Further education of Oblomov and Stolz table. Oblomov and Stolz: comparative characteristics

Brilliant novel Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov introduces us to two diametrically opposed images: their characterization can take pages and pages. After all, they are completely different: in their temperament, in their attitude to life and worldview. It took Goncharov ten years to write it! How do you think, dear readers, would an academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Literature “steam” for a whole decade, writing a novel in the form of a “single-layer” pie? What's easier for a corresponding member - to write a story about two friends! One is extremely lazy. The other one is amazingly efficient. But no. A novel has been written about all of us! And we will try to prove this. Oblomov and Stolz will help us in this study.

Image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

The landowner Oblomov is outwardly a plump, doughy man with dark gray eyes, who prefers a passive lifestyle, lying on the sofa, doing nothing. Carelessness is visible in his entire appearance, but his face is spiritual. And the thought is constantly present in him, it shines in the eyes, hides in the wrinkles of the forehead, bends along with the lips. However, this idea is “toothless”; it has no practical application. Comparative and Stolz are clearly not in favor of Ilya Ilyich. He is a hereditary landowner. He has 350 serf souls. Nice, solid mansion in St. Petersburg, dacha, country house. Oblomov has no idea how to take care of all this property that he owns. He is like a child, first he is robbed by his clerk, and then he is driven to ruin by the swindlers Mikhei Andreevich Tarantyev and Ivan Matveevich Mukhoyarov.

He is educated, but has no practical work experience. Under the influence of his first failures in the service, he developed a psychological “lazy complex”, which Ilya Ilyich was unable to overcome.

Image of Andrey Stolts

According to the plot of the novel, they have known each other and been friends since school: Oblomov and Stolz. The comparative characteristics indicate the proximity of their caste origin. Andrei Stolts was born into the family of a German clerk, Ivan Bogdanovich, and a simple but educated Russian woman. The relationship between his status and the status of a friend-landowner is similar to the relationship between a business owner and a top manager. Since childhood, father regular exercise in sciences, as well as accounting, instilled in him hard work. Andrey is a lean man with sunken cheeks, dark skin and greenish expressive eyes. He is hyperactive: constantly, like a shark, on the move. The writer speaks of his hero as if he consists of nothing but muscles and tendons. He knows languages ​​and is smart, which is why the trading company-employer sends him as an agent to Belgium. In addition, Stolz is able to creatively use his knowledge. Therefore, colleagues prefer to invite him to develop projects. Oblomov and Stolz have different attitudes towards money. The comparative characteristic indicates the thriftiness of the latter.

The secret subtext of Goncharov's images?

The fact that, by and large, the images of Stolz and Oblomov are not independent, but allegorical, the author of the novel shows in their relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. On the one hand, she can neither win nor keep her, but she is invariably attracted by the spineless Ilya Ilyich with his romanticism and pure childish soul. On the other hand, Stolz, who became her husband, pathologically does not feel the difference between business cooperation and sincerity. On a romantic honeymoon trip to Paris, he is, to put it mildly, unconvincing.

Why did Goncharov create these two images: Oblomov and Stolz? Is the comparative description of these images simply an instructive conclusion? Contrasting characters? Or maybe we need to look at this more broadly? After all, each of us, of course, knows how much “Stolz” is in him and how much “Oblomov” is in him. What is Oblomov? This is a dream that doesn't touch the ground. A global dream, devoid of any desire to realize it. What is Stolz? This is down to earth, business acumen, a sense of partnership. So let’s ask ourselves the question: “If you create something global, is it possible to discount the dream in principle?” (As you know, Stolz avoided dreaming.) Unlikely.

And you, dear readers, will you agree with the following conclusion? To create a truly successful personality that promotes fantastic projects, you need to mix in one glass 30% of the dreamer Oblomov and 70% of the fanatic of Stolz’s work. Is this what Goncharov wanted to tell us? After all, in the Stoltsov family there appeared Foster-son. Of course, proper education will instill in him business acumen. But what about the ability to dream? Genes after all, you know...

So, we will start working with text.

In one of the lessons, you were asked to compose a quotation comparative description according to plan, using only material from the novel. Text of the novel.

Why is this necessary?

Text analysis, deep text analysis! will allow you to in this case understand what makes up the hero’s image, how the choice of lexical means allows the Master (writer!) to create the character’s character. We will see that the choice of one or another will allow us to convey to the reader a deep thought, an idea (which idea exactly - we will try to determine together with you)

You are on the wiki page, which means you can make changes. How to do this - see. Don't forget to indicate authorship - this way it will be clear to me who to evaluate.

I filled out the first column as a sample - here is everything we talked about in class. If you would like to add to the first column, please do so, this is encouraged.

Comparative characteristics of the image

Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolts

The novel "Oblomov" is one of the iconic works of the 19th century, covering many social and philosophical themes. Important role when opening ideological meaning The work plays an analysis of the relationship between the two main male characters in the book. In the novel “Oblomov,” the characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reflects their completely different natures, contrasted by the author.
According to the plot of the work, the heroes are best friends from an early age, if possible, helping each other even in adulthood: Stolts to Oblomov - with a solution to many of his pressing problems, and Ilya Ilyich to Andrei Ivanovich - with pleasant conversations that allow Stolts to return peace of mind.

Portrait characteristics of heroes

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is given by the author himself and is most noteworthy when comparing them portrait characteristics, as well as characters. Ilya Ilyich is a soft, quiet, kind, dreamy, reflective fellow who makes any decision at the behest of his heart, even if his mind leads the hero to the opposite conclusion. The appearance of the introverted Oblomov fully corresponds to his character - his movements are soft, lazy, rounded, and his image is characterized by excessive effeminacy, not typical for a man.

Stolz, both internally and externally, is completely different from Oblomov. The main thing in the life of Andrei Ivanovich is the rational grain, in all matters he relies only on reason, while the dictates of the heart, intuition and the sphere of feelings for the hero not only represent something secondary, but are also inaccessible and incomprehensible to him rational thinking. Unlike Oblomov, “flabby beyond his years,” Stolz seems to consist of “bones, muscles and nerves.” His life is a rapid race forward, the important attributes of which are constant personal development and continuous work. The images of Oblomov and Stolz seem to be mirror image each other: active, extroverted, successful in society and in the career field, Stolz is contrasted with the lazy, apathetic, who does not want to communicate with anyone, much less go to work again, Oblomov.

Differences in the upbringing of heroes

When comparing Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts, as well as for a better understanding of the images of the heroes, it is important to briefly describe the atmosphere in which each of the characters grew up. Despite the “dragging” environment that seemed to cover Oblomovka with a veil of half-asleep and laziness, little Ilya was a cheerful, active and curious child, which at first was very similar to Stolz. He wanted to learn as much as possible about the world around him, but the excessive care of his parents, his “greenhouse” upbringing, the instillation of outdated, obsolete and aimed at the ideals of the past, made the child a worthy successor to the traditions of “Oblomovism”, a bearer of the “Oblomovism” worldview - lazy, introverted, living in his own illusory world.

However, Stolz also did not grow up the way he could have grown up. At first glance, the combination in his upbringing of the strict approach of his German father and the tenderness of his mother, a noblewoman of Russian origin, would have allowed Andrei to become a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality. Nevertheless, as the author points out, Stolz grew up “like a cactus accustomed to drought.” The young man lacked love, warmth and gentleness, since he was mainly raised by his father, who did not believe that sensitivity should be instilled in a man. However, Stolz's Russian roots were looking for this until the end of his life. warmth, finding it in Oblomov, and then in the idea of ​​​​Oblomovka, which he denied.

Education and career of heroes

The contradictory characters of Stolz and Oblomov manifest themselves already in their youth, when Andrei Ivanovich, trying to learn as much as possible about the world around him, tried to instill in Ilya Ilyich a love of books, to light a flame in him that would make him strive forward. And Stoltz succeeded, but for a very short time - as soon as Oblomov was left alone, the book became less important for him than, for example, a dream. Somehow, rather for his parents, Ilya Ilyich graduated from school and then university, where he was absolutely not interested, since the hero did not understand how mathematics and other sciences could be useful to him in life. Even the only failure in the service became the end of his career for him - it was too difficult for the sensitive, soft Oblomov to adapt to strict rules metropolitan world, far from the norms of life in Oblomovka.

For Stolz, with his rational, active view of the world, it is much easier to move forward career ladder, because any failure was more like another incentive for him than a defeat. Andrei Ivanovich’s continuous activity, high efficiency, and ability to please others made him a useful person in any workplace and a pleasant guest in any society, and all thanks to the determination laid down by his father and the continuous thirst for knowledge, which his parents developed in Stolz in childhood.

Characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz as carriers of two opposite principles

IN critical literature when comparing Oblomov and Stolz, it is widely believed that the characters represent two opposites, two types of “extra” heroes who cannot be found in their “pure” form in real life, even despite the fact that “Oblomov” is a realistic novel, and, therefore, the images described should be typical images. However, when analyzing the upbringing and development of each of the characters, the reasons for Oblomov’s apathy, laziness and daydreaming become clear, as well as excessive dryness, rationality, and even similarities with a certain Stolz mechanism.

A comparison of Stolz and Oblomov makes it possible to understand that both heroes are not only typical personalities for their time, but are also images that are tendentious for any time. Oblomov is a typical son of rich parents, raised in an atmosphere of love and intense care, protected by his family from the need to work, decide something and actively act, because there will always be “Zakhar” who will do everything for him. Stolz, on the other hand, is a person who, from an early age, is taught the need to work and labor, while being deprived of love and care, which leads to a certain internal callousness of such a person, to a misunderstanding of the nature of feelings and emotional deprivation.

Work test

Even in drafts, I read it chapter by chapter to my friends - writers, literary critics, close friends. “It’s a major thing,” a recognized writer said about the novel. literary master I. S. Turgenev. Goncharov is a realist writer, and that means his novel is about real life, about the thoughts and ideas that worried his contemporaries, about the feelings and emotions that enveloped them.

What interested the Russian intelligentsia most in the second half of the 20th century? Of course, thoughts about Russia! What development path will the country choose?

The society was dominated by two main theories of development - Westernism and Slavophilism, which were fundamentally different from each other. If Westerners called for taking the example of “educated Europe” in everything, then the Slavophiles © A L L S o c h. r u were looking for the truth of life in the old days, patriarchy, and communal way of life. Who is right - only time could answer. In the novel, the bearers of the main ideas are the two main St. Petersburg nobles - Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts.

They are different, absolutely dissimilar in everything - from appearance to attitude to life. It is probably no coincidence that Goncharov applied the well-known principle “ speaking names“, after all, “oblom” in Rus' meant not only the largest shaft in the harness, but also a large, clumsy person, and the word “stolz” translated from German means “proud.” The novel is openly built on the principle of opposition.

To find his “truth of life,” Goncharov takes his main characters through the same trials of life, and scrupulously studies their reactions and behavior. Of course, Oblomov and Stolz also have common features, for example, they are about the same age, they grew up together, and studied together in the boarding house that Stolz’s father maintained. Both of them served for some time, but resigned for various reasons.

Finally, both Oblomov and Stolz were in love with Olga Ilyinskaya. But the differences between these characters are undoubtedly much greater. The first thing that catches your eye is, of course, the appearance. OGblom is a plump, pampered man with matte, snow-white skin, while Stolz, on the contrary, “is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves.

He is thin...no sign of fatty roundness. The complexion is even, darkish and no blush.” Already from their appearance one can determine the type of their occupation and life.

Plump, sedentary Oblomov reclines on the sofa all day long and “draws the pattern of life,” dreams, makes plans, simultaneously quarreling with his servant Zakhar. Stolz leads active image life, visits social events, travels a lot. He strives for constant replenishment of knowledge and business connections. The roots of this behavior are in the childhood of both characters. Oblomov's parents, small-scale Russian nobles, spent their entire life in the village of Oblomovka.

They raised their son Ilyusha there in greenhouse conditions. Since childhood, Oblomov was surrounded by love and affection, “his mother showered him with passionate kisses, looked with greedy, caring eyes to see if his eyes were cloudy. Does anything hurt..." Little Ilya was not allowed to go anywhere without a nanny; they were afraid that he would run away somewhere, get lost, or climb into a notorious ravine.

The child does not see or know anything except his “little homeland,” and is ready to spend his life here – in the patriarchal Russian paradise. Actually, all of my later life Oblomov dreams of only one thing - to return to Oblomovka, dear to his heart, where it is so good and peaceful, and not alone, but with his beloved wife. Someone must replace his mother and nanny in caring for Ilyusha. This is not at all how Andrei Stolts went. His character was influenced by the active situation in the family.

WITH early years he was used to working; his father encouraged such zeal for studies and crafts. Andrey “from the age of eight he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorting out Herder, Wieland, syllable by syllable...”. The boys studied together at the boarding house, but their attitudes to learning were also different. Andrey studies with pleasure, greedily absorbs knowledge, always does extra work, reads many books beyond the given limit.

Ilya approaches his studies humbly, considering it a punishment “sent down from heaven for our sins.” He frankly doesn’t understand why he needs to teach and fill his head with all sorts of algebras and Latins, unknown and unnecessary to anyone in Oblomovka. For Stolz, studying is another step up, but for Oblomov, it’s an unpleasant duty - done and forgotten. The main characters devoted some time public service, and soon retired. Oblomov’s service strained him, forced him to somehow live and act, and it was decisive actions that Ilya Ilyich diligently avoided all his life.

He runs his farm this way, or rather, not at all. He doesn't care about anything, even how much money he has in his pocket. Oblomov is only pleased to slowly dream of what an amazing paradise he will build in Oblomovka, and in this corner of paradise he will live, not interested in anything, not worrying about anything, happily and serenely. Stolz was constrained by bureaucratic service. He quickly learned the essence of the service, acquired the necessary connections and acquaintances, and retired in order to finally make good use of all the luggage accumulated in his childhood and youth.

“You have to arrange yourself and even change your nature,” he says. Stolz lives to work, and everything that does not correspond to him life ideals, he calls poisonous words “Oblomovism”. Stolz and Oblomov have been connected since childhood, but they relate to it differently. Andrey always strives to stir up Ilya, make him act, want something, achieve something.

Oblomov frankly dislikes such a life, because it is “a daily empty shuffling of days, an eternal running around in starts, an eternal game of trashy passions, interrupting each other’s paths, looking from head to toe.” Stolz’s response arguments are very unconvincing: “Something must occupy the world and society. Everyone has their own interests.

That’s what life is for.” Oblomov must be a kind of measure of life for Stolz. He constantly compares himself with him, trying to prove the superiority of his own life.

In fact, one is constantly doing something, spinning, spinning, gaining and losing, while the other just lies on the couch - and is happy with it. But Stolz also wants life, and is trying to prove to everyone that the path of creative creation gives more happiness than the path of passive perception. In order to somehow stir up Oblomov, Stolz resorts to such a powerful remedy as love and introduces Ilya to Olga Ilyinskaya. But even here Oblomov is firm in his life beliefs and does not want to change anything.

He allows Olga to love him, treating her also with love, but as a nanny and mother. He is incapable of action, he only accepts advances. Olga commits unacceptable violations of decency, comes to Oblomov herself and alone, but this only scares Ilya Ilyich. Love for Olga develops into fear of Olga, and when they part, she cries, and he sighs with relief.

Stolz, having previously treated Olga with playful frivolity, is surprised to discover how morally the woman has grown, having extricated herself from the sticky snares of “Oblomovism.” A woman with such fortitude is capable of becoming a true friend in life for Stolz. It was as if he saw her anew, and when he saw her, he fell in love with her, and when he fell in love, he achieved it, throwing all his perseverance into achieving the goal. They deserve each other, and their happy married life is the best for that confirmation. And the children of Stolz and Ilyinskaya will be like them, because they have so much to do in life.

Father restored Oblomova, and they will have to equip all of Russia. Actually, with the ending of his novel, Goncharov, at least for himself and his reader, drew a line in the dispute between Westerners and Slavophiles. Yes, Oblomov is a pleasant person, highly moral, who does not wish harm to anyone, but he is inactive, lacking initiative, weak-willed and therefore doomed.

The death of Ilya Ilyich from a stroke is a natural result of his whole life; a weakened brain, swollen with fat, is not able to protect even itself. And in Russia the Stolts are born and dominate. They may be unpleasant and viewed with caution, but they are strong, proud and resilient.

The future is behind them. Although the immense Russian womb of Oblomovism is capable of absorbing and digesting more than one million militant, life-hardened Stolts. So, life goes on. And the eternal dispute too.

Literature – 10th grade.

Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"

(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)

Lesson objectives: identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.

Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.

Students should know:

Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;

The main idea of ​​the work;

Main images.

Students should be able to:

Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;

Summarize and systematize educational material;

Improve your skills in working with text;

Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.

During the classes.

IOrg moment.

IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2,

chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)

IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.

1.introduction.

Good afternoon guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).

Work plan:

1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)

2.Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz and Oblomov (checking homework)

3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.

Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:

- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?

Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double

2. Vocabulary work.

Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?

Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)

(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:

In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;

In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the paintings happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;

Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.

Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.

3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”

(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).

We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life did not rush to explain to the child the meaning of life life position. In the conclusion column we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.

4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)

- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

b)Origin:

…

…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, successfully serves, retires to study own business; makes a house and money. He's a dick trading company, sending goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of ​​balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.

c) Education.

- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.

His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)

His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)

Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.

Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.

What impression does this scene make on you?

How can you comment on this?

What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?

Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.

His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son disappeared...”).

A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”

Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?

Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).

d).Education:

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”

Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.

What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?

e) Established program.

Oblomov

Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).

“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”

What was Stolz most afraid of?

Substantiating their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“ optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).

Stolz

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and stormy activity - active Start

“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business - they choose it. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”

- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?

Students: “Live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and bring the vessel of life to last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).

Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.

The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!

- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)

This is not life!

- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)

(Physical education minute)

Introductory speech about the meaning of life.

Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)

In what setting does the conversation take place?

What is I. Oblomov talking about?

How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?

e) Outlook on life

Oblomov

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz.

g) Purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)

g) Perception of life

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)

Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?

- Is there one answer to this question?

(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)

Teacher: In conversations (arguments) often the last word the author gives Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).

Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?

Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

Oblomov

Stolz

Peace (apathy)

“...he is constantly on the move...”

Sleep (inactivity)

“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”

A dream is a “shell, self-deception”

“he was afraid of every dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”

Fear of circumstances

“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"

The aimlessness of existence

“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)

Labor is punishment

“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)

Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed

- Is Stolz too positive in his views?

Or maybe Oblomov is right: people looking for meaning in social life- dead people, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!

Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?

Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?

Result:

- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?

(Give your reasons. What values ​​(which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)

- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?

Student answers:

Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.

- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)

h) Friendship

- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.

Characteristics of heroes:

Oblomov and Stolz

1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.

2. Stolz . Strong and smart, he is in permanent activity and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.

Answer to problematic issue: Oblomov and Stolz – doubles or antipodes? (student's words).

V Summarizing.

Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.

- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?

Oblomov dies, leaving his son.

Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.

Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.

Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.

So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!

Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adulthood independent life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, coming out of the soft teenage years into stern, embittering courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”

VI . Homework :

Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:

Individual tasks:

1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)

2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)

3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new flat on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.

Ratings

Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”

the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

Origin

from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.

…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman

Upbringing

his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.

Education

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow

Embedded program

… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.

… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.

Outlook on life

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...

The purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”

Friendship

There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.

Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.

Perception of life

Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: sometimes it will pinch you on the sly, sometimes it will suddenly come right from your forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.

Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “...“life touches!” "And thank God!" - said Stolz.

Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

Test of love

he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)

he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love