Speech of Sonya marmalade. Sonya Marmeladova - the personification of good (based on the novel by F
As long as humanity has existed, the question of good and evil has existed. What is right and what should be condemned are problems that are often raised in works of fiction. Fyodor Dostoevsky, a famous classic of Russian literature, also thought about this complex matter.
In his novel “Crime and Punishment,” he reflects on behalf of the heroes what a person has the right to, whether one person can decide the fate of another.
At the center of events is the main character. He is endowed with an inquisitive mind and a keen sense of justice. Imitating romantic heroes, he creates the theory that one person has the right to deal with another if he is just a louse on the body of society. Convincing himself that he is not a trembling creature, but has the right, Raskolnikov deals with the old woman pawnbroker. He suffers for a long time, trying to believe that this was not a crime, but a fair trial. However, in the novel there is a heroine who was able to reach his conscience.
This heroine is Sonechka, a poor and modest girl. She is the daughter of an official Semyon Marmeladov, who became an alcoholic and could no longer support his family. Due to constant drunkenness, he is even fired from his job. In addition to his own daughter, he has a young wife and her three children. The stepmother was not an evil person, and she did not have hatred for Sonechka, but being a hot-tempered woman and irritated because of poverty, she often reproached her stepdaughter.
When she realized that her husband would no longer be of any use, she pushes Sonechka to do a shameful act for the sake of the family. How could a girl with no talent, practically uneducated, help? At first she tried to work honestly, but she was kicked out of work without even paying. Hard men's work was not feasible for a small, very thin girl. The only thing she had was a peculiar pretty appearance. Her thin, thin, sharp face looked almost childish, and her large blue eyes attracted attention. She was not very tall and very fragile.
By giving his heroine such an appearance, the author emphasizes her inner, refined, pure world. She looks like a child, she is a child, who, as a result of her naivety and kindness, finds herself denigrated. Her stepmother pushes her to do an unworthy thing - go with a yellow ticket. For Sonya, this is a difficult decision, because she is a deeply religious person. But for the sake of the survival of her family, she decides to sacrifice herself.
One day she leaves wearing a provocative outfit. Returning, the girl puts the pennies on the table and falls on the bed, covering her face and shuddering with her whole body. She does not blame anyone for her moral decline, but rather supports everyone. Having met Rodion Raskolnikov, she helps him find his soul again.
Sonya is a unique pure image created by Dostoevsky. She is the conscience of the main character.
Sofya (Sonya) Semyonovna Marmeladova is a character in Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment.
Daughter of the titular adviser, drunken former official Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, stepdaughter of Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova, half-sister of Polina, Lidochka (Leni) and Kolya. Sonya Marmeladova, a holy sinner and harlot with an angelic heart, is one of the most famous heroines in world classical literature. Raskolnikov first hears about her from Marmeladov’s lips in the “tavern” in the scene of their acquaintance.
Appearance
Sonya Marmeladova's appearance was a kind of “mirror” of her spiritual qualities. Dostoevsky “endowed” Sonya with blue eyes, blond hair and a childish expression. Many people associate this appearance with angelic purity and innocence. Sonya Marmeladova was about 18 years old, but she looked much younger due to her childish expression. Here are some quotes about Sonya’s appearance: - “about eighteen years old” - “short” - “fair, her face is always pale, thin” - “quite pretty blonde” - “with wonderful blue eyes” - “she seemed almost like a girl, much younger his age, almost a child."
Character
The author does not often describe the character and personality of Sonya Marmeladova in the novel and does not use a large number of epithets. In this way, Dostoevsky wanted to make the character of Sonya light and unobtrusive, almost unnoticeable. It was his idea. Kind and merciful: “...you don’t know yet, you don’t know what kind of heart this is, what kind of girl this is!” “...Yes, she’ll take off her last dress, sell it, go barefoot, and give it to you if you need it, that’s what she is!”... “...She even received a yellow ticket, because my children disappeared from hunger, she sold herself for us!..” (Katerina Ivanovna, Sonya’s stepmother) Meek and timid “Sonya, timid by nature...” (author) “... anyone could offend her with almost impunity...” (author) Patient and resigned “... She, of course , with patience and almost resignedly could bear everything..." (author) Believers in God "...God will not allow this..." (Sonya) "...You left God, and God struck you down, handed you over to the devil !..." (Sonya to Raskolnikov).
Indecent" profession
The text of the novel does not directly speak about the profession of Sonechka Marmeladova. However, the reader guesses about Sonya Marmeladova’s profession from some phrases in the text. This is how Sonechka’s occupation is indicated in the novel: “my daughter, Sofya Semyonovna, was forced to get a yellow ticket” (Marmeladov) “she lives on a yellow ticket, sir.” As you know, in the middle of the 19th century, girls of “indecent professions” had a yellow ticket. Sonya took the “yellow ticket” because her family needed money. Sonya's father, an official of the Marmeladovs, became an alcoholic and lost his last job. Sonya's stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, took care of three small children and ran a poor household. Sonya and Raskolnikov are united by the fact that both of them, guided by different motives, transgressed the gospel commandments. She is forced to engage in prostitution because her family cannot find any other way to earn a living. Having met Rodion Raskolnikov, he finds a kindred spirit in him and, when he was sentenced to hard labor, voluntarily goes, like the wives of the Decembrists, to Siberia after him.
Sonya Marmeladova is the heroine of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Poverty and an extremely hopeless family situation force this young girl to earn money from the panel.
The reader first learns about Sonya from a story addressed to Raskolnikov by the former titular adviser Marmeladov, her father. Alcoholic Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov vegetates with his wife Katerina Ivanovna and three small children - his wife and children are starving, Marmeladov drinks. Sonya, his daughter from his first marriage, lives in a rented apartment “on a yellow ticket.” Marmeladov explains to Raskolnikov that she decided to make such a living, unable to withstand the constant reproaches of her consumptive stepmother, who called Sonya a parasite who “eats and drinks and uses warmth.” In fact, she is a meek and unrequited girl. She tries with all her might to help the seriously ill Katerina Ivanovna, her starving stepsisters and brother, and even her unlucky father. Marmeladov tells how he gained and lost his job, drank away the new uniform he bought with his daughter’s money, and then went to ask her “for a hangover.” Sonya did not reproach him for anything: “I took out thirty kopecks, with my own hands, the last, everything that was, I saw myself... She didn’t say anything, she just looked at me silently.”
The author gives the first description of Sofia Semyonovna later, in the confession scene of Marmeladov, crushed by a horse and living his last minutes: “Sonya was small, about eighteen years old, thin, but quite pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes.” Having learned about the incident, she runs to her father in her “work clothes”: “her outfit was a penny, but decorated in a street style, according to the taste and rules that have developed in her special world, with a brightly and shamefully outstanding purpose.” Marmeladov dies in her arms. But even after this, Sonya sends her younger sister Polenka to catch up with Raskolnikov, who donated his last money for the funeral, in order to find out his name and address. Later, she visits the “benefactor” and invites him to her father’s wake.
Another touch to the portrait of Sonya Marmeladova is her behavior during the incident at the wake. She is unfairly accused of theft, and Sonya does not even try to defend herself. Justice is soon restored, but the incident itself drives her into hysterics. The author explains this by the life position of her heroine: “Sonya, timid by nature, already knew that it was easier to destroy her than anyone else, and anyone could offend her with almost impunity. But still, until that very moment, it seemed to her that she could somehow avoid trouble - with caution, meekness, submission to everyone and everyone.”
After a scandal at a wake, Katerina Ivanovna and her children lose their shelter - they are kicked out of their rented apartment. Now all four are doomed to quick death. Realizing this, Raskolnikov invites Sonya to tell her what she would do if she had the power to take the life of Luzhin, who slandered her, in advance. But Sofya Semyonovna does not want to answer this question - she chooses submission to fate: “But I can’t know God’s providence... And why are you asking what you can’t ask? Why such empty questions? How can it happen that this depends on my decision? And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?”
The author needs the image of Sonya Marmeladova to create a moral counterbalance to the idea of Rodion Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov feels a kindred spirit in Sonya, because they are both outcasts. However, unlike the ideological killer, Sonya is “a daughter who was evil and consumptive to her stepmother, who betrayed herself to strangers and minors.” She has a clear moral guideline - the biblical wisdom of cleansing suffering. When Raskolnikov tells Marmeladova about his crime, she takes pity on him and, focusing on the biblical parable of the resurrection of Lazarus, convinces him to repent of his crime. Sonya intends to share with Raskolnikov the vicissitudes of hard labor: she considers herself guilty of violating biblical commandments and is willing to “suffer” in order to cleanse herself.
It is noteworthy that the convicts who served their sentences with Raskolnikov feel a burning hatred for him and at the same time very much love Sonya, who visits him. Rodion Romanovich is told that “walking with an ax” is not a noble thing; they call him an atheist and even want to kill him. Sonya, following her once and for all established concepts, does not look down on anyone, she treats all people with respect - and the convicts reciprocate her feelings.
Sonya Marmeladova is one of the most important characters in the book. Without her life ideals, Rodion Raskolnikov’s path could only end in suicide. However, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky offers the reader not only the crime and punishment embodied in the main character. Sonya's life leads to repentance and purification. Thanks to this “continuation of the path,” the writer managed to create a holistic, logically complete world of his great novel.
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31. Raskolnikov’s theory and its debunking in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment “ | » 33. Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment
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Sonechka Marmeladova is forever the favorite heroine of Fyodor Mikhailovich himself and, of course, the majority of his readers. A fragile, light, eternally frightened creature with blue eyes on a childish face. Young Sonya is an orphan on her mother's side. She is only 17 or 18 years old. She is the only natural child of official Semyon Marmeladov, who after the death of his wife married a widow with three children from her first marriage, Katerina Ivanovna.
The tragic fate of Sonya Marmeladova
Sonya's father is addicted to alcohol, over time he loses everything, steals things from the house to sell, and his family is forced to starve. A conscientious and merciful girl, unable to find a decent and paid job, decided to take a desperate step and went to the street to sell her body. She is forced to live separately from her family as unworthy, doomed to wear vulgar clothes and hide her eyes at the sight of “honest” ladies.
The unfortunate girl is sure that she is a great sinner who does not deserve to be in the same room with decent people. It is taboo for her to sit next to Rodion’s mother or shake hands. She freezes in indecision on the threshold of her parents' house, afraid with her presence to offend the guests who, like her, came to say goodbye to the deceased Marmeladov. Sonya is so meek and weak that anyone can offend her, like the scumbag Luzhin, who threw money at her in order to accuse her of theft, or the grumpy landlady of a rented apartment. The orphan is simply unable to fight back.
Sonya's mental strength
At the same time, physical lack of will is combined in the image of this girl with incredible strength of soul. Whatever Sonechka does, the reason for her actions is love and sacrifice for the sake of love. Out of love for her careless alcoholic father, she will give her last pennies for her hangover. Out of love for children, she goes to the panel every evening. And having fallen in love, Sonya goes with him to hard labor, despite all his indifference. Kindness, compassion and the ability to forgive make Sonechka stand out from the crowd of other heroes in the novel. She does not hold a grudge against her father and stepmother for their ruined honor. She forgave and even pitied Raskolnikov, although Liza was close to her.
Where does this unfortunate creature, trampled by life, draw spiritual strength? As Sonya herself says, her faith in God helps her. With prayer, she herself will stand and will extend a helping hand to others. So she helped Rodion first confess to the crime, then truly repent, find God and be able to start life anew. This fallen woman is the most innocent of the heroes in the entire novel. Her image shatters Raskolnikov's theory to smithereens. Yes, she is humiliated, but she is not a “trembling creature,” but a most worthy person, and in fact, she is also much stronger than the main character. Having gone through all the circles of hell, Sonechka did not harden, did not become vulgar, but remained pure, like an angel, and was able to overcome all the blows of fate. And she deserved her little happiness next to her loved one.
The author needs the image of Sonya Marmeladova to create a moral counterbalance to the idea of Rodion Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov feels a kindred spirit in Sonya, because they are both outcasts. However, unlike the ideological killer, Sonya is “a daughter who was evil and consumptive to her stepmother, who betrayed herself to strangers and minors.” She has a clear moral guideline - the biblical wisdom of purifying suffering. When Raskolnikov tells Marmeladova about his crime, she takes pity on him and, focusing on the biblical parable of the resurrection of Lazarus, convinces him to repent of his crime. Sonya intends to share with Raskolnikov the vicissitudes of hard labor: she considers herself guilty of violating biblical commandments and agrees to “suffer” in order to cleanse herself.
Sonya's appearance
It was a thin, very thin and pale face, rather irregular, somehow pointy, with a pointy little nose and chin. She couldn’t even be called pretty, but her blue eyes were so clear, and when they came to life, the expression on her face became so kind and simple-minded that you involuntarily attracted people to her. In her face, and in her entire figure, there was, in addition, one special characteristic feature: despite her eighteen years, she seemed almost still like a girl, much younger than her years, almost like a child, and this was sometimes even funny in some of her movements. .
Katerina Ivanovna about Sonya
Yes, she will take off her last dress, sell it, go barefoot, and give it to you if you need it, that’s what she is like! She even received a yellow ticket, because my children were dying of hunger, she sold herself for us!
Marmeladov about Sonya
“After all, now she must observe cleanliness. This cleanliness costs money, it’s special, you know? Do you understand? Well, you can buy sweets there too, because you can’t, sir; starched skirts, a fancy shoe of sorts, so that you can show off your legs when you have to cross a puddle. Do you understand, do you understand, sir, what this purity means? Well, here I am, the blood father, and stole these thirty kopecks for my hangover! And I drink, sir! And I’ve already drunk it, sir!..”
The image of an immaculate and at the same time sinful angel in the novel “Crime and Punishment” became a real sensation for the public. opened up a different side of life for readers. The personality of Sonya Marmeladova differed from the usual literary heroes. Her crime, humility and desire to atone have become moral guidelines for all those who are confused.
Crime and Punishment
Dostoevsky collected the basis for the novel during his own hard labor exile. In Siberia, the writer did not have the opportunity to write, but he had enough time to interview exiles and their loved ones. Therefore, the images of the main characters of the novel are collective in nature.
Initially, the author conceived the novel as a confession story. The narration was told in the first person, and the main task for Dostoevsky was to show the inner psychological truth of a confused person. The writer became interested in the idea, and the serious story grew into a novel.
Initially, her role in the novel Crime and Punishment was minor, but after several edits, the image of the main character took an important place in the story. With the help of Sonya, Dostoevsky conveys to readers the important idea of the novel:
“The Orthodox view, what is Orthodoxy. There is no happiness in comfort; happiness is bought through suffering. Man is not born for happiness. A person deserves his happiness, and always through suffering.”
Analysis of the work proves that the author did an excellent job with the task. Sonya is the personification of suffering and redemption. The characterization of the heroine is revealed to the reader gradually. All quotes about a former prostitute are filled with love and care. Dostoevsky is equally worried about the fate of the girl:
“...Oh yes Sonya! What a well, however, they managed to dig! And they use it! That's why they use it! And we got used to it. We cried and got used to it. A scoundrel of a man gets used to everything!”
Biography and plot of the novel
Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova was born into the family of a minor official. The girl's father is an elderly man, earns little and likes to drink. Sonya's mother died long ago, the girl is being raised by her stepmother. The father's new wife has a mixture of feelings for her stepdaughter. Katerina Ivanovna takes out all her dissatisfaction with her failed life on an innocent girl. At the same time, the woman does not feel hatred towards the younger Marmeladova and tries not to deprive the girl of attention.
Sonya did not receive an education, because, according to her father, she is not distinguished by intelligence and intelligence. The trusting and good-natured heroine blindly believes in God and meekly serves the interests of the Marmeladov spouses and the stepmother’s children from her first marriage.
The girl is already 18 years old, although the heroine’s appearance would be more suitable for a child: blond hair, blue eyes, angular figure:
“She couldn’t even be called pretty, but her blue eyes were so clear, and when they came to life, the expression on her face became so kind and simple-minded that you involuntarily attracted people to her.”
The family lives in the Russian outback, but after the father lost his permanent income, the Marmeladovs moved to St. Petersburg. In the capital, Semyon Zakharovich quickly finds a job and just as quickly loses it. The bosses are not ready to put up with employee drunkenness. Providing for the family falls entirely on Sonya.
Left without a livelihood, the girl sees one way out - to quit her job as a seamstress, which brought in too little money, and get a job as a prostitute. For the shameful earnings, the girl was kicked out of the apartment. Sonya lives separately from her family, rents a room from a tailor she knows:
“...my daughter, Sofya Semyonovna, was forced to receive a yellow ticket, and on this occasion she could not stay with us. Because the hostess, Amalia Fedorovna, didn’t want to allow that.”
A girl of easy virtue received from the government a “yellow ticket” - a document proving that the young lady was selling her body. Even shameful work does not save the Marmeladov family.
Semyon Zakharovich dies under the hooves of a carriage horse. In the bustle and commotion, the girl’s first acquaintance with Raskolnikov takes place. The man already knows the girl in absentia - the elder Marmeladov told Rodion about Sonya’s difficult fate in all its details.
Financial assistance from a stranger (Rodion Raskolnikov pays for his father’s funeral) touches the girl. Sonya goes to thank the man. This is how the difficult relationship between the main characters begins.
During the process of organizing a funeral, young people spend a lot of time talking. Both feel like outcasts from society, both are looking for consolation and support. The mask of a cold cynic, which covers the main character, falls, and the true Rodion appears before pure Sonya:
“He suddenly changed; his affectedly impudent and impotently defiant tone disappeared. Even my voice suddenly weakened..."
Marmeladov's death completely undermined the stepmother's health. Katerina Ivanovna dies of consumption, and Sonya falls on the shoulders of caring for the younger members of the family. Help for the girl comes unexpectedly - Mr. Svidrigailov places the little ones in an orphanage and provides the younger Marmeladovs with a comfortable future. This is how Sonya’s fate unfolded in a terrible way.
But the desire to make sacrifices pushes the girl to the other extreme. Now the heroine intends to devote herself to Raskolnikov and accompany the prisoner into exile. The girl is not afraid that her loved one killed the old woman to test a crazy theory. Marmeladova’s truth is that love, faith and selflessness will heal and guide Rodion on the right path.
In Siberia, where the main character is sent, Sonya gets a job as a seamstress. The shameful profession remains a thing of the past, and, despite the coldness of the young man, Sonya remains faithful to Rodion. The girl’s patience and faith bring results - Raskolnikov realizes how much he needs Marmeladova. The reward for the two wounded souls was the joint happiness that came after the atonement of sins.
Film adaptations
The first film dedicated to Raskolnikov's crime was filmed in 1909. The role of Rodion's faithful companion was played by actress Alexandra Goncharova. The film itself has long been lost; copies of the film do not exist. In 1935, American filmmakers filmed their version of the tragedy. The image of the immaculate sinner went to actress Marian Marsh.
In 1956, the French showed their own view of the drama of a confused man. She played the role of Sonya, but in the film adaptation the name of the main character was replaced with Lily Marcelin.
In the USSR, the first film about the fate of Raskolnikov was released in 1969. The director of the film is Lev Kulidzhanov. Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova was played by Tatyana Bedova. The film was included in the program of the Venice Film Festival.
In 2007, the series “Crime and Punishment” was released, in which the image of the main character was embodied.
The majority of film critics did not like the serial film. The main complaint is that Rodion Raskolnikov does not experience human feelings. The hero is obsessed with anger and hatred. Repentance never touches the hearts of the main characters.
- Dostoevsky's first child was named Sonya. The girl died a couple of months after birth.
- In St. Petersburg, the heroine lived in the building of the former state chamber. This is a real house. Sonya's exact address is Griboyedov Canal embankment, 63.
- The rap artist uses the name of the main character from Crime and Punishment as a pseudonym.
- In the first version of the novel, Sonya's biography looks different: the heroine comes into conflict with Dunya Raskolnikova and becomes the object of Luzhin's crazy but immaculate love.
Quotes
“You walked away from God, and God struck you down and handed you over to the devil!”
“To accept suffering and redeem yourself through it, that’s what you need...”
“...And tell everyone, out loud: “I killed!” Then God will send you life again. Will you go? Will you go?..”
“What are you doing, why did you do this to yourself! No, there is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world now!”
