Positive and negative aspects of Oblomov's personality. "Oblomov's Dream" - the world of a sleepy and poetic soul

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was written during the transition of Russian society from outdated, house-building traditions and values to new, enlightening views and ideas. This process became the most difficult and difficult for representatives of the landlord social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if a part of society easily adapted to the renewed circumstances, then for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the representative of just such landlords, who failed to change along with the world, adapting to it. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building upbringing, which formed many of Oblomov's main character traits - lack of will, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, unwillingness to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him. Excessive guardianship of parents, constant prohibitions, the peacefully lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most insignificant difficulties.

The inconsistency of Oblomov's character in the novel "Oblomov"

The negative side of Oblomov's character

In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for outside help - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who can solve problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will figure out the situation of interest to Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions invented by him. Spending all his days lying on the couch, Oblomov makes unrealizable plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he draws for himself are echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.

It would seem that a lazy, lumberjack hero living in an untidy apartment cannot arouse sympathy and disposition in the reader, especially against the background of an active, active, purposeful friend of Ilya Ilyich - Stolz. However, the true essence of Oblomov is revealed gradually, which allows you to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, care and control of his parents, subtly feeling, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - the knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy gained by one's own work. From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful courtyards carried out orders at the first call, and parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Once outside the parental nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and affably as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for himself. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, "cruel" world in his dreams.

The positive side of Oblomov's character

The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state, leading to the degradation of the personality, was Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only negative, but also positive features of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner peace and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stoltz came in difficult moments when he needed support and understanding. Pigeon tenderness, sensuality and sincerity of Oblomov are revealed during the relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to Oblomov's values - this betrays a subtle psychologist in him. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, as he understands that he will not be able to give Olga the happiness she dreams of.

The character and fate of Oblomov are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, along with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete departure into a pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.

National character in the novel "Oblomov"

The image of Oblomov in Goncharov's novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the Fool on the stove, about which the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like a character in a fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a benevolent firebird or a kind sorceress will appear who will take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hardworking, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless”, “some kind of lazy person whom everyone offends”.

Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person brought up on folk tales and legends. Falling on fertile ground, this belief becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with an illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “he had a fairy tale mixed with life, and sometimes he unconsciously feels sad, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale.”

At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that "Oblomov" happiness that he had long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring kind wife, an arranged life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to a woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three trials, after which he will expect the fulfillment of all desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, first succumbing to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for Olga. Describing Oblomov's life, the author seems to be ironic about the hero's excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle, for which there is no need to fight.

Conclusion

At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov's character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, make it possible to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality "out of his time" - an "extra person" who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not in a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but in the wrong upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Grown as a "houseplant", Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was hard enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.

Artwork test

One of the largest Russian writers of the 19th century, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, is the author of widely known novels: "An Ordinary Story", "Oblomov" and "Cliff".

Especially popular Goncharov's novel "Oblomov". Although it was published over a hundred years ago (in 1859), it is still read with great interest today, as a vivid artistic depiction of musty landowner life. It captures a typical literary image of enormous impressive power - the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

The remarkable Russian critic N. A. Dobrolyubov, in his article “What is Oblomovism?”, clarifying the historical significance of Goncharov’s novel, established the features that mark this painful phenomenon in public life and in a person’s personality.

Oblomov's character

Main Oblomov's character traits- weakness of the will, passive, indifferent attitude to the surrounding reality, a tendency to a purely contemplative life, carelessness and laziness. The common name "Oblomov" came into use to refer to a person who is extremely inactive, phlegmatic and passive.

Oblomov's favorite pastime is lying in bed. “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person, this was his normal state. When he was at home - and he was almost always at home - he was still lying, and everything was constantly in the same room. Oblomov's office was dominated by neglect and negligence. If it weren’t for the plate with a salt shaker and a gnawed bone lying on the table, uncleaned from the evening dinner, and not for the pipe leaning against the bed, or not the host himself, lying in bed, "one would think that no one lives here - everything was so dusty, faded and generally devoid of living traces of human presence."

Oblomov is too lazy to get up, too lazy to get dressed, too lazy to even concentrate his thoughts on something.

Living a sluggish, contemplative life, Ilya Ilyich is not averse to sometimes dreaming, but his dreams are fruitless and irresponsible. This is how he, the immovable bumpkin, dreams of becoming a famous military leader, like Napoleon, or a great artist, or a writer, before whom everyone bows. These dreams did not lead to anything - they are just one of the manifestations of an idle pastime.

Typical for the nature of Oblomov and the state of apathy. He is afraid of life, tries to isolate himself from life's impressions. He says with effort and prayer: "Life touches." At the same time, Oblomov is deeply inherent in the nobility. Once his servant Zakhar hinted that "others lead a different life." Oblomov responded to this reproach in the following way:

“The other one works tirelessly, runs around, fusses ... If he doesn’t work, he won’t eat ... But what about me? .. Do I rush about, do I work? It seems that there is someone to give, to do: I have never pulled a stocking over my legs, as I live, thank God! Will I worry? From what to me?

Why Oblomov became "Oblomov". Childhood in Oblomovka

Oblomov was not born such a useless slacker as he is presented in the novel. All his negative character traits are the product of depressing living conditions and upbringing in childhood.

In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" Goncharov shows why Oblomov became "Oblomov". But how active, inquisitive and inquisitive little Ilyusha Oblomov was and how these features were extinguished in the ugly atmosphere of Oblomovka:

“The child looks and observes with a sharp and captivating look how and what adults do, what they devote morning to. Not a single trifle, not a single feature escapes the inquisitive attention of the child, the picture of domestic life indelibly cuts into the soul, the soft mind is saturated with living examples and unconsciously draws a program of his life from the life around him.

But how monotonous and tedious are the pictures of domestic life in Oblomovka! The whole life consisted in the fact that people ate many times a day, slept to the point of stupefaction, and in their free time from eating and sleeping they wandered around idle.

Ilyusha is a lively, active child, he wants to run around, observe, but his natural childish inquisitiveness is hindered.

“- Let's go, mom, for a walk,” says Ilyusha.
- What are you, God bless you! Now walk, - she answers, - it's damp, you'll catch a cold; and it’s scary: now the goblin walks in the forest, he takes away small children ... "

Ilyusha was protected in every possible way from work, created a lordly state in the child, accustomed to inactivity. “If Ilya Ilyich wants something, he only has to blink - already three or four servants rush to fulfill his desire; whether he drops something, whether he needs to get a thing, but he won’t get it, whether to bring something, whether to run away for what; sometimes, like a frisky boy, he just wants to rush and redo everything himself, and then suddenly his father and mother and three aunts in five voices will shout:

"For what? Where? What about Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka? Hey! Vaska! Vanka! Zaharka! What are you looking at, bro? Here I am!..”

And Ilya Ilyich will never be able to do anything for himself.

Parents looked at Ilyusha's education only as a necessary evil. It was not respect for knowledge, not the need for it that they awakened in the heart of the child, but rather disgust, and tried in every possible way to “make it easier” for the boy this difficult matter; under various pretexts, they did not send Ilyusha to the teacher: either under the pretext of ill health, or in view of someone's upcoming name day, and even in those cases when they were going to bake pancakes.

The years of his studies at the university also passed without a trace for Oblomov's mental and moral development; nothing came of this man, who was not accustomed to work, with the service; neither the smart and energetic friend Stolz, nor his beloved girl Olga, who set out to return Oblomov to an active life, had a profound effect on him.

Parting with his friend, Stoltz said: "Farewell, old Oblomovka, you have outlived your life". These words refer to tsarist pre-reform Russia, but even in the conditions of the new life, there are still a lot of sources that nourished the Oblomov movement.

Oblomov today, in the modern world

No today, in the modern world Fragments, no oblast in that sharply expressed and extreme form in which it is shown by Goncharov. But with all this, even in our country from time to time there are manifestations of Oblomovism as a relic of the past. Their roots must be sought, first of all, in the wrong conditions of family upbringing of some children, whose parents, usually not realizing this, contribute to the emergence of Oblomov moods and Oblomov behavior in their children.

And in the modern world there are families where love for children is manifested in providing them with such conveniences in which children, as far as possible, are freed from work. Some children reveal the features of Oblomov's weak character only in relation to certain types of activity: to mental or, conversely, to physical labor. Meanwhile, without a combination of mental labor with physical development, development proceeds one-sidedly. This one-sidedness can lead to general lethargy and apathy.

Oblomovism is a sharp expression of weakness of character. In order to prevent it, it is necessary to educate in children those strong-willed character traits that exclude passivity and apathy. The first of these traits is purposefulness. A person with a strong character has the features of volitional activity: determination, courage, initiative. Especially important for a strong character is perseverance, manifested in overcoming obstacles, in the fight against difficulties. Strong characters are formed in struggle. Oblomov was freed from all efforts, life in his eyes was divided into two halves: “one consisted of labor and boredom - these were synonyms for him; the other from peace and peaceful fun. Not accustomed to labor effort, children, like Oblomov, tend to identify work with boredom and seek peace and peaceful fun.

It is useful to re-read the wonderful novel Oblomov, so that, imbued with a feeling of disgust for Oblomovism and its roots, carefully monitor whether there are any remnants of it in the modern world - even if not in a harsh, but sometimes disguised form, and take all measures to overcome these experiences.

According to the magazine "Family and School", 1963

Oblomov's character

Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" was published in 1859. It took almost 10 years to create it. This is one of the most outstanding novels of classical literature of our time. This is how well-known literary critics of that era spoke about the novel. Goncharov was able to convey realistically objectively and reliable facts of the reality of the layers of the social environment of the historical period. It must be assumed that his most successful achievement was the creation of the image of Oblomov.

He was a young man of 32-33 years old, of medium height, with a pleasant face and an intelligent look, but without any definite depth of meaning. As the author noted, the thought walked across the face like a free bird, fluttered in the eyes, fell on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared and a careless young man appeared before us. Sometimes boredom or fatigue could be read on his face, but all the same, there was a softness of character in him, the warmth of his soul. Oblomov's whole life is accompanied by three attributes of bourgeois well-being - a sofa, a dressing gown and shoes. At home, Oblomov wore an oriental soft capacious dressing gown. He spent all his free time lying down. Laziness was an integral feature of his character. The cleaning of the house was done superficially, giving the appearance of cobwebs hanging in the corners, although at first glance one might think that it was a well-cleaned room. There were two more rooms in the house, but he did not go there at all. If there was an uncleaned dinner plate with crumbs everywhere, an unsmoked pipe, one would think that the apartment is empty, no one lives in it. He always marveled at his energetic friends. How can you spend your life like that, spraying on dozens of things at once. His financial condition wanted to be the best. Lying on the sofa, Ilya Ilyich always thought of how to fix it.

The image of Oblomov is a complex, contradictory, even tragic hero. His character predetermines an ordinary, uninteresting fate, devoid of the energy of life, its bright events. Goncharov draws the main attention to the established system of that era, which influenced his hero. This influence was expressed in the empty and meaningless existence of Oblomov. Helpless attempts at rebirth under the influence of Olga, Stolz, marriage to Pshenitsyna, and even death itself are defined in the novel as Oblomovism.

The very character of the hero, according to the writer's intention, is much larger and deeper. Oblomov's dream is the key to the whole novel. The hero moves to another era, to other people. A lot of light, a joyful childhood, gardens, sunny rivers, but first you have to go through obstacles, an endless sea with raging waves, groans. Behind him are rocks with abysses, a crimson sky with a red glow. After an exciting landscape, we find ourselves in a small corner where people live happily, where they want to be born and die, it cannot be otherwise, they think so. Goncharov describes these inhabitants: “Everything in the village is quiet and sleepy: the silent huts are wide open; not a soul is visible; only flies fly in clouds and buzz in stuffiness. There we meet young Oblomov. As a child, Oblomov could not dress himself; servants always helped him. As an adult, he also resorts to their help. Ilyusha grows up in an atmosphere of love, peace and excessive care. Oblomovka is a corner where calmness and imperturbable silence reign. This is a dream within a dream. Everything around seemed to freeze, and nothing can wake up these people who live uselessly in a distant village without any connection with the rest of the world. Ilyusha grew up on fairy tales and legends that his nanny told him. Developing daydreaming, the fairy tale tied Ilyusha more to the house, causing inactivity.

In Oblomov's dream, the hero's childhood and upbringing are described. All this helps to know the character of Oblomov. The life of the Oblomovs is passivity and apathy. Childhood is his ideal. There in Oblomovka, Ilyusha felt warm, reliable and very protected. This ideal doomed him to an aimless further existence.

The key to the character of Ilya Ilyich in his childhood, from where direct threads stretch to the adult hero. The character of the hero is an objective result of the conditions of birth and upbringing.