of speech (faster, slower, pauses); change in intonation (increase-decrease); accompanying sounds (tapping, snapping fingers); change the localization of the sound source (right, left, top, bottom, front, back); change in the timbre of the voice (imperative, command, hard, soft, insinuating, drawling).

Visual methods: facial expressions, eye widening, hand gestures, finger movements, body position change (tilts, turns), head position changes (turns, tilts, lifts), a characteristic sequence of gestures (pantomime), rubbing one's own chin.

written methods. Hidden information can be inserted into any written text using the scattering technique, while the necessary words are highlighted: font size, different font, different color, paragraph indentation, new line, etc.

12) The "old reaction" method.

According to this method, it must be remembered that if in some situation a person reacts strongly to any stimulus, then after a while you can again expose this person to the action of such a stimulus, and the old reaction will automatically work for him, although the conditions and situation may differ significantly. from the one in which the reaction manifested itself for the first time. A classic example of the "old reaction" is when a child walking in the park is suddenly attacked by a dog. The child was very frightened and subsequently, in any, even the safest and most harmless, situation, when he sees a dog, he automatically, i.e. unconsciously, an "old reaction" arises: fear.

Such reactions are pain, temperature, kinesthetic (touch), taste, auditory, olfactory, etc., therefore, according to the mechanism of the "old reaction", a number of basic conditions must be met:

a) The reflective reaction should, if possible, be reinforced several times.

b) The applied irritant should, in its characteristics, match as much as possible the stimulus applied for the first time.

c) The best and more reliable is a complex stimulus that uses the reaction of several sense organs simultaneously.

If you need to establish dependence on you of another person (an object of manipulation), you must:

1) evoke a reaction of joy in the process of questioning the object;

2) fix a similar reaction by any of the signal methods (the so-called "anchors" in NLP);

3) if it is necessary to encode the psyche of the object - "activate" the "anchor" at the necessary moment. In this case, in response to your information, which, in your opinion, should be deposited in the memory of the object, the person chosen for the role of the object will have a positive associative array, which means that the barrier of criticality of the psyche will be broken, and such a person (object) will be “programmed” to implement conceived by you after the encoding you entered. At the same time, it is recommended that you first check yourself several times before fixing the “anchor”, so that by facial expressions, gestures, changed intonation, etc. remember the reflex reaction of the object to positive words for his psyche (for example, pleasant memories of the object), and pick up a reliable key (by tilting the head, voice, touch, etc.)

The fourth block of manipulations.

Manipulation through television. (S.K. Kara-Murza, 2007).

1) Fabrication of facts.

In this case, the manipulation effect occurs as a result of small deviations used in the supply of material, but acting always in the same direction. Manipulators only tell the truth when the truth can be easily verified. In other cases, they try to present the material in the way they need. Moreover, a lie becomes most effective when it is based on a stereotype embedded in the subconscious.

2) Selection for material events of reality.

In this case, an effective condition for programming thinking is the control of the media in order to present uniform information, but in different words. At the same time, the activities of opposition media are allowed. But their activities must be controlled and not go beyond the limits of broadcasting allowed by them. In addition, the media use the so-called. the principle of democracy of noise, when a message unnecessary by the manipulator should simply perish under a powerful release of versatile information.

3) Gray and black information.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the media began to use the technology of psychological warfare. The American Military Dictionary of 1948 defines psychological warfare as follows: "These are planned propaganda activities that influence the views, emotions, attitudes and behavior of enemy, neutral or friendly foreign groups in order to support national policy." The manual (1964) states that the purpose of such a war is "undermining the political and social structure of the country ... to such a degree of degradation of the national consciousness that the state becomes unable to resist."

4) Major psychoses.

The secret tasks of the media is to turn the citizens of our country into a single mass (crowd), with the aim of general regulation of the dissemination of the flow of information, which processes the consciousness and subconscious of people. As a result, such a crowd is easier to manage, and the average layman unquestioningly believes the most ridiculous statements.

5) Assertion and repetition.

In this case, the information is presented in the form of ready-made templates that actively involve the stereotypes in the subconscious mind. An affirmation in any speech means a refusal to discuss, since the power of an idea that can be discussed loses all credibility. In human thinking, Kara-Murza notes, the so-called. mosaic culture. The media are a factor in strengthening this type of thinking, accustoming a person to think in stereotypes, and not to include intellect when analyzing media materials. G.Lebon noted that with the help of repetition, information is introduced into the depths of the subconscious, where the motives for subsequent human actions are born. Excessive repetition dulls consciousness, causing any information to be deposited in the subconscious almost unchanged. And from the subconscious, after a certain period of time, such information passes into consciousness.

6) Crushing and urgency.

In this method of manipulating the media used, integral information is divided into fragments so that a person cannot combine them into a single whole and comprehend the problem. (For example, articles in a newspaper are divided into parts and placed on different pages; a text or a TV show is broken up by advertising.) Professor G. Schiller explains the effectiveness of this technique as follows: “When the holistic nature of a social problem is deliberately bypassed, and fragmentary information about it is offered as reliable "information", the results of this approach are always the same: misunderstanding ... apathy and, as a rule, indifference. By tearing apart information about an important event, it is possible to drastically reduce the impact of the message or completely deprive it of its meaning.

7) Simplification, stereotyping.

This type of manipulation is based on the fact that a person is a product of a mosaic culture. His consciousness is created by the media. The media, unlike high culture, is designed specifically for the masses. Therefore, they set strict limits on the complexity and originality of messages. The justification for this is the rule that a representative of the mass is able to adequately assimilate only simple information, so any new information is adjusted to a stereotype so that a person perceives information without effort and internal analysis.

8) Sensationalism.

In this case, the principle of such presentation of information is preserved, when it is impossible or very difficult to form a single whole from separate parts. In this case, any pseudo-sensation stands out. And already under the cover of it, the really important news is hushed up (if this news, for some reason, is dangerous for the circles that control the media).

Continuous bombardment of consciousness, especially with “bad news”, performs an important function of maintaining the necessary level of “nervousness” in society, draws the attention of prof. S.G. Kara-Murza. Such nervousness, a feeling of continuous crisis, sharply increases the suggestibility of people and reduces the ability for critical perception.

9) Changing the meaning of words and concepts.

Media manipulators in this case freely interpret the words of any person. At the same time, the context changes, often taking the form directly opposite or at least distorted. A striking example is provided by Prof. S.G. Kara-Murza, telling that when the Pope during a visit to one of the countries was asked how he relates to brothels, he was surprised that, they say, do they really exist. After that, an emergency report appeared in the newspapers: “The first thing dad asked when he set foot on our land was whether we have brothels?”

The fifth block of manipulations.

Manipulations of consciousness (S.A. Zelinsky, 2003).

1. Provocation of suspicion.

The manipulator initially puts the subject in critical conditions when he confidently puts forward a statement like: “Do you think I will persuade you? ..”, which implies the so-called. the opposite effect, when the one who is being manipulated begins to convince the manipulator of the opposite, and thereby, pronouncing the installation several times, unconsciously tends to the opinion of the honesty of the person who convinced him of something. Whereas by all conditions this honesty is false. But if, under certain conditions, he would understand this, that in this situation the line between lies and the susceptibility of truth is erased. So the manipulator achieves its goal.

Protection - do not pay attention and believe in yourself.

2. False advantage of the enemy.

With his specific words, the manipulator, as it were, initially casts doubt on his own arguments, referring to the allegedly more favorable conditions in which his opponent finds himself. Which, in turn, makes this opponent justify his desire to convince his partner and remove suspicion from himself. Thus, the one over whom the manipulation took place, unconsciously removes from himself any setting for censorship of the psyche, for defense, allowing attacks from the manipulator to penetrate into his psyche, which has become defenseless. The words of the manipulator, possible in such a situation: “You say so, because now your position requires it ...”

Protection - words such as: "Yes, I say this because I have such a position, I am right, and you must obey and obey me."

3. Aggressive manner of conducting a conversation.

When using this technique, the manipulator takes an initially high and aggressive rate of speech, which unconsciously subjugates the will of the opponent. In addition, the opponent in this case cannot properly process all the information received. Which forces him to agree with the information from the manipulator, unconsciously also wishing that all this would stop as soon as possible.

Protection - to make an artificial pause, interrupt the fast pace, reduce the aggressive intensity of the conversation, transfer the dialogue to a calm channel. If necessary, you can leave for a while, i.e. interrupt the conversation and after - when the manipulator calms down - continue the conversation.

4. Imaginary misunderstanding.

In this case, a certain trick is achieved as follows. The manipulator, referring to finding out for himself the correctness of what you just heard, repeat the words you said, but adding your own meaning to them. The spoken words can be like: "Sorry, did I understand you correctly, you say that ..." - and then he repeats 60-70% of what he heard from you, but distorts the final meaning by entering other information, information - he needs .

Protection - a clear clarification, going back and re-explaining to the manipulator what you meant when you said so-and-so.

5. False agreement.

In this case, the manipulator seems to agree with the information received from you, but immediately makes his own adjustments. According to the principle: "Yes, yes, everything is correct, but ...".

Protection is to believe in yourself and not pay attention to manipulative techniques in a conversation with you.

6. Provocation to the scandal.

With insulting words spoken in time, the manipulator tries to provoke anger, rage, misunderstanding, resentment, etc., in you with his ridicule, in order to piss you off and achieve the intended result.

Protection - a strong character, a strong will, a cold mind.

7. Specific terminology.

In this way, the manipulator achieves in you an unconscious belittling of your status, as well as the development of a feeling of inconvenience, as a result of which you, out of false modesty or self-doubt, are embarrassed to ask again the meaning of a particular term, which gives the manipulator the opportunity to turn the situation in the direction he needs, referring to the need for your alleged approval of the words he had previously spoken. Well, belittling the status of the interlocutor in a conversation allows you to be in an initially advantageous position and achieve what you need in the end.

Protection - ask again, clarify, pause and go back if necessary, referring to the desire to better understand what is required of you.

8. Using the effect of false suspicion in your words.

Applying such a position of psycho-influence, the manipulator, as it were, initially puts the interlocutor in the position of a defender. An example of the monologue used: “Do you think I will persuade you, convince you of something ...”, which already, as it were, makes the object want to convince the manipulator that this is not so, that you are initially well disposed towards him (to the manipulator), etc. n. In this way, the object, as it were, reveals itself for unconscious agreement with the words of the manipulator that will follow this.

Protection - words like: “Yes. I think that you should try to convince me of this, otherwise I will not believe you and further continuation of the conversation will not work.

The manipulator operates with quotations from the speeches of famous and significant people, the specifics of the foundations and principles accepted in society, and so on. Thus, the manipulator unconsciously belittles your status, they say, look, all respected and famous people say this, but you think completely differently, and who you are, and who they are, etc. - an approximately similar associative chain should unconsciously appear in the object of manipulation , after which the object, in fact, becomes such an object.

Protection - faith in one's exclusivity and "chosenness".

10. Formation of false stupidity and bad luck.

The statement of the type - this is banal, this is complete bad taste, etc. - should form in the object of manipulation the initial unconscious belittling of his role, and form his artificial dependence on the opinions of others, which prepares the dependence of this person on the manipulator. This means that the manipulator can practically fearlessly promote his ideas through the object of manipulation, pushing the object to solve the problems that the manipulator needs. That is, in other words, the ground for manipulations has already been prepared by the manipulations themselves.

Protection - do not succumb to provocations and believe in your own mind, knowledge, experience, education, etc.

11. Imposing thoughts.

In this case, by means of constantly or periodically repeated phrases, the manipulator accustoms the object to any information that is going to convey to him.

The principle of advertising is based on such manipulation. When at first any information repeatedly appears in front of you (and regardless of your conscious approval or denial of it), and then, when a person is faced with the need to choose a product, unconsciously from several types of goods of unknown brands, he chooses the one about which he already heard somewhere. Moreover, based on the fact that an exclusively positive opinion about a product is conveyed through advertising, it is much more likely that an exclusively positive opinion about this product has been formed in the unconscious of a person.

Protection - the initial critical analysis of any incoming information.

12. Lack of evidence, with hints of some special circumstances.

This is a way of manipulation through a special kind of reticence, forming in the object of manipulation a false confidence in what was said, through unconscious conjecture by him of certain situations. Moreover, when in the end it turns out that he “understood it wrong”, such a person practically does not have any component of the protest, because unconsciously he remains sure that he himself is to blame, because he misunderstood. Thus, the object of manipulation is forced (unconsciously - consciously) to accept the rules of the game imposed on him.

In the context of such a circumstance, it most likely makes sense to divide it into manipulation, taking into account both the unexpected for the object and the forced one, when the object eventually realizes that he has become a victim of manipulation, but is forced to accept them because of the impossibility of a conflict with his own conscience and some kind of inherent into his psyche with attitudes in the form of norms of behavior based on certain foundations of society, which do not allow such a person (object) to make a reverse move. Moreover, an agreement on his part can be dictated both by a sense of guilt falsely evoked in him, and by a kind of moral masochism, forcing him to unconsciously punish himself.

In this situation, the object of manipulation falls into the trap of a manipulator who plays on his own alleged inattention, so that after having achieved his goal, he refers to the fact that he allegedly did not notice (listen to) the protest from the opponent. At the same time, he actually puts the object before the fact of the perfect.

Protection - clarify and ask again what you misunderstood.

14. Belittling irony.

As a result of thoughts uttered at the right moment about the insignificance of his own status, the manipulator, as it were, forces the object to assert the opposite and elevate the manipulator in every possible way. Thus, subsequent manipulative actions of the manipulator become invisible to the object of manipulation.

Protection - if the manipulator believes that he is "insignificant" - it is necessary to continue to give his will, strengthening such a feeling in him, so that he no longer has the thought of manipulating you, and when he sees you, the manipulator has a desire to obey you or bypass you .

15. Focus on the pros.

In this case, the manipulator concentrates the conversation only on the pros, thereby promoting his idea and ultimately achieving manipulation of the psyche of another person.

Defense - to make a number of contradictory statements, to be able to say "no", etc.

The sixth block of manipulations.

Personality manipulation (G. Grachev, I. Melnik, 1999).

1. "Hanging labels".

This technique consists in choosing offensive epithets, metaphors, names, etc. ("Labels") to refer to a person, organization, idea, any social phenomenon. Such "labels" cause an emotionally negative attitude of others, they are associated with low (dishonest and socially disapproved) deeds (behavior) and, thus, are used to discredit a person, expressed ideas and proposals, an organization, a social group or a subject of discussion. in the eyes of the audience.

2. Shining Generalizations.

This technique consists in replacing the name or designation of a certain social phenomenon, idea, organization, social group or a specific person with a more general name that has a positive emotional connotation and evokes a benevolent attitude of others. This technique is based on the exploitation of people's positive feelings and emotions towards certain concepts and words, for example, such as "freedom", "patriotism", "peace", "happiness", "love", "success", "victory", etc. etc. Such words, which carry a positive psycho-emotional impact, are used to push through solutions that are beneficial for a particular person, group or organization.

3. "Transfer" or "transfer".

The essence of this technique is skillful, unobtrusive and imperceptible to most people, spreading the authority and prestige of what they value and respect for what they are presented with a source of communication. The use of "transfer" forms associative links of the presented object with someone or something that has value and significance among others. In addition, negative “transfer” is also used to create associations with negative and socially unapproved events, actions, facts, people, etc., which is necessary to discredit specific individuals, ideas, situations, social groups or organizations.

The content of this technique is to bring the statements of individuals with high authority, or vice versa, those that cause a negative reaction in the category of people on whom the manipulative influence is directed. The statements used usually contain value judgments about people, ideas, events, etc., and express their condemnation or approval. Thus, in a person, as an object of manipulative influence, the formation of an appropriate attitude is initiated - positive or negative.

5. "The game of common people".

The purpose of this technique is to try to establish a trusting relationship with the audience, as with congenial people, on the basis that both the manipulator and the ideas are correct, as they are focused on the common man. Such a technique is actively used in advertising and information promotion and various kinds of propaganda to form the chosen image - "a man from the people" - in order to form trust in him from the side of the people.

6. "Shuffling" or "Juggling the Cards".

7. "Common wagon".

When using this technique, judgments, statements, phrases are selected that require uniformity in behavior, creating the impression that everyone does this. The message, for example, may begin with the words: "All normal people understand that ..." or "no sane person will object that ...", etc. By means of a “common platform”, a person is evoked a feeling of confidence that the majority of members of a certain social community with which he identifies himself or whose opinion is significant to him, accept such values, ideas, programs, etc.

8. Crushing of information supply, redundancy, high rate.

Especially often such techniques are used on television. As a result of such a massive shelling of people's minds (for example, cruelty on TV), they cease to critically perceive what is happening, and perceive it as meaningless incidents. In addition, the viewer, following the fast speech of the announcer or presenter, misses links to the source of information and in his imagination already connects and harmonizes the inconsistent parts of the perceived programs.

9. "Mockery".

When using this technique, both specific individuals and views, ideas, programs, organizations and their activities, various associations of people against whom the struggle is being fought can be subjected to ridicule. The choice of the object of ridicule is carried out depending on the goals and the specific information and communication situation. The effect of this technique is based on the fact that when ridiculing individual statements and elements of a person’s behavior, a playful and frivolous attitude is initiated towards him, which automatically extends to his other statements and views. With the skillful use of such a technique, it is possible for a particular person to form the image of a “frivolous” person whose statements are not trustworthy.

10. "Method of negative assignment groups".

In this case, it is argued that any set of views is the only correct one. All who share these views are better than those who do not share (but share others, often opposite ones). For example, pioneers or Komsomol members are better than informal youth. Pioneers and Komsomol members are honest, responsive, if Komsomol members are called up to serve in the army - they are excellent students in combat and political training. And informal youth - punks, hippies, and so on. - not good youth. Thus, one group is opposed to another. Accordingly, different accents of perception are highlighted.

11. "Repetition of slogans" or "repetition of formulaic phrases."

The main condition for the effectiveness of the use of this technique is the correct slogan. A slogan is a short statement phrased in such a way as to attract attention and affect the imagination and feelings of the reader or listener. The slogan must be adapted to the characteristics of the psyche of the target audience (i.e., the group of people who need to be influenced). Using the technique of "repetition of slogans" assumes that the listener or reader will not think about the meaning of individual words used in the slogan, nor about the correctness of the entire formulation as a whole. We can add to the definition of G. Grachev and I. Melnik on our own behalf that the brevity of the slogan allows information to freely penetrate into the subconscious, thus programming the psyche, and giving rise to psychological attitudes and patterns of behavior, which subsequently serve as an algorithm of actions for a person (masses, crowds) received such settings.

12. "Emotional Adjustment".

This technique can be defined as a way to create a mood while conveying certain information. The mood is evoked among a group of people by various means (external environment, certain times of the day, lighting, mild stimulants, music, songs, etc.). Against this background, relevant information is transmitted, but they strive to ensure that there is not too much of it. Most often this technique is used in theatrical performances, game and show programs, religious (cult) events, etc.

13. "Promotion through mediators".

This technique is based on the fact that the process of perception of significant information, certain values, views, ideas, assessments has a two-stage character. This means that an effective information impact on a person is often carried out not through the media, but through people who are authoritative for him. This phenomenon is reflected in the two-stage communication flow model developed in the mid-1950s in the USA by Paul Lazarsfeld. In the model he proposed, the distinguished two-stage nature of the mass communication process is taken into account, firstly, as the interaction between the communicator and "opinion leaders", and secondly, as the interaction of opinion leaders with members of microsocial groups. Informal leaders, politicians, representatives of religious denominations, cultural figures, scientists, artists, athletes, military, etc. can act as "opinion leaders". In the practice of information and psychological impact of the media, this has led to the fact that information, propaganda and advertising messages have become more focused on persons whose opinions are significant to others. (i.e., "movie stars" and other popular persons carry out evaluations and advertising promotion of the product). The manipulative effect is enhanced by inclusion in entertainment programs, interviews, etc. direct or indirect assessments of such leaders of any ongoing events, which contributes to the desired impact on the subconscious level of the human psyche.

14. "Imaginary choice".

The essence of this technique lies in the fact that listeners or readers are informed of several different points of view on a particular issue, but in such a way as to imperceptibly present in the most favorable light the one that they want to be accepted by the audience. To do this, several additional techniques are usually used: a) include so-called "two-sided messages" in propaganda materials that contain arguments for and against a certain position. This "two-way communication" preempts the opponent's arguments; b) positive and negative elements are dosed. Those. in order for a positive assessment to look more plausible, a little criticism should be added to the description of the described point of view, and the effectiveness of the condemning position increases if elements of praise are present; c) selection of facts of strengthening or weakening of statements is carried out. Conclusions are not included in the text of the above messages. They should be made by those for whom the information is intended; d) there is an operation with comparative materials to enhance the importance, demonstrate trends and scale of events, phenomena. All the evidence used is selected in such a way that the necessary conclusion is sufficiently obvious.

15. "Initiation of an information wave".

An effective technique of information impact on large groups of people is the initiation of a secondary information wave. Those. an event is proposed that will clearly pick up and begin to replicate the media. At the same time, the initial coverage in one media can be picked up by other media, which will increase the power of the information and psychological impact. This creates a so-called. "primary" information wave. The main purpose of using this technique is to create a secondary information wave at the level of interpersonal communication by initiating appropriate discussions, assessments, rumors. All this makes it possible to enhance the effect of information and psychological impact on target audiences.

The seventh block of manipulations.

Manipulative techniques used during discussions and discussions. (G. Grachev, I. Melnik, 2003)

1. Dosing of the initial infobase.

Materials necessary for discussion are not provided to the participants on time, or are given selectively. Some participants in the discussions, “as if by accident”, are given an incomplete set of materials, and along the way it turns out that someone, unfortunately, was not aware of all the information available. Working documents, letters, appeals, notes and everything else that can affect the process and results of the discussion in an unfavorable direction are “lost”. Thus, incomplete informing of some participants is carried out, which makes it difficult for them to discuss, and for others creates additional opportunities for using psychological manipulations.

2. " Too much information."

Reverse option. It consists in the fact that too many projects, proposals, decisions, etc. are being prepared, the comparison of which in the process of discussion turns out to be impossible. Especially when a large amount of materials is offered for discussion in a short time, and therefore their qualitative analysis is difficult.

3. Formation of opinions through targeted selection of speakers.

The word is given first to those whose opinion is known and suits the organizer of the manipulative influence. In this way, the formation of the desired attitude among the participants in the discussion is carried out, because changing the primary attitude requires more effort than its formation. To carry out the formation of the settings necessary for the manipulators, the discussion can also end or be interrupted after the speech of a person whose position corresponds to the views of the manipulators.

4. Double standard in the norms for evaluating the behavior of participants in discussions.

Some speakers are severely restricted in observing the rules and regulations of relationships during the discussion, while others are allowed to deviate from them and violate the established rules. The same thing happens with regard to the nature of the allowed statements: some people do not notice harsh statements about opponents, others make comments, etc. It is possible that the regulations are not specifically established, so that you can choose a more convenient course of action along the way. At the same time, either the positions of the opponents are smoothed and they are “pulled up” to the desired point of view, or, conversely, the differences in their positions are strengthened up to incompatible and mutually exclusive points of view, as well as bringing the discussion to the point of absurdity.

5. "Maneuvering" the agenda of the discussion.

In order to make it easier to pass the “necessary” question, first “steam is released” (initiate a surge of emotions of the audience) on insignificant and unimportant issues, and then, when everyone is tired or under the impression of the previous skirmish, a question is raised that they want to discuss without increased criticism.

5. Management of the discussion process.

In public discussions, the floor is alternately given to the most aggressive representatives of opposition groups that allow mutual insults, which are either not stopped at all, or are stopped only for appearances. As a result of such a manipulative move, the atmosphere of discussion heats up to a critical one. Thus, the discussion of the current topic can be terminated. Another way is to unexpectedly interrupt an unwanted speaker, or deliberately move on to another topic. This technique is often used in the course of commercial negotiations, when, at a prearranged signal from the head, the secretary brings coffee, an “important” call is organized, etc.

6. Limitations in the procedure for conducting discussions.

When using this technique, proposals regarding the procedure for discussion are ignored; bypass undesirable facts, questions, arguments; the floor is not given to participants who, by their statements, may lead to undesirable changes in the course of the discussion. The decisions made are fixed rigidly, it is not allowed to return to them even when new data is received that is important for making final decisions.

7. Referencing.

Brief reformulation of questions, proposals, arguments, during which the emphasis shifts in the desired direction. At the same time, an arbitrary summary can be carried out, in which, in the process of summing up, there is a change in the emphasis in the conclusions, the presentation of the positions of the opponents, their views, and the results of the discussion in the desired direction. In addition, in interpersonal communication, you can increase your status with the help of a certain arrangement of furniture and resorting to a number of tricks. For example, to place a visitor on a lower chair, to have a lot of diplomas of the owner on the walls in the office, in the course of discussions and negotiations, defiantly use the attributes of power and authority.

8. Psychological tricks.

This group includes techniques based on annoying the opponent, using a sense of shame, inattention, humiliation of personal qualities, flattery, playing on pride and other individual psychological characteristics of a person.

9. Annoying the opponent.

Unbalance by ridicule, unfair accusations and other means until he "boils". At the same time, it is important that the opponent not only become irritated, but also make an erroneous or unfavorable statement for his position in the discussion. This technique is actively used in an explicit form as a belittling of an opponent or in a more veiled one, in combination with irony, indirect allusions, implicit but recognizable subtext. Acting in this way, the manipulator can emphasize, for example, such negative personality traits of the object of manipulative influence as ignorance, ignorance in a certain area, etc.

10. Self-praise.

This trick is an indirect method of belittling the opponent. Only it is not directly stated “who you are”, but according to “who I am” and “with whom you are arguing”, the corresponding conclusion follows. Such expressions can be used as: “... I am the head of a large enterprise, region, industry, institution, etc.”, “... I had to solve large tasks ...”, “... before applying for it is... it is necessary to be a leader at least...”, “...before discussing and criticizing... it is necessary to gain experience in solving problems at least on a scale...”, etc.

11. Use of words, theories and terms unfamiliar to the opponent.

The trick succeeds if the opponent hesitates to ask again and pretends that he has accepted these arguments, understood the meaning of terms that are unclear to him. Behind such words or phrases is the desire to discredit the personal qualities of the object of manipulation. Particularly effective in the use of slang unfamiliar to most occurs in situations where the subject does not have the opportunity to object or clarify what was meant, and can also be exacerbated by the use of a fast pace of speech and a lot of thoughts that change one another in the process of discussion. Moreover, it is important to note that the use of scientific terms is considered manipulation only in cases where such a statement is made deliberately for the psychological impact on the object of manipulation.

12. " Lubrication" of arguments.

In this case, the manipulators play on flattery, vanity, arrogance, elevated self-conceit of the object of manipulation. For example, he is bribed with the words that he "... as a person as insightful and erudite, intellectually developed and competent, sees the internal logic of the development of this phenomenon ..." Thus, an ambitious person is faced with a dilemma - either accept this point of view, or reject a flattering public assessment and enter into a dispute, the outcome of which is not predictable enough.

13. Disruption or withdrawal from the discussion.

Such a manipulative action is carried out with the demonstrative use of resentment. For example, “... it is impossible to constructively discuss serious issues with you ...” or “... your behavior makes it impossible to continue our meeting ...”, or “I am ready to continue this discussion, but only after you put your nerves..." etc. The disruption of the discussion using the provocation of the conflict is carried out by using a variety of techniques to drive the opponent out of himself, when the discussion turns into an ordinary squabble that is completely unrelated to the original topic. In addition, tricks such as interrupting, interrupting, raising the voice, demonstrative acts of behavior that show unwillingness to listen and disrespect for the opponent can be used. After their application, statements are made like: “... it is impossible to talk with you, because you do not give a single intelligible answer to a single question”; “... it is impossible to talk with you, because you do not give the opportunity to express a point of view that does not coincide with yours ...”, etc.

14. Reception "stick arguments".

It is used in two main varieties, differing in purpose. If the goal is to interrupt the discussion by psychologically suppressing the opponent, there is a reference to the so-called. higher interests without deciphering these higher interests and without arguing the reasons why they are appealed to. In this case, statements like: “Do you understand what you are encroaching on?!...”, etc. are used. If it is necessary to force the object of manipulation to at least outwardly agree with the proposed point of view, then such arguments are used that the object can accept out of fear of something unpleasant, dangerous, or to which he cannot respond in accordance with his views for the same reasons. . Such arguments may include such judgments as: "... this is a denial of the constitutionally fixed institution of the presidency, the system of supreme legislative bodies, undermining the constitutional foundations of society ...". It can be simultaneously combined with an indirect form of labeling, for example, “... it is precisely such statements that contribute to provoking social conflicts ...”, or “... Nazi leaders used such arguments in their lexicon ...”, or “... You deliberately use facts that contribute to incitement of nationalism, anti-Semitism…” and so on.

15. "Reading in the hearts."

It is used in two main versions (the so-called positive and negative forms). The essence of using this technique is that the audience's attention moves from the content of the opponent's arguments to the reasons he allegedly has and hidden motives why he speaks and defends a certain point of view, and does not agree with the arguments of the opposite side. Can be enhanced by the simultaneous use of "stick arguments" and "labeling". For example: “... You say this defending corporate interests...”, or “... the reason for your aggressive criticism and uncompromising position is obvious - this is the desire to discredit progressive forces, the constructive opposition, to disrupt the process of democratization ... but the people do not will allow such pseudo-defenders of the law to interfere with the satisfaction of his legitimate interests ... ”, etc. Sometimes "reading in the hearts" takes the form when a motive is found that does not allow speaking in favor of the opposite side. This technique can be combined not only with “stick arguments”, but also with “oiling the argument”. For example: "... your decency, excessive modesty and false shame do not allow you to recognize this obvious fact and thereby support this progressive undertaking, on which the solution of the issue depends, which our voters expect with impatience and hope ...", etc. .

16. Logical-psychological tricks.

Their name is due to the fact that, on the one hand, they can be built on the violation of the laws of logic, and on the other hand, on the contrary, they can use formal logic to manipulate an object. Even in ancient times, a sophism was known that required a yes or no answer to the question “Have you stopped beating your father?” Any answer is difficult, because if the answer is “yes”, then it means he beat before, and if the answer is “no”, then the object beats his father. There are many variants of such sophism: “... Do you all write denunciations? ..”, “... Have you already stopped drinking? ..”, etc. Public accusations are especially effective, and the main thing is to get a short answer and not give the person the opportunity to explain himself. The most common logical and psychological tricks include the conscious uncertainty of the thesis put forward, or the answer to the question posed, when the thought is formulated vaguely, indefinitely, which allows it to be interpreted in different ways. In politics, this technique allows you to get out of difficult situations.

17. Failure to comply with the law of sufficient cause.

Compliance with the formally logical law of sufficient reason in discussions and discussions is very subjective in view of the fact that the conclusion about the sufficient reason for the defended thesis is made by the participants in the discussion. According to this law, arguments that are true and related to the thesis may be insufficient if they are of a private nature and do not give grounds for final conclusions. In addition to formal logic in the practice of information exchange, there is a so-called. "psycho-logic" (argumentation theory), the essence of which is that argumentation does not exist by itself, it is put forward by certain people in certain conditions and perceived by certain people who also have (or do not have) certain knowledge, social status, personal qualities, etc. Therefore, a special case, elevated to the rank of regularity, often passes if the manipulator manages to influence the object of influence with the help of side effects.

18. Change of emphasis in statements.

In these cases, what the opponent said about a particular case is refuted as a general pattern. The reverse trick is that one or two facts are opposed to general reasoning, which in fact may be exceptions or atypical examples. Often during the discussion, conclusions about the problem under discussion are made on the basis of what “lies on the surface”, for example, side effects of the development of a phenomenon.

19. Incomplete rebuttal.

In this case, the combination of a logical violation with a psychological factor is used in those cases when the most vulnerable of the positions and arguments put forward by the opponent in his defense is chosen, he is broken in a sharp form and pretend that the rest of the arguments do not even deserve attention. The trick passes if the opponent does not return to the topic.

20. Demanding a clear answer.

With the help of phrases like: "do not evade ..", "say clearly, in front of everyone ...", "say it straight ...", etc. - the object of manipulation is offered to give an unambiguous answer "yes" or "no" to a question that requires a detailed answer or when the unambiguity of the answer can lead to a misunderstanding of the essence of the problem. In an audience with a low educational level, such a trick can be perceived as a manifestation of integrity, decisiveness and directness.

21. Artificial displacement of the dispute.

In this case, having started discussing any position, the manipulator tries not to give arguments from which this provision follows, but suggests immediately proceeding to refute it. Thus, the opportunity for criticism of one's own position is limited, and the dispute itself is shifted to the argumentation of the opposite side. In the event that the opponent succumbed to this and begins to criticize the put forward position, citing various arguments, they try to argue around these arguments, looking for flaws in them, but without presenting their system of evidence for discussion.

22. "Many questions."

In the case of this manipulative technique, the object is asked several different questions at once on one topic. In the future, they act depending on his answer: either they are accused of not understanding the essence of the problem, or that he did not answer the question completely, or of trying to mislead.

The eighth block of manipulations.

Manipulative influences depending on the type of behavior and emotions of a person. (V.M. Kandyba, 2004).

1. First type. Most of the time a person spends between the normal state of consciousness and the state of normal night sleep.

This type is governed by his upbringing, character, habits, as well as a sense of pleasure, a desire for security and peace, i.e. everything that is formed by verbal and emotional-figurative memory. In most men of the first type, the abstract mind, words and logic prevail, and in the majority of women of the first type - common sense, feelings and fantasies. Manipulative influence should be directed to the needs of such people.

2. The second type. Dominance of trance states.

These are super-suggestible and super-hypnotizable people whose behavior and reactions are controlled by the psychophysiology of the right hemisphere of the brain: imagination, illusions, dreams, dreamy desires, feelings and sensations, belief in the unusual, belief in someone's authority, stereotypes, selfish or disinterested interests (conscious or unconscious ), scenarios of events, facts and circumstances occurring with them. In the case of manipulative influence, it is recommended to influence the feelings and imagination of such people.

3. The third type. Dominance of the left hemisphere of the brain.

Such people are governed by verbal information, as well as principles, beliefs and attitudes developed during the conscious analysis of reality. External reactions of people of the third type are determined by their education and upbringing, as well as a critical and logical analysis of any information coming from the outside world. In order to effectively influence them, it is necessary to reduce their analysis of the information presented to them by their left, critical, hemisphere of the brain. To do this, it is recommended to present information against the background of trust in you, and information must be presented strictly and balanced, using strictly logical conclusions, backing up the facts with exclusively authoritative sources, appealing not to feelings and pleasures (instincts), but to reason, conscience, duty, morality, justice, etc.

4. Fourth type. Primitive people with a predominance of right-brain instinctive-animal states.

In their main part, these are ill-bred and uneducated people with an undeveloped left brain, who often grew up with mental retardation in socially disadvantaged families (alcoholics, prostitutes, drug addicts, etc.). The reactions and behavior of such people are controlled by animal instincts and needs: sexual instinct, the desire to eat well, sleep, drink, experience more pleasant pleasures. With a manipulative impact on such people, it is necessary to influence the psychophysiology of the right brain: on the experiences and feelings they have previously experienced, hereditary character traits, behavior stereotypes, on the currently prevailing feelings, mood, fantasies and instincts. It must be taken into account that this category of people thinks mostly primitively: if you satisfy their instincts and feelings, they react positively, if you do not satisfy them, negatively.

5. Fifth type. People with an "expanded state of consciousness".

These are those who have managed to develop a highly spiritual person. In Japan, such people are called "enlightened", in India - "Mahatmas", in China - "perfectly wise Tao people", in Russia - "holy prophets and miracle workers". The Arabs call such people "holy Sufis." Manipulators cannot influence such people, as V.M. Kandyba notes, since they “are inferior to them in professional knowledge of man and nature.”

6. Sixth type. People with a predominance of pathological conditions in their psychophysiology.

Mostly mentally ill people. Their behavior and reactions are unpredictable, as they are abnormal. These people may perform some action as a result of a painful motive or being held captive by some kind of hallucination. Many of these people fall victim to totalitarian sects. Manipulations against such people must be carried out quickly and harshly, causing them fear, a feeling of unbearable pain, isolation and, if necessary, complete immobility and a special injection that deprives them of consciousness and activity.

7. Seventh type. People whose reactions and behavior are dominated by a strong emotion, one or more of the basic basic emotions, such as fear, pleasure, anger, etc.

Fear is one of the strongest hypnogenic (hypnosis generating) emotions that always arises in every person when his physical, social or other well-being is threatened. Experiencing fear, a person immediately falls into a narrowed, altered state of consciousness. The left brain is inhibited with its ability to rational, critical-analytical, verbal-logical perception of what is happening, and the right brain is activated with its emotions, imagination and instincts.

© Sergey Zelinsky, 2009
© Published with the kind permission of the author