In the West, they discovered the genetic code of the Russians and shuddered. American geneticists have established that Russians and Ukrainians are not blood brothers. So who are we closer to?
By nature, the genetic code of all people is structured in such a way that everyone has 23 pairs of chromosomes, which store all the hereditary information inherited from both parents.The formation of chromosomes occurs at the time of meiosis, when, in the process of crossing over, each randomly takes approximately half from the maternal chromosome and half from the paternal chromosome; which specific genes will be inherited from the mother and which from the father is not known, everything is decided by chance.
Only one male chromosome, Y, does not participate in this lottery; it is entirely passed from father to son like a relay baton. Let me clarify that women do not have this Y chromosome at all.
In each subsequent generation, mutations occur in certain areas of the Y chromosome, called loci, which will be transmitted to all subsequent generations through the male gender.
It was thanks to these mutations that it became possible to reconstruct the genera. There are only about 400 loci on the Y chromosome, but only about a hundred are used for comparative haplotype analysis and genera reconstruction.
In the so-called loci, or they are also called STR markers, there are from 7 to 42 tandem repeats, the overall pattern of which is unique for each person. After a certain number of generations, mutations occur and the number of tandem repeats changes up or down, and thus on the general tree it will be seen that the more mutations, the older the common ancestor for a group of haplotypes.
The haplogroups themselves do not carry genetic information, because Genetic information is located in autosomes - the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. You can see the distribution. Haplogroups are just markers of days gone by, at the dawn of the formation of modern peoples.
What haplogroups are most common among Russians?
Peoples | Human | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eastern, Western and Southern Slavs. |
|||||||||
| Russians(north) | 395 | 34 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 35 | 2 | 1 | |
| Russians(center) | 388 | 52 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 4 | 1 | |
| Russians(south) | 424 | 50 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 3 | |
| Russians (All Great Russians) | 1207 | 47 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 20 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Belarusians | 574 | 52 | 10 | 3 | 16 | 10 | 3 | Russians, Slavs, Indo-Europeans and haplogroups R1a, R1b, N1c, I1 and I2In ancient times, about 8-9 thousand years ago, there was a linguistic group that laid the foundation for the Indo-European family of languages (at the initial stage, most likely these were haplogroups R1a and R1b). The Indo-European family includes such linguistic groups as the Indo-Iranians (South Asia), the Slavs and Balts (Eastern Europe), the Celts (Western Europe), and the Germans (Central, Northern Europe).Perhaps they also had common genetic ancestors, which about 7 thousand years ago, due to migrations, ended up in different parts of Eurasia, some went to the south and east (R1a-Z93), laying the foundation for the Indo-Iranian peoples and languages (largely taking part in the ethnogenesis of the Turkic peoples), and some remained on the territory of Europe and marked the beginning of the formation of many European peoples (R1b-L51), including the Slavs and Russians in particular (R1a-Z283, R1b-L51). At different stages of formation, already in ancient times there were intersections of migration flows, which was the reason for the presence of a large number of haplogroups among all European ethnic groups. Slavic languages emerged from the once unified group of Balto-Slavic languages (presumably the archaeological culture of the Late Corded Ware). According to the calculations of linguist Starostin, this happened approximately 3.3 thousand years ago. Period from the 5th century BC to IV-V century AD can be considered conditionally Proto-Slavic, because The Balts and Slavs had already separated, but the Slavs themselves did not yet exist; they would appear a little later, in the 4th-6th centuries AD. At the initial stage of the formation of the Slavs, probably about 80% were haplogroups R1a-Z280 and I2a-M423. At the initial stage of the formation of the Balts, probably about 80% were haplogroups N1c-L1025 and R1a-Z92. The influence and intersection of migrations of the Balts and Slavs was present from the very beginning, therefore in many ways this division is arbitrary, and in general reflects only the main trend, without details. Iranian languages belong to the Indo-European languages, and their dating is as follows - the most ancient, from the 2nd millennium BC. to the 4th century BC, middle - from the 4th century BC. to the 9th century AD, and the new one - from the 9th century AD. Until now. That is, the most ancient Iranian languages appeared after the departure of some of the tribes who spoke Indo-European languages from Central Asia to India and Iran. Their main haplogroups were probably R1a-Z93, J2a, G2a3. The Western Iranian group of languages appeared later, around the 5th century BC. Thus, the Indo-Aryans, Celts, Germans and Slavs in academic science became Indo-Europeans, this term is the most adequate for such a vast and diverse group. This is completely correct. In the genetic aspect, the heterogeneity of Indo-Europeans both in Y-haplogroups and autosomes is striking. Indo-Iranians are characterized to a greater extent by the Western Asian genetic influence of BMAC. According to the Indian Vedas, it was the Indo-Aryans who came to India (South Asia) from the north (from Central Asia), and it was their hymns and tales that formed the basis of the Indian Vedas. And, continuing further, let’s touch on linguistics, because the Russian language (and related Baltic languages, for example, Lithuanian as part of the once existing Balto-Slavic linguistic community) is relatively close to Sanskrit along with the Celtic, Germanic and other languages of the large Indo-European family . But genetically, the Indo-Aryans were already largely Western Asians; as they approached India, the Veddoid influence also intensified. So it became clear that haplogroup R1a in DNA genealogy - this is a common haplogroup for part of the Slavs, part of the Turks and part of the Indo-Aryans (since naturally there were representatives of other haplogroups among them), part haplogroup R1a1 during migrations along the Russian Plain they became part of the Finno-Ugric peoples, for example the Mordovians (Erzya and Moksha). Part of the tribes (for haplogroup R1a1 this is subclade Z93) during migrations they brought this Indo-European language to India and Iran approximately 3500 years ago, that is, in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. In India, through the works of the great Panini, it was transformed into Sanskrit in the middle of the 1st millennium BC, and in Persia-Iran, the Aryan languages became the basis of a group of Iranian languages, the oldest of which date back to the 2nd millennium BC. These data are confirmed: and linguistics here correlate with each other. Extensive part haplogroups R1a1-Z93 in ancient times they merged with the Turkic ethnic groups and today largely mark the migrations of the Turks, which is not surprising in view of the antiquity haplogroup R1a1, while representatives haplogroup R1a1-Z280 belonged to the Finno-Ugric tribes, but when the Slavic colonists settled, many of them were assimilated by the Slavs, but even now, among many peoples, such as the Erzya, the dominant haplogroup is still R1a1-Z280. Was able to provide us with all this new data DNA genealogy, in particular, approximate dates of migrations of haplogroup carriers in the territory of the modern Russian Plain and Central Asia in prehistoric times. So scientists to all Slavs, Celts, Germans, etc. gave the name Indo-Europeans, which is true from a linguistic point of view. Where did these Indo-Europeans come from? In fact, there were Indo-European languages long before the migrations to India and Iran, throughout the Russian Plain and as far as the Balkans in the south, and as far as the Pyrenees in the west. Subsequently, the language was spread to South Asia - both to Iran and India. But in genetic terms there are much fewer correlations. “The only justified and currently accepted in science is the use of the term “Aryans” only in relation to tribes and peoples who spoke Indo-Iranian languages.” So in which direction did the Indo-European flow go - to the west, to Europe, or vice versa, to the east? According to some estimates, the Indo-European language family is about 8,500 years old. The ancestral home of the Indo-Europeans has not yet been determined, but according to one version it could be the Black Sea region - southern or northern. In India, as we already know, the Indo-Aryan language was brought about 3500 years ago, presumably from the territory of Central Asia, and the Aryans themselves were a group with different genetic Y-lines, such as R1a1-L657, G2a, J2a, J2b, H, etc. Haplogroup R1a1 in Western and Southern EuropeAnalysis of 67 marker haplotypes haplogroup R1a1 from all European countries made it possible to determine the approximate route of migration of the ancestors of R1a1 in the direction of Western Europe. And calculations showed that throughout almost all of Europe, from Iceland in the north to Greece in the south, haplogroup R1a1 had one common ancestor approximately 7000 years ago!In other words, the descendants, like a baton, passed on their haplotypes to their own descendants from generation to generation, diverging in the process of migrations from the same historical place - which presumably turned out to be the Urals or the Black Sea lowland. On the modern map these are countries mainly of Eastern and Central Europe - Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia. But the range of more ancient haplotypes of the haplogroup R1a1 leads east - to Siberia. And the lifetime of the first ancestor, which is indicated by the most ancient, most mutated haplotypes, is 7.5 thousand years ago. In those days there were no Slavs, no Germans, no Celts. Central and Eastern EuropePoland, the common ancestor of R1a1 lived about 5000 years ago (mainly the subclade R1a1-M458 and Z280). For Russian-Ukrainian - 4500 years ago, which practically coincides within the accuracy of calculations.And even if four generations are not a difference for such periods. In modern Poland haplogroup R1a1 on average 56%, and in some areas up to 62%. The rest are mainly Western European haplogroup R1b(12%), Scandinavian haplogroup I1(17%) and Baltic haplogroup N1c1 (8%). In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, a common Proto-Slavic ancestor lived 4,200 years ago. The total is not much less than that of the Russians and Ukrainians. That is, we are talking about settlement in the territories of modern Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia - all within literally a few generations, but more than four thousand years ago. In archaeology, such dating accuracy is completely unthinkable. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia descendants haplogroup R1a1 about 40%. The rest have mostly Western European R1b(22-28%), Scandinavian I1 and Balkan haplogroup I2a(18% in total) In the territory of modern Hungary, the common ancestor of R1a1 lived 5000 years ago. There are now up to a quarter of the descendants of haplogroup R1a1. The rest have mainly the Western European haplogroup R1b (20%) and the combined Scandinavian I1 and Balkan I2 (total 26%) haplogroups. Considering that Hungarians speak the language of the Finno-Ugric group of languages, the most common haplogroup of which is N1c1 in the ancient Hungarian rich burials of the Magyars, the remains of men with the haplogroup are mainly found N1c1, who were the first leaders of the tribes who participated in the formation of the empire. In Lithuania and Latvia, the common ancestor is reconstructed to a depth of 4800 years. Today there are mainly subclade Z92, Z280 and M458. The most common among Lithuanians is the Baltic haplogroup N1c1, reaching 47%. In general, Lithuania and Latvia are characterized by the South Baltic subclade L1025 of haplogroup N1c1. In general, the situation is clear. I will only add that in European countries - Iceland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, Belgium, Lithuania, France, Italy, Romania, Albania, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Spain, Greece, Bulgaria, Moldova - the common ancestor lived 5000-5500 years ago , it is impossible to establish more precisely. This is a common ancestor haplogroup R1a for all listed countries. The pan-European ancestor, so to speak, not counting the Balkan region shown above, the possible ancestral home of the Indo-Europeans about 7500 years ago. Share of carriers haplogroup R1a1 in the following countries varies, from 4% in Holland and Italy, 9% in Albania, 8-11% in Greece (up to 14% in Thessaloniki), 12-15% in Bulgaria and Herzegovina, 14-17% in Denmark and Serbia, 15-25% in Bosnia and Macedonia, 3% in Switzerland, 20% in Romania and Hungary, 23% in Iceland, 22-39% in Moldova, 29-34% in Croatia, 30-37% in Slovenia (16% in in the Balkans as a whole), and at the same time - 32-37% in Estonia, 34-38% in Lithuania, 41% in Latvia, 40% in Belarus, 45-54% in Ukraine. In Russia, Eastern European haplogroup R1a, as I already mentioned, on average 47%, due to the high share of the Baltic haplogroup N1c1 in the north and north-west of Russia, but in the south and center of Russia the share of different subclades reaches 55%. Turks and haplogroup R1a1The haplotypes of ancestors are different everywhere, and different regions have their own subclades. The peoples of Altai and other Turks also have high percentages of haplogroup R1a1; among the Bashkirs, subclade Z2123 reaches 40%. This is a daughter line from Z93 and can be called typically Turkic and not related to the migrations of Indo-Iranians.Today a large number haplogroup R1a1 located in the Sayan-Altai region, among the Turkic population of Central Asia. Among the Kyrgyz, reaching 63%. You can’t call them either Russians or Iranians. It turns out to name all haplogroup R1a1 a single name - gross exaggeration, at least, and at most - ignorance. Haplogroups are not ethnic groups; the linguistic and ethnic affiliation of the carrier is not recorded on them. Haplogroups also have no direct relationship to genes. The Turks are mainly characterized by various subclades Z93, but in the Volga region there are also R1a1-Z280, possibly passed on to the Volga Turks from the Volga Finns. Haplogroup R1a1-Z93 is also characteristic of Arabs in moderate frequency, and for Levites - a subgroup of Ashkenazi Jews (the latter have been confirmed to have the CTS6 subclade). This line already at the very early stages took part in the ethnogenesis of these peoples. Territory of initial distribution haplogroup R1a1 in Europe, this is probably the territory of Eastern Europe and possibly the Black Sea lowland. Before this, probably in Asia, possibly in South Asia or Northern China. Caucasian R1a1 haplotypesArmenia. Age of the common ancestor of the haplogroup R1a1- 6500 years ago. Mainly also the subclade R1a1-Z93, although there is also R1a1-Z282.Asia Minor, Anatolian Peninsula. A historic crossroads between the Middle East, Europe and Asia. It was the first or second candidate for an "Indo-European ancestral home." However, a common ancestor lived there about 6,500 years ago. It is clear that, judging by the haplotypes, this ancestral home could practically be in Anatolia, or the original Indo-Europeans were carriers haplogroup R1b. But there is a high probability of low representation of individuals from Turkey in the general database of haplotypes. So, both Armenians and Anatolians all have either the same ancestor, or ancestors very close in time, within several generations - this is the subclade Z93 and Z282 *. It should be noted that 4500 years before the common ancestor of the R1a1-Z93 haplogroup in Anatolia is in good agreement with the time of the appearance of the Hittites in Asia Minor in the last quarter of the 3rd millennium BC, although many R1a1-Z93 lineages could have appeared there after the migrations of Turkic peoples to the peninsula already in our era.
Alexey Zorrin
*** | |
American geneticists found that four and a half thousand years ago, on the Central Russian Plain, a boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which scientists assigned the genetic classification R1a1.
The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 emerged.
The mutation turned out to be very viable. The genus R1a1, which was started by this same boy, survived and multiplied over a vast area. Currently, holders of haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%.
R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is “Russianness” from a genetic point of view.
So, having emerged 4,500 years ago on the Central Russian plain, the Russian people quickly multiplied and began to expand their habitat.
4000 years ago, our ancestors went to the Urals and created Arkaim and a “civilization of cities” there with many copper mines and international connections all the way to Crete (chemical analysis of some of the products found there shows that the copper is Ural).
They looked then exactly the same as we do now; the ancient Rus did not have any Mongoloid or other non-Russian features. Scientists have recreated the appearance of a young woman from the “civilization of cities” from bone remains - the result is a typical Russian beauty, millions of the same live in our time in the Russian outback.
Another 500 years later, three and a half thousand years ago, haplogroup R1a1 appeared in India. The history of the Russians’ arrival in India is known better than other vicissitudes of the territorial expansion of our ancestors thanks to the ancient Indian epic, in which its circumstances are described in sufficient detail. But there is other evidence of this epic, including archaeological and linguistic.
According to a huge amount of data accumulated by linguistics, comparative analysis of languages, the ancient Rus, newcomers from the north to India and Iran, knew snow, cold weather, they were familiar with birch, ash, beech, wolves, bears, horses.
It is known that the ancient Rus were called Aryans at that time - this is how they are recorded in Indian texts. It is also known that it was not the local Hindus who gave them this name, but that it was a self-name. Convincing evidence of this has been preserved in hydronymy and toponymy - the Ariyka River, the villages of Upper Ariy and Lower Ariy in the Perm region, in the very heart of the Ural civilization of cities, etc.
The first monument of the Indian epic, which talks about the appearance of the Aryans, was formalized in writing four hundred years later, in the 11th century BC, and in the 3rd century BC, the ancient Indian literary language Sanskrit, surprisingly similar to the modern Russian language, was formed in its completed form.
Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the upper castes there are almost half of them - 47%, which indicates the active participation of the Aryans in the formation of the Indian aristocracy (the second half of the men of the upper castes are represented by local tribes, mainly Dravidian).
Unfortunately, information on the ethnogenetics of the Iranian population is not yet available, but the scientific community is unanimous in its opinion about the Aryan (that is, Russian) roots of ancient Iranian civilization. The ancient name of Iran is Arian, and the Persian kings loved to emphasize their Aryan origin, as eloquently evidenced, in particular, by the popular name Darius. This means that there were Russians there in ancient times.
Another wave of representatives of the R1a1 genus went south and reached the Arabian Peninsula, the Gulf of Oman, where Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates are now located. The Arabs there, having received the results of DNA testing, look with amazement at the testing certificate with the haplotype and haplogroup R1a1.
And these certificates determine the boundaries of the area of the campaigns of the ancient Aryans. The calculations below show that the times of these campaigns in Arabia are 4 thousand years ago.
Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic home not only to the east, to the Urals, and to the south, to India and Iran, but also to the west, to where European countries are now located.
In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, holders of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England the least is 3%.
Unfortunately, there is no ethnogenetic information on the European patrimonial aristocracy yet, and therefore it is impossible to determine whether the share of ethnic Russians is evenly distributed across all social strata of the population or, as in India and, presumably, Iran, the Aryans made up the nobility in the lands where they came .
The only reliable evidence in favor of the latter version was a by-product of a genetic examination to establish the authenticity of the remains of the family of Nicholas II.
The Y chromosomes of the king and heir Alexei turned out to be identical to samples taken from their relatives from the English royal family.
This means that at least one royal house of Europe, namely the house of the German Hohenzollerns, of which the English Windsors are a branch, has Aryan roots.
However, Western Europeans (haplogroup R1b) in any case are our closest relatives, oddly enough, much closer than the Northern Slavs (haplogroup N) and the Southern Slavs (haplogroup I1b).
Our common ancestor with Western Europeans lived about 13 thousand years ago, at the end of the Ice Age, five thousand years before gathering began to develop into crop farming, and hunting into cattle breeding. That is, in the very gray Stone Age antiquity. And the Slavs are even further from us in blood.
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further to the north, and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became a biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group, Indo-European.
These are almost all European languages, some languages of modern Iran and India and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for the obvious reason - in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian language) they stand next to the original source, the Aryan proto-language , from which all other Indo-European languages grew.
The above are irrefutable natural scientific facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Disputing them is the same as disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply kept silent. They are hushed up unanimously and stubbornly, they are hushed up, one might say, completely. And there are reasons for this.
The first such reason is quite trivial and boils down to scientific false solidarity. Too many theories, concepts and scientific reputations will have to be refuted if they are revised in the light of the latest discoveries of ethnogenetics.
For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population.
But they are not there! Solid R1a1 and nothing more, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what is commonly thought of it; if the Mongols were present there, it was in statistically insignificant numbers, and who was called “Tatars” is generally unclear. Well, which scientist will refute scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
No one wants to spoil relationships with colleagues and be branded an extremist by destroying established myths. In an academic environment, this happens all the time - if the facts do not correspond to the theory, so much the worse for the facts.
The second reason, incomparably more significant, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of Russians as barbarians who had recently climbed down from the trees, backward by nature and incapable of creative work.
And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the same Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and Europe itself. That Europeans owe a lot to Russians for their prosperous lives, starting with the languages they speak.
It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. And so on.
It is no coincidence that behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges.
Manifesting itself with iron inevitability due to the fact that it grew on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which remains unchanged for four and a half millennia.
It is very important to know this and, through the prism of knowledge, to evaluate current events, words and actions of people, to determine one’s own place in the history of the great biosocial phenomenon called the “Russian nation.”
Knowledge of the history of a people obliges a person to try to be at the level of the great achievements of his ancestors, and this is the most terrible thing for the enemies of the Russian nation. That's why they try to hide this knowledge. And we will try to make it publicly available.
"The genetic code of the Russian person" - Boris Karlov http://community.livejournal.com/ru_politics/34385021.html
Reviews
Thank you, Sergey, for a very interesting publication.
Lydia Lyubomirskaya has an equally interesting publication in her diary on stichera.
And it is interesting because it describes in detail the settlement of peoples by blood, the signs of which you use.
And all this was in the memory of our people and scientifically confirmed.
Classified secret
The scientific data below is a terrible secret. Formally, this data is not classified, since it was obtained by American scientists outside the field of defense research, and was even published in some places, but the conspiracy of silence organized around it is unprecedented.
What is this terrible secret, the mention of which is a worldwide taboo? This is the secret of the origin and historical path of the Russian people.
Agnation.
Why information is hidden - more on that later. First, briefly about the essence of the discovery of American geneticists.
There are 46 chromosomes in human DNA, half of which he inherits from his father, half from his mother. Of the 23 chromosomes received from the father, only one - the male Y chromosome - contains a set of nucleotides that is passed on from generation to generation without any changes for thousands of years. Geneticists call this set a haplogroup. Every man living now has in his DNA exactly the same haplogroup as his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather, etc. for many generations.
Thus, American scientists found that one such mutation occurred 4,500 years ago on the Central Russian Plain. A boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which they assigned the genetic classification R1a1. The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 emerged.
The mutation turned out to be very viable. The R1a1 genus, which was started by this same boy, survived, unlike millions of other genera that disappeared when their genealogical lines were cut off, and multiplied over a vast area. Currently, holders of haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%. R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is “Russianness” from a genetic point of view.
Thus, the Russian people in a genetically modern form were born in the European part of present-day Russia about 4,500 years ago. A boy with the R1a1 mutation became the direct ancestor of all men now living on earth whose DNA contains this haplogroup. All of them are his biological or, as they used to say, blood descendants and among themselves - blood relatives, together making up a single people - the Russians.
Realizing this, American geneticists, with the enthusiasm inherent in all emigrants in questions of origin, began to wander around the world, take tests from people and look for biological “roots”, their own and others. What they accomplished is of great interest to us, since it sheds true light on the historical paths of our Russian people and destroys many established myths.
Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the upper castes there are almost half of them - 47%
Our ancestors migrated from their ethnic home not only to the east (to the Urals) and south (to India and Iran), but also to the west - to where European countries are now located. In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, holders of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England - the least (3%).
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further to the north; and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became a biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group - Indo-European. These are almost all European languages, some languages of modern Iran and India and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for the obvious reason: in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian language) they stand next to the original source - Aryan the proto-language from which all other Indo-European languages grew.
“It’s impossible to dispute. You need to shut up"
The above are irrefutable natural scientific facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Disputing them is the same as disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply kept silent. They are hushed up unanimously and stubbornly, they are hushed up, one might say, completely. And there are reasons for this.
For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population. But they are not there! Solid R1a1 - and nothing more, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what is commonly thought of it: if the Mongols were present there, then in statistically insignificant numbers, and it is generally unclear who was called “Tatars”. Well, which scientist will refute scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
The second reason, incomparably more significant, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of Russians as barbarians who had recently climbed down from the trees, naturally backward and incapable of creative work. And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the same Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and in Europe itself! That Europeans owe a lot to Russians for their prosperous lives, starting with the languages they speak. It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. Etc.
Great historical tradition.
It is no coincidence, because behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges. Manifesting itself with iron inevitability due to the fact that it grew on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which remains unchanged for four and a half millennia.
Western politicians and ideologists have a lot to think about in order to make their policy towards Russia more adequate in the light of the historical circumstances discovered by geneticists. But they don’t want to think or change anything, hence the conspiracy of silence around the Russian-Aryan topic.
The collapse of the myth about the Russian people.
The collapse of the myth of the Russian people as an ethnic mixture automatically destroys another myth - the myth of the multinationality of Russia. Until now, they have tried to present the ethno-demographic structure of our country as a vinaigrette from the Russian “you won’t understand what the mixture is” and many indigenous peoples and newcomer diasporas. With such a structure, all its components are approximately equal in size, so Russia is supposedly “multinational.”
But genetic studies provide a completely different picture. If you believe the Americans (and there is no reason not to believe them: they are authoritative scientists, they value their reputation, and they have no reason to lie in such a pro-Russian way), then it turns out that 70% of the entire male population of Russia are purebred Russians. According to the data of the penultimate census (the results of the latter are still unknown), 80% of respondents consider themselves Russian, i.e. 10% more are Russified representatives of other nations (it is in these 10%, if you “scratch”, that you will find non-Russian roots). And 20% falls on the remaining 170-odd peoples, nationalities and tribes living on the territory of the Russian Federation. Total: Russia is a mono-ethnic country, albeit multi-ethnic, with an overwhelming demographic majority of natural Russians. This is where Jan Hus' logic comes into play.
About backwardness.
Next - about backwardness. The clergy thoroughly contributed to this myth: they say that before the baptism of Rus', people lived in complete savagery. Wow, “wildness”! They mastered half the world, built great civilizations, taught the aborigines their language, and all this long before the birth of Christ... Real history does not fit in, it does not fit in with its church version. There is something primordial, natural in the Russian people that cannot be reduced to religious life.
In the north-east of Europe, in addition to the Russians, many peoples lived and still live, but none of them created anything even remotely similar to the great Russian civilization. The same applies to other places of civilizational activity of the Russian-Aryans in ancient times. Natural conditions are different everywhere, and the ethnic environment is different, therefore the civilizations built by our ancestors are not the same, but there is something common to all of them: they are great on the historical scale of values and far surpass the achievements of their neighbors.
American geneticists Harvard University For several decades, detailed studies have been carried out on the inhabitants of Europe, Asia, America, Oceania and Africa for differences in heredity among people of different races and nations that inhabit our planet.
Scientists were able to find out that all people on earth are divided into 22 clans, which trace their origins to a common ancestor at the base of the clan. Naturally, there were initially much more genera, but only these 22 genera survived in the process of evolution. This was done thanks to the analysis of the male Y chromosome and the mutations that have occurred in it over many millennia. Each person carries within himself a kind of “biological document” that cannot be lost - this is human DNA. DNA genealogy methods allow you to gain access to that part of DNA that is passed unchanged from father to son through the direct male line - the Y chromosome.
Lives in Europe 4 main genera, which are also called haplogroups:
1)R1b - Western European
2)R1a - Eastern European or Eurasian
3)I - Old European (divided into I1-Scandinavian and I2-Balkan)
4)N - Balto-Finnish or Finno-Ugric
Based on these studies, Ukrainians are predominantly characterized by the R1a genus, which is found in more than 55% of the population, and in some areas reaches 80% of the people living there. In the northern, originally Russian (Russian) regions (Novgorod, Pskov, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk, Kirov regions) the percentage of this genus does not exceed 30-35%. In these regions of Russia, two other genera are common - N (Balto-Finnish) and I1 (Scandinavian). Only in some southern Russian regions does the R1a genus occur with a frequency of 50-55%.
The R1a genus is predominantly characteristic of steppe peoples and their descendants (among Western Europeans it is extremely rare and does not exceed 3-8%). Among Europeans, in addition to Russians, this genus is widespread among Poles (about 57%), Ukrainians (more than 55%), Belarusians (about 50%), Czechs (more than 35%), and Hungarians (about 25%). Among some Asian peoples, the R1a genus is dominant - among the Pashtuns of Afghanistan (70%) and the Balochis of Pakistan (70%), the Punjabis of Pakistan and India (80%), the Tajiks and Kyrgyz (about 70%), the Nogais, Bashkirs and Kazan Tatars (from 40 to 50%), Altaians - 47%, Kazakhs and Uzbeks - approximately 30%, Crimean Tatars - 33%. Of the already non-existent peoples, haploggroup R1a was the main one among the Khazars, Scythians and Sarmatians. This was shown by genetic samples taken at their burial sites.
How are things going with the Slavs and Balts in general? From which genera do they predominantly come?
1. Poles - 57% R1A, 16% R1b (Western European), 7% I1 (Scandinavian), 10% I2, 5% N
2. Ukrainians - 55% R1a, 2% R1b, 15% I2, 4% I1, 5-10% N, 8% E (African), 7% J (Semitic)
3. Belarusians - 50% R1a, 10% R1b, 3% I1, 16% I2, 10% N (Finno-Ugric)
4. Russians (all) - 47% R1a, 8% R1b, 18% I1+I2, 20% N
5. Slovaks - 47% R1a, 17% R1b, 17% I1+I2 (in total), 10% E, 3-5% N
6. Czechs - 38% R1a, 19% R1b, 19% I2+I1, 8% E, 6% J
7. Slovenes - 37% R1a, 21% R1b, 12% I1, 20% I2, 7% E, 3% J
8. Croats - 37% R1a, 16% R1b, 32% I2, 6% I1, 6% E, 6% J
9. Serbs 20% R1a, 11% R1b, 30% I2 (Balkan), 20% E, 6% J
10.Bulgarians 20% R1a, 20% R1b, 20% I2, 20% E, 11% J
11.Bosnian Croats - about 75% I2 (Balkan)
12. Russians (north) - 35% R1a, 5% R1b, 35% N (Finno-Ugric), 15% I1 (Scandinavian)
13. Russians (center) - 45% R1a, 8% R1b, 5% I1, 10% I2, 15% N, 5% E
14. Russians (south) - 55% R1a, 5% R1b, 15% I2 (Balkan), 5% I1 (Scandinavian), 5-10% N
15. Latvians - 40% R1a, 40% N, 11% R1b, 7-8% I1+I2
16. Lithuanians -38% R1a, 45% N, 5% R1b, 10% I1+I2
17.Estonians -35% R1a, 9% R1b, 33% N, 18% I1
18. Norwegians - 28% R1a, 28% R1b, 34% I1, 5% N, 1% I2
19. Swedes - 20% R1a, 22% R1b, 35% I1, 11% N, 4% I2
20. Finns - 8% R1a, 4% R1b, 59% N, 28% I1, 1% I2
It is also interesting to note that the Rurik family, the founders of Ancient Rus', turned out to be Balto-Finnish or Finno-Ugric in origin (genus N). The American study was based on DNA analysis of several dozen descendants of this glorious princely family. 
