Famous artists in Crimea. Landscapes of Crimea in paintings by famous artists Paintings about Crimea by famous artists

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Great artists of Crimea The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Hovhannes (Ivan) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born into the family of merchant Konstantin (Gevorg) and Hripsime Aivazovsky. On July 17 (29), 1817, the priest of the Armenian church in the city of Feodosia recorded that “Hovhannes, son of Gevorg Ayvazyan” was born to Konstantin (Gevorg) Aivazovsky and his wife Hripsime. Aivazovsky’s ancestors were from Galician Armenians who moved to Galicia from Turkish Armenia in the 18th century. Hovhannes was destined to become the most outstanding, world-famous marine painter, battle painter, collector, philanthropist - Ivan Aivazovsky. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Ivan Aivazovsky discovered artistic and musical abilities; in particular, he taught himself to play the violin. The Feodosia architect - Kokh Yakov Khristianovich, who was the first to pay attention to the boy’s artistic abilities, gave him his first lessons in craftsmanship. After graduating from the Feodosia district school, he was, with the help of the mayor, who at that time was already an admirer of the talent of the future artist, enrolled in the Simferopol gymnasium. Brig "Mercury" after the victory over two Turkish ships, 1848 CHILDHOOD The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Then he was admitted on public account to the Imperial Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg. The first art teacher young Ivan Aivazovsky was a German colonist artist Johann Ludwig Gross, from whose light hand the young Ivan Konstantinovich received recommendations to the Academy of Arts. Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg on August 28, 1833. In 1835, for the landscapes “View of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg” and “Study of air over the sea” he received a silver medal and was assigned as an assistant to the fashionable French landscape painter Philippe Tanner. In September 1837, Aivazovsky received the Great gold medal for the painting "Calm". This gave him the right to a two-year trip to Crimea and Europe. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844) Lunar landscape with a shipwreck, 1863 In the spring of 1838, the artist went to Crimea, where he spent two summers. He not only painted seascapes, but also engaged in battle painting and even participated in military operations on the coast of Circassia, where, watching from the shore the landing in the Shahe River valley, he made sketches for the painting “Detachment landing in the Subashi Valley" (as the Circassians then called this place), written later at the invitation of the head of the Caucasian coastal line, General Raevsky. The painting was purchased by Nicholas I. At the end of the summer of 1839 he returned to St. Petersburg, where on September 23 he received a certificate of completion of the Academy, his first rank and personal nobility. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844) In July 1840, Aivazovsky and his friend in the Academy’s landscape class Vasily Sternberg went to Rome. Along the way they stopped in Venice and Florence. In Venice, Ivan Konstantinovich met Gogol, and also visited the island of St. Lazarus, where he met his brother Gabriel. Artist for a long time worked in southern Italy, in particular in Sorrento, and developed a way of working that consisted of working for outdoors only for short periods of time, and in the workshop he restored the landscape, leaving wide scope for improvisation. The painting "Chaos" was purchased by Pope Gregory XVI, who also awarded Aivazovsky a gold medal. In general, Aivazovsky’s work in Italy was a success. For his paintings he received a gold medal from the Paris Academy of Arts. The ship "Empress Maria" during a storm, 1892 Presentation by Bogacheva S.S.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844) At the beginning of 1842, Aivazovsky went to Holland through Switzerland and the Rhine Valley, from there he sailed to England, and later visited Paris, Portugal and Spain. In the Bay of Biscay, the ship on which the artist was sailing was caught in a storm and almost sank, so that reports of his death appeared in Parisian newspapers. The journey as a whole lasted four years. In the autumn of 1844 he returned to Russia. Pushkin's farewell to the sea. The painting was performed by I.K. Aivazovsky together with I.E. Repin, 1877. The presentation was made by S.S. Bogacheva.

In 1844 he became a painter at the Main Naval Staff (without monetary benefits), and from 1847 - a professor at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts; He also belonged to European academies: Rome, Paris, Florence, Amsterdam and Stuttgart. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky painted mainly seascapes; created a series of portraits of Crimean coastal cities. His career was very successful. He was awarded many orders and received the rank of rear admiral. In total, the artist painted more than 6 thousand works. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

From 1845 he lived in Feodosia, where with the money he earned he opened an art school, which later became one of the art centers of Novorossiya, and a gallery (1880), became the founder of the Cimmerian school of painting, and was the initiator of the construction of the Feodosia - Dzhankoy railway, built in 1892. He was actively involved in the affairs of the city, its improvement, and contributed to its prosperity. He was interested in archeology, dealt with issues of protecting Crimean monuments, took part in the study of more than 80 mounds (some of the items found are stored in the Hermitage storeroom). The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Last days of life The artist died on May 2, 1900 in Feodosia, at the age of eighty-two. On the morning of April 19 (May 2), 1900, Aivazovsky decided to fulfill his long-standing desire - to once again show one of the episodes of the liberation struggle of the Greek rebels with the Turks. For the plot, the painter chose real fact- the heroic feat of the fearless Greek Constantine Canaris, who blew up a Turkish admiral's ship off the island of Chios. During the day the artist almost finished his work. Deep at night, while sleeping, sudden death Aivazovsky's life was cut short. The unfinished painting “The Explosion of the Ship” remained on the easel in the studio of the artist, whose house in Feodosia was turned into a museum. Many of his contemporaries gave high praise to the artist’s work, and the artist I.N. Kramskoy wrote: “...Aivazovsky, no matter what anyone says, is a star of the first magnitude, in any case, and not only here, but in the history of art in general...” In 1903, the artist’s widow installed a marble tombstone in the shape of a sarcophagus from a single block of white marble, the author of which is the Italian sculptor L. Biojoli. The words of the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi are written in ancient Armenian: “Born mortal, he left behind an immortal memory.” The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Gallery Aivazovsky's House, later an art gallery, was designed personally by Aivazovsky in 1845, and in 1880 the artist opened his own showroom. Ivan Konstantinovich exhibited his paintings there, which were supposed to leave Feodosia. This year is officially considered the year the gallery was created. According to his will, the art gallery was donated to Feodosia. In the Feodosia Art Gallery he founded, which now bears his name, the artist’s work is most fully represented. The archive of Aivazovsky's documents is stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, State public library them. M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (St. Petersburg), State Tretyakov Gallery, Theater Museum. A. A. Bakhrushina. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

What reminds you of Ivan Aivazovsky in Simferopol? Near Sovetskaya Square, in the park named after Dybenko P.E., there is a monument to the Aivazovsky brothers: Gabriel and Ivan. The authors of this monument in the capital of Crimea are the architect - V. Kravchenko and sculptors - L. Tokmadzhyan and his sons. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Nikolai Semenovich Samokish was born on October 13 (25), 1860 in Nizhyn (now Chernigov region of Ukraine). He graduated from the 4th grade of the Nizhyn Historical and Philological Institute, created on the basis of the “Gymnasium of Higher Sciences and Lyceum of Prince Bezborodko,” the famous educational institution where N.V. Gogol studied. Initial artistic skills received at the Nizhyn gymnasium from the drawing teacher R.K. Muzychenko-Tsybulsky, from whom he also took private painting lessons. The first attempt to enter the Imperial Academy of Arts failed, but he was admitted as a volunteer to the battle workshop of Professor B. P. Villevalde (1878). After a year of classes, he was accepted as a student. He studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1879 - 1885), class of B. P. Villevalde, other famous teachers - P. P. Chistyakov and V. I. Jacobi. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

He quickly began to achieve success. Already in 1881 he received a small gold medal for the painting “Return of the Troops to the People.” In 1882 he published the first album of etchings made under the direction of L. E. Dmitriev-Kavkazsky. The following year, 1883, he received the S. G. Stroganov Prize for the painting “Landowners at the Fair.” In 1884, he was awarded a second small gold medal for the painting “Episode from the Battle of Maly Yaroslavets”, and the painting “Walk” was purchased by P. M. Tretyakov for his gallery. In 1885, for his diploma work “Russian cavalry returns after attacking the enemy near Austerlitz in 1805” he received a large gold medal and the title cool artist 1st degree. From 1885 to 1888 he improved in Paris under the guidance of the famous battle painter Edouard Detaille. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

In 1889 he married Elena Petrovna Sudkovskaya (nee Benard). Elena Petrovna Samokish-Sudkovskaya (1863 - 1924) - famous book illustrator, student of V.P. Vereshchagin. She illustrated a lot by A. S. Pushkin. Her illustrations for Ershov’s fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse” are very famous. In 1896, for her drawings for the Coronation Collection, she received the Highest Award and a medal on a blue ribbon. The couple worked together at times, and they both participated in the preparation of an illustrated edition of Gogol’s “Dead Souls” (A. F. Marx’s printing house, 1901). In one of the halls of the Vitebsk station (original name - Tsarskoye Selo), built in 1901-1904, the walls are decorated with panels by N. S. Samokish and E. P. Samokish-Sudkovskaya, dedicated to the history of the Tsarskoe Selo railway. d. Elena Petrovna died in exile, in Paris. N. S. Samokish, “A Herd of Oryol Trotter Queens” (1890). In 1890, for his work “A Herd of Oryol Trotter Queens” (Novo-Tomnikovsky Stud Farm, Tambov Province), he was awarded the title of academician. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

TEACHER He taught all his life from 1894, when he was invited to the Drawing School, where he taught drawing and painting for 23 years. Russian illustrators are still studying according to N. S. Samokish’s textbook “Pen Drawing”. Full member of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1913), where he taught since 1912, professor, head of the battle class in 1913-1918. He taught at the Academy of Arts until 1918, when the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR abolished the old Academy and created State Free Art Workshops on its basis. He also taught these courses before his departure. N. S. Samokish, “Sokolnik”. Illustration for the book by N. I. Kutepov “Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus'”, vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1896). The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

In the 1920s - 1930s he worked in Crimea. In 1918-1921 he lived in Yevpatoria (where he created more than 30 paintings), and from 1922 - in Simferopol. Created his own art studio in Simferopol (Samokish studio), which became the main regional center art education. Collected and supported talented youth. Among his Simferopol students are People's Artist of Ukraine Yakov Aleksandrovich Basov (studied with Samokish from 1922 to 1931), Amet Ustaev, Maria Vikentyevna Novikova, Mark Domashchenko and many others. Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of Crimea No. 192 of June 28, 1937 “On the reorganization of the studio named after. Academician N. S. Samokish at the State Secondary Art School named after. Honored Artist Academician N. S. Samokish”, the Crimean Art School was organized on the basis of Samokish’s studio. During the German occupation of Crimea (1941 - 1944) he remained in Simferopol. The artist died in Simferopol on January 18, 1944. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

In 1960, one of the streets of Simferopol was also named after Samokish. At house number 32 on this street there is a memorial plaque that reads: “Academician lived in this house in 1922-1944 battle painting N. S. Samokish" How is the memory of the artist N. S. Samokish perpetuated? The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Watching films 1. Nikolai Samokish. From the series “Crimean! Be proud of the past" 2. Ivan Aivazovsky. From the series “The Life of Remarkable People” The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Beautiful Crimean landscapes have always attracted the attention of painters. The endless sky, majestic rocks, silvery sea waves seemed to be created so that artists could revive them on their canvases

The most famous paintings, dedicated to Crimea, date back to the 19th and 20th centuries. Then in your creativity beauty and original character This corner of Russia has been sung by a whole galaxy of great masters. The main one, of course, was I.K. Aivazovsky, whose life was inextricably linked with Feodosia.

The Crimean Sea occupies a central place in the artist’s work. In the paintings of the famous artist I.K. Aivazovsky, it is either peaceful and calm (“Evening in the Crimea. Yalta”, “Sunrise in Feodosia”, “Gurzuf”, “Sunset on the Crimean Shores”), or rebellious and menacing (“The Sea. Koktebel”, “Old Feodosia” , “The Ninth Wave”, “Storm at Sea at Night”, “Fleeing from a Shipwreck”, “Storm at Cape Aya”). More than half of the canvases are dedicated to the raging elements and almost always to a persistent person fighting against it.

In the paintings created in Crimea by A.I. Kuindzhi, the air takes on “color”: the master’s creations are so picturesque. The artist especially loved Cape Kekeneiz and Uzun-Tash - his main works were written here. In them, form and color are harmoniously interconnected and inseparable from lines and colors, which opens up a completely new look at Crimean landscapes. "Sea shore. Crimea”, “Cypress trees on the seashore. Crimea”, “Boat at sea. Crimea", "Dali. Crimea” - on all canvases the region appears fresh, light, airy, enchanting.

Crimea appears absolutely special in the paintings of Georgy Leman. The romantic and serene state of nature, airy and delicate colors, a bright and lyrical mood - the artist’s canvases are full of harmony, they breathe peace and quiet. This is a light, almost weightless Crimea, which is permeated with soft light and seems to float between the sky and the sea.

Georgy Leman "Sunny Gurzuf" 1991
oil, canvas

A hazy sky, mountains and rocks, an azure sea, green trees - the day turned out to be sunny and clear. Gurzuf is gradually coming to life: the inhabitants are nowhere to be seen, but a light and nimble boat is already rushing across the surface of the sea.
The artist was able to convey the feeling of presence. The smell of the sea and the gentle breeze, the warmth of the sun's rays become real, as if the viewer is on the shore and at any moment can step into the leisurely waves.
The landscape is harmonious and self-sufficient. It has no sharp corners, cutting eyes lines or flashy colors. The sea, mountains and sky flow into each other, forming a single whole and completely capturing the viewer’s attention. You can admire the canvas for a long time: it calms and evokes thoughts of a serene holiday, cloudless summer days and picturesque corners of nature. Soft blues, pinks and greens create an atmosphere of peace and tranquility.

I.I. came to the peninsula several times. Levitan. The result of these trips was a series of sketches, which, in the artist’s characteristic style, conveys the originality of unique local landscapes. To Crimea I.I. Levitan literally fell in love, never tired of walking the streets of Yalta, climbing mountains and writing, writing, writing. This is how his famous paintings “In the Crimean Mountains”, “Crimean Landscape”, “By the Seashore” were born. Crimea”, “Street in Yalta” and others.

Crimea also captivated another famous painter, K.A., with its bright colors and festive atmosphere. Korovina. In Gurzuf at the beginning of the 20th century, his dacha-workshop was built, which later became the House of Creativity. Inspired, the artist transferred the surrounding splendor of nature onto his canvases: streams of air and light, blooming greenery, sun-drenched mountains. Rich colors, light and precise strokes captured the Crimea in such paintings as “Crimea. Gurzuf", "Yalta at night", "Pier in Gurzuf", "Balcony in Crimea".

Other Russian artists also dedicated their works to Crimea: K.F. Bogaevsky, M.A. Voloshin, F.A. Vasiliev, A.V. Kuprin, M.P. Latry, V.V. Vereshchagin, A.M. Vasnetsov. Each of them found unique beauty in the local landscapes, which they want to admire and admire again and again.

Georgy Leman "Rough day in Gurzuf" 1991
oil, canvas

In 1991, the artist painted another painting dedicated to Crimea - “A Rainy Day in Gurzuf”. It is entirely made in gray-blue and blue tones and gives a light, airy impression.

During bad weather, Gurzuf is especially beautiful and majestic. The darkening sky hanging over the waves and the unruly, raging sea at the horizon become almost inseparable. Composition center The painting is a formidable mountain: motionless and unaffected by the storm.

Nothing distracts the viewer’s attention from the laconic and austere landscape. It is devoid of images of objects, human figures and animals. All that remains are the eternal sky, sea and mountains, beautiful in the wildness of the natural elements.

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Crimea, by its nature and beauty, has always attracted people of art. These were artists and poets, directors, actors, musicians. Everyone went to Crimea for vacation and for inspiration. The landscapes of the peninsula delighted them all. Today's post is about artists whose paintings are in one way or another connected with this amazing place.
The art of the peninsula was formed under the influence of many cultures, but at the same time autonomous and a little closed. Scythians, Taurians, Cimmerians, Genoese, Tatars, Armenians, Slavs - all the peoples who inhabited Crimea brought with them the best and wove it into the common tapestry of decorative and applied arts, architecture, and later fine art.

An artistic fever swept Crimea at the end of the 19th century and continued into the 20th. Most of the teachers of the Imperial Academy of Arts and the Moscow Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture worked in Crimea. The museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg, and later in the Crimean museums, collected sketches, still lifes, landscape and staffage paintings, ethnographic drawings of the best representatives of Russian fine art: F. Vasiliev, I. Krachkovsky, A. Meshchersky, A. Bogolyubov, I. Levitan , A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin, K. Korovin, V. Serov, V. Surikov, V. Polenov, P. Konchalovsky and others.

After the events civil war Crimea is even more so turning into an “ivory tower” for artists, poets, and philosophers. In Koktebel, Yalta, Sudak, Feodosia and Yevpatoria, many of those who seek salvation from the “waves of wars and revolutions” (M. Voloshin) find shelter. First of all, this is Maximilian Voloshin himself, and with him Ostroumova, Kuzmin, ..... Annenkov,. K. Bogaevsky, N. Samokish, N. Barsamov, V. Yanovsky, E. Nagaevskaya, Kuprin linked their fate with Crimea. I. Grabar, I. Chekmazov, V. Favorskaya, Falk come to work - it’s impossible to list them all. And everyone creative people Crimea provided shelter, shelter, inspiration.

Crimea is an amazing natural and cultural phenomenon that influences events and human destinies strong direct impact. Goethe calls this the “Genius of the Place”; our contemporaries talk about the energy of Crimea and its special cultural and information field. Regardless of definitions, the fact that Crimea remains the main actor historical and cultural events, and their creators and creators simply receive the right to perform on this stage.

So is modern Crimean painting - it is allowed to perpetuate the beauty of this natural phenomenon. As the Crimeans say: “We have one life and we must live it in Crimea!” Apparently, agreeing with them, the best painters and graphic artists from all cities have been coming here for more than 60 years Soviet Union, and now Russia and Ukraine. Each of them strives to capture the Crimean landscapes, sea, flowers and fruits, to create their own anthem Divine Beauty!
E.O. Samoilova

Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov. (1748-1823)
IN late XVIII century, the Russian artist Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov was the first to pave the way to Old Crimea. In January 1780, he, then already an academician of painting, was sent to the governor of the southern provinces of Russia, Prince Potemkin, to depict “cities and sights of the newly annexed lands,” as well as those areas for which Russia was still fighting. Ivanov was enlisted in Potemkin's headquarters and even received the rank of prime minister. In 1783, Ivanov painted views of the Old Crimea. Ten watercolors by this artist, dedicated to the Old Crimea and its environs, are now kept in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.

The albums of Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov represent a rare example of a diverse graphic heritage that included many years of work by the Russian artist of the 18th century. They help to understand it creative ideas and trace the stages of work on creating pictorial easel watercolors.

Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski.(1817-1900).
Particular attention should be paid to the marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky.
As a boy, Ivan Aivazovsky fell in love with the sea expanses of the Crimean coast. His wild, romantic imagination depicted night storms, endless expanses of water and the struggle of people with the raging elements. These vivid images were reflected in the work of his entire life. Aivazovsky became the only artist Russian school, who devoted all their extraordinary talent to marine painting. During his long life, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky created about 6 thousand works, fame and recognition came to him in his youth, his name thundered throughout the world and entered the history of world painting. The sea in his paintings is photographically realistic, but he did not paint it from life. It is impossible to stop the movement of a wave in order to capture it with a brush. To do this, you need to feel the sea, understand and predict the movements of its waters, and he knew how to do this. Aivazovsky was taught by the sea itself, as a child, in his native Crimea.

Everyone knows Aivazovsky as a marine painter, but he also has paintings on historical subjects, genre scenes, and themes ancient mythology, views of cities, religious and allegorical paintings, as well as portraits. Here are just a few of them: “The Arrival of Catherine II in Feodosia”, “Meeting of Venus on Olympus”, “Jewish Crossing the Black Sea”, “Gypsy Camp”, “Sunset in the Steppe”, “In the Caucasus Mountains”, “Walking on the Waters” ", "Wedding in Ukraine".

The results of the Crimean trip were more than successful and culminated in a long-awaited and well-deserved business trip to Italy, to Rome - this Mecca artistic life all over Europe. I worked there and large group Russian painters, sculptors, architects, writers (both independent and retired, like Aivazovsky): Bryullov, Kiprensky, S. Shchedrin, A. Ivanov, Jordan, Gogol and many others. Aivazovsky works very hard and soon becomes one of the most famous and fashionable artists in Rome. Orders are literally pouring in on him, all the newspapers write enthusiastically about him: “... no one writes about water and sea views here like that.” Many artists, much older than him, began to imitate his style of painting, and after him, every shop already boasted views of the sea “a la Aivazovsky.” Rome, Naples, Venice, Amsterdam, London and even self-satisfied Paris admired his paintings, in which sunlight or moonlight was so vividly conveyed that people not experienced in painting even suspected the artist of “magic” (aren’t you a picture of a lamp or a candle?). Myself great marine painter Turner, completely captivated by Aivazovsky’s art, dedicated poetry to the young artist From Russia.
Yes, it’s not for nothing that his living skill best paintings no one has surpassed it to this day!

In his own workshop, Ivan Konstantinovich worked tirelessly with young artists: years of work went into creating a special school of Crimean landscape. There future famous artists got involved in painting: Lagorio, Fessler, Kuindzhi, Magdesiyan, Latri, Voloshin, Bogaevsky. And today in the Feodosia Art Gallery you will be greeted by the works of the greatest artist - the morenaist.

Carlo Bossoli.(1815-1884)
Is it any wonder that romantic Taurida turned out to be so attractive to artists who brought to us visual images that were consonant with, and sometimes even more vivid than literary descriptions. A worthy place in the brilliant galaxy of illustrious names is occupied by the Italian Carlo Bossoli (1815-1884). His work, permeated with light and the festive atmosphere of the South, allows you to see Crimea through the eyes of the artist’s famous contemporaries, to feel like a pioneer of the legendary land of Taurida
.

A talented draftsman, tireless traveler, author of amazing travel sketches, one of the founders of the tradition of “fine journalism,” Carlo Bossoli will experience great fame during his lifetime. His human and creative destiny was largely determined thanks to the active participation of M.S. Vorontsov, as well as the artist’s life in Odessa and Crimea. These are a kind of stages in the formation of a master. Consistently connected with each other, they formed the artist’s circle of interests, anticipated his creative aspirations and therefore deserve attention.

Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich. (1871-1943)
Another famous Feodosia artist K. F. Bogaevsky for almost three years, in 1925-1927, fulfilled the order of the Crimean Committee for the Protection of Monuments of Art - he created a large series of watercolors and drawings depicting Old Crimea and its historical monuments.

Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich (1871-1943) - painter and graphic artist, known as the master " fantastic landscape" He was born and lived almost his entire life in Feodosia. He flatly refused to study with Aivazovsky, because... he was attracted not by sea views, but by the history of ancient Cimmeria. In 1891 he entered the Academy of Arts and studied in the workshop of landscape painter Arkhip Kuindzhi, whom he also did not imitate. An interesting fact: Bogaevsky was not given any drawings by sitters during his classes. Kuindzhi freed the student from these classes, during which he played the guitar.

After graduating from the academy, Bogaevsky visited Italy, France, Germany, Austria, but became convinced that he could only create in Crimea. Returning to Feodosia, he soon became friends with his like-minded person M. Voloshin. His original landscapes enjoyed constant success, and philanthropist N.P. Ryabushinsky even rebuilt the hall for decorative panels Bogaevsky. IN Soviet time he takes an active part in the creation of the I.K. Aivazovsky Museum, then the Museum of Antiquities. For this museum, Bogaevsky sketched the historical monuments of Bakhchisarai, Sudak, Alupka, Old Crimea, and Feodosia. In 1923, he released an album of autolithographs, Landscapes of Cimmeria. Bogaevsky died on the street of Feodosia in 1943 during the bombing of the city during the war.

Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich.(1877 - 1932)
Bogaevsky’s partner on this creative old Crimean business trip was Maximilian Voloshin, whose multifaceted work deserves admiration as an artist, poet, translator, literary critic, philosopher, public figure. Their long-term creative collaboration made it possible to discover for many the harsh, sometimes fantastic, beauty of the southeastern Crimea, including Old Crimea. It is not for nothing that they are both called the singers of Cimmeria.

Voloshin ( real name- Kirienko-Voloshin) Maximilian Aleksandrovich (1877 - 1932), poet, critic, essayist, artist.
Born on May 16 (28 NS) in Kyiv.
He begins to study at the Moscow gymnasium, and finishes the gymnasium course in Feodosia. In 1890 he began to write poetry, translated by G. Heine.
In 1897 he entered the Faculty of Law at Moscow University, but three years later he was expelled for participating in student unrest. Decides to devote himself entirely to literature and art.
In 1924, with the approval of the People's Commissariat of Education, Voloshin converted his house in Koktebel into a free house of creativity (later the House of Creativity of the USSR Literary Fund). A certain Belyatskaya L.Yu., who was rumored to be his favorite, was appointed caretaker.

In 1927, an exhibition of Voloshin landscapes was held, organized by State Academy artistic sciences(with printed catalogue) which became last exit Voloshin on the public stage.
He works a lot as an artist, participating in exhibitions in Feodosia, Odessa, Kharkov, Moscow, Leningrad. Voloshin turned his house in Koktebel into a free shelter for writers and artists, with the help of his second wife M. Zabolotskaya.

The house-museum of Maximilian Voloshin is the only one in the world that survived the wars and preserved the mystery and charm of the era Silver Age. Thanks to Voloshin, Koktebel turned into a place where almost the entire world of the Russian intelligentsia of the early twentieth century visited. The owner was very hospitable and arranged a free holiday home for writers, artists and scientists in the house. The time filled with impressions of Cimmerian nature, serious scientific and cultural discussions, humorous jokes and communication with M. Voloshin inspired the guests.
Crimea was also visited and depicted in their paintings by artists K. Petrov-Vodkin, P. Konchalovsky, R. Falk, A. Benois and many others.

Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov. (1782-1856)
The era of Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov is truly history in a memorial space. As contemporaries asserted, “that brilliant page of the South of Russia begins with him, of which our Fatherland can be proud.” The era of Prince Vorontsov, who in 1823 assumed the office of Governor-General of Novorossiya, plenipotentiary governor of the emperor in Bessarabia (and since 1844 in the Caucasus), marks the true economic and spiritual development of these lands. A politician, administrator, talented entrepreneur, public figure with broad liberal views, he was one of the most cultured people of its time. By combining romanticism with a sober and even utilitarian view of things, which is a purely generic trait of the Vorontsovs, he managed to reach heights in society and at court, accumulate significant land capital and, at the same time, become famous as a generous patron of science and culture.

During the reign of M.S. Vorontsov, the entire Novorossiysk region, Crimea, partly Bessarabia and the inaccessible Caucasus were explored, described, and illustrated much more accurately and in more detail than many parts of Russia. M.S. Vorontsov personally assisted the expeditions, sought funds, provided scientists with his libraries and even the family archive. As a result, valuable publications about the nature, history, economics, and geography of the region appeared. IN different time with the “unfailing assistance of an enlightened ruler,” academicians P. Keppen, C. Montandon, T. Vanzetti, archaeologist N. Murzakevich, historian and linguist A. Firkovich, artists G. Chernetsov, C. Bossoli traveled through the Crimea and the Caucasus...

Kuprin Alexander Vasilievich.(1880-1960)
Born in Borisoglebsk (Voronezh province) on March 10 (22), 1880 in the family of a district school teacher.

He studied at the Voronezh evening drawing classes at the Society of Painting Lovers (1899-1901) with L. G. Solovyov and M. I. Ponomarev.
He visited the studios of L.E. Dmitriev-Kavkazsky (1902–1910) in St. Petersburg and K.F. Yuon (1904–1906) in Moscow, then studied at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1906–1910).
In 1913–1914 he visited Italy and France.

He was a member of the associations “Jack of Diamonds” (since 1910), “Moscow Painters” and “Society of Moscow Artists”.
In an imaginary group portrait of members of the “Jack of Diamonds” society (1910), the place of A.V. Kuprin would be in the second row, next to V.V. Rozhdestvensky and R.R. Falk.
The theme of the Crimean peninsula is deeply embedded in the work of Alexander Vasilyevich Kuprin (1880-1960). The artist visited many cities of coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisarai, mountains, and historical monuments. His first work is considered to be “Deer Mountain”.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov.(1848-1916).
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov was born on January 12, 1848 in Krasnoyarsk. School teacher N.V. Grebnev gave him his first painting lessons. Already in 1862, the aspiring artist created his first work - “Rafts on the Yenisei”. To receive a full-fledged art education, Surikov leaves for St. Petersburg. There in 1869 he entered the Academy of Arts. The education of the talented young man is paid for by a patron of the arts who is interested in his work.
Already at this time, the artist’s special love for composition was evident; Surikov worked mainly on subjects from ancient history(“The Feast of Belshazzar”, “The Apostle Paul”) After graduating from the Academy, Surikov moved to Moscow.
The blessed Crimea became for Vasily Ivanovich a divine discovery, unquenchable delight and... a “swan song”. He captured it with the colors of joy and left it to his descendants. He discovered the ancient land of Taurida in 1907. And he found himself captivated by the free, vast sea, its deep, noisy voice, and the gray mountains with mysterious peaks. But the ancient settlements and people of those places did not pass by the artist’s keen eye. Yes, and in those gentle lands he was not a swollen idle holidaymaker, but a worker of brush and easel. A man of Siberian blood and irrepressible nature could not do otherwise.

Fate gave Vasily Ivanovich the Crimea four times (1907, 1908, 1913, 1915). The trips lasted for months. We learn about the first from the story of Natalya Konchalovskaya’s granddaughter: “Crimea seemed dazzling to Surikov, he enjoyed swimming, the sun, long walks in the mountains and painted many watercolors in Gurzuf and Simeiz.”
Today we know “Surf”, “Simeiz”, “Crimean Landscape”, “Gurzuf”, “Ai-Petri from Simeiz”, “Sea” and two portraits of E. N. Sabashnikova, the owner of the Simeiz boarding house “Panea”.

The artist was fascinated by the southern coast of Crimea, and according to him watercolor works we observe the geography of his routes. In addition to Siemens, Foros, Alupka there was Yalta and, of course, Gurzuf, which Alexander Green called “Envy of the Gods”.
Surikov’s canvases are destined for eternal life. Little is known about the Crimean period of the artist’s life. His paintings will tell the unsaid.

Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin. (1861-1939).
Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin was born on November 23, 1861 ( old style) in a wealthy merchant family. At the age of fourteen he entered the architectural department of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where his older brother Sergei, later a famous realist artist, was already studying painting. By this time their family was broke. “I was in great need,” recalled Konstantin Korovin about his years of study, “for fifteen years I had been giving drawing lessons and earning my bread.”
After two years of study, having presented the landscapes painted during the holidays, Korovin moved to the painting department. His teacher was Savrasov, who devoted great attention sketches from life and taught his students to see the beauty of Russian nature.

Konstantin Korovin loved Crimea, and in Crimea most of all Gurzuf, where he built in one of the rare periods for him financial well-being dacha according to my own design.
A student of Savrasov and Polenov, a “virtuoso decorator,” as Diaghilev called him, and an artist at the Imperial Theaters, who created stunning sets for famous ballet and opera productions, a connoisseur of northern nature, over time Korovin turns color into the main means of expression. Korovin finds harmony of beauty in the colors of France, Spain and Crimea, which captivated the artist. He captivated him so much that Korovin built a dacha in Gurzuf, which turned into a workshop. From 1914 to 1917 Korovin lived at his dacha permanently. His guests here were Chaliapin, Gorky, Surikov, Repin, Kuprin. In his memories of the dacha, the artist especially highlights roses and the sea, the blue Black Sea.

Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov. (1844-1927).
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov was born in 1844 on June 1 into a noble large family of nobles who lived in the capital in St. Petersburg. This is a Russian artist, master of historical, landscape and genre painting, teacher.
In 1882, Polenov headed the landscape and still life classes at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. The students doted on him. “His paintings,” recalled A. Golovin, “delighted us with their colorfulness, the abundance of sun and air in them. It was a real revelation." Polenov devoted twelve years of his life to educating young artists. Among his students who later became famous, we note K. Korovin (Polenov treated him most tenderly), I. Levitan, M. Nesterov, A. Golovin, I. Ostroukhov, A. Arkhipov, S. Malyutin.

In September 1887, V.D. Polenov wrote to his wife from Yalta: “The more I walk around the outskirts of Yalta, the more I appreciate Levitan’s sketches. Neither Aivazovsky, nor Lagorio, nor Shishkin, nor Myasoedov gave such truthful and characteristic images of Crimea as Levitan.”
V.D. Polenov was called the “Knight of Beauty.” contemporaries. This definition perfectly expresses the essence and purpose of his aspirations, all his activities, which left a noticeable mark on history. Russian art at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The works of V. D. Polenov are stored in all major museums in Russia; The Moscow Tretyakov Gallery and the St. Petersburg Russian Museum, proud of several dozen works by the artist, look most preferable against this background (as one would expect).

Isaac Ilyich Levitan. (1860-1900)
Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born on August 30, 1860 in the small Lithuanian town of Kibarty, Kovno province.
His father was a small clerk, his family was large and did not live richly. The future artist’s childhood was so difficult that he subsequently tried never to remember it. At the age of twelve, Levitan entered the Moscow school painting, sculpture and architecture. From the first years of study, the young man attracted the attention of the school teachers, among whom were famous Russian artists Savrasov and Polenov, with his exceptional talent.
In 1879, Levitan was expelled from Moscow: according to a new decree, Jews were prohibited from living in the capital. For some time he and his relatives lived in a dacha in Saltykovka. At the same time, the artist continues to work hard and travel to Moscow every day. Soon P.M. draws attention to the young talent. Tretyakov. He purchases the painting “Autumn Day. Sokolniki".

The poor artist's first trip to the south was made possible thanks to the fee received for creating theatrical scenery. In the spring of 1886, Levitan went to Crimea to rest and improve his precarious health: he had a weak heart. He visited Yalta, Massandra, Alupka, Simeiz, Bakhchisarai. The sultry Crimean nature amazed Levitan, he enthusiastically wrote to his friend Anton Chekhov from Yalta: “It’s so good here! Imagine now bright greenery, blue sky, and what a sky! Last night I climbed a rock and looked out over the sea from the top, and you know what, I cried, and cried my heart out; This is where eternal beauty is and this is where a person feels his utter insignificance! What do the words mean? You have to see it for yourself to understand!”

With his work, the artist had a huge influence not only on Russian, but also European art of the 20th century. Having practically become the founder of the mood landscape genre, the master enriched Russian culture, and his spiritual authority played a huge role in the fate of Russian landscape painting.

Vasnetsov Apollinariy Mikhailovich. (1856 - 1933)
Apollinary Mikhailovich Vasnetsov - landscape painter, theater artist.
Born in the village of Ryabovo, Vyatka province, in the family of a priest. He studied painting with V.M. Vasnetsov, his older brother.
Younger brother the famous Viktor Vasnetsov, much less famous, Apollinarius Vasnetsov was by no means his timid shadow, but had a completely original talent. He did not receive a systematic art education. His school was direct communication and joint work with major Russian artists: his brother, I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov and others. Young artist I am primarily interested in the landscape. His early works (1880s) are not free from the influences of his older contemporaries.

In the 1870s, imitating the populists, he became a rural teacher. From 1880 to 1887 he lived in St. Petersburg, worked in the magazines “Picturesque Review”, “World Illustration”, was a member of the “Association of Peredvizhniki” and one of the organizers of the “Union of Russian Artists” (1903). Vasnetsov traveled a lot; an important place in his art is occupied by landscapes of the Urals and Siberia, made in the style of northern modernism (“Taiga in the Urals. Blue Mountain”, 1891; “Kama”, 1895). At the beginning of 1900 he was already a famous artist.

In 1885-1886, Apollinarius Mikhailovich undertook a trip around Russia. He visited Ukraine and Crimea. The artist attached great importance to his trips. In his autobiography we read: “I was raised as a landscape artist by my travels and journeys in my homeland and abroad.”

Vasnetsov’s family keeps “a map of Russia, on which about a hundred points were marked by the artist himself in red pencil - the Urals, Siberia, Crimea, the Caucasus, Ukraine, the coast of the Gulf of Finland, etc., where he wrote sketches and painted.
In the 1890s and 1924, Vasnetsov visited Crimea, where he wrote several interesting works.

From 1901 to 1918, A.M. Vasnetsov taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and led the landscape painting class after the death of I.I. Levitan.
Important place his art featured motifs of the virgin nature of the Urals and Siberia, images of ancient mountains, gloomy forests and deep rivers - epic images, adjacent to the art of northern modernism ("Taiga in the Urals. Blue Mountain", 1891; "Kama", 1895; "Northern Region. Siberian River", 1899).
He went down in history primarily for his historical and architectural paintings.

Serov Valentin Alexandrovich. (1865-1911)
Born into the family of a composer and pianist. Portraitist. Studied with I.E. Repin, then entered the Academy of Arts. Visited Germany, Holland, Italy, where he studied European painting. He was a member of the Association of Peredvizhniki, but after its split he joined the World of Art association. Council Member Tretyakov Gallery. He taught at MUZHVZ.

In 1880, Ilya Repin undertook a trip to Crimea in order to collect material for the monumental canvas “Cossacks”. The aspiring artist Valentin Serov also went on a trip with the master. The paintings, studies, and sketches of the sixteen-year-old youth were not yet fully formed, but already here he shows himself to be a mature and gifted draftsman.
The year 1887 glorified Serov. He painted the famous “Girl with Peaches” (portrait of young Vera Savvishna Mamontova).
In 1904, Valentin Alexandrovich visited Italy, three years later he went to Greece. Serov's works were recognized as the best at the Rome Exhibition of 1911 and demonstrated to the whole world the skill of a pan-European scale that Serov possessed.

Shadrin Alexander Petrovich.
Shadrin Alexander Petrovich was born on April 19, 1942 in the village of Karaidel, Bashkortostan, Russia.
At the end high school in Krasnoyarsk he studied at the art school named after. V. Surikov, where he received his first serious skills in drawing and painting.
Service in the navy in 1961-1965 brought him to Sevastopol, with which the artist linked his future destiny.
In 1970 he graduated from Orlovsky pedagogical institute Faculty of Art and Graphics, head: People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor A.I. Kurnakov.
He devoted many years to restoration work. subject plan panoramas "Defense of Sevastopol 1854-55", where he worked under the guidance oldest artist V.I.Grandi-Gaditsky, who instilled a love for working from nature, its study in the spirit of the artists of Russian impressionism. Working in the open air with People's Artist of Ukraine P.K. Stolyarenko and Honored Artist of Ukraine A.E. Vigilantly, developed and enriched his artistic palette.
Participant in many regional, republican and international exhibitions. The artist's paintings are stored in seven art museums Ukraine and Russia, as well as in private collections in Germany, USA, England, France, Italy, etc.
Member National Union artists of Ukraine since 1992
Honored Artist of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea since 2003.

Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi.
It is surprising that such a detail is not installed exact date Kuindzhi's birth. The biography begins with hesitation - either 1841 or 1842. It's not important, but it's strange. In the same unusual way, the translation of his surname, which meant goldsmith, will be reflected in all his activities as a painter. Arkhip was orphaned early. He was raised by poor relatives. Studying without diligence, he continuously drew on every scrap of paper that came to hand. ......

Later, Arkhip Kuindzhi served with the Italian grain merchant Amoretti. His position was called “room boy,” that is, servant. The drawing lasted. One of the host’s guests advised Arkhip Kuindzhi to go to Feodosia, to see the famous artist I. Aivazovsky, and even gave him letter of recommendation. In 1855, at the height of the Crimean War, Arkhip Kuindzhi went on foot to Crimea. Aivazovsky was not in Feodosia at that time, so the young artist Adolf Fesler, a student of the marine painter, helped Kuindzhi get a job

Kuindzhi was very fond of the amazing nature of Crimea, and often depicted it in his paintings and sketches.

Chernetsov Nikanor Grigorievich.
Artist Chernetsov Nikanor Grigorievich - academician of landscape painting, born in 1804, died on January 11, 1879, brother of Grigory Grigorievich Chernetsov; I was inferior to him in abilities and prevailed mainly through diligence and perseverance. He was born in the city of Lukha, Kostroma province; The Society for the Encouragement of Artists educated him at its own expense at the Academy of Arts, where he studied in the class of M. Vorobyov. In 1827, he was awarded a silver medal of the 1st dignity for landscape painting; in the same year for the type of gallery in Imperial Hermitage received a second gold medal and the title of XIV class artist.

Traveled around the Caucasus (1829 - 1831) and Crimea (1833 - 1836). The Crimean series of sketches and watercolors by N. Chernetsov is the first in Russian art in terms of number and diversity. From 1837 he worked with his brother on a panorama of the banks of the Volga, combining classical panoramic constructions with documentary accuracy of details. The Chernetsov brothers made a great contribution to the development of Russian landscape, primarily with national themes.

Changed: Nadezda reason: Adding news.

Crimean artists

Features of Crimea

The influence of Crimea on artists

Famous artists of Crimea and themes of their works

Crimea, by its nature and beauty, is
always attracted people to him
art. These were both artists and
poets, directors, actors,
musicians. Everyone went to Crimea on
relaxation and inspiration. Landscapes
the peninsula delighted them all.
Today's post is about artists whose
painting is somehow connected with
this amazing place.
Peninsula art
was formed under the influence
many cultures, but at the same time
autonomous and a little withdrawn.
Scythians, Taurians, Cimmerians,
Genoese, Tatars, Armenians, Slavs -
all the peoples who inhabited Crimea
brought with them the best and
weaved it into the common carpet
arts and crafts,
architecture and later art
fine art