How to organize private tourist family excursions. Business from scratch: excursion bureau

* The calculations use average data for Russia

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

The goal of the project is to organize a tour bureau in Rostov-on-Don (brand “Donskoy Tourist”). Specialization - providing services for conducting excursions, adults and children, throughout Rostov-on-Don and the region. Customers can be both individuals and organizations, travel companies.

The basis for the implementation of the project is the growing popularity of domestic tourism in Russia against the backdrop of a decline in the general well-being of citizens and the blocking of popular international tourist routes.

The project is unlimited in time, the investment period is calculated for five years. The decision to invest is made on the basis of the integral indicators of the project (Table 1).

Table 1. Integral indicators of project effectiveness

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY AND INDUSTRY

The location and implementation of the project is Rostov-on-Don. The city is the capital of the Southern Federal District and the largest city in the South of Russia. The city's population is 1.1 million people; the population of the Rostov agglomeration is 2.16 million people. Rostov-on-Don was founded in 1749 and has rich cultural traditions; Rostov region is the center of the Cossacks; The capital of the Don Cossacks is Novocherkassk. In addition, various cultural and historical sites are located in the region: Taganrog, Azov, Starocherkassk, Veshenskaya and others.

The principle of the enterprise’s activity is the provision of services for conducting excursions in the territory of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov region.

Figure 1. Dynamics of key industry indicators in 2008-2014.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, despite fluctuations in the number of tourism companies, showing a downward trend in the number since 2011, industry revenue has been growing steadily. This is due to the development of domestic tourism throughout the country, and in the Rostov region in general.

The state program of the Rostov region “Development of Culture and Tourism” provides for the following forms of direct financial support for subjects of the tourism industry:

Subsidizing part of the costs (up to 80%) for the purchase of fixed assets for the provision of services in the field of outbound and domestic tourism;

Subsidizing part of the costs (up to 80%) for the classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities in the Rostov region;

Subsidizing part of the costs (up to 70%) for advertising and information promotion of a regional tourism product.

Thus, all conditions for the development of the project are legally created in the region.

At the same time, no more than 15% of the total volume of travel companies specialize in domestic tourism. Considering that the company provides services directly for organizing excursions, and, in fact, is not a travel agency, these enterprises cannot be classified as direct competitors.

“Don Tourist” accepts orders from travel agencies to organize excursions, which it then conducts on its own. Agencies receive a commission of 10% of the cost of the excursion. The fixed assets of the enterprise include a 50-seat excursion bus, equipped with televisions, a refrigerator, etc. The staff includes two tour guides with experience and knowledge of the region. Guides work simultaneously with two small groups, which provides a higher level of comfort for tourists compared to the usual scheme, when one bus is served by one guide. Excursions are conducted to cultural and historical attractions of the city and region.

3. DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES

"Don Tourist" provides services for organizing and conducting excursions around Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov region using its own transport and service personnel. Three main types of excursions are offered, varying in time. Several excursion programs have been developed for each time type. The list of programs is given in Table. 2.

Table 2. List of excursion programs

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During each excursion program, you are accompanied by a professional guide. Off the bus, the tour group is divided into two small groups, each of which receives its own guide.

During the 5-hour programs there is a break for a light lunch - 20-25 minutes; during 10-hour programs - a full lunch in a reserved mid-price restaurant (the cost of lunch is not included in the excursion price), as well as two short breaks of 20 minutes each.

Variable costs for services are formed from the wages of guides, the cost of fuel and operation of the bus, as well as from commission agencies. Variable costs and the final cost of services are given in Table. 3.

Table 3. Cost of services and variable costs

4. SALES AND MARKETING

Sales of services are carried out by sales managers, who also accept applications from agencies. At the first stage, the most likely partners are determined according to a number of criteria:

Main focus on domestic tourism;

Good reputation in the market;

At least 1.5 years of work experience with active development.

Then active work is carried out to develop partnerships. Proposals for cooperation are sent out, telephone conversations are held. If necessary, the project owner joins the negotiations and goes to meetings.

A high-level website is being created to post complete information about programs, demonstration materials, terms of cooperation, and other things. You can book excursions through the website. It is expected that by the third year of operation, Donskoy Tourist’s dependence on agency orders will be reduced by no less than 30%.

It is expected that the Donskoy Tourist Bureau will participate in various image events of regional importance as a sponsor, subject to the possibility of popularizing regional tourist destinations. It is also expected to actively work with schools in the city and region for the purpose of direct sales of excursion programs.

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The competitive environment is represented by five direct competitors - organizers of excursions on similar programs. Pricing policy – from budget to average. The quality of transport and services offered is below average and average. As a rule, companies use outdated vehicles in unsatisfactory condition, which not only reduces the comfort of the trip, but also makes the likelihood of breakdowns on the road high. In addition, only one guide is used per bus, which makes the excursion not always comfortable due to the fact that not all excursionists can get close enough to the excursion object or hear the guide. The pricing policy of competitors is mainly at the “standard” level with the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Thus, the competitive advantages of the Donskoy Tourist bureau are as follows:

The transport is in good condition – despite the fact that the bus is purchased used, its residual value is significantly higher than that of competitors’ transport; technical condition is checked upon purchase in order to minimize the risk of breakdowns on the road;

Highly qualified driver - professionalism allows him to use the most convenient routes, navigate city traffic, avoid emergency situations and make the trip as comfortable as possible;

Two guides - allow you to split a large group into two small ones, which provides more comfortable excursion conditions, more attention to each excursionist and his questions, accessibility of excursion objects, etc.;

High communication skills of guides allow you to avoid dry presentation of the material and make the excursion more interesting and memorable.

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

The fixed assets of the enterprise include a foreign-made excursion bus, used, in good condition. The bus capacity is 50 people. The estimated average occupancy is 45 people. The bus has all the necessary equipment for excursions lasting less than 12 hours.

The excursion plan is drawn up by the owner of the enterprise together with professional guides included in the staff of the enterprise.

The demand for excursion services is seasonal. The maximum level occurs from May to September; in winter there is a decline. However, given that most programs are not seasonal, even in winter a certain level of demand remains. Seasonal fluctuations in demand and revenue indicators are given in Appendix 1 of this business plan.

The maximum monthly sales volume is calculated based on a realistic scenario and is shown in Table. 4 of this business plan.

Table 4. Monthly estimated sales volume of services

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The main assets in terms of labor resources are, of course, professional guides, to whom high demands are placed, which include not only extensive knowledge of the history and culture of the Don region, but also the ability to actively work with the audience, high communication skills, designed to ensure not only informativeness of the trip, but also the interest of tourists. The form of remuneration for guides is piecework, with a rate of 1000 rubles. per hour of work. The wages of guides are classified as variable costs and are not reflected in the staffing table.

The professionalism of the bus driver is also of great importance for the comfort and safety of passengers. For this reason, high demands are also placed on the driver’s qualifications - at least 10 years of accident-free experience in driving a sightseeing bus, knowledge of the basics of car mechanics, and absence of bad habits. The driver has a combined salary - a fixed salary of 30,000 rubles per month and 300 rubles per hour of excursion.

Sales specialists must have at least 3 years of experience in the tourism industry.

All employees report directly to the project owner. The owner has business experience, knowledge of labor legislation and industry standards in the tourism industry.

Table 5. Staffing and wage fund

6. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan is drawn up for a five-year perspective. At the same time, the project is unlimited in time. Fixed and variable costs were calculated, monthly revenue was determined taking into account seasonality, and cash flow was calculated.

Investment costs for the project amount to 5.85 million rubles, of which 2.0 million are the project initiator’s own funds. The remaining amount is raised using a bank loan for a period of 48 months and at 20% per annum. Payment of loan obligations is carried out in annuity payments, credit holidays are three months. The bulk of the investment is used to purchase a bus. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over a five-year period.

The cash flow statement is given in Appendix 2 of this business plan.

Table 6. Investment costs

Table 7. Fixed costs

7. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS

Based on the financial plan, integral indicators of project effectiveness are calculated (Table 1). Since the financial plan is calculated over a relatively long period, a discount rate of 5% is introduced to take into account the time value of money. The size of the rate is determined by the mastered technology of work, the offer is not innovative, competition is relatively low, the market has been formed and researched.

The payback period of the project is 17 months, the discounted payback period is 18 months. With such fairly substantial capital investments, this is a short period of time.

Net present value (NPV) is 16.93 million rubles, which significantly exceeds the initial investment. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 6.0%, which is higher than the discount rate, and this indicates the investment attractiveness of the project. Profitability Index (PI) > 1, which also indicates that the project is largely profitable.

8. RISKS AND GUARANTEES

The following risks associated with the implementation of the project can be identified:

The entry of a new competitor of a similar level into the market - the market capacity today is large enough to accommodate several similar offers; at the same time, it is necessary to establish strong partnerships with key agencies;

Modernization of fixed assets by competitors is a low probability, since according to known data, competitors are experiencing a shortage of free cash;

Deterioration of the general economic situation in the country - given the existing relatively low prices for domestic tourism, a decrease in the solvency of the population could potentially attract clients from more expensive segments of the market;

Failure to fulfill the sales plan is unlikely, since only experienced managers are hired, and the pricing policy is formed in the most competitive form.

APPENDIX 1 and APPENDIX 2

Seasonality indicators and enterprise revenue

Financial plan

Denis Miroshnichenko
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Creating a new interesting excursion is not an easy task. The planned event should be divided into two equal stages - preparation and conduct of the excursion.

To develop a new excursion route, you need to decide on the purpose of the excursion, the type (in terms of content - sightseeing, thematic; according to the method of transportation - walking, bus) and objects of display. The text of the excursion, its duration and richness of facts will depend on this. This should not be done by one person, but by a creative group, which should include from three to seven people.

First steps to planning an excursion

When the objects are selected, we begin to collect information on each of them and draw up the most convenient route for transitions (transfers, etc.). Now, from a large amount of information on objects, you need to compose a tour text for each of them and a card of the object. Such a card is an indispensable part of the guide's portfolio; it contains brief information about the object and, possibly, its photograph.

After excursion texts for objects have been written, it is easier to create an interesting and concise excursion text and connect the parts with competent transitions.

After preparing the materials, a methodological development of the excursion is done - this is a document describing the excursion and its main parameters. The manual includes a topic, a map of the route, its length, type of excursion, safety rules, purpose, tasks and time. It also includes a table - a plan for the excursion:

route;
display object;
stop;
time in minutes;
listing of main issues, names of subtopics;
organizational guidelines;
methodological instructions (logical transitions).

After this, the manual must be certified by management; it serves as confirmation of the quality of the excursion.

Tour guide's briefcase

Before conducting a tour, you need to collect a “guide briefcase”. This is the professional name for a set of visual aids to simplify the excursion. These can be reproductions of paintings, photographs of people who are related to this topic, maps depicting enterprises or military operations, geographical maps, geological samples, product samples, tape recordings and other materials that help inform the excursion.

Material requirements

The criteria for selecting visual material are low: preservation, unusualness, expressiveness, need for display and educational value. These are the main qualities of these criteria. It is very important to have good materials on objects that have not survived to this day or have been greatly modified. This will make the material easier to understand. It is worth considering that reproductions, maps and photographs must be on a cardboard base, the image must be clear with a size of at least 18*24, preferably 24*30 cm.

Now that all the material is ready, let's figure out how to conduct a tour correctly. Typically, each guide has his own technique for conducting an excursion, based on personal experience and observations. But the methodology for conducting an excursion is a whole system of requirements and tasks, methods of telling and showing. All this is necessary to achieve maximum digestibility of the material. A well-developed methodology is a kind of list of rules for a guide when conducting a specific excursion. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that the methods of conducting the excursion should differ slightly depending on the age characteristics of the group and the interest of the excursionists.

For school-age children, it is better not to overload the text with facts; it will be more interesting for them to see visual material and hear an interesting legend or story. It is also worth preparing for questions; children receive a lot of them. It is important to be able to hold the attention of schoolchildren. To do this, you need to ask questions: “Do you know?”; “Have you heard about...?”; “Do you like...?” etc. In this case, the guide begins a dialogue with the excursionists, and this way you can hold your attention for quite a long time.

Older generation tourists, as a rule, behave quietly and calmly, and it is quite difficult to understand whether they are interested in the story or not. In the event that these are not professors and scientists, it is advisable not to overload the text of the excursion with a large number of dates and numbers. Always allow time for photographing, just five to seven minutes will be enough.

Guide techniques

There are generally accepted methods for conducting excursions, they include techniques of telling and showing. Display techniques allow tourists to pay attention to the most important details, evaluate the general appearance of the object and its combination with the environment. Narrative techniques, in turn, help to recreate a more accurate picture of events in the imagination of tourists. Key words: “Imagine...”, “It’s been... a year...”, etc.

Safety regulations

But in addition to interesting material and a pleasant guide, the event must be safe.

Safety when conducting excursions, especially walking ones, is very important. Basic rules of safety and behavior on the route can be read in the methodological development of the excursion. But the guide is obliged to notify the group about safety precautions immediately before the excursion. Tell us about all the nuances of the route. The most banal phrases about not sticking your head out the window of a bus and jumping while it’s moving must be heard. Since the guide takes responsibility for the group during the excursion, it is his task to talk about safety rules.

What should tourists be warned about?

Particular attention should be paid to road intersections and transitions (rope bridges, caves, tunnels, etc.). If the excursion is conducted outdoors, you should be warned about fire safety rules. It is also necessary to talk about the fact that you should not try mushrooms, touch various insects and animals with your hands, drink water from open reservoirs and walk barefoot.

It is worth taking care of the household items of the local population and the surrounding nature at the excursion site. In addition, persons who have undergone preliminary instruction and medical examination, as well as people who do not have health-related contraindications, should be allowed on excursions.

Instructions

Developing a route is the first thing you need to start drawing up an excursion plan. If the excursion is planned in one place (palace, museum, etc.), think over a group layout for this place in accordance with the plan of the building (or area). Write down where the group will begin, the group will spend near each exhibit, how long the excursion will take, and what time it will end.

If you are planning an excursion to visit several attractions, also plan an excursion, developing an optimal traffic pattern taking into account the situation.

The second stage is writing the text of the excursion. The text should not contain any disagreements with historical facts, so when writing a tour, make references to the sources from which you get the information. After all, if some listener does not agree with you and tries to challenge what was said, you can always tell him where your information comes from and how to check it.

The key to an ideal excursion is a guide who knows exactly what he is telling you about. In addition, you should have such qualities as tolerance, attention to the requests of tourists and the ability to surprise them with details known only to you. You can also tell well-known facts, but present them with unique questions, actively addressing the group, trying to involve them in exploring the proposed area.

Recently, excursions have become popular, the main group for which is young people - this is Moscow at night, visiting museums at night. You can borrow the idea and organize such a route in your own, especially since it will enjoy increased popularity if there is currently no such offer on the tourism services market.

The main thing is to start if you are interested in the topic of promoting your native land, if you like to discover unknown pages of history and you want as many people as possible to know about them, you should organize excursion routes.

Instructions

Before taking a group or one visitor, prepare for the tour. It is not enough to simply walk through the floors of the building and see what is presented in the exhibitions. Read the sources, find out the history of each exhibit. This is necessary in order to identify what is most important to tell visitors about. Compose a rough text of your narrative, write it down on pieces of paper or print it on your computer.

2.5. Excursion techniques

The effectiveness of any excursion largely depends on the technique of its implementation, the connection between the methodology and the technique of conducting it. There are a number of requirements for the technique of conducting an excursion. These include the guide’s introduction to the group, the correct placement of the group at the object, the excursionists getting off the bus and returning to the bus (another vehicle), the guide’s use of a microphone, observing the time allotted for the excursion as a whole and disclosing individual subtopics, answering the excursionists’ questions etc.

The guide introduces the group. The guide, upon entering the bus, introduces himself to the group. He greets those present, states his last name, first name, patronymic, the excursion institution that he represents, introduces the excursionists to the bus driver, i.e. begins the excursion with an introduction.

It is important that from the very beginning the guide subordinates his actions to the established rules of communication with the group. He doesn't start talking right away. There is a pause that lasts ten to twenty seconds. The first acquaintance occurs; further contacts between the guide and the group largely depend on it. The tourists gradually fall silent, sit down more comfortably, and their attention turns to the guide. The excursionists figure out what the guide is capable of, what interesting things he will tell them, and the guide thinks about how to interest these people, how to rivet their attention to the topic.

With proper organization of excursion work, preparation for it should occur in advance. This is done by excursion organizers or travel agents.

The plot of the excursion must be known to the excursionist in advance. The tourist must know the topic of the excursion. It is extremely important that promotional activities and the purchase of a tour package are separated from the tour by one or two days. This is significant in the sense that during this period of time a certain psychological attitude of the tourist will take place. He will have time to think about it and get used to the plot of the excursion.

Each topic has its own introduction. If the composition of the group is different (for example, local population and visiting tourists, adults and children), the same excursion will have different introductions. The guide pays special attention to the preparation and execution of the introduction, which gives a specific instruction to the excursionists and allows them to establish contact with them.

Excursionists exit the bus (trolleybus, tram). Tourists need to prepare in advance for departure. In cases where this is not done, a significant part of the group remains sitting on the bus, without getting out to observe the monuments at their location. Thus, excursionists lose the opportunity to personally get to know the object.

At stops where the excursion group is provided to exit, the guide leaves first, showing an example to the group and determining the direction of its movement to the object. In cases where other stops are made during excursions, for example, sanitary stops or for purchasing souvenirs, the guide informs you of the exact time (hour and minutes) of the bus departure. It is necessary to require tourists to comply with the regulations for the excursion, which affects the bus schedule along the route. If the parking time on a country excursion is shortened or increased for some reason, the guide informs all excursionists about this.

Arrangement of the group at the object. When developing an excursion, as a rule, several options for accommodating a group to observe the excursion object are determined. This is done in the case when the place determined by the methodological development is occupied by another group or when the sun's rays shine into the eyes, making it difficult to examine the object. There are other reasons that prevent you from using the recommended location. In hot weather, opportunities are used to arrange groups in the shade. In case of rain, there is an option to accommodate tourists under a roof, under the canopy of trees. In some cases, the technique requires that several points be selected to examine an object: distant, if the object is shown together with the environment or other objects; near, if individual details of a building, structure, area, or natural object are analyzed. These features are reflected in the column “Organized instructions for methodological development.” Each guide carefully studies these instructions and, before leaving with the group on the route, clarifies issues related to the arrangement of the group to observe objects. It is also necessary to ensure the safety of tourists when inspecting objects and when crossing highways.

When several groups are simultaneously located at one object, such a distance must be maintained between them so that one guide does not interfere with the other with his story, so that one group does not obscure another object of observation. Known difficulties in meeting this condition are caused by the placement of groups for displaying museum exhibitions.

Movement of tourists from bus to object, from object to bus, between objects is carried out by a group. The guide's place is in the center of the group, several people walk in front, a few next to each other, and the rest behind. It is important that the group does not stretch: the distance between its head and those who come last should not exceed 5-7 meters. The guide must ensure that the integrity of the group is not compromised when moving the group along the route. If the group is extended, not everyone will hear the guide’s story, his explanations and logical transitions that are presented along the way. Experienced guides skillfully guide the movement along the route.

The pace of the group’s movement depends on the composition of the group (children, youth, middle age, elderly people), on the terrain, for example, climbing a mountain, poor road conditions, overcoming ditches in dangerous areas in working workshops, etc.

On a walking tour, the pace of the tourists is slow and leisurely, since the objects on display are located next to each other.

It is more difficult to establish the required pace of movement of the group on a bus excursion. Here, after getting off the bus, the guide does not immediately start moving, especially if the object is located in the distance. He allows most of the excursionists to get off the bus and then, slowly, but not too slowly, at the head of the group heads towards the goal. Approaching the object, he begins his story not immediately, but after the whole group has gathered.

The guide guides the movement of tourists during their independent work along the route. Tourists walk around the object to read the inscription on it themselves, go inside it, and see the peculiar features of the architecture. They climb a hill to determine its height, climb a bell tower, a minaret to make sure of the unusual “step” of the steps of a steep staircase, go down into the fortress moat to determine its depth, etc. These movements of tourists enrich them with additional information and new impressions , provide an opportunity to experience the unique features of the objects, the features of the events to which the excursion is dedicated.

Return of tourists to the bus. During the group's movement, it is led by a guide. When a group boards the bus, he stands to the right of the entrance and counts the excursionists who enter the cabin. This is done unnoticed. Having made sure that all participants of the excursion have gathered, he enters the bus last and gives a conventional sign to the driver to start moving.

It is necessary to avoid counting tourists who have already taken their seats on the bus. This introduces unnecessary nervousness and sometimes causes comical situations, thereby disrupting the course of the excursion.

Guide's place. The guide on the bus should occupy a place from where he can clearly see the objects discussed on the excursion, but so that all the excursionists are in his field of vision. At the same time, sightseers must see it. Typically, this is a designated front seat next to the driver (the seat behind the driver is reserved for another driver). The guide is not allowed to stand while the bus is moving (as well as tourists) for safety reasons.

On a walking tour, the guide should be positioned halfway to the object. Displaying visually perceived objects requires that they be in front of the guide’s eyes, because he analyzes them based on his visual impressions. This is especially important on country excursions, when the guide, while the bus is moving, sitting in his seat with his back to the excursionists, looks out the front window of the bus and talks about what the excursionists are already seeing or are about to see.

Keeping time during the excursion. The methodological development indicates the exact time allocated for the disclosure of each subtopic in minutes. Everything is provided here: a demonstration of objects, a story from a guide, movement along the route to the next one, and movement of the group around the observed objects. The ability to meet the allotted time does not come to the guide right away. This requires a lot of practice, including conducting an excursion with a watch in hand: at home, at a specific object. It is necessary to ensure compliance with time when carrying out a logical transition, covering a single subtopic and main issues. It helps the guide to time the time spent on individual parts of the excursion. Based on this timing, taking into account the listener’s comments, the guide makes appropriate adjustments to his story. Everything unnecessary is removed from the excursion, which leads to time overrun. Often, for reasons beyond the guide’s control, a tour is significantly reduced in time. This is due to the group getting ready for a long time, breakfast not being served to tourists on time, the bus being late, etc. As a result, the excursion starts late. The guide has only one option - to reduce the time allotted to cover the topic. This should be done by preserving all that is important in the content of the excursion and removing the unimportant. To do this, you need to prepare in advance for a possible reduction in excursion material.

Technique for telling a story while the bus is moving. The story while driving on the bus should be conducted by the guide through a microphone. If the equipment does not function well or there is no microphone at all, it is useless for the guide to narrate the story while driving. The engine noise and shaking of the bus limit audibility, so explanations will only be heard by tourists sitting nearby. In this case, the guide gives information about the nearest section of the route before the start of the movement, and during the movement only reports the names of objects or areas. If there are important objects or populated areas, it is necessary to stop the bus, turn off the engine and only then give an explanation. This must be agreed upon with the driver in advance.

Answers to questions from tourists. In excursion practice, a certain classification of issues has developed. They are divided into four groups: questions from the guide, answered by excursionists; questions posed during the story, answered by the guide; rhetorical questions that are posed to activate the attention of tourists; questions asked by excursion participants on the topic. The first three groups of questions are related to the methodology of conducting excursions, and only the fourth group of questions is related to the technique of conducting excursions. Their content is different - sometimes they are connected with objects, sometimes with the lives of famous figures, and often with events that are not related to the topic of the excursion. The main rule for working with such questions is that you should not interrupt the story and give an immediate answer to them; you also do not need to answer questions at the end of each of the subtopics. This scatters attention and distracts the audience from perceiving the content of the topic being revealed, since not everyone in the group is concerned about these particular issues. Therefore, the guide should answer questions not during the tour, but after it ends. The content of the answers should not be of a debatable nature, that is, cause tourists to want to argue or continue the topic raised in the question.

When making an introduction to the topic, the guide informs his listeners about this order of answers to questions.

Pauses in the excursion. The guide should not talk continuously. There should be short breaks between individual parts of the story, the story and excursion information along the way, the logical transition and the story about the object and the events associated with it.

Pauses serve the following purposes:

The first is semantic, when people use the break time to think about what they heard from the guide and saw with their own eyes. To consolidate factual material in memory, formulate your conclusions and remember what you see. It is important that excursionists have time at each object free from showing and telling for independent inspection, preparing for the perception of what will be shown and told at the next stop;
- the second is to give short-term rest to excursionists. It does not carry any semantic load. This is especially important for those who are not yet accustomed to such an active form of cultural and educational work as an excursion.

Pauses in country excursions are combined with rest, which, in accordance with the existing procedure, is provided to the guide: 15 minutes. after each hour of work (for a guide, an hour of conducting a tour is 45 minutes). This rest can be summed up and used by the guide at the end of the excursion. There may also be pauses during excursions - free time used for purchasing souvenirs, printed materials, quenching thirst, as well as for sanitary stops on long excursions.

Technique for using the "tour guide's briefcase". The contents of the “guide’s portfolio”, its meaning and role in the use of methodological techniques of demonstration are related to the methodology of preparing and conducting the excursion. Each exhibit - photograph, drawing, reproduction of a painting, portrait, drawing, copy of a document - has its own serial number. This determines the sequence of demonstration of this exhibit to tourists.

The exhibit can be shown by the guide from his workplace, handed over to the tourists in rows for more detailed acquaintance.

Sometimes, in accordance with the methodological development, the guide organizes the playback of tape and video recordings. It is important to check in advance the serviceability of the equipment, the availability of the necessary recordings, and ensure audibility for all participants in the excursion. The guide must be able to use this equipment.

During excursions, elements of ritual (a ceremony developed by folk customs) are used. Sightseers at burial sites and memorials honor the memory of the dead with a minute of silence, are present at the changing of the guard of honor, participate in processions and rallies, and listen to mourning melodies. The guide needs to know the procedure for laying flowers, the passage of tourists at the locations of mass graves and obelisks, participation in the guard of honor, a minute of silence, the rules of conduct at the Eternal Flame and at the burial sites of heroes of the Civil War, the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and others. wars. Before the start of the excursion, the guide informs you about everything, emphasizing the importance of observing the ritual when visiting historical places.

conclusions

The importance of issues related to the technique of conducting excursions is difficult to overestimate. Neither a fascinating story about objects, nor methodological techniques for displaying monuments will give the necessary effect if all aspects of its implementation are not seriously thought out, if conditions for observing objects are not created.

Control questions

1. The concept of “techniques for conducting excursions”.
2. Contents of the column “Organizational instructions”.
3. Organizing the work of the guide with the group.
4. Skillful use of excursion techniques.
5. Skills in using excursion techniques.
6. The pace of movement of the group, its significance.
7. Using a microphone. Work in the absence of a microphone.
8. Establishing the necessary order in the group.
9. Use of free time during the excursion.
10. Answers to questions from tourists.
11. Techniques for using visual aids.

Today it is difficult to surprise people with familiar sights; ocean shores and palm trees are already a thing of the past. Now tourists are interested in all sorts of delights, which include industrial or social tourism.

Objects for industrial tours
How to organize an excursion tour to an industrial zone, where to start
How to organize a tour of an existing enterprise
Excursions to inactive objects
Types of excursions, details about the main things
How much money do you need to start?
How much can you earn
Do I need permission to conduct industrial excursions?
Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?
What documents are needed to open
Which taxation system to choose for registering a travel agency business
How to choose equipment for excursions to the industrial zone
Technology for organizing tourist routes to the industrial zone

What is the secret of popularity? Many office workers have no idea how factories work, and some are eager to see production. Moreover, this is a fashionable destination with virtually no competition, which is one of the few types of tourism activities for industrial zones or post-industrial centers.

Industrial excursions gained particular popularity in the early 2000s, when many “stopped” industrial facilities and disbanded military units appeared. Today everything has begun to change dramatically: people again feel the desire to develop and travel. Moreover, the start came from where many did not expect, the industry was “warmed up” by games. “Metro 2033”, the cult series “Fallout 4” and the newly discovered “Stalker” did the main thing, showing the audience the dark beauty of the post-industrial world.
If you are from Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk or any industrial city, you can start working on your client base.

It’s not difficult to create an interesting, and most importantly, unusual route for an industrial excursion. Any city, especially a large one, has industrial zones in addition to historical attractions, museums and architectural monuments. Particularly exciting are old, abandoned sites, oil and coal mines, or fully operational enterprises.

Objects for industrial tours

Take a closer look at your city and you will see many places that will pique the interest of visitors. Moreover, it could be the capital or distant and almost forgotten towns.

Examples for conducting industrial excursions in Russia:

Khavrinsky unfinished building (Moscow): the facility is located in Moscow and attracts the attention of extreme sports enthusiasts with its legends and myths. Today the ruins are surrounded by a fence and are guarded. You can enter the abandoned hospital building only with special permission.
Blue Crystal (Moscow): a high-rise building that was built as an educational and business center. The object may be interesting for excursions.
Old Nevyansk plant (Sverdlovsk region): a metallurgical industry facility. Currently, it is one of the attractions for guests of the region.
“Fallen factories” (Baikalsk, Chapaevsk, Asbest): excursions are conducted to the sites of enterprises that have ceased to exist.
Metallurgy (Magnitogorsk): a region of heavy engineering, has many objects that are of interest throughout the world.