The main features of the bureaucracy of the county town. City officials NN (based on the poem H

"The Government Inspector" is a comedy that every schoolchild, as well as an adult, is familiar with. According to Gogol, he wanted to collect in this work "everything bad" that was happening in Russia at that time. The author wanted to show what kind of injustice reigns in those places where justice is most needed. The characterization of the characters will help to fully understand the theme of the comedy. The Inspector General is a comedy that showed the true face of bureaucracy in the early 19th century.

The main idea of ​​the "Inspector". What did the author want to show?

It is the characterization of the characters that will help to understand the main idea and idea of ​​​​the work. The Inspector General reflects the bureaucracy of that time, and each hero of the work helps the reader understand what the author wanted to say with this comedy.

It must be said that every action that takes place in the comedy reflects the entire administrative-bureaucratic system. The image of officials in the comedy "The Inspector General" clearly shows the readers of the 21st century the true face of the bureaucracy of that time. Gogol wanted to show what was always carefully hidden from society.

The history of the creation of the "Inspector"

It is known that Gogol began working on the play in 1835. There are several versions about what was the reason for writing the "Inspector". However, it is worth noting that the version that the plot of the future comedy was suggested to the author by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is considered traditional. There is confirmation of this, which was found in the memoirs of Vladimir Sollogub. He wrote that Pushkin met Gogol, after which he told him about the incident that occurred in the city of Ustyuzhna: some passerby, an unknown gentleman, robbed all the inhabitants, posing as a ministry official.

Pushkin's participation in the creation of comedy

There is another version, also based on the words of Sollogub, which suggests that Pushkin himself was once mistaken for an official when he was in Nizhny Novgorod in order to collect materials about the Pugachev rebellion.

While writing the play, Gogol communicated with Pushkin and informed him about the progress of work on The Inspector General. It is worth noting that the author several times tried to quit working on the comedy, and it was Alexander Sergeevich who insisted that Gogol finish the work.

The image of officials in the comedy "The Government Inspector" reflects the bureaucracy of that time. It is worth saying that the story underlying the work reveals the whole essence of the administrative-bureaucratic system of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century.

The image of the main characters in the comedy "The Government Inspector". Table of officials

In order to understand the main idea and theme of the work, it is necessary to understand the images of the main characters in the comedy. All of them reflect the bureaucracy of that time and show the reader what injustice reigned where justice should have been first of all.

The main characters of the comedy "The Government Inspector". Table of officials. A brief description of.

The image of officials in the comedy "The Government Inspector" shows what kind of injustice prevailed at that time. It would seem that there should be justice and honesty in courts, hospitals and other institutions, but the images of officials in Gogol's work clearly show that at the beginning of the 19th century things were completely different throughout Russia.

The main idea of ​​the comedy "The Government Inspector". Theme of the work

Gogol said that in his work he wanted to collect all the "stupidity" that was observed at that time. The theme of the play is to ridicule human vices: hypocrisy, fraud, self-interest, etc. The image of officials in the comedy "The Government Inspector" is a reflection of the true essence of officials. The author of the work wanted to convey that they were unfair, dishonest and stupid. The bureaucracy had absolutely nothing to do with ordinary people.

The comedy of the "Inspector"

The comicality of the work lies in the fact that instead of the auditor, whom everyone in the city was afraid of, an ordinary person arrived who deceived all the officials.

The Inspector General is a comedy that shows the true face of Russian officials in the early 19th century. The author wanted to show that they were so unfair, miserable and stupid that they could not distinguish an ordinary person from a real auditor.

Before going to the landlords, Chichikov spent some time in the city of NN. Here he happened to meet the officials and learn about their way of life. N.V. Gogol called his poem "Dead Souls" not because Chichikov wanted to pull off a scam to buy up "dead" peasant souls. This name is due to the fact that the writer wanted to draw attention to the landlords and officials, whose souls had long since died.

Officials in the city are presented as a selection. That the governor, that the prosecutor - they are all spiritually impersonal people. Chichikov, when he turned to the officials, immediately learned that in order to get something from them, you need to pay a bribe. Otherwise, there is nothing to hope for. Officials should help people, this is their main duty. However, this is not important for them, they do not care about people, they only think about personal gain.

The wives of officials do not work anywhere, and do not do anything at all. They think only about having a good time, and their husbands fully support them in this. Chichikov was even in one house where officials gathered. They played cards from three in the afternoon until two in the morning. That's what people do, whose duty is to help people and resolve serious issues.

They do not develop in any way, and apart from card games they are not interested in anything. They, like the landlords, have long been impoverished in soul. Other people's problems are alien to them, they have "dead souls". Officials do not hesitate to rob not only the population, but also the state. They feel their impunity and this situation is reminiscent of our country now. Therefore, Gogol's work is more relevant than ever.

N.V. Gogol in the comedy The Inspector General outlined a panorama of the life and customs of provincial Russia in the 1930s. 19th century. The county town N is presented as a kingdom of hypocrisy, deceit, pettiness of interests, pride, humiliated human dignity, prejudice and gossip. This is most clearly seen in the guise of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, the family of the mayor, merchants and philistinism. The laws of the life of the town are most clearly represented in the images of officials.

During the reign of Nicholas, the bureaucracy was characterized by lust for power, theft of state property, bribes, arrogance towards "little people". This is how we see officials in the comedy "The Government Inspector".

mayor

The main official in the comedy is the mayor - the smartest and most reasonable of all. He logically reflects on the reasons for the visit of the auditor. We see that with his life experience he is able to put in his place any fraudster. He does not shun bribes and often borrows money from the state treasury. With his subordinates, he is rude and arrogant, while with higher positions he is respectful and flattering. The rank of general becomes the main goal of his life.

Lyapkin-tyapkin

The speaking name of Lyapkin-Tyapkin immediately declares his efforts in the service and achievements in life. This is a judge who feels in himself the right to argue with the decisions of the mayor. The people around think of him as a highly educated person only because in his life he mastered 5 books. Such remarks emphasize the ignorance of the employees, the insignificant level of their education. He neglects his official duties, so there is never order in the court.

strawberries

The head of the hospital, Strawberry, is absolutely indifferent to his state affairs. The patients die one by one because the doctor hired by Strawberry doesn't understand a word of Russian. His thoughts about the significance of the hospital for the common people are frightening: if a person is destined to die, he will die with medicines, and if fate has prepared for him life, then he will live without pills. Reasoning in this way, he does not buy medicines at all. It is not difficult for him to complain about one of his associates. And this is the first thing he does when he considers Khlestakov to be an auditor.

Khlopov

Education is in charge of Luka Lukich Khlopov, an official who fears everything in the world, even louder than the usual sounding voice. Responsible for postal delivery, Shpekin adapted himself to open the letters of the townspeople and thus track all the secret movements of the city.

Khlestakov, who does not really belong to the circle of officials, becomes involved in the life of provincial officials by chance. He, a metropolitan employee, is so empty, frivolous, superficial that due to this it is very easy to merge into their society. Gogol shows by this that officials are the same throughout Russia.

It becomes scary that these are the people who govern Russia and establish laws. According to V.G. Belinsky, officials are "a corporation of official thieves and robbers."

"Officers of the city N" - page number 1/1

Lesson topic: “City officialsN»

The purpose of the lesson: to formulate “timely thoughts” and questions about the connection between the activities of officials and the prosperous life of the city, since the legal consciousness of schoolchildren, many of whom will solve the problems of municipal and state government after graduation, begins with the ability to “hear sadness through laughter” and with the desire to fight with everything "bad in Russia". Consider the images of officials in the play, draw up their characteristics; develop the skills of expressive reading, text analysis, acting skills; expand and deepen the concept of literary terms: "drama", "comedy", "satire", "composition", "elements of composition", be able to use them; develop the creative abilities of students.

Tasks:

educational: to form completeness, awareness, consistency, strength of knowledge, improve speech skills, the ability to conduct a conversation, teaching analytical reading

Developing: generate interest in the subject; motivation for further study of literature; develop monologue speech; to teach to analyze, highlight the main thing, compare, build analogies, generalize and systematize; develop memory, attention

Educational: foster a culture of communication; love for life, faith in the triumph of good beginnings.

Methods: explanatory and illustrative method (story with elements of conversation, slide show); problematic method; research

Pedagogical technologies: educational cooperation, technology of communicative mutual learning, discussion as a technology for the formation of UUD (written and oral ), information and communication technologies, research technologies, productive reading technology

Logistics and methodological support: computer, projector, screen, handout (a dictionary of literary terms, a dictionary of "difficult" words from Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector")

Literary terms: drama, comedy, satire, stage direction, exposition, plot, development of action, climax, denouement, oxymoron

vocabulary work: fear, incognito, arbitrariness, embezzlement, fraud.

Form UUD:

Personal UUD: the formation of legal culture and volitional qualities of schoolchildren based on the personality of N.V. Gogol and the study of the comedy "The Government Inspector"; cognitive interest in the work being studied (encourage children to independently analyze the images of officials)

Regulatory UUD: determine and formulate the goal in the lesson with the help of a teacher; plan your action in accordance with the task; the ability to self-assessment based on the criteria for the success of educational activities (reflection).

Communicative UUD: listen and understand the speech of others; to formulate their thoughts orally and in writing; agree with classmates together with the teacher about the rules of behavior and communication and follow them, the ability to work in a group.

Cognitive UUD: navigate in your knowledge system; analyze episodes; ability to work with text (find answers to questions in the text, illustrations); convert information from one form to another

Planned results:

Subject - creating conditions for studying the work of N.V. Gogol, acquaintance with comedy as a dramatic genre of literature; to teach to identify the idea and theme of the work, to read between the lines, to know the methods of analyzing a literary work;

Meta-subject - creating conditions for the formation of communicative and cultural competencies through understanding the topic, ideas and problems of the text, selecting arguments to confirm one's own position, highlighting cause-and-effect relationships in oral and written statements; to teach how to independently organize activities, working with different sources of information;

Personal - the formation of the spiritual and moral qualities of a person on the example of the characteristics of the characters of literary works, to educate the author's timeless, enduring moral values, goodwill in various communication situations laid down by the author in a literary work

In the "Inspector" I decided to collect in one

a bunch of everything bad in Russia, which I then knew ...

And laugh at everything at once...

Through laughter… the reader has heard sadness…

N.V. Gogol

They will laugh at my bitter word

N.V. Gogol

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment.

Students read democratic rules of communication in literature lessons

2. Updating knowledge

(Slide #1)teacher's word : On Sunday, April 19, 1836, at the Alexandrinsky Theater, for the first time, the original (that is, finally untranslatable) comedy in 5 acts “The Government Inspector” by Nikolai Gogol was given. The reader already knew the author.

Gogol left his house on Malaya Morskaya and went to the theater. His pale face was bright with intense eyes. It’s so scary if a comedy in which he decided to “collect into one heap everything bad in Russia that he knew then, all the injustices that are being done ... and at one time laugh at everything” will be taken for a funny trifle.

There are many acquaintances in the theater: V.A. Zhukovsky, to whom Gogol read The Inspector General in the palace, the poet Vyazemsky. Even the old man Krylov came. For him, the new Russian comedy is an event in which you cannot sit at home.

But Gogol bypasses everyone. The hall blinds him. A foreign audience is intimidating. What does she care about a county town and impoverished Russia? The boxes in the front rows of the stalls shine with the stars of the dignitaries and the jewels of the ladies.

In the royal box, Nicholas 1 with his heir. Only non-secular spectators are crowded in the gallery.

But here comes the curtain. Began! At first they laughed willingly. Comedy is funny. A completely different thing happened in act 4: laughter still flew from one end of the hall to the other, but it was some kind of timid laughter, which immediately disappeared; there was almost no applause at all; on the other hand, intense attention, convulsive, intensified following of all the shades of the play, sometimes dead silence showed that the action taking place on the stage passionately captured the hearts of the audience. At the end of the act, the former bewilderment was reborn into general indignation, which ended in the fifth act.

(Slide number 2) The tsar at the comedy performance laughed and applauded a lot, probably wanting to emphasize that the comedy is harmless and should not be taken seriously. However, left alone with his retinue, the king could not stand it and broke loose: “Well, a play! Everyone got it, but I got it the most!”

After the staging of the comedy The Inspector General on the St. Petersburg stage, the newspapers wrote: “The author invented some kind of Russia and some kind of city into which he dumped all the abominations that you occasionally find on the surface of real Russia: how much trickery, meanness, ignorance he has accumulated”

Students: High-ranking officials of St. Petersburg were offended, seeing in the play "an intolerable curse on the nobles, officials and merchants." Officials saw themselves in the play.

Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson :

(Slide number 3) Teacher: Remember which epigraph Gogol took for the comedy. When and why?

Student: The comedy opens with an epigraph-proverb. The epigraph to The Inspector General appeared only in 1842, i.e. six years after the release of The Inspector General. This proverb concluded Gogol's work on comedy. With an epigraph, Gogol also responded to criticism of the comedy. The writer claims that if the writer of the comedy managed to arouse disgust for the manners, characters and events depicted, then by doing so he showed his positive ideal. “Does not all this accumulation of baseness, deviation from laws and justice already make it clear what law, duty and justice require of us?” - wrote N.V. Gogol

Teacher: Who are these heroes that Gogol managed to arouse disgust?

Students: city ​​officials

(Slide number 4) Teacher: The theme of our lesson: "Officers of the city of N." Today we will mentally travel back to bureaucratic Russia of the 19th century, turn over the pages of Gogol's immortal comedy again, visit the county town N "to which you can’t jump for at least three years", make a trip through the unkempt streets of the city, repeat literary terms and do vocabulary work

Conversation with the class

Problem statement

Teacher: The epigraph to today's lesson will be the words of Gogol himself: “In The Inspector General, I decided to put together everything bad in Russia that I knew then ... and at one time laugh at everything ... Through laughter reader heard sadness... "And the words of the prophet Jeremiah, which were carved on the cross placed by Count Vorontsov on Gogol's grave:" Gorky by my word laugh»

Teacher:Find keywords in epigraphs.

Students: Laughter and sadness

Teacher: What is the name of such a rhetorical figure in literary criticism?

Students: Oxymoron

Vocabulary work:

An oxymoron isstylistic figure or stylistic mistake - a combination of words withopposite meaning (that is, a combination of incongruous).

What question are we going to answer today in class?

Students: What is Gogol laughing at and sad about?

Teacher: Let us finally turn to the play directly.

Repetition Conversation (Blitz Poll)

Teacher: Who gave N. Gogol the plot of this play?

Student: A.S. Pushkin: “Do yourself a favour, give some kind of plot, at least some funny or unfunny, but a purely Russian anecdote. The hand is trembling to write a comedy in the meantime,” Gogol wrote to Pushkin on October 7, 1835.

Teacher: In what year was the comedy written?

Student: N.V. Gogol wrote the comedy in 1836, but edited it until 1842.

Teacher: What type of literature is comedy?

Students: This is a dramatic

Teacher: Recall the main features of a dramatic work. Name them.

Students: The presence of a poster - a list of actors;

division into actions, scenes, phenomena,

dialogical form of the play, remarks,

a short period of time, the intensity of the conflict,

characters manifest themselves through monologues, dialogues and actions

Teacher: Define comedy

Students: Comedy is a genre artwork, characterized byhumorous or satirical approach

Teacher: What type of comic genre can the play be attributed to: a satirical comedy or a humorous comedy?

Student: comedy satire

Teacher: The Government Inspector is a satirical comedy. What is satire?

Students: Satire (lat. satira) - accusatory work depicting the negative phenomena of reality in a funny, ugly form.

Satire is a kind of comic, which differs from other types (humor, irony) by the sharpness of the denunciation.

Teacher: Fazil Iskander, a Russian prose writer and poet, gave the following definition of satire:

"Satire is offended love: for people, for the motherland or for humanity as a whole."

Gogol, a patriot of his country, rooted for his people, who found themselves under the rule of a whole army of officials. The characters in Gogol's comedy will not only make you laugh, but also cause disgust and indignation. It was laughter through tears, angry laughter through tears of bitterness and indignation.

Teacher: What is the composition of a work of art?

Students: Composition is the construction of a work of art.

Teacher: What are the elements of composition?

Students: plot, development of action, climax, denouement

Teacher: What are the features of the composition of the play.

Student: Mirror composition - it all started with a message about the arrival of the auditor and ended with this event. Two outcomes - a letter from Khlestakov and a message about the arrival of a real auditor

Teacher: What technique does the author use in a dramatic work to convey the emotional state of the hero?

Student? Using remarks

Teacher: What is a remark?

Teacher: Where does the comedy take place? Why doesn't the city have a name? What do we know about this city?

(Slide number 5) Pupils: The action of the comedy takes place in a small county town, the name of which Gogol does not give. Undefined location of the city. From where “even if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state” gives it a convention, allows you to reflect all the vices of Russia. That is why Khlestakov says about this city: “What a nasty little town!”

Teacher: We can judge the life of the city by the state of affairs in its institutions. About the life of which institutions of the city of N do we learn from the comedy?

Students: Gogol shows the courts, charitable institutions (hospitals), post office, law enforcement agencies.

Teacher: At the head of each institution are officials. Who are the officials and what is their role in the play?

(Slide number 6) Student: The protagonists of this comedy are the officials of the county town.

According to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov: “An official is a civil servant with a rank, official rank”

Teacher: You know that even Peter I drafted a document that determined the hierarchy of officials. Name this document. What class of the table of ranks corresponded to the ranks of our heroes.

Student: Table of ranks. Officials belonged to class 7,8,9

Teacher: What phrase opens the play? (Gentlemen...)

Teacher: Nemirovich-Danchenko noted: “There is one phrase in “The Inspector General” ... And the play has already begun. The plot is given and its main impulse is given - fear. Who is afraid of whom?

Students: Khlestakov - officials, officials - Khlestakov

Teacher: Indeed, officials are the culprits of all the events taking place in the city. We can judge the image of the city and the state of affairs in various institutions by the actions, behavior and spiritual qualities of those who manage and organize the life of the city in the early 19th century. In Gogol's comedy, we are presented with officials of all the main departments of the county town of the 19th century. Interestingly, the officials stick together throughout the comedy. Why do you think? What connects them?

Students: Common sins and fear of the auditor.

Teacher: They are separated only in the scenes of offering bribes to Khlestakov. Who are they, the officials of the city of N?

Work on the images of officials.

In preparation for today's lesson, you've done your own research and comedy characterizations.

On the board are illustrations of officials from the comedy "Inspector General". Read the characteristics of the character and find the owner. (Application)

Group studies:

Student:Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol gave in the comedy "The Inspector General" a broad picture of bureaucratic and bureaucratic rule in Russia in the 30s of the 19th century. The comedy also ridicules the everyday life of the inhabitants of a small county town: the insignificance of interests, hypocrisy and lies, swagger and the complete lack of human dignity, superstition and gossip. This is revealed in the images of the landowners Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, the wife and daughter of the mayor, merchants and bourgeois women. But most of all, its officials characterize the life and customs of this city.
Describing officials, N.V. Gogol showed massive abuses of power, embezzlement and bribery, arbitrariness and disdain for ordinary people.people. All these phenomena were characteristic, ingrained features of the bureaucracy of Nikolaev Russia. This is how civil servants appear before us in the comedy "The Government Inspector".
1 Group: "The image of the mayor"

Group 2: Strawberries and Lyapkin-Tyapkin. Comparative characteristics

3 Group: Postmaster Shpekin

4 Group: Luka Lukich Khlopov

(Slide number 7) What vices are the officials accused of? (write in notebook)

The trial of the mayor

Teacher: Officials in the cityN managed to avoid punishment for their sins. Today we will try to correct this injustice and analyze the case of at least one defendant at the court session, namely, Mr. Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, the mayor from the comedy. (Application)
Research work (Appendix)

Teacher: The students of the class conducted an election campaign and tried to find out: which of the officials can claim the role of mayor
Checking homework

Analysis of 4 action comedy
4. Knowledge control
Let's return to the question at the beginning of the lesson: What is Gogol laughing at and sad about?
(Slide number 8) And I would like to finish our lesson with the words of N.V. Gogol:

“I am sorry that no one noticed the honest face that was in my play.

Yes, there was one honest, noble face that acted in it throughout its entire duration. That honest, noble face was laughter.

(Slide number 9) Let's read Gogol's statements:

• 
  “Oh laughter, great work! Nothing is more fearful than laughter.
• 
  “... even the one who is no longer afraid of anything in the world is afraid of ridicule.”
• 
  “What are you laughing at? Laugh at yourself!"

Students: Laughter indicates shortcomings in the characters' characters; with the help of laughter at oneself, people can improve.

(Slide number 10) Teacher: N.V. Gogol hoped to shake the human heart to its foundations with laughter, so that, seeing itself in the mirror of satire, it would be horrified at what had become of it, and, horrified, would tremble, wishing for a different, better fate.

We recall what a lofty civic goal Gogol set when creating a comedy (to collect everything bad and laugh at everything at once). So, comedy is not slander, but a mirror. Do not blame him, do not reproach him for distorting, but take a closer look at his reflection. The epigraph sounds sharp and bold.

The meaning of comedy. Chernyshevsky: "Gogol was the first to introduce us to us in our present form, the first to teach us to know our shortcomings and to abhor them..."

But for almost 177 years, comedy has been living on theater stages. What does it give to the modern viewer, reader, besides the fact that we learn how it was?

Are there not in ourselves, around us, some features of the Khlestakovs, Gogol's ladies, the mayor, Strawberry, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Derzhimorda, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky?
Guys, everyone has flaws. We often notice them in other people, but, unfortunately, not in ourselves. We often laugh at others… And at ourselves?

How to make the world around us cleaner, kinder, more beautiful?

First of all, you must learn to laugh at yourself, look into yourself and see your shortcomings... Start changing the world from yourself...

Choice task:
Task number 1 Give a written answer to the question: “What is Gogol sad about?”

Task number 2 Test on the comedy "The Government Inspector"
5. Reflection:

Filling out the card "My achievements in the lesson"

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, loving Russia with all his heart, could not stand aside, seeing that she was mired in a swamp of corrupt officials, and therefore creates two works that reflect the entire reality of the state of the country. One of these works is the comedy The Inspector General, in which Gogol decided to laugh at what is "really worthy of ridicule of the universal." Gogol admitted that he was in The Government Inspector. decided to "collect into one heap all the bad things in Russia, all the injustices." In 1836, the comedy was staged on the St. Petersburg stage and was a huge success. Gogol's comedy, which touched upon all the living questions of our time, evoked the most contradictory responses. Reactionary circles feared the influence of comedy on public opinion. It had political meaning. The advanced circles perceived the "Inspector" as a formidable accusation of Nikolaev Russia. Gogol created a deeply truthful comedy, imbued with sharp humor, denouncing the bureaucratic system of integral Russia.
A small, provincial town, where arbitrariness reigns and there is not even a police order, where the authorities form a corporation of swindlers and robbers, is perceived as a symbol of the entire Nikolaev system.
The epigraph - “There is nothing to blame on the mirror if the face is crooked” - a generalizing, accusatory meaning of the “Inspector General”. The whole structure of the play made it clear that this is a provincial town, from which, as the mayor said, “even if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state”, there is only a part of a huge bureaucratic whole. The reactionaries shouted that the plot was implausible, considering it unrealistic that such a grated kalach as a mayor could mistake a squandered tavern dandy, “icicle”, “rag” for an auditor. But such cases were not uncommon. Pushkin was also mistaken for an auditor in Nizhny Novgorod. The development of the plot is based on the frightened psychology of officials. Khlestakov is taken for a high rank because he "does not pay and does not go." The mayor gives Khlestakov and rejoices that he managed to put a bribe, which means that Khlestakov is “his own”, that is, the same bribe-taker. The picture of general fraud, bribery and arbitrariness is visible through the remarks of officials (the sick are starved, the soldiers under uniforms do not have not only underwear, but even shirts, they drank and ate the money collected for the church. They decided to announce that the church was built, but it burned down). All officials are the offspring of an age-old bureaucratic system, none of them feel their civic duty, each is busy with his own insignificant interests, their spiritual and moral level is extremely low. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin does not look at the papers, because he cannot make out what is true and what is false. Years of red tape and bribes - such is the court in this city. The rogue and rogue Strawberry is also an informer, he informs the imaginary auditor on his colleagues. Denunciations under Nicholas 1 were in full swing. Khlopov, the superintendent of schools, is a frightened creature, he believed that stupid teachers are more useful, because they are harmless and will not allow free thought. In the background, merchants, artisans, policemen are visible - the whole district of Russia. The typicality of Gogol's characters is that there will be city governors and lords under any regime. In describing the characters, Gogol develops the traditions of Griboyedov and Pushkin. "Inspector" and now does not leave the stages of our theaters.
Another work that personifies Russia in Gogol's work is considered to be the poem "Dead Souls", which the author began to write in 1835 on Pushkin's insistent advice. The central character of the poem is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. In the character of this hero, the bourgeois beginning, which was not yet widespread in Russia, was clearly manifested. In Gogol's feelings for Chichikov, the attitude of the writer to Russia of that time is embedded. The question of where Russia is heading forces Chichikov to be immersed in comparative situations, to confront the hero with “dead souls”. Gogol built the poem on two levels. On the one hand - dead Russia, with its landowners and provincial officials of all ranks, on the other - the "Russia of the Chichikovs" that is coming to replace it. “Russia of the Chichikovs” in the poem is represented by one hero. With regard to Chichikov, Gogol, in order to more clearly illuminate the origin and life development of a new type, to comprehend his historical place, dwells in detail on the biography, character and psychology of the hero. He shows how his ability to adapt to any situation, to navigate in any situation has developed. The father gave young Chichikov advice: "You will do everything and break everything in the world with a penny." Chichikov's whole life has become a chain of fraudulent machinations and crimes. The new hero has advantages that local nobles and provincial society do not have. On his side is some education, energy, enterprise, and besides, the dexterity of the hero is extraordinary. Education helps him rub himself into confidence.
Chichikov prudently and patiently can wait for the right moment. Showing the superiority of his hero in front of society. Gogol, at the same time, showed all the vulgarity and meanness of his nature. Civil and
Patriotic feelings do not disturb Chichikov, with complete indifference he treats everything that meets his personal interests. Chichikov's adventures are connected with human misfortunes, he is interested in seeing as many serfs die as possible. The provincial society accepts the swindler and rogue Chichikov because they consider him a millionaire. The common thing that brings Chichikov and
Provincial society is the same trait: a thirst for profit. Provincial society is alien to the concept of civil and public duties, for them a position is only a means of personal pleasure and well-being, a source of income. Bribery, servility to higher ranks, a complete lack of intelligence reign in their midst. The bureaucracy rallied into a corporation of embezzlers and robbers. The city leaders are alien to the people. Gogol wrote in his diary about the provincial society: “The ideal of the city is emptiness. Gossip that has crossed the limits. Vulgarity and insignificance of interests also characterize women's society. Gossip, empty talk about city news, heated arguments about outfits are combined with pretensions to taste and education. The ladies strove to imitate the metropolitan society in the manner of speaking and dressing; they did not utter a single word without grimacing. Gogol condemns the society of the nobility, which slavishly copied foreign manners. Gogol's heroes do not carry a protest against the life that has constrained them, against the "amazing mire of trifles." They themselves, in essence, are the continuation and expression of this reality, reproduced in Dead Souls.
So, Gogol shows the world of social vices. But, as we understand, not only they excite the writer. Abuse of officials is most often ridiculous, insignificant and absurd. “You take it not according to your order” - that is what is considered a sin in this world. But it is the “vulgarity of everything as a whole”, and not the size of the criminal acts, that horrifies readers. “The amazing mire of trifles,” as Gogol writes in the poem, has swallowed up modern man. The denouement in The Inspector General and Dead Souls is tragic, because the illusory goals that the heroes strive for dissolve like smoke, like an obsession. Gogol's city is a symbolic, "prefabricated city of the entire dark side." And yet, there is a light phenomenon here. This is laughter. In my opinion, laughter should heal the soul.

Essay on literature on the topic: Officials of the city NN (based on the poem by N. V. Gogol “Dead Souls”)

Other writings:

1. Officials of the city N in N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" 1. The meaning of the title of the poem. 2. Landowners and peasants. 3. Chichikov and Plyushkin. 4. The relevance of the poem "Dead Souls" in our days. The poem “Dead Souls” is, first of all, the totality of all possible methods and means of struggle Read More ......
2. The Inspector General is one of the best works of N.V. Gogol. He said that in this comedy he decided "... to collect in one heap everything bad in Russia, which he then knew ... And at one time to laugh at everything ...". This is how the city N arose, which Read More ......
3. “All Rus' will appear in it,” N. V. Gogol himself wrote about his work. Sending his hero on the Road through Russia, the author seeks to show Everything that is characteristic of the Russian National character, everything that Forms the basis of Russian life, the history and Modernity of Russia, Read More ......
4. The whole city with all the whirlwind of gossip, the transformation of the idleness of the life of all mankind in the mass N. V. Gogol Read More ......
5. “Not a single writer has ever had this gift to expose the vulgarity of life so vividly, to be able to outline the vulgarity of a vulgar person in such force so that all that little thing that escapes the eye would flash big into everyone’s eyes,” Read More wrote about Gogol. .....
6. In N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" a panorama of Russia of the 30s of the XIX century is revealed to the reader, because the writer's intention was "to show at least from one side, but all of Rus'." It is this global idea that explains the genre originality of the work: the genre Read More ......
7. The plot of the poem was suggested to Gogol by Pushkin. Especially attracted Gogol's attention was the opportunity to show the whole of Russia with the help of a "road" plot, with its characteristic types, situations, characters. “What an original story! What a varied bunch! All Rus' will appear in it,” wrote Gogol. In the former Read More ......
8. N. V. Gogol entered literature as an unsurpassed master of laughter. Gogol's stories, his poem "Dead Souls" are simple in plot, transparent in disassembly of characters. But there is an unsolved and unresolved mystery of Gogol and the mystery of this laughter. N.V. Gogol laughs Read More ......