Simple illusions. Optical illusion (14 illusions)

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Even the most hardened skeptics believe what their senses tell them, but the senses are easily deceived.

An optical illusion is an impression of a visible object or phenomenon that does not correspond to reality, i.e. optical illusion. Translated from Latin, the word “illusion” means “error, delusion.” This suggests that illusions have long been interpreted as some kind of malfunction in the visual system. Many researchers have been studying the causes of their occurrence.

Some visual illusions have long had a scientific explanation, others still remain a mystery.

website continues to collect the coolest optical illusions. Be careful! Some illusions can cause tearing, headaches and disorientation in space.

Endless chocolate

If you cut a chocolate bar 5 by 5 and rearrange all the pieces in the order shown, then out of nowhere an extra piece of chocolate will appear. You can do the same with an ordinary chocolate bar and make sure that this is not computer graphics, but a real-life riddle.

Illusion of bars

Take a look at these bars. Depending on which end you are looking at, the two pieces of wood will either be next to each other, or one of them will be lying on top of the other.

Cube and two identical cups

Optical illusion created by Chris Westall. There is a cup on the table, next to which there is a cube with a small cup. However, upon closer examination, we can see that in fact the cube is drawn, and the cups are exactly the same size. A similar effect is noticeable only at a certain angle.

Illusion "Cafe Wall"

Take a close look at the image. At first glance, all the lines seem to be curved, but in fact they are parallel. The illusion was discovered by R. Gregory at the Wall Cafe in Bristol. This is where its name came from.

Illusion of the Leaning Tower of Pisa

Above you see two pictures of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. At first glance, the tower on the right appears to lean more than the tower on the left, but in fact both of these pictures are the same. The reason is that the visual system views the two images as part of a single scene. Therefore, it seems to us that both photographs are not symmetrical.

Disappearing circles

This illusion is called "Vanishing Circles". It consists of 12 lilac pink spots arranged in a circle with a black cross in the middle. Each spot disappears in a circle for about 0.1 seconds, and if you focus on the central cross, you can get the following effect:
1) at first it will seem that there is a green spot running around
2) then the purple spots will start to disappear

Black and white illusion

Look at the four dots in the center of the picture for thirty seconds, then move your gaze to the ceiling and blink. What did you see?

fading

An optical illusion is a trick of human vision. Observations of some images leave visual illusions in our minds.

Optical illusion is the unreliable perception of certain visual information. A person, looking at an illusion, incorrectly estimates its size or shape, creating a deceptive image in his mind.

The reason for erroneous perception is the structural feature of our visual organ. The physiology and psychology of vision allow us to make the wrong final result and instead of round shapes, a person is able to see square ones, and large pictures will seem small.

Illusion - error of visual perception

Optical illusion can be divided into several main types:

  • incorrect color perception
  • misperception based on contrast
  • misperception of object size
  • incorrect perception of image depth
  • twisted illusion
  • "shifter"
  • illusions that move
  • 3D pictures
  • optical illusion contour

The human brain can react deceptively to some images. It seems that the image moves or even changes color only due to the fact that the brain perceives the visible light of some pictures.

Moving pictures optical illusion, photo

One of the most popular are the so-called moving pictures. The secret of this type lies in color and contrast perception.

moving picture

It is enough to look at the center of this picture for a few seconds, then look away to one of the sides of the salad frame of the image, and the picture will literally “float”.



moving illusion "wall"

This illusion can be classified into two types: “curvature of shape” and “moving illusion”. Firstly, the uneven placement of the cubes allows us to conclude that the lines are crooked.

However, they are absolutely smooth. Secondly, if you move the picture up and down using the slider on your monitor on the right, you can see how the cubes move and run.



moving illusion

Thanks to the textured image, it seems that the squares in the center of the picture are moving.



an illusion that moves

Thanks to the contrasting image of the round disks, it seems that they are moving in different directions: clockwise and counterclockwise.



the illusion moves

The patterns in the picture are of different sizes and stand out with bright contrasting colors. This is why the lines and curves appear to be moving.

What kind of visual illusion pictures are there for children?

  • Visual illusions are one of the most popular intellectual entertainments for children. Observing such pictures allows you to develop your child’s thinking.
  • He tries to understand why this happens, that what is desired is not presented as reality.
  • In addition, groups of eye muscles are exercised. This helps improve blood circulation to the optic canal, which means it serves as a kind of prevention of blindness and other problems.

While observing illusions, the child exercises his logical thinking and develops his brain.

The most popular illusions for children:



animal shifter

This illusion helps the child understand which animal is shown in the picture: a cat or a dog. The child analyzes all external features and remembers the characteristics; in addition, he tries to visually turn the image around, which trains his eye muscles.



volumetric illusion

This illusion provides the child with the opportunity to see a three-dimensional image. In order to do this, you need to bring your face closer to the image, direct your gaze to the middle, diffuse your vision for five seconds and then quickly focus. This activity intensively trains the eye muscles and allows the child to develop vision.



mirror illusion

Uniform prints located mirror to each other allow the baby to find common features of external parameters in different animals.



optical illusion

This image allows you to develop abstract thinking: in the proposed picture you can see a simple branched tree. But if you read the contours correctly, the image of a newborn child will appear before your eyes.

What are hypnosis pictures, optical illusion?

Some images are called “pictures of hypnosis” because they are capable of misleading and a kind of trance, when a person diligently tries to understand the secret of the drawn objects and why they move.



hypnosis picture

There is a belief that if you look for a long time at the center of a moving image, a person imagines himself plunging into a deep tunnel without a bottom or edge. It is this immersion that distracts him from other thoughts and his trance is comparable to hypnosis.

Illusion pictures in black and white, optical illusion in contrasts

Black and white colors are completely opposite. These are the most contrasting colors of all. Looking at such a picture, the human eye literally “doubts” which color to pay the main attention to, and that is why it turns out that the pictures “dance”, “float”, “move” and even appear in space.

The most popular black and white illusions:



parallel black and white lines

The secret of the image is that the lines on the lines are drawn in different directions and that is why it seems that the lines are not at all parallel.



black and white illusions

These images allow us to see two images in one picture. The drawing is based on the principle of contour and contrasts.

black and white illusion based on concentration

In this illusion, for the effect you need to look for a long time at the red dot located in the image.

One minute will be enough. After this, your gaze is averted to the side and on any object you see what you previously observed only on the monitor.

What is optical illusion 3d pictures?

This type of illusion allows a person to literally “break his brain.” This is because the picture displays the arrangement of objects in such a way that, firstly, they become three-dimensional on a plane, and secondly, sometimes they are too difficult to understand.



simple 3D illusion

This picture makes it unclear to a person the location of objects: their sides and surfaces. Nevertheless, the drawing is perceived in volume.



complex 3D illusion picture

More complex images require a person to peer into the depths of the picture for a long time. It is worth completely dissipating and splitting vision and after some time sharply restoring it.

A three-dimensional figure (in this case a woman) with clear contours will appear on a completely flat picture.

Optical illusions pictures optical illusions

Optical illusions are errors that can occur in our vision. The causes of optical illusions are errors of perception.

While looking at a picture, inexplicable movements, disappearances and appearances may occur. All this is justified by the physiological and psychological aspect of visual perception.



optical illusion "black dot"

The secret of the illusion is that when we notice a small black object in the center, we do not pay attention to our surroundings.



optical illusion "elephant"

The unclear image of the contours allows us to see that the elephant has eight legs instead of four.



optical illusion "sun"

Contrasting colors and unclear boundaries of the picture allow the image to literally vibrate the moment we look at it and remain immobilized when we turn our gaze to something else.



optical illusion “one picture - two images”

Based on a mirror image with exact repetition of all forms.

Optical illusion pictures: dress, explanation of the illusion

  • The famous online “virus” and the “blue or gold dress” joke are based on visual perception, depending on the individual characteristics of each person
  • Once upon a time, everyone received a picture on social networks from friends with the caption “What color is the dress?” And many of your friends answered this question in completely different ways: either blue or gold
  • The secret to perceiving a picture lies in how your visual organ is built and under what conditions you observe this picture.
  • In each specific case, the retina of the human eye contains a certain number of cones and rods. It is the quantity that plays the role of perception: for some it will be blue, for others it will be golden


optical illusion "dress"

It is important to pay attention to the fact of lighting. look at the image in bright light and you will see a blue dress. Go into a dark room for half an hour and then look back at the picture - most likely you will see a golden dress.

Double pictures are an optical illusion, what's the secret?

As mentioned earlier, the secret of this illusion is hidden in the complete repetition of the lines of the drawing when it is mirrored. Of course, this can not be done in practice with every picture, but if you carefully choose the form, you will get quite an interesting result.



classic double picture "old or young woman?"

Looking at this image, you need to decide for yourself: “What do you see first?” Of the possible options, you will see a young girl, turned in profile with a feather in her headdress, or an old woman with a long chin and a large nose.



modern double image

Among the more modern versions of the double image, we can distinguish paintings that simultaneously depict two separate drawings. In such cases, the features of one image are read in different lines.

Video: “Five of the most incredible optical illusions. Optical illusion"

It's time to do some eye exercises, have fun and stretch your imagination! In this collection you will find bright and unpredictable pictures and very interesting puzzles for those who like to double-check everything in person. The same drawing may contain several subjects at once, and some images may seem “alive.” Don't worry, this is completely normal.



25. Is this a vase or human faces?

Here are two different scenes in one picture at the same time. Some people see a bowl or a figurine, while others see people looking at each other. It's all about perception and focus. Switching from one plot to another is a good exercise for the eyes.

24. Bring the image first closer to your face, and then back


Photo: Nevit Dilmen

It may seem to you that the ball becomes voluminous and even takes on color. Be careful, they say that if you look at this drawing for too long, you may get a headache.

23. Wriggling figures


Photo: Wikipedia

At first, you may think that the columns and rows of white and green polygons are writhing, like a flag or waves. But if you hold a ruler up to the screen, you will realize that all the figures are located in strict order and in a straight line, both vertically and horizontally. In the picture, all angles are equal to either 90 degrees or 45. Don’t believe your eyes, as they say.

22. Moving circles


Photo: Cmglee

For some, a simple glance is enough to immediately notice the movement, while others will have to wait a little. But sooner or later you will definitely feel that the circles in this picture are rotating. In fact, this is an ordinary picture, and not an animation at all, but ours has a hard time coping with such a set of colors and shapes at the same time, and it’s easier for him to decide that something is rotating on the screen.

21. Red lines on a colored background


Photo: Wikipedia

The red lines in the picture appear to be curved, but it is easy to prove otherwise with a simple ruler or even a piece of paper. In fact, this optical illusion is achieved using an intricate pattern in the background.

20. Black tops or bottoms of bars


Photo: Wikipedia

Of course, the black edges are the tops of the drawn bricks. Although wait... No, that’s not true! Or so? It’s not easy to figure it out, although the picture doesn’t change at all, unlike our perception.

19. Optical plug

Photo: Wikipedia

This drawing is a little reminiscent of the picture from point 23, only now there is also a giant fork. Although if you look closely, it may turn out to be something completely different...

18. Yellow lines


Photo: Wikipedia

Believe it or not, but in the image there are 2 yellow lines of exactly the same length. The deceptive prospect of black bars can be confusing, but we advise you to take up the ruler again.

17. Spinning circles


Photo: Fibonacci

If you look strictly at the black dot in the center of the picture and do not move your head, circles around it will begin to rotate. Try it!

16. Moving squiggles


Photo: PublicDomainPictures.net

This psychedelic picture is a real mystery for our brain. To peripheral vision, it always seems that some kind of movement is happening around the edges. No matter how hard you try, the squiggles will still move somewhere nearby, and not where you are looking.

15. Gray stripe


Photo: Dodek

It probably seems to you that the stripe in the center changes its color from one end to the other, as if someone’s shadow is falling on it. In fact, the center line is one, and the easiest way to check this is with 2 sheets of paper. Cover the top and bottom of the drawing and you'll see what it's all about. The only thing that changes in this image is the background color.

14. Black shadows


Photo: Wikipedia

Fascinating picture! It either dazzles your eyes or makes you dizzy, so don’t look at the screen for too long.

13. Fluttering pattern


Photo: Aaron Fulkerson / flickr

It feels like the wind is blowing across the surface of the field... But no, this is definitely not a GIF. Although it’s hard to believe if you look at the image, moving your gaze from one point to another. If you look strictly in the center, the picture should gradually freeze or at least slow down.

12. Triangles and lines


Photo: Wikipedia

These rows of stuck triangles appear uneven, as if they were spaced diagonally. In fact, they are still drawn parallel to each other. Is there a line?

11. Cow


Photo: John McCrone

Yes, it's a cow. Seeing it is not so easy, and sometimes it takes a little time, but if you look closely, you will definitely see not only random lines and spots, but also an animal. Do you see?

10. Drowning floor

Photo: markldiaz/flickr

It may seem as if the center of the picture is drowning or being pulled in by something. In fact, all the squares are the same size and shape, they are located evenly and do not float away anywhere. The illusion of distortion is created by white dots along the edges of some squares.

9. Old woman or young girl?

Photo: Wikipedia

And this is a very old, almost classic, optical illusion. Everyone manages to solve the picture differently. Some people stubbornly see a young girl with beautiful cheekbones, while others are immediately struck by the huge nose of an old woman. But if you try, you can see them both. It turns out?

8. Blackheads


Photo: Wikipedia

This optical illusion gives the impression that small black dots are constantly moving in the painting. When you look at different parts of the drawing, they either appear at the intersection of lines or disappear. How many points can you see at the same time? It's very difficult to calculate!

7. Green whirlwind


Photo: Fiestoforo

If you look at this picture long enough, it may seem as if you are being sucked into a vortex funnel! But this is a regular flat image, not a GIF. It's all about optical illusion and our brain. Again.

6. More spinning circles


Photo: markldiaz/flickr

Here's another absolutely stunning variation on a static image. Due to the complex colors and shapes of the details of the design, it seems that the circles are rotating, but in reality this is not the case.

5. Poggendorff illusion


Photo: Fibonacci

Here is a classic optical illusion, named after the German physicist I. K. Poggendorf. The answer lies in the location of the black line. If you look at the left side of the picture, it seems that the blue line should be a continuation of the black one, but on the right side of the picture you can see that it is the red stripe that completes it.

4. Blue flowers


Photo: Nevit Dilmen

Another optical illusion that will seem like a gif to you. If you look at this drawing long enough, the flowers will begin to spin.

3. The Orbison Illusion


Photo: Wikipedia

This is another very old optical illusion, drawn by the American psychologist Orbison back in the 30s of the 20th century. The red diamond in the center is actually a perfect square, but the background blue lines make it look like it's a little warped or rotated.

1. Zöllner optical illusion


Photo: Fibonacci

Here is another classic example of a geometric illusion, in which long diagonal lines appear to be pointing in different directions. In fact, they are parallel to each other, but short strokes across the lines confuse our brain and create a sense of perspective. Astrophysicist Zöllner drew this illusion back in 1860!

A selection of optical illusions and double-digit pictures.

The eyes are a complex mechanism that helps a person correctly perceive the world around him. But as practice shows, even such a seemingly perfect mechanism can be easily deceived.

This can be done using color contrasts, sharply changing proportions and various small details. Thanks to all this, the human eye will see an optical illusion that changes depending on the angle at which you look at it.

What is visual illusion, optical illusion, surrealism?

Optical illusion

Optical illusion (visual illusion)- this is an incorrect perception of certain pictures or surrounding objects by the eyes. In this case, the eyes see the image a little differently than the brain tells them. The correct background, depth and geometric shapes arranged in a certain sequence help to achieve a similar effect in the picture.

All these little tricks prevent the eyes from correctly scanning the image in front of them, and as a result, the brain forces the person to see a distorted picture. Surrealist artists take full advantage of this feature of the human eye and try to surprise people with paintings that have a special meaning. That is why surrealism can also be classified as an optical illusion that can provoke a person to strong emotions.

Pictures-illusions for the eyes, optical illusions, and their secrets

Illusion pictures for the eyes

As you probably already understood, illusion pictures force our brain to perceive images not exactly as they look. This happens because the brain also has patterns, and if it understands that the eyes do not perceive the picture quite correctly, it begins to send impulses that make it completely different.

The brain can also be tricked by using bright colors. If the same picture is superimposed on a different background, then its individual details will be perceived by the eye in a different color.

People are even more misled by pictures that depict geometric shapes that are contrasting in color. At first glance, it may seem to a person that they are located parallel to each other. But in fact, if you look more closely at them, you can understand that they are looking in opposite directions.

And, of course, don’t forget that a loving picture looks different from different angles. In view of this, if you make it contrasting, you will see different depths in it. This can be seen in the example with a contrasting cube.

Complex 3D stereo images for eye training with explanations

Stereo image to improve vision

3D stereo image

3D picture

3D stereo pictures- this is nothing more than the same optical illusions, simply created by alternating dots and textures. The main principle of such pictures is based on the brain’s ability to compare different data and estimate distances to objects, figures and points as accurately as possible.

Such images are very often used for eye training in the treatment of ophthalmic pathologies. According to experts, if a person looks at such pictures for at least a few minutes a day, his eyes will relax properly.

In order to correctly see the stereo image, you will first need to move away from it at arm's length and try to completely relax your eyes. You should try to look through the image. If you do everything correctly, after some time you will see the most realistic three-dimensional picture.

Pictures-illusions black and white, optical illusion with explanations

Three-dimensional picture in black and white

Black and white flats

If you carefully read our article, you probably realized that illusion pictures work best with color contrast. This is why black and white images are the easiest to deceive our eyes. If you just look at the simplest picture in this color scheme, you will notice that your eyes jump from one element to another, not knowing where to stop.

That is why, when looking at such an optical illusion, it seems to a person that the figures in the image are constantly moving, floating and moving. If, for example, a portrait of a person is depicted in such a color scheme, then depending on the color it will change both its contour and its shape.

Moving pictures optical illusion with explanation: photo with explanations

Eyes see movement due to correctly selected colors

The good thing about moving pictures is that they create a realistic effect. When a person looks at them, it seems to him that he really sees a waterfall or a sea that sways. The best thing in this case is that a person does not need to take absolutely any action to see everything correctly. As a rule, at the first glance at such a visual illusion, the eyes immediately catch the movement of some individual details.

Geometric moving picture

If it is a geometric picture, it will be created using contrasting shades and identical geometric shapes. In this case, the eyes will perceive it almost the same as a black and white image, making it seem to the person that the drawing is always in motion.

GIFs are an optical illusion

The square can only be seen when turning

The picture shows how you can visually enlarge an object

GIFs, like any other illusion pictures, deceive the human eye and it does not perceive them exactly as it did initially. In this case, everything is built on movement. It is from the speed and in which direction the elements move that a person can see different images.

Also, gifs allow you to visually reduce large objects quite well and enlarge very small ones. This happens by moving closer or further from the object you will be looking at.

Visual illusion pictures of hypnosis: photos with explanations

Optical illusion with depth effect

Hypnosis picture focusing attention on a central point

Hypnosis pictures- these are images that can put a person into a state of light trance, helping to relax the nervous system. Most often, this effect is achieved with the same contrast and the same type of lines or figures, placed from largest to smallest. Looking at the image, a person tries to understand the secret of the continuous movement of objects in his field of vision.

And the more he tries to solve the riddle of the hypnosis picture, the more he plunges into a kind of trance. If you try to look at the center of such an optical illusion for a long time, then it will inevitably begin to seem to you that you are moving along some kind of corridor or simply falling somewhere. This state will cause you to relax and forget about everyday problems and obstacles for a while.

Double pictures of visual illusions: photos with explanations

The double meaning of minimalism

Mirror optical illusion

The main secret of double optical illusions is the almost complete repetition of all, even the smallest lines. This creates a mirror effect that allows you to create an image that will look different from different angles. In this case, you can combine two completely different designs in the picture, as long as they fit each other perfectly in shape and color scheme.

Also, a double picture can consist of two completely different images, just when you look at it you will see the outlines of the same figure.

Pictures for visual deception for children: photos with explanations

Pictures for visual deception for children

In principle, visual illusion pictures for children are also based on the contrast of colors, the depth of lines and a correctly selected background. It’s just that, unlike images for adults, in this case, upside-down pictures are most often used.

By looking at them, the baby tries to recognize what his eyes actually see, thereby helping him develop logical thinking. And in order to make it easier for small children to perceive what they see, as a rule, the drawings depict animals or plants that are familiar to them.

For example, this could be a drawing that depicts a cat that turns into an angry dog ​​when it turns over.

In addition, children perceive very well pictures in which the same object has different lengths. In this case, the illusion effect is achieved by the correct background and different colors of two figures that are completely identical in shape.

Geometric visual illusion pictures, triangles with explanations

Geometric illusion

Geometric illusions- this is nothing more than an image of objects of different shapes, which the eye perceives not quite as is customary in geometry. In this case, the ability of the human eye to determine the color, direction and size of objects is used.

But if in geometry they are arranged according to certain rules, then in this case, for example, a rectangle can be composed of several triangles of different sizes. This illusion is designed so that a person, instead of seeing triangles, will look at parallel lines and try to understand how similar they are.

Also in geometric illusions, contrast in size is very often used. Looking at such an image, a person does not see that the two central circles are the same size. Even when looking closely, he thinks that the circle surrounded by smaller objects is larger than the one surrounded by larger ones.

Pictures of optical illusion with a dress: photos with explanations

Pictures of optical illusion with a dress

If you spend a lot of time on the Internet, then you have probably already come across a picture with a question about the color of a dress. As a rule, people cannot give a definite answer to this question because at different times of the day they see a different shade of the outfit. What is this connected with? As already mentioned at the very beginning of our article, the human eye is a rather complex mechanism, the main one of which is the retina (responsible for the correct perception of color).

The retina itself consists of rods and cones, the number of which determines how brightly a person perceives a particular color. For this reason, the dress may appear soft blue to some people, while deep blue to others. When it comes to optical illusions, lighting plays a huge role. In daylight it will appear lighter, but in artificial light it will appear much brighter and darker.

Picture for optical illusion – “Girl or old woman”: photo with explanations

Picture for optical illusion – “Girl or old woman”

Each of us has experienced the “Girl or Old Woman” optical illusion at least once in our lives. But, having looked at it, we simply forget about it and don’t even think about why our eyes see such a dual picture. In fact, in this case, completely two different images are skillfully connected to each other in one drawing.

If you pay closer attention, you will realize that one pattern flows smoothly into the other. For example, the oval of a young girl’s face simultaneously serves as the nose of an old woman, and her ear serves as the eye of an elderly woman.

Surrealism tattoo for optical illusion: photos, explanations

Tattoo imitating the flight of a butterfly

Surreal tattoo

Tattoo with volumetric effect

As you probably already understood, an optical illusion is nothing more than a correctly drawn picture. Therefore, if you wish, you can easily get yourself a tattoo in the style of surrealism.

All you have to do is apply it using contrasting colors, the right directions and background. All this will help you create voluminous and even visually moving images on your skin. You can see an example of a tattoo in the style of surrealism a little higher.

Optical illusions of perception in the interior: photos with explanations

Mirror surfaces in the interior

Optical illusions are good because they can radically change any room. Mirror surfaces are considered the simplest visual deception. With their help, even the smallest room will seem huge and bright.

Horizontal lines on walls

Different textures change the space well. If you want to easily stretch the room, then decorate the walls with horizontal lines. If, on the contrary, you need to reduce something, then frame it with vertical lines.

Floating table in the interior

If you wish, you can decorate your kitchen with so-called floating furniture. To do this, you will only need to buy a table whose legs will be made of either transparent plastic or glass.

Hidden doors

Also, if you wish, you can decorate your home with an invisible door. To achieve a similar effect, you will have to install a door with hidden hinges, and then decorate it in the same color as the walls.

Optical Illusion: Dress Form

Optical illusion: color

As you probably already understood, visual deception can help a person make the world around him more organic, and this applies not only to the interior. If you need to correct your figure, you can try to do this using optical illusions. All that will be required of you is to choose the right color and shape of your outfits.

Surrealism in painting: photos, paintings, explanations

Surrealism in painting

Two-faced picture

Optical illusions are very popular among artists. They help them make their paintings deeper and more interesting not only visually, but also semantically. As a rule, for this they use so-called two-faced pictures.

Most often, in this way they try to disguise the caricature. Surrealist artists use a similar technique to create drawings with a triple image, thereby trying to give their masterpiece a deeper meaning. You can see examples of such paintings a little higher.

Paintings in the style of surrealism by Salvador Dali

Tenderness and strength in one picture

Salvador Dali is considered the most famous surrealist in the world. He always painted images in his paintings that made a person far from art think. This is probably why even now people look at his masterpieces with great pleasure and try to understand what the great artist was thinking about when he painted them.

Video: 3D drawings, incredible optical illusions, optical illusions

Even the most hardened skeptics believe what their senses tell them, but the senses are easily deceived. Optical illusion - an impression of a visible object or phenomenon that does not correspond to reality, i.e. optical illusion. Translated from Latin, the word “illusion” means “error, delusion.” This suggests that illusions have long been interpreted as some kind of malfunction in the visual system. Many researchers have been studying the causes of their occurrence. Some visual illusions have long had a scientific explanation, others are still not explained.

Parallel lines


A variation of the classic illusion from Japanese psychology professor Akioshi Kitaoka. The lines in the figure are parallel.

Wall


Distortion of perspective. Which of the yellow lines in the corners of the wall is larger? The left one seems significantly smaller than the right one. In fact, the yellow lines are exactly the same height.

Spinning girl


A picture created by Japanese designer from Hiroshima Nobuyuki Kayahara in 2003. It was claimed that this was a test picture for visual perception and an exercise for imagination.

If a person sees clockwise rotation, then he is a logician, i.e. his left hemisphere is more developed, if against - he is intuitive. Most people, after short exercises, are able to see the girl rotating in any direction; various techniques contribute to this. Sometimes staring at the picture for 30 seconds is enough, sometimes tracking the shadow.

Gardner's Dragon


Gardner's dragon or Jerry Andrus's dragon (named after its creator), which constantly looks at the observer, is one of the most famous optical illusions. To achieve the maximum effect, you need to place the dragon so that the light source is below, close one eye and, at a distance of 1 - 2 meters, look at the dragon while moving.

Sniper


An illusion by Akiyoshi Kitaoka, a professor of psychology at Ritsumeikan University and professor Eiji Watanabe of the Japanese National Institute of Biology, based on the classic Pockendorff illusion.

The essence of the illusion: it is very difficult to determine by eye which of the balls the line is directed towards, which is a continuation of the barrel of the machine gun.

View from the carriage

The flickering of strokes outside the train window creates the illusion of movement. But each person can initially determine the direction of movement differently.

Relativity


Lithograph by the Dutch artist Escher. It was first published in 1953.

The lithograph depicts a paradoxical world in which the laws of reality do not apply. Three realities are united in one world, three forces of gravity are directed perpendicular to one another. An architectural structure has been created, the realities are united by stairs. For people living in this world, but in different planes of reality, the same staircase will be directed either up or down.

Endless staircase


This figure is most often called the “Endless Staircase”, “Eternal Staircase” or “Penrose Staircase” - after its creators. It is also called the “continuously ascending and descending path.” The "Endless Staircase" is one of the most famous classical impossibilities.

Running monsters


Roger Shepard's perspective-taking illusion. In the picture, the fleeing monster seems significantly smaller than the chasing one.

In fact, the monsters are exactly the same. The first is a copy of the second.

Flying pyramids


Sculpture by Venezuelan artist Rafael Barrios. One of the many exhibitions exhibited in New York on Park Avenue. All of them are made of flat sheets of steel and painted with acrylic paints. However, from a distance the sculptures seem voluminous.

Chessboard squares


The Color Perception Illusion, published by MIT professor Edward H. Adelson in 1995.

Are squares A and B of the chessboard different colors?

Rays from the eye


Illusion of Akiyoshi Kitaoka. An absolutely static picture has the illusion of flowing over the observer. Akiyoshi Kitaoka is a professor of psychology at the University (Ritsumeikan) in Tokyo. World famous for its numerous motion illusions.

[b]I found the way


The illusion was created by amateur photographer Robert Bruce Murray III. The inscription confidently floats onto the observer.

floating star


Artist Kaia Nao. Participant in the competition “Illusion of the Year 2012”. An absolutely static image of a star that appears to be rotating.

Impossible elephant


Drawing by Roger Shepard.

Let the dog sleep


Artist Igor Lysenko. Original paintings in the genre of surrealism contain a lot of mysteries and hidden images.

For example, in the picture presented, the artist hid the image of a goose. However, it is not easy to find

Impossible cube


Impossible cube from Maurits Cornelis Escher's painting "Belvedere". The image is the result of “pure” modeling in 3D Max, that is, obtained after pressing the “Render” button, without further processing in Photoshop. Rendering author Andrey Ustyuzhanin

Cat and mouse


An illusion from a series of dual images. In the picture you can see either a cat or a mouse, but it is almost impossible to see two images at the same time.

Dragoon and elephant


Drawing on a matchbox. Spain 1870