To whom in Rus' to live well is the name. The meaning of the poem "To whom in Rus' it is good to live

THE MEANING OF THE NAME OF THE POEM N.A. NEKRASOVA "WHO WILL LIVE WELL IN Rus'"

The whole poem by Nekrasov is a flaring up, gradually gaining strength, worldly gathering. For Nekrasov, it is important that the peasantry not only thought about the meaning of life, but also set off on a difficult and long journey of truth-seeking.

In the "Prologue" the action is tied. Seven peasants are arguing over "who lives happily, freely in Rus'." The peasants still do not understand that the question of who is happier - a priest, a landowner, a merchant, an official or a tsar - reveals the limitations of their idea of ​​happiness, which comes down to material security. A meeting with a priest makes men think about a lot:

Well, here's the vaunted Popov's life.

Starting with the chapter "Happy", there is a turn in the direction of the search for a happy person. On their own initiative, “lucky ones” from the bottom begin to approach the wanderers. Stories are heard - confessions of courtyard people, clergymen, soldiers, masons, hunters. Of course, these “lucky ones” are such that the wanderers, seeing the empty bucket, exclaim with bitter irony:

Hey, happiness man! Leaky with patches, Hunchbacked with corns, Get the hell out of here!

But at the end of the chapter there is a story about a happy man - Yer-mil Girin. The story about him begins with a description of his lawsuit with the merchant Altynnikov. Ermil is conscientious. Let us recall how he paid off the peasants for the debt collected on the market square:

All day long, Yermil walked with a purse open, inquiring, Whose ruble? didn't find it.

Throughout his life, Yermil refutes the initial ideas of wanderers about the essence of human happiness. It would seem that he has "everything that is necessary for happiness: peace of mind, money, and honor." But at a critical moment in his life, Yermil sacrifices this “happiness” for the sake of the truth of the people and ends up in prison. Gradually, the ideal of an ascetic, a fighter for the people's interests, is born in the minds of the peasants. In the "Landowner" part, the wanderers treat the masters with obvious irony. They understand that noble "honor" is worth a little.

No, you are not noble to us, Give us a peasant word.

Yesterday's "slaves" took up the solution of problems that since ancient times were considered a privilege of the nobility. The nobility saw its historical destiny in caring for the fate of the Fatherland. And then suddenly this only mission from the nobility was intercepted by the peasants, they became citizens of Russia:

The landowner, not without bitterness, Said: "Put on your hats, Sit down, gentlemen!"

In the last part of the poem, a new hero appears: Grisha Dobrosklonov is a Russian intellectual who knows that people's happiness can be achieved only as a result of a nationwide struggle for the "Unwhacked province, Ungutted volost, Izbytkovo village."

The army rises - Innumerable, the Power in it will be indestructible!

The fifth chapter of the last part ends with words expressing the ideological pathos of the whole work: “If only our wanderers were under their own roof, // If they could know what was happening with Grisha.” These lines, as it were, give an answer to the question posed in the title of the poem. A happy person in Rus' is one who firmly knows that one must "live for the happiness of a miserable and dark native corner."

In 1866, the prologue of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" appears in print. This work, published three years after the abolition of serfdom, immediately caused a wave of discussion. Leaving aside the political criticism of the poem, let us focus on the main question: what is the meaning of the poem “Who should live well in Rus'”?

Of course, the reform of 1863 served as part of the impetus for writing the poem to Nekrasov. Russia, which had lived for centuries at the expense of the labor of serfs, reluctantly got used to the new system. Everyone was confused: the landowners,

and the serfs themselves, which Nekrasov skillfully portrays in his poem. The first simply did not know what to do now: accustomed to living exclusively by other people's labor, they were not adapted to an independent life. They sing to the landowner: Work hard, but he “thought to live like this for a century” and is no longer ready to reorganize in a new way. For some, such a reform is literally like death - the author shows this in the chapter “Last Child”. Prince Utyatin, her main character, has to be deceived until his death, claiming that serfdom in Rus' is still in effect.
Otherwise, the prince will have a blow - the shock will be too strong.

The peasants are also confused. Yes, some of them dreamed of freedom, but soon they are convinced that they received the rights only on paper:

“You are good, royal letter,

Yes, you are not written with us ... "

The village of Vahalaki has been suing for years for its lawful meadows on the Volga with the former owners of the land, the landowners, but it is clear that the peasants will not see this land during their lifetime.

There is another type of peasant - those who were taken by surprise by the abolition of serfdom. They are accustomed to pleasing their landowner and treat him as an inevitable and necessary evil for life, moreover, they cannot imagine their life without him. “You have fun! / And I am the Utyatin princes / Kholop - and that’s the whole story!” This is their point of view.

Such is the serf, proud of the fact that all his life he drank and ate after the master. Faithful serf Yakov, who gave his whole life to an absurd master, on the contrary, decides to rebel. But let's see how this rebellion is expressed - in depriving oneself of life in order to leave the landowner alone, helpless. This, as it turned out, is an effective revenge, but it will no longer help Yakov ...

The meaning of “Who should live well in Rus'”, according to Nekrasov’s plan, was just the same in depicting the country immediately after the abolition of serfdom from various points of view. The poet wanted to show that the reform was carried out largely thoughtlessly and inconsistently, and brought with it not only the joy of liberation, but also all sorts of problems that needed to be addressed. Poverty and lack of rights, a huge lack of education for the common people (the only school in the village is “crammed tightly”), the need for honest and smart people who would hold responsible positions - all this is said in the poem in a simple, folk language. Rus itself seems to speak with the reader in many voices, begging for help.

At the same time, it would be wrong to reduce the meaning of the work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” solely to the consideration of the current political problems of Russia. No, when creating the poem, Nekrasov put into it a different, philosophical meaning. It is already expressed in the very title of the poem: “Who should live well in Rus'”. Indeed, to whom? - this is the problem that the author, and with him the reader, has to solve. Peasants in their wanderings will ask a variety of people, from a priest to a simple soldier, but none of their interlocutors can boast of happiness. And this is to some extent natural, because each of the heroes of the poem is looking for his own, personal happiness, without thinking about the universal, the people. Even the honest burgomaster Yermil cannot stand it and, in an attempt to benefit his family, forgets about the truth. Happiness, according to Nekrasov, can only be found by those who forget about personal things and take care of the happiness of their homeland, as Grisha Dobrosklonov does.

“Nekrasov, in his last work, remained true to his idea: to arouse the sympathy of the upper classes of society for the common people, their needs and needs,” the Russian critic Belinsky spoke of Nekrasov’s work. Indeed, this is the main meaning of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - not only and so much to point out current problems, but to affirm the desire for universal happiness as the only possible way for the further development of the country.

Other works on this topic:

1. The meaning of the name. The very title of the poem sets one up for a truly all-Russian review of life, for the fact that this life will be studied truthfully and in detail, from top to bottom. It aims...
2. Features of the composition of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'” I. Introduction Composition - the composition, arrangement and interconnection of parts and elements of a work of art. (For more see....
3. History of creation. “Who is living well in Rus'”; - the final work of Nekrasov, in which the poet wanted to state everything that he knew about the people, to combine the experience of all ...
4. The whole poem by Nekrasov is a flaring up, gradually gaining strength, worldly gathering. For Nekrasov, it is important that the peasantry not only thought about the meaning of life, but also set off ...
5. The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" was created by Nekrasov at the end of his life. The author did not have time to complete his work, but in the form ...
6. “My favorite brainchild,” Nekrasov wrote in his manuscript about the poem “Who should live well in Rus'.” Later, in one of the letters...
7. The idea of ​​the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” arose in the early 1860s. Nekrasov continued to work on the poem until the end of his life, but did not have time ...

The meaning of the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is not unambiguous. After all, the question is: who is happy? evokes others: what is happiness? Who is worthy of happiness? Where should you look for it? And the Peasant Woman not so much closes these questions as it opens them up, leads to them. Without The Peasant Woman, everything is not clear either in the part of The Last Child, which was written before The Peasant Woman, or in the part of The Feast for the Whole World, which was written after it.
In "The Peasant Woman" the poet raised the deep layers of the life of the people, their social being, their ethics and their poetry, making clear what the true potential of this life, its creative beginning. Working on heroic characters (Savely, Matrena Timofeevna), created on the basis of folk poetry (song, epic), the poet strengthened his faith in the people.
This work became the key to such faith and the condition for further work already on the actual modern material, which turned out to be a continuation of the “Last Child” and formed the basis of the part called by the poet “A Feast for the Whole World”. "Good time - good songs" - the final chapter of "Feast". If the previous one was titled "Both the old and the new," then this one could be titled "Both the present and the future." It is the striving for the future that explains a lot in this chapter, which is not accidentally called “Songs”, because they are the whole essence of it.
There is also a person who composes and sings these songs - Grisha Dobrosklonov. Much in Russian history pushed Russian artists to create images like Grisha. This is the "going to the people" of revolutionary intellectuals in the early 70s of the last century. These are also memories of democratic figures of the first call, the so-called "sixties" - primarily about Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov. The image of Grisha is both very real and at the same time very generalized and even conditional. On the one hand, he is a man of a completely definite life and way of life: the son of a poor sexton, a seminarian, a simple and kind guy who loves the village, the peasant, the people, who wishes him happiness and is ready to fight for him.
But Grisha is also a more generalized image of youth, striving forward, hoping and believing. He is all in the future, hence some of his uncertainty, only outlined. That is why Nekrasov, obviously not only for censorship reasons, crossed out poems already at the first stage of his work (although they are printed in most of the poet's post-revolutionary publications): Fate prepared for him a glorious path, a loud name of the People's Protector, Consumption and Siberia.
The dying poet was in a hurry. The poem remained unfinished, but it was not left without a result. In itself, the image of Grisha is not the answer either to the question of happiness, or to the question of the lucky one. The happiness of one person (whoever it is and whatever one understands by it, even the struggle for universal happiness) is not yet a solution to the issue, since the poem leads to thoughts about “the embodiment of the happiness of the people”, about the happiness of all, about the “feast to the whole world."
“Who is living well in Rus'?” - the poet asked a great question in the poem and gave a great answer in her last song "Rus"
You are poor
You are abundant
You are powerful
You are powerless
Mother - Rus'!
Saved in bondage
Heart free
Gold, gold
The heart of the people!
We got up - unwary,
Came out - uninvited,
Live by the grain
The mountains have been applied! R
ati rises - Innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Invincible!

Essay on literature on the topic: The meaning of the poem “Who lives well in Rus'”

Other writings:

1. The whole poem by Nekrasov is a flaring up, gradually gaining strength, worldly gathering. For Nekrasov, it is important that the peasantry not only thought about the meaning of life, but also set off on a difficult and long journey of truth-seeking. In the "Prologue" the action is tied up. Seven peasants are arguing, “who lives Read More ......
2. The very title of the poem sets one up for a truly all-Russian review of life, for the fact that this life will be studied truthfully and in detail, from top to bottom. It aims to find an answer to the main questions of the time when the country was going through an era of great change: what is the source of folk Read More ......
3. The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is the result of the author’s thoughts about the fate of the country and people. To whom in Rus' to live well? The poem begins with this question. Its plot, like the plot of folk tales, is built as a journey of old peasants in search of a happy person. Read More ......
4. The song "Among the world of the valley ..." calls for the struggle for people's happiness, for light and freedom. But the point, of course, is not simply the declaration of these ideological and thematic slogan formulas. The meaning of the final verses of the poem really lies in the call to fight for the happiness of the people, but the meaning of the whole Read More ......
5. Disputes about the composition of the work are still ongoing, but most scholars have come to the conclusion that it should be as follows: “Prologue. Part One”, “Peasant Woman”, “Last Child”, “Feast for the Whole World”. The arguments in favor of just such an arrangement of the material are as follows. In the first part Read More ......
6. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov worked on his work “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” for many years, giving him part of his soul. And throughout the entire period of the creation of this work, the poet did not leave high ideas about a perfect life and a perfect person. Poem “To Read More ......
7. The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is the pinnacle of N. A. Nekrasov’s work. He himself called her "his favorite brainchild." Nekrasov devoted many years of tireless work to his poem, putting into it all the information about the Russian people accumulated, as the poet said, “according to Read More ......
8. The question of the first "Prologue" deserves special attention. There are several prologues in the poem: before the chapter “Pop”, before the parts “Peasant woman” and “Feast - for the whole world”. The first "Prologue" differs sharply from the others. It poses a problem common to the entire poem “To whom on Read More ......

An essay on the topic “The meaning of the title of the poem “Who lives well in Rus'” by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.” 4.30 /5 (86.00%) 10 votes

The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" was written shortly after the adoption of the reform "On the abolition of serfdom" in 1861. Everyone knows that Nikolai Alekseevich was an active fighter for the rights of the people. The main theme of his work was people's happiness and the struggle for justice in relation to him. The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" was written with great experience and a huge amount of emotions. As soon as we read the title of the work, it becomes clear to us what will be discussed. I believe that the meaning of the title reflects not only the content of the text, but also the attitude of the author towards the peasants in general.

The whole poem by Nekrasov is a flaring up, gradually gaining strength, worldly gathering. For Nekrasov, it is important that the peasantry not only thought about the meaning of life, but also set off on a difficult and long journey of truth-seeking. In the "Prologue" the action is tied up. Seven peasants are arguing, "who lives happily, freely in Rus'." Men still do not understand that the question of who is happier - a priest, a landowner, a merchant, an official or a king - reveals the limitations of their idea of ​​happiness, which comes down to material security. The meeting with the priest makes the peasants think over many things: Well, here's the vaunted Priest's life for you. Starting with the chapter "Happy", there is a turn in the direction of the search for a happy person. On their own initiative, “lucky ones” from the bottom begin to approach the wanderers. Stories are heard - confessions of courtyard people, clergymen, soldiers, masons, hunters. Of course, these “lucky ones” are such that the wanderers, seeing an empty bucket, exclaim with bitter irony: Hey, peasant happiness! Leaky with patches, Hunchbacked with corns, Get the hell out of here! But at the end of the chapter there is a story about a happy man - Yermil Girin. The story about him begins with a description of his lawsuit with the merchant Altynnikov. Ermil is conscientious. Let us recall how he paid off with the peasants for the debt collected on the market square: All day long, with a posh opened, Yermil walked, inquiring, Whose ruble? didn't find it. Throughout his life, Yermil refutes the initial ideas of wanderers about the essence of human happiness. It would seem that he has “everything that is necessary for happiness: peace of mind, money, and honor.” But at a critical moment in his life, Yermil sacrifices this “happiness” for the sake of the truth of the people and ends up in jail. Gradually, the ideal of an ascetic, a fighter for the people's interests, is born in the minds of the peasants. In the part “The Landowner”, the wanderers treat the masters with obvious irony. They understand that noble "honor" is worth a little. No, you are not noble to us, Give us a peasant word. Yesterday's "slaves" took up the solution of problems that since ancient times were considered a privilege of the nobility. The nobility saw its historical destiny in caring for the fate of the Fatherland. And then suddenly this only mission from the nobility was intercepted by the peasants, they became citizens of Russia: The landowner, not without bitterness, Said: “Put on your hats, Sit down, gentlemen!” In the last part of the poem, a new hero appears: Grisha Dobrosklonov, a Russian intellectual, who knows that people's happiness can be achieved only as a result of a nationwide struggle for the "Unwhacked province, Ungutted volost, Redundant village." The army rises - Innumerable, the Power in it will affect Indestructible! The fifth chapter of the last part ends with words expressing the ideological pathos of the whole work: “If our wanderers were under their native roof, // If they could know what was happening with Grisha.” These lines, as it were, give an answer to the question posed in the title of the poem. A happy person in Rus' is one who firmly knows that one must “live for the happiness of a miserable and dark native corner.”